Carroll Izard | Academic Influence

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Carroll Izard

Psychology

#475

World Rank

#638

Historical Rank

#317

USA Rank

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Psychology

Carroll Izard's Degrees

Bachelors Psychology Duke University

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According to Wikipedia, Carroll Ellis Izard was an American research psychologist known for his contributions to differential emotions theory , and the Maximally Discriminative Affect Coding System on which he worked with Paul Ekman. Izard also undertook empirical studies into the facial feedback hypothesis according to which emotions which have different functions also cause facial expressions which in turn provide us with cues about what emotion a person is feeling. In addition, Izard constructed a multidimensional self-report measure – the Differential Emotions Scale – currently in its 4th edition . His later research focused on emotional development in young children and the development and testing of his Emotions Course for Young Children.

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Carroll Izard's Published Works

Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works

Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author

Published Works

The face of emotion (1971) (1588)
The psychology of emotions (1991) (1073)
Basic Emotions, Natural Kinds, Emotion Schemas, and a New Paradigm (2007) (915)
Basic emotions, relations among emotions, and emotion-cognition relations. (1992) (840)
Innate and universal facial expressions: evidence from developmental and cross-cultural research. (1994) (833)
Emotion Knowledge as a Predictor of Social Behavior and Academic Competence in Children at Risk (2001) (833)
Emotion theory and research: highlights, unanswered questions, and emerging issues. (2009) (793)
Four systems for emotion activation: cognitive and noncognitive processes. (1993) (791)
Emotions and emotion regulation in developmental psychopathology (1995) (653)
Emotions, cognition, and behavior (1988) (641)
Stability of emotion experiences and their relations to traits of personality. (1993) (571)
Patterns of Emotions: A New Analysis of Anxiety and Depression (1972) (478)
The Many Meanings/Aspects of Emotion: Definitions, Functions, Activation, and Regulation (2010) (433)
Facial expressions and the regulation of emotions. (1990) (358)
Kindergarten children's emotion competence as a predictor of their academic competence in first grade. (2007) (355)
Translating emotion theory and research into preventive interventions. (2002) (345)
Emotions in Personality and Psychopathology (1979) (339)
Depression in young people : developmental and clinical perspectives (1986) (312)
Perspectives on emotional development I: Differential emotions theory of early emotional development. (1987) (308)
Accelerating the development of emotion competence in Head Start children: Effects on adaptive and maladaptive behavior (2008) (294)
Family instability and the problem behaviors of children from economically disadvantaged families. (1999) (268)
Four- and six-month-old infants' visual responses to joy, anger, and neutral expressions. (1976) (267)
Emotion knowledge in economically disadvantaged children: Self-regulatory antecedents and relations to social difficulties and withdrawal (2001) (260)
Children's emotion processing: Relations to emotionality and aggression (2004) (253)
The young infant's ability to produce discrete emotion expressions. (1980) (251)
Dysphoria-related bias in maternal ratings of children. (1999) (232)
Emotional intelligence or adaptive emotions? (2001) (225)
Modeling emotional, cognitive, and behavioral predictors of peer acceptance. (2002) (220)
The Ontogeny and Significance of Infants' Facial Expressions in the First 9 Months of Life. (1995) (186)
Forms and Functions of Emotions: Matters of Emotion–Cognition Interactions (2011) (183)
Infants' emotion expressions to acute pain: Developmental change and stability of individual differences. (1987) (181)
