Arthur Leonard Schawlow
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American physicist
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Why Is Arthur Leonard Schawlow Influential?
(Suggest an Edit or Addition)According to Wikipedia, Arthur Leonard Schawlow was an American physicist and co-inventor of the laser with Charles Townes. His central insight, which Townes overlooked, was the use of two mirrors as the resonant cavity to take maser action from microwaves to visible wavelengths. He shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nicolaas Bloembergen and Kai Siegbahn for his work using lasers to determine atomic energy levels with great precision.
Arthur Leonard Schawlow's Published Works
Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works
Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author
Published Works
- Infrared and optical masers (1958) (1390)
- Cooling of gases by laser radiation (1975) (999)
- High-Resolution Saturation Spectroscopy of the SodiumDLines with a Pulsed Tunable Dye Laser (1971) (247)
- Coherence, Narrowing, Directionality, and Relaxation Oscillations in the Light Emission from Ruby (1960) (219)
- Saturation spectroscopy in molecular iodine by intermodulated fluorescence (1972) (198)
- Phonon-induced relaxation in excited optical states of trivalent praseodymium in laf sub 3. (1964) (178)
- Complete Hyperfine Structure of a Molecular Iodine Line (1971) (177)
- Ultrasensitive response of a CW dye laser to selective extinction (1972) (170)
- Absolute measurement of very low sodium-vapor densities using laser resonance fluorescence* (1975) (170)
- Temperature Dependence of the Width and Position of the 2 E--> 4 A 2 Fluorescence Lines of Cr 3+ and V 2+ in MgO (1964) (145)
- Two-photon spectroscopy of Na 3s-4d without Doppler broadening using a cw dye laser☆ (1974) (142)
- Electronic Spectra of Exchange-Coupled Ion Pairs in Crystals (1959) (136)
- Effect of the Energy Gap on the Penetration Depth of Superconductors (1959) (130)
- Hyperfine Quantum Beats Observed in Cs Vapor under Pulsed Dye Laser Excitation (1973) (125)
- Hyperfine Interactions in Molecular Iodine (1972) (125)
- Doppler-Free Intermodulated Optogalvanic Spectroscopy (1979) (114)
- Simplification of Spectra by Polarization Labeling (1976) (112)
- Two-step polarization-labeling spectroscopy of excited states ofNa2 (1981) (103)
- Observation of a spin-wave sideband in the optical spectrum of MnF sub 2. (1965) (103)
- Report to The American Physical Society of the study group on science and technology of directed energy weapons (1987) (102)
- Electron-Nuclear Potential Fields from Hyperfine Structure (1949) (100)
- Optical masers (1961) (93)
- Excited-state absorption in ruby, emerald, and MgO: Cr 3 + (1975) (91)
- Identification of Absorption Lines by Modulated Lower-Level Population: Spectrum of Na 2 (1976) (90)
- Strain-Induced Effects on the Degenerate Spectral Line of Chromium in MgO Crystals (1961) (87)
- Self-Absorption and Trapping of Sharp-Line Resonance Radiation in Ruby (1959) (84)
- Optical Resolution of the Lamb Shift in Atomic Hydrogen by Laser Saturation Spectroscopy (1972) (83)
- Digital wavemeter of cw lasers (1976) (74)
- Nuclear Quadrupole Resonances in Solid Bromine in Iodine Compounds (1954) (71)
- Composite Rod Optical Masers (1962) (66)
- Direct measurement of xenon flashtube opacity (1964) (65)
- Spectroscopic Studies of SrTiO3 Using Impurity-Ion Probes (1969) (64)
- Fluorescence of MgO:Cr3+Ions in Noncubic Sites (1965) (63)
- An improved wavemeter for cw lasers (1978) (61)
- Zeeman Effect of the Purely Cubic Field Fluorescence Line of MgO:Cr3+Crystals (1960) (60)
- Simultaneous Optical Maser Action in Two Ruby Satellite Lines (1961) (56)
- HYPERFINE STRUCTURE IN THE SPECTRUM OF N¹⁴H. I. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS (1954) (55)
- Optical Detection of Paramagnetic Resonance in an Excited State of Cr 3 + in Al 2 O 3 (1959) (55)
