Charles Brainerd | Academic Influence

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Charles Brainerd

Psychology

#599

World Rank

#780

Historical Rank

Cognitive Psychology

#119

World Rank

#123

Historical Rank

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Psychology

Charles Brainerd's Degrees

PhD Psychology University of California, Santa Cruz
Masters Psychology University of California, Santa Cruz
Bachelors Psychology University of California, Santa Cruz

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Why Is Charles Brainerd Influential?

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According to Wikipedia, Charles Jon Brainerd is an American psychologist and professor in the College of Human Ecology at Cornell University. He is known for developing fuzzy-trace theory with his wife and colleague, Valerie F. Reyna. He serves as editor-in-chief of the peer-reviewed scientific journal Developmental Review.

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Charles Brainerd's Published Works

Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works

Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author

Published Works

Fuzzy-trace theory: An interim synthesis (1995) (1089)
Behavioral Development and Construct Validity: The Principle of Aggregation (1983) (958)
The science of false memory (2005) (554)
Fuzzy-Trace Theory and False Memory (2002) (547)
The stage question in cognitive-developmental theory (1978) (482)
Numeracy, Ratio Bias, and Denominator Neglect in Judgments of Risk and Probability. (2008) (435)
Gist is the grist: Fuzzy-trace theory and the new intuitionism☆ (1990) (431)
Fuzzy-trace theory and framing effects in choice: Gist extraction, truncation, and conversion (1991) (328)
Developmental reversals in false memory: a review of data and theory. (2008) (314)
Dual Processes in Decision Making and Developmental Neuroscience: A Fuzzy-Trace Model. (2011) (289)
The importance of mathematics in health and human judgment: Numeracy, risk communication, and medical decision making (2007) (281)
Fuzzy-trace theory and children's false memories. (1998) (256)
Recollection rejection: false-memory editing in children and adults. (2003) (228)
Piaget's theory of intelligence (1978) (223)
Conjoint recognition and phantom recollection. (2001) (218)
FALSE-RECOGNITION REVERSAL: WHEN SIMILARITY IS DISTINCTIVE (1995) (215)
The development of forgetting and reminiscence. (1990) (212)
Fuzzy-trace theory: dual processes in memory, reasoning, and cognitive neuroscience. (2001) (199)
Judgments and explanations as criteria for the presence of cognitive structures. (1973) (196)
AreYoung children susceptible to the false-memory illusion? (2002) (186)
How Does Negative Emotion Cause False Memories? (2008) (182)
Memory independence and memory interference in cognitive development. (1993) (179)
When Things That Were Never Experienced Are Easier To “Remember” Than Things That Were (1998) (177)
Fuzzy-trace theory and memory development (2004) (169)
Emerging Perspectives on Judgment and Decision Research: Memory, Development, and Rationality: An Integrative Theory of Judgment and Decision Making (2003) (148)
Cognitive Development in Adulthood (1988) (148)
Cognitive development in adulthood : progress in cognitive development research (1988) (145)
Mere memory testing creates false memories in children. (1996) (141)
Dual-retrieval processes in free and associative recall. (2002) (138)
The origins of probability judgment: A review of data and theories. (1994) (135)
Are Children's False Memories More Persistent than their True Memories? (1995) (135)
Behavioral measurement of remembering phenomenologies: so simple a child can do it. (2004) (134)
Developmental reversals in false memory: Effects of emotional valence and arousal. (2010) (128)
Fuzzy-trace theory and false memory: new frontiers. (1998) (121)
Conjoint recognition. (1999) (121)
Development of Long-Term Retention (2011) (115)
Do children have to remember to reason? A fuzzy-trace theory of transitivity development (1984) (114)
Working memory and the developmental analysis of probability judgment. (1981) (110)
Alternatives to Piaget: Critical essays on the theory (1978) (104)
Experimental inductions of the conservation of "first-order" quantitative invariants. (1971) (104)
Recollection rejection: how children edit their false memories. (2002) (102)
Development of children's long-term retention (1989) (102)