The relations between persistent poverty and contextual risk and children's behavior in elementary school. (2004) (180)
Emotion Knowledge, Emotion Utilization, and Emotion Regulation (2011) (174)
Changes in facial expressions of 2- to 19-month-old infants following acute pain. (1983) (170)
Motivation, emotion, and personality (1985) (170)
Emotion in adult development (1984) (168)
Affective and cognitive characteristics of depression in 10- and 11-year-old children. (1985) (168)
Infants' Responses to Their Mothers' Expressions of Joy and Sadness. (1988) (161)
The relations between contextual risk, earned income, and the school adjustment of children from economically disadvantaged families. (2004) (158)
Responses of schizophrenics to expressions of the fundamental emotions. (1974) (146)
Contextual risk, caregiver emotionality, and the problem behaviors of six- and seven-year-old children from economically disadvantaged families. (1999) (145)
Emotions and facial expressions: A perspective from Differential Emotions Theory. (1997) (143)
Discriminating patterns of emotions in 10- and 11-yr-old children's anxiety and depression. (1986) (141)
Infant Cardiac Activity: Developmental Changes and Relations with Attachment. (1991) (129)
An Emotion-Based Prevention Program for Head Start Children (2004) (129)
Children’s Anger Attribution Bias: Relations to Family Environment and Social Adjustment (2000) (127)
Beyond Emotion Regulation: Emotion Utilization and Adaptive Functioning. (2008) (126)
First grade emotion knowledge as a predictor of fifth grade self-reported internalizing behaviors in children from economically disadvantaged families (2003) (126)
Emotion processes in normal and abnormal development and preventive intervention (2002) (122)
The Developmental Functions of Emotions: An Analysis in Terms of Differential Emotions Theory (1999) (121)
On the Ontogenesis of Emotions and Emotion-Cognition Relationships in Infancy (1978) (117)
Self-Organization of Discrete Emotions, Emotion Patterns, and Emotion-Cognition Relations (2000) (117)
The 5-month-old's ability to discriminate facial expressions of emotion (1985) (116)
ASPECTS OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND PERSONALITY IN TERMS OF DIFFERENTIAL EMOTIONS THEORY (1980) (115)
Interest expression, visual fixation, and heart rate changes in 2- and 8-month-old infants. (1983) (111)
Personality similarity and friendship. (1960) (110)
Children's Emotional Competence and Attentional Competence in Early Elementary School (2006) (108)
Continuity and change in levels of externalizing behavior in school of children from economically disadvantaged families. (2003) (101)
Differential Emotions Theory and Emotional Development (1998) (101)
Relation between reading problems and internalizing behavior in school for preadolescent children from economically disadvantaged families. (2007) (100)
A longitudinal study of emotion expression and personality relations in early development. (1999) (96)
Emotional determinants of infant-mother attachment. (1991) (90)
Construct Validity of the Emotion Matching Task: Preliminary Evidence for Convergent and Criterion Validity of a New Emotion Knowledge Measure for Young Children. (2010) (90)
Family structure and the externalizing behavior of children from economically disadvantaged families. (2001) (88)
Anger Perception, Caregivers’ Use of Physical Discipline, and Aggression in Children at Risk (2004) (87)
Colby's paranoia model: An old theory in a new frame? (1981) (84)
Affect, Cognition and Personality Empirical Studies (1965) (84)
Emotional development and developmental psychopathology. (1995) (83)
Maternal relationship instability and the school behavior of children from disadvantaged families. (2002) (74)
On the form and universality of the contempt expression: A challenge to Ekman and Friesen's claim of discovery (1988) (69)
Interpersonal Problem Solving in Preschool and First Grade: Developmental Change and Ecological Validity (2000) (69)