- Piezospectroscopic Studies of Exchange-Coupled Cr3+ Ion Pairs in Ruby (1968) (54)
- Far Infrared Spectra ofAl2O3:Cr3+andAl2O3:Ti3+ (1967) (52)
- Digital wavemeter for cw lasers (1976) (52)
- Three-photon-excited fluorescence detection of atomic hydrogen in an atmospheric-pressure flame. (1984) (47)
- Observation of Zeeman Quantum Beats in Molecular Iodine (1974) (46)
- Identification of Rydberg States in Na 2 by Two-Step Polarization Labeling (1980) (44)
- IMAGE AMPLIFICATION BY DYE LASERS (1971) (43)
- Superradiance triggering spectroscopy (1980) (43)
- Fine‐Line Spectra of Chromium Ions in Crystals (1962) (43)
- ISOTOPE SHIFT IN THE R LINES OF CHROMIUM IN RUBY AND MgO (1964) (42)
- Thermal Shifts in the Energy Levels of LaF 3 :Nd 3+ * (1967) (41)
- Scanning pulsed-polarization spectrometer applied to Na 2 (1983) (41)
- Spectroscopy in a new light (1982) (39)
- Doppler-free radiofrequency optogalvanic spectroscopy (1981) (39)
- ENHANCED ULTRAVIOLET OUTPUT FROM DOUBLE-PULSED FLASH LAMPS (1963) (39)
- Advances in Optical Masers (1963) (38)
- Measurement of the Stark Effect in Sodium by Two-Photon Spectroscopy (1975) (37)
- Structure of the Intermediate State in Superconductors (1954) (36)
- Saturated-interference spectroscopy. (1978) (35)
- Generation of coherent UV radiation by optical wave-mixing processes in atomic potassium (1984) (34)
- Selective Laser Photocatalysis of Bromine Reactions (1967) (32)
- Sensitive intracavity absorption at reduced pressures (1980) (31)
- Spectral structure of continuous-wave two-photon transitions in Na 2 (1982) (30)
- Measuring the Diameter of a Hair by Diffraction (1974) (29)
- Crystal Structure and Quadrupole Coupling of Cyanogen Bromide, BrCN (1955) (28)
- Laser action of dyes in gelatin (1971) (28)
- Doppler-free two-photon optogalvanic spectroscopy. (1979) (26)
- Measurements of the kinetic energy of free positronium formed in MgO (1971) (26)
- Quadrupole Coupling Ratio of the Chlorine Isotopes (1952) (26)
- Polarization intermodulated excitation (POLINEX) spectroscopy of helium and neon (1981) (25)
- Magnetization Induced by Optical Pumping in Antiferromagnetic MnF 2 (1971) (25)
- Masers and lasers (1976) (25)
- Laser spectroscopy of atoms and molecules. (1978) (25)
- Dielectric-Related Optical Line Shifts in SrTi O 3 : Cr 3 + (1969) (24)
- Simple dye laser repetitively pumped by a xenon ion laser (1973) (24)
- Spectroscopy in a new light. (1982) (23)
- Cooperative energy transfer among Pr3+ ions in LaF3 (1984) (23)
- Identification of excited state in Na2 by two-step polarization labeling (A) (1979) (23)
- Nuclear quadrupole coupling in the 1Σ+g and 3Π+Ou states of molecular iodine (1972) (23)
- Examination of Methods for Detecting OH (1954) (23)
- Far‐Infrared Spectrum of Al2O3:V4+ (1968) (23)
- Multiple-wedge wavemeter for pulsed lasers. (1981) (22)
- Optical Detection of Paramagnetic Resonance in Crystals at Low Temperatures (1959) (22)
- Hyperfine Structure and Nuclear Moment of pb$sup 20$$sup 7$ (1949) (21)
- Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance in an Antiferromagnet (1961) (21)
- Nuclear Moments of Mg$sup 2$$sup 5$ (1949) (20)
- Microwave Spectrum and Structure of ReO3Cl (1952) (19)
- Intracavity absorption line profiles: a comment on the observed symmetry (1985) (19)
- Magnetic Effects in the Optical Spectrum of MnF2 (1966) (19)
- High-contrast Doppler-free transmission spectroscopy. (1986) (18)
- INTERMEDIATE STATE OF SUPERCONDUCTORS: INFLUENCE OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURE (1958) (18)
- Tilted-Plate Interferometry with Large Plate Separations (1963) (17)
- Precision interferometer calibration technique for wavelength measurements: iodine wavelengths at 633 nm and H(alpha). (1979) (17)
- Saturation spectroscopy for optically thick atomic samples (1987) (15)
- Fine Structure and Properties of Chromium Fluorescence in Aluminum and Magnesium Oxide (1961) (14)
- A Microwave Spectrum of the Free OH Radical (1953) (14)