Basic processes in memory development : progress in cognitive development research (1985) (101)
Children's memory for witnessed events: The developmental backdrop. (1991) (100)
Fuzzy-trace theory: Some foundational issues (1995) (99)
Semantic processing in “associative” false memory (2008) (98)
On the development of forgetting. (1985) (97)
On the independence of short-term memory and working memory in cognitive development (1985) (95)
Order of Acquisition of Transitivity, Conservation, and Class Inclusion of Length and Weight. (1973) (92)
Memory loci of suggestibility development: Comment on Ceci, Ross, and Toglia (1987). (1988) (89)
Development of the false-memory illusion. (2006) (87)
Effects of Constructive and Dramatic Play on Perspective Taking in Very Young Children. (1979) (86)
Fuzzy-trace theory and children's acquisition of mathematical and scientific concepts (1991) (86)
How Fuzzy-Trace Theory Predicts True and False Memories for Words, Sentences, and Narratives. (2016) (85)
New perspectives on interference and inhibition in cognition: Final comments (1995) (84)
Children’s Logical and Mathematical Cognition (1982) (83)
Fuzzy processing in transitivity development (1990) (82)
Cognitive Learning and Memory in Children (1985) (81)
Autosuggestibility in Memory Development (1995) (81)
Training and Transfer of Transitivity, Conservation, and Class Inclusion of Length. (1974) (81)
The origins of the number concept (1979) (79)
Inclusion illusions: Fuzzy-trace theory and perceptual salience effects in cognitive development (1990) (78)
Output-interference theory of dual-task deficits in memory development (1989) (76)
Emotion and false memory: The context-content paradox. (2016) (76)
Markovian Interpretations of Conservation Learning. (1979) (73)
Cognitive development and concept learning: An interpretative review. (1977) (71)
Development of Verbatim and Gist Memory for Numbers. (1994) (70)
Basic Processes in Memory Development (1985) (68)
A methodological analysis of developmental studies of identity conservation and equivalence conservation. (1975) (67)
Trichotomous processes in early memory development, aging, and neurocognitive impairment: a unified theory. (2009) (65)
Neo-Piagetian training experiments revisited: Is there any support for the cognitive-developmental stage hypothesis? (1973) (64)
On the development of conscious and unconscious memory. (1998) (62)
The general theory of two-stage learning: A mathematical review with illustrations from memory development. (1982) (61)
Effects of emotional valence and arousal on recollective and nonrecollective recall. (2013) (59)
Explaining Developmental Reversals in False Memory (2007) (59)
Children's and adults' spontaneous false memories: long-term persistence and mere-testing effects. (1998) (57)
Young Children's Mental Arithmetic Errors: A Working-Memory Analysis. (1983) (56)
Theoretical and forensic implications of developmental studies of the DRM illusion (2011) (54)
How Reasoning, Judgment, and Decision Making are Colored by Gist-based Intuition: A Fuzzy-Trace Theory Approach. (2015) (53)
Explaining “Memory Free” Reasoning 1 (1992) (51)
Recent Advances in Cognitive-Developmental Theory (1983) (51)
Learning rate, learning opportunities, and the development of forgetting. (1995) (50)
Reliability of Children's Testimony in the Era of Developmental Reversals. (2012) (50)
Domains of Fuzzy-Trace Theory (1993) (50)
The two recollections. (2014) (49)
Is the apolipoprotein e genotype a biomarker for mild cognitive impairment? Findings from a nationally representative study. (2011) (48)
Model-Based Approaches to Storage and Retrieval Development (1985) (47)
Varieties of False Memory (2005) (46)
Verbal Processes in Children (1982) (45)
Attention to global gist processing eliminates age effects in false memories. (2008) (45)
Forward association, backward association, and the false-memory illusion. (2005) (44)
Generic Resources, Reconstructive Processing, and Children's Mental Arithmetic (1988) (44)
Chapter 3 Fuzzy Memory and Mathematics in The Classroom (1993) (44)
Response Criteria in Concept Development Research. (1977) (44)
Verbal processes in children : progress in cognitive development research (1982) (44)
An identifiable model of two-stage learning☆ (1982) (41)
The Origins of Number Concepts (1973) (41)
Children's Logical and Mathematical Cognition: Progress in Cognitive Development Research. (1982) (40)
Fuzzy-Trace Theory and Lifespan Cognitive Development. (2015) (40)