Discriminating patterns of emotions in 10- and 11-year-old children's anxiety and depression. (1986) (66)
Developmental changes in facial expressions of emotions in the strange situation during the second year of life. (2004) (65)
AFFECT AND BEHAVIOR: ANXIETY AS A NEGATIVE AFFECT. (1965) (64)
Continuities and Changes in Emotion Expressions During Brief Separation at 13 and 18 Months. (1985) (60)
The structure and functions of emotions: Implications for cognition, motivation, and personality. (1989) (60)
The development of facial expressions in infancy. (1991) (60)
The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Emotions system functioning and emotion regulation (1991) (59)
Differential emotions theory and the facial feedback hypothesis of emotion activation: Comments on Tourangeau and Ellsworth's "The role of facial response in the experience of emotion." (1981) (58)
Looking Across Domains to Understand Infant Representation of Emotion (2011) (56)
The relations between cluster indexes of risk and promotion and the problem behaviors of 6- and 7-year-old children from economically disadvantaged families. (1999) (54)
Measures of affect dimensions (2015) (50)
Emotion-based preventive intervention: Effectively promoting emotion knowledge and adaptive behavior among at-risk preschoolers (2015) (49)
Differential Emotions Theory (1977) (49)
Differential Emotions Theory and Emotional Development in Adulthood and Later Life (1996) (49)
Responsible Behavior: The Importance of Social Cognition and Emotion. (2003) (46)
Patterns of emotion expression during separation in the strange-situation procedure. (1986) (45)
Can Classroom Emotional Support Enhance Prosocial Development among Children with Depressed Caregivers (2013) (44)
Personality similarity, positive affect, and interpersonal attraction. (1960) (43)
Temperament, Cognitive Ability, Emotion Knowledge, and Adaptive Social Behavior (2000) (42)
Emotion situation knowledge in elementary school: Models of longitudinal growth and preschool correlates (2006) (41)
Theory of Mind Predicts Emotion Knowledge Development in Head Start Children (2014) (39)
Mothers' responses to infants' facial expressions of sadness, anger, and physical distress (1988) (38)
Paranoid schizophrenic and normal subjects' perceptions of photographs of human faces. (1959) (38)
The Emergence of Emotions and the Development of Consciousness in Infancy (1980) (37)
Emotion Expressions and Personality Integration in Infancy (1979) (33)
Emotions and facial expression. (1985) (31)
More Meanings and More Questions for the term “Emotion” (2010) (30)
CHAPTER SIX – A Dimensional and Discrete Emotions Investigation of the Subjective Experience of Emotion* (1972) (30)
Personality similarity and friendship: A follow-up study (1963) (30)
Promoting Student–Teacher Interactions: Exploring a Peer Coaching Model for Teachers in a Preschool Setting (2017) (27)
Unrealistic self-enhancement in paranoid schizophrenics. (1962) (27)
Chapter 3 – ANXIETY: A VARIABLE COMBINATION OF INTERACTING FUNDAMENTAL EMOTIONS1 (1972) (26)
What do smiles mean?: An analysis in terms of differential emotions theory. (2002) (25)
Extending Emotion Science to the Study of Discrete Emotions in Infants (2010) (25)
Emotion cognition in children and adolescents: introduction to the special issue. (2004) (24)
Children's social status as a function of emotionality and attention control (2009) (24)
Shyness as a Discrete Emotion (1986) (24)
Compliance, Noncompliance Strategies, and the Correlates of Compliance in 5‐year‐old Japanese and American Children (2001) (23)
The adaptation and validation of the Emotion Matching Task for preschool children in Spain (2012) (23)
Emotional Reactivity and Regulation in Head Start Children: Links to Ecologically-Valid Behaviors and Internalizing Problems. (2014) (22)
Emotion Feelings Stem from Evolution and Neurobiological Development, Not From Conceptual Acts: Corrections for Barrett et al. (2007) (2007) (21)
Emotions and Developmental Psychopathology (2015) (21)
The Substrates and Functions of Emotion Feelings (1990) (21)