- Two-photon line shapes with near-resonant enhancement☆ (1981) (13)
- Transmission and Reflection Coefficients of Aluminium Films for Interferometry (1949) (13)
- Transverse stimulated emission in liquids. (1968) (13)
- ISOTOPE SHIFT IN THE RESONANCE LINES OF ZINC (1950) (13)
- Cascade stimulated emission in the sodium dimer (1984) (13)
- Ultraviolet sum-frequency generation utilizing optical pair interactions in solids☆ (1982) (12)
- Image orthicon spectrograph with computer control. (1971) (12)
- DIRECT OBSERVATION OF SINGLE‐DOMAIN SrTiO3 (1970) (12)
- Potential of the (5)Σ1g+ state of Na 2 by two-step excitation spectroscopy (1988) (12)
- Doppler-free ultraviolet excitation spectra of CΠ1 u −XΣ1g+ in Na 2 by modulated population spectroscopy (1989) (12)
- Polarized fluorescence study of Cr3+ through a stress-induced phase transition in SrTiO3 (1970) (12)
- Laser polarization spectroscopy of atoms and molecules (1976) (10)
- Depolarized light scattering from liquid bromine (1970) (10)
- Laser spectroscopy using beam-overlap modulation. (1985) (10)
- NUCLEAR MAGNETIC MOMENTS AND SIMILARITY BETWEEN NEUTRON AND PROTON STATES IN THE NUCLEUS (1951) (10)
- Lasers and Light (1969) (9)
- Relaxation-oscillator detection of optogalvanic spectra. (1990) (9)
- Polarization labeling spectroscopy of NO2 (1979) (9)
- DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF FLASHLAMP SYSTEMS FOR PUMPING ORGANIC DYE LASERS * (1969) (9)
- Isotope separation by selective unimolecular photoisomerization (1974) (8)
- Saturation spectroscopy of molecular iodine using the 5017 Å argon laser line (1971) (8)
- Infrared and Optical Lases (1969) (8)
- Intermediate state of hard superconductors (1959) (8)
- Penetration of magnetic fields through superconducting films (1958) (7)
- Two-photon resonant optical processes in atomic potassium (1984) (7)
- Measurement of diode laser characteristics affecting tunability with an external grating (1992) (7)
- Stark effect study of excited states in sodium using two-photon spectroscopy (1977) (7)
- Effect of ultraviolet pumping on ruby laser output. (1966) (7)
- Optical and infra-red masers (1963) (6)
- Lasers in historical perspective (1984) (6)
- Lasers and physics: a pretty good hint (1982) (6)
- Simplifying Spectra by Laser Level Labeling (1982) (6)
- Nuclear Moments of Silver (1949) (6)
- Measuring the Wavelength of Light with a Ruler (1965) (6)
- EFFECT ON X-RAY FINE STRUCTURE OF DEVIATIONS FROM A COULOMB FIELD NEAR THE NUCLEUS (1955) (5)
- AN ATOMIC BEAM SOURCE AND SPECTROGRAPH FOR HYPERFINE STRUCTURE. NUCLEAR MOMENTS OF SILVER (1950) (5)
- Detection of sharp absorption lines in thin NdF 3 films (1991) (5)
- The future of lasers (1972) (5)
- Principles of lasers. (1995) (5)
- Absorption spectroscopic measurement of atomic density in laser‐induced vapor plume (1993) (5)
- Cubic to trigonal stress induced phase transition in SrTiO3 (1971) (5)
- Experimental observation of the (3)Σ1u+ state of Na 2 by deperturbation of the CΠ1 u −XΣ1g+ system (1989) (5)
- Lasers and light : readings from Scientific American (1969) (4)
- Electric Field Effects on the Spectrum of Chromium in Strontium Titanate (1968) (4)
- Lasers, light, and matter (1977) (3)
- Intracavity absorption detection of magnetic-dipole transitions in 18 O 2 and the determination of the b 1 Σg + (v = 2) state rotational constants (1988) (3)
- Charge Distribution in Nuclei from X-Ray Fine Structure. (1952) (3)
- Two-photon resonances in a sodium−potassium mixed alkali vapor (1986) (3)
- Dispersion in C6H6 and C6D6 (1970) (3)
- Physical Science Today (1973) (2)
- Lasers and coherent light (1964) (2)
- Constants of the 5s 1 Σg+ state of Na 2 from two-photon spectroscopy (1987) (2)
- Structure-sensitivity of the high-frequency NMR in powdered antiferromagnetic MnF2 (1959) (2)
- Introduction: Charles Townes as I Have Known Him (1996) (1)
- PLASMA REFRACTIVE EFFECTS IN HCN LASERS * (1969) (1)
- Coherent transient phenomena (1982) (1)