Developmental changes in the use of emotion cues in a concept-formation task. (1970) (20)
Aggressor's response to the victim's facial expression of emotion (1974) (20)
Levels of emotion and levels of consciousness (2007) (20)
Patterns of emotion experiences as predictors of facial expressions of emotion. (1991) (20)
Personality characteristics of engineers as measured by the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule. (1960) (20)
THE EFFECTS OF ROLE-PLAYED EMOTION ON AFFECTIVE REACTIONS, INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING AND EVALUATIVE RATINGS OF THE ACTRESS. (1964) (19)
Sex differences in emotion recognition by observing body movements: A case of American students. (1987) (19)
Cerebral electrotherapeutic treatment of depressions. (1974) (19)
ON THE EMERGENCE, FUNCTIONS, AND REGULATION OF SOME EMOTION EXPRESSIONS IN INFANCY (1983) (18)
State and Trait Anger, Fear, and Social Information Processing (2010) (17)
Personality change during college years. (1962) (17)
Adopting the Emotions Course in the Italian Context: A Pilot Study to Test Effects on Social-Emotional Competence in Preschool Children (2017) (17)
Functions of Emotions and Emotion-Related Dysfunction (2008) (16)
Sex differences in emotional responses to erotic literature. (1974) (16)
Emotions in Personality and Culture (1983) (15)
Personality characteristics associated with resistance to change. (1960) (15)
FACIAL EXPRESSION, EMOTION, AND MOTIVATION* (1979) (13)
Response to the human face as a standard stimulus: a re-examination. (1957) (12)
The Generality—Specificity Issue in Infants' Emotion Responses: A Comment on Bennett, Bendersky, and Lewis (2002) (2004) (12)
Emotions, Emotionality, and Intelligence in the Development of Adaptive Behavior (2012) (12)
Emotions and Consciousness (1977) (11)
Anger, Disgust, and Contempt and Their Relationship to Hostility and Aggression (1977) (11)
Ability to recognize emotion in normal and mentally retarded Japanese children (1985) (11)
Adult judgments of infant emotions: Replication Studies within and across laboratories (1985) (11)
Emotions and Self-Concepts Across the Life Span (1997) (11)
Personality characteristics (EPPS), level of expectation, and performance. (1962) (11)
Effectiveness of a Forced-Choice Leadership Test Under Varied Experimental Conditions (1958) (11)
Personality, Emotion Expressions, and Rapport (1990) (10)
Cardiac rhythmicities and attention in young children. (1997) (9)
Emotionality in Early Infancy Predicts Temperament through the Second Year of Life (2000) (9)
Emotion Theory and the Role of Emotions in Anxiety in Children and Adults (2019) (9)
Development of emotion-cognition relations (1989) (9)
Patterns of Emotions and Emotion Communication in “Hostility” and Aggression (1975) (9)
Evaluative Responses to Affectively Positive and Negative Facial Photographs: Factor Structure and Construct Validity (1965) (8)
Relationship of dental cavities to general health. (1954) (8)
Response to the human face as a standard stimulus. (1953) (8)
Vocational interests of Naval Aviation Cadets. (1954) (7)
Measuring emotions in infants and children, Vol. 2. (1986) (6)
The Emotions as a Culture-Common Framework of Motivational Experiences and Communicative Cues. (1968) (6)
Emotions in Personality and Psychopathology: An Introduction (1979) (6)
Evidence from young children regarding emotional responses to music (2008) (6)
Comments on Mosher's “three dimensions of depth of involvement in human sexual response” (1981) (6)
Middle Category Response: Reliability and Relationship to Personality and Intelligence Variables (1955) (6)
The Emotions in Life and Science (1977) (5)
Distress-Anguish, Grief, and Depression (1977) (5)
Guilt, Conscience, and Morality (1977) (5)
The Development and Validation of the Behavior and Emotion Expression Observation System to Characterize Preschoolers’ Social and Emotional Interactions (2016) (5)
The cambodian crisis: reason and emotion. (1970) (5)
Personality correlates of sociometric status. (1959) (5)
Play is the thing that brings it all together (1977) (5)
Measuring emotions in infants and children : based on seminars sponsored by the Committee on Social and Affective Development During Childhood of the Social Science Research Council (1982) (4)
CHAPTER FIVE – An Empirical Analysis of Anxiety in Terms of Discrete Emotions (1972) (4)
Children's Emotional Memories: An Analysis in Terms of Differential Emotions Theory (1999) (4)
Emotion–cognition interplay in motivating and guiding plans and actions: Commentary on Mcclure-Tone’s socioemotional functioning in bipolar disorder. (2009) (4)
Many ways to awareness: A developmental perspective on cognitive access (2007) (4)
PERSONALITY PROFILE SIMILARITY AS A FUNCTION OF GROUP MEMBERSHIP. (1963) (4)
CHAPTER TEN – Depression as a Pattern of Emotions and Feelings: Factor-Analytic Investigations* (1972) (4)
Theoretical Perspectives on Emotions in Developmental Disabilities (1981) (3)
Emotions Without Feelings (1984) (3)
Emotions and emotion cognition contribute to the construction and understanding of mind (2004) (3)
Lawful processes in naturally occurring emotions (2004) (3)
Brain, emotions, and emotion-cognition relations (2005) (3)
Emotions and facial expression. (1985) (3)
Appraisals of emotion-eliciting events : Testing a theory of discrete emotions (1993) (3)
Theories of Emotion and Emotion-Behavior Relationships (1977) (3)
Interest-Excitement as Fundamental Motivation (1977) (3)
UNDERSTANDING FACIAL EXPRESSIONS OF EMOTION (1989) (3)
Emotions, Consciousness, and Emotion—Cognition Relations (1991) (2)
Reinforcement, emotion, and consciousness (2000) (2)
EFFECTS OF AFFECTIVE PICTURE STIMULI ON THE LEARNING, PERCEPTION, AND AFFECTIVE SCALE VALUES OF PREVIOUSLY NEUTRAL WORDS. (1963) (2)
The Processing of Emotion Expression Information from Faces by Infants. (2010) (2)
Fear and the Forms of Anxiety (1977) (2)
Editorial: studies of the development of emotion-cognition relations (1989) (2)
Face the Facts about the Face. (1973) (2)
CHAPTER THREE – Anxiety as a Variable Combination of Interacting Fundamental Emotions (1972) (2)
Basic Principles and Methods in the Psychology of Emotions (1977) (2)
Continuity and change in infants' facial expressions following an unanticipated aversive stimulus (2002) (2)
The Psychology of Emotion Comes of Age on the Coattails of Darwin. (1982) (2)
Interest—Excitement: Activation, Expression, and Experience (1991) (1)
On the Origins and Functions of Emotions (1991) (1)
Fear and Anxiety (1991) (1)
THE EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTER ATTITUDES AND FEELINGS ON RESPONSE TO PAINFUL STIMULATION. (1964) (1)
CHAPTER FOUR – Differential Emotion Theory in Relation to Classical Psychoanalytic and Cognitive Theories of Emotion and Anxiety (1972) (1)
Emotion variables as personality traits (1984) (1)
Spelling Errors in text copying and in dictation by children with ADHD symptoms and controls (2013) (1)
The Face, The Fundamental Emotions, and Affect Interactions (1977) (1)
Disgust and contempt (1991) (1)
Brain systems, emotions, and psychology. (1998) (1)
A Commentary on Emotion Expression in Early Development: An Alternative to Zivin's Framework. (1986) (1)
Reliability of responses to pictures of peers. (1956) (1)
AFFECT, PERSON-PERCEPTION, AND BEHAVIOR (1963) (1)
THE PICTURE DESCRIPTION TEST: RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF A HOMOGENEOUS SCALE. (1965) (1)
CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF A MULTIPLE-CHOICE SENTENCE COMPLETION TEST (1953) (1)
Ralph V. Exline (1922-1993): Obituary. (1995) (1)
Needed Research on the Emotions as Variables in Teaching, Learning, and the Development of Social Skills. A Special Report of the USOE-Sponsored Grant Study: Critical Apparisal of Research in the Personality-Emotions-Motivation Domain. IBR Report No. 73-23. (1973) (1)
THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE IN GREATER CLEVELAND (1959) (1)
The role of emotions in a systems view of depression (1985) (1)
Human ethology and the ontogeny of emotional expressions (1979) (1)