- Two-photon spectroscopy without Doppler broadening, using a CW dye laser (1974) (1)
- Selective Spectrum Simplification by Laser Level Labeling (1981) (1)
- The Playful Physicist (2004) (1)
- Polarization Intermodulated Excitation (POLINEX) Spectroscopy of Excited Atoms (1981) (1)
- Piezospectroscopic studies of exchange-coupled Cr super 3 super plus ion pairs in ruby. (1968) (1)
- Atomic & Molecular Spectroscopy by Saturation with Coherent Light (1973) (1)
- Plasma refractive effect in HCN lasers (1970) (1)
- Doppler-Free Optogalvanic Spectroscopy (1979) (1)
- X-ray lasers: Threshold requirements and applications (1973) (1)
- Rare-earth absorption lines in metals and thin films (1997) (0)
- ELECTRONIC SPECTRA IN CRYSTALS (1959) (0)
- Scientific Spectroscopy: The First 150 Years (1983) (0)
- Note on the Paper* “Tilted-Plate Interferometry with Large Plate Separations” (1963) (0)
- Spectroscopy: present achievement and future prospects (1982) (0)
- Microwave Spectroscopy (Book Review) (1975) (0)
- First Observation of Perturbations on the C1Пu State of Na2 by CW UV Modulated Population Spectroscopy (1989) (0)
- Multiphoton excitation and fluorescence detection for monitoring of H and CO in atmo-spheric flames (1984) (0)
- Advanced laser-source research. Technical report (Final), 1 April 1978-31 March 1987 (1987) (0)
- Generation of coherent frequency-tunable radiation in F centers (1979) (0)
- Investigation of optimum magnet geometries for gain-expanded free-electron lasers. Final report, 15 Aug 81-31 Dec 82 (1983) (0)
- Lasers and spectroscopy (1985) (0)
- Investigation of Coherent Sources of Infrared Radiation Semiannual Status Report, 1 May - 31 Oct. 1966 (1966) (0)
- 9 Laser Cleaning (2003) (0)
- Advanced Laser Source Research. (1987) (0)
- Optical solid-Lichtverstaerker (1962) (0)
- Absorption spectroscopic measurement of atomic density in laser-induced vapor plume (1993) (0)
- ENERGY TRANSFER IN SOLID LASER MATERIALS (1964) (0)
- Lasers—past, present, and future (Interviews with three Nobel laureates in 1982) (1992) (0)
- Detection of sharp absorption lines in very thin NdF3 films (1990) (0)
- Spontaneous Emission from a Helium-Neon Laser as a Convenient Wavelength Standard (1967) (0)
- Potential of ( 5 ) 1 Σ g + state of Na2 by two-step excitation spectroscopy (1988) (0)
- Atomic Parity Violation Using the Crossed Beam Interference Technique (1985) (0)
- Dye-laser image amplifier (1971) (0)
- SOME EXPERIMENTS WITH LASERS. (1967) (0)
- Asymmetry observed in intracavity absorption line profiles: a comment. (1985) (0)
- CONSTANTS OF THE 5S $^{1}\Sigma^{\ast}_{g}$ STATE OF $Na_{2}$ FROM TWO-PHOTON SPECTROSCOPY (1987) (0)
- Ultrasensitive optical spectroscopy of rare earth solids (1994) (0)
- Laser saturation spectroscopy of atoms (1972) (0)
- Nonlinear Spectroscopy (1992) (0)
- High-resolution laser spectroscopy (A) (1978) (0)
- Is Your Research Moral (1969) (0)
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESULTS OF MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY FOR NUCLEAR THEORY (1952) (0)
- F a N Ew Breed of Seeds N a T I O N a L a C a D E M Y O F S C I E N C E S (0)
- Far infrared spectra of Al sub 2 O sub 3- Cr super 3 super plus and Al sub 2 O sub 3 -Ti super 3 super plus. (1967) (0)
- Laser Spectroscopy of Atoms, Molecules, and Solids (1984) (0)
- ["Atoms, Molecules, and Light"] (2008) (0)
- Doppler-Free and Ultra-High Resolution Spectroscopy (1978) (0)
- Investigation of Coherent Sources of Infrared Radiation Semiannual Status Report, Nov. 1, 1966 - Apr. 30, 1967 (1967) (0)
- Investigation of coherent sources of infrared radiation Semiannual status report, 1 Nov. 1967 - 30 Apr. 1968 (1968) (0)
- A STUDY OF OPTICAL TRANSITION PROBABILITIES AND METHODS OF MODULATING THEM. (1962) (0)
- Stanford's stand on Themis (1967) (0)
- Laser Spectroscopy, Past, Present, and Perhaps Future (1987) (0)
- Advances in Laser Spectroscopy (1984) (0)
- Lasers and man (1986) (0)
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