Managing human emotions. (1998) (1)
CHAPTER ELEVEN – Differential Emotion Theory and the Empirical Analysis of Depression (1972) (1)
CORRELATES OF PEER LEADERSHIP RATINGS. 1. MEDICAL COMPLAINTS (1954) (1)
The Body and the Emotions : Anger , Disgust and Contempt (2017) (0)
Enjoyment—Joy: A Force for Psychological Well-Being and Social Bonds (1991) (0)
THE EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTER-AND PARTNERINDUCED AFFECT ON DYADIC PERFORMANCE. (1965) (0)
THE EFFECT OF NATURAL AND INDUCED AFFECT ON AUTONOMIC AND INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING (1963) (0)
[Smoking without risk: utopia or reality?]. (1978) (0)
It Works: But Can You Prove it? (1980) (0)
Cognition and Emotion: Would the Real Motivational Construct Please Stand Up? (1993) (0)
Interest-Excitement and Intrinsic Motivation (1977) (0)
Some Pieces on an Integrative Theme and Some Pieces Missing. (1978) (0)
Emotions from a Different Perspective. (1989) (0)
Evolution, Biopsychology, and Emotions (1995) (0)
Many interesting roads but few connectors. (1993) (0)
Children without make-believe. (1969) (0)
Emotions and Early Education: A Commentary (1996) (0)
Response : Vietnam: Judged by Reason (1970) (0)
Trigger is not a keg of gunpowder, or what starts an emotion may not be what keeps it going. (1979) (0)
'Fundamental emotion' defined. (1975) (0)
CHAPTER SEVEN – Neurophysiological and Biochemical Factors in Depression (1972) (0)
Letter to the editor. (1970) (0)
Adopting the Emotions Course in the Italian Context: A Pilot Study to Test Effects on Social-Emotional Competence in Preschool Children (2016) (0)
It's All in How You See it, But the Way You Feel may Color Your View. (1976) (0)
Emotion Matching Task--Spanish Version (2014) (0)
Emotions Explained Through Figures of Speech. (1991) (0)
Expressive Actions: Their Origins and Functions. (1986) (0)
Cumulative Contents Volume 7, 1995 (1995) (0)
Promoting Student–Teacher Interactions: Exploring a Peer Coaching Model for Teachers in a Preschool Setting (2016) (0)
Sex differences in emotion expression: Developmental, epigenetic, and cultural factors (2009) (0)
CHANGES IN PERCEPTION OF AND EMOTIONAL RESPONSE TO STIMULI AS A FUNCTION OF PAIRING WITH POSITIVE AFFECT (1964) (0)
CHAPTER TWO – The Neurophysiology and Biochemistry of Fear and Anxiety (1972) (0)
Book Review:The Cognitive Structure of Emotions. Andrew Ortony, Gerald L. Clore, Allan Collins (1990) (0)
AFFECTIVE FACTORS IN THE STEREOSCOPIC PERCEPTION OF PERSONS AND OBJECTS. (1966) (0)
VOCATIONAL INTERESTS OF NAVAL AVIATION CADETS: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS (1953) (0)
Two Views of Human Facial Expression. (1996) (0)
Attributing emotions to false beliefs: Development across discrete emotions (2017) (0)
Emotions, Drives, and Behavior (1977) (0)
Defining Emotions and Their Relations to Cognition, Action, and Personality (1991) (0)
Sadness in Grief and Depression (1991) (0)
Interest-Excitement: Development, Social Relations, and Personality (1991) (0)
MIDDLE CATEGORY (DOUBLE PRIME QUESTION MARK DOUBLE PRIME) RESPONSE: RELIABILITY AND RELATIONSHIP TO PERSONALITY AND INTELLIGENCE VARIABLES (1953) (0)
CHAPTER ONE – The Emotions and Their Neurophysiological Substrates (1972) (0)
Some Parts of the Emotions Elephant: Do They Make a Whole? (1997) (0)
Carving behavioral nature at its joints (1995) (0)
Emotion Researchers Can't Go Home Again. (1988) (0)
The irrepressible phenomenon of repression: A challenge to clinicians and cognitive Scientists. (1991) (0)
Shame and Shyness (1977) (0)
CHAPTER NINE – Biogenetic, Sociocultural, and Cognitive Factors in Depression (1972) (0)
THE PICTURE DESCRIPTION TEST: A PRELIMINARY REPORT (1963) (0)
CHAPTER EIGHT – Psychoanalytic Theories of Depression (1972) (0)
Economically Disadvantaged Children With Reading Difficulties Are at Risk for Comorbid Internalizing Symptoms: (721422007-011) (2007) (0)
From stimulus-bound emotive command systems to drive-free emotions (1982) (0)

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