The apolipoprotein E genotype predicts longitudinal transitions to mild cognitive impairment but not to Alzheimer's dementia: findings from a nationally representative study. (2013) (39)
The memory independence effect : what do the data show ? what do the theories claim ? (1992) (39)
Long-term survival of children's false memories: A review (1997) (39)
Stages-of-learning analysis of picture-word effects in associative memory. (1981) (38)
Mathematical and Behavioral Foundations of Number (1973) (37)
AN ANALYSIS OF TWO PROPOSED SOURCES OF CHILDREN'S CLASS INCLUSION ERRORS (1974) (36)
Development of organization in recall: A stages-of-learning analysis ☆ (1985) (36)
Recall of details never experienced: Effects of age, repetition, and semantic cues (2008) (36)
Formal methods in developmental psychology : progress in cognitive development research (1987) (36)
Order of Acquisition of Number and Quantity Conservation. (1972) (36)
Recollection rejection of false narrative statements (2006) (35)
Developmental reversals in false memory: now you see them, now you don't! (2011) (35)
Children's eyewitness memory for multiple real-life events. (2009) (34)
Superposition of Episodic Memories: Overdistribution and Quantum Models (2013) (33)
Recollective and Nonrecollective Recall. (2010) (32)
Postmortem on judgments, explanations, and Piagetian cognitive structures. (1974) (32)
Stages-of-learning analysis of developmental interactions in memory, with illustrations from developmental interactions in picture-word effects☆ (1982) (32)
Three-state models of memory development: A review of advances in statistical methodology (1985) (32)
On the measurement of storage and retrieval contributions to memory development (1984) (31)
Working-Memory Systems and Cognitive Development (1983) (31)
Emotionally Negative Pictures Enhance Gist Memory (2017) (31)
Cognitive and Behavioral Performance Factors in Atypical Aging (1990) (30)
False Memory in Children: Data, Theory, and Legal Implications (2007) (30)
Output interference, generic resources, and cognitive development (1989) (30)
Developmental Reversals in False Memory (2013) (30)
Episodic over-distribution: A signature effect of familiarity without recollection (2008) (30)
Reinforcement and reversibility in quantity conservation acquisition (1972) (28)
Distinguishing true from false memories in forensic contexts: Can phenomenology tell us what is real? (2010) (28)
Can age × learnability interactions explain the development of forgetting? (1990) (28)
Fuzzy-trace theory and false memory: Memory theory in the courtroom. (2000) (27)
Remembering in contradictory minds: disjunction fallacies in episodic memory. (2010) (27)
Children’s Concept Learning as Rule-Sampling Systems with Markovian Properties (1982) (26)
Formal Methods in Developmental Psychology (1987) (26)
Structures-of-the-Whole and Elementary Education. (1975) (26)
Feedback, Rule Knowledge, and Conservation Learning. (1977) (25)
Developmental Invariance in a Mathematical Model of Associative Learning. (1980) (25)
Storage-retrieval processes of normal and learning-disabled children: a stages-of-learning analysis of picture-word effects. (1985) (24)
Memory for Everyday and Emotional Events (2013) (24)
Is retrievability grouping good for recall (1993) (24)
The Last shall be First: How Memory Strength Affects Children's Retrieval (1990) (23)
Overdistribution in source memory. (2012) (23)
Children's cognitive triage: optimal retrieval or effortful processing? (1990) (23)
Does Prior Knowledge of the Compensation Rule Increase Susceptibility to Conservation Training (1976) (23)
Fuzzy Trace Theory and “Smart” False Memories: Implications for Advertising (2014) (22)
The Development of the Proportionality Scheme in Children and Adolescents. (1971) (21)
The Emotional-Ambiguity Hypothesis: A Large-Scale Test (2018) (21)
Training and Generalization of Density Conservation: Effects of Feedback and Consecutive Similar Stimuli. (1971) (21)
The age-stage issue in conservation acquisition (1972) (21)
Structural Invariance in the Developmental Analysis of Learning (1983) (21)
Interference processes in memory development: The case of cognitive triage (1995) (20)
Jean Piaget, learning research, and American education. (2003) (20)
Episodic Memory Does Not Add Up: Verbatim-Gist Superposition Predicts Violations of the Additive Law of Probability. (2015) (20)
A developmental study of Piaget's groupement model of the emergence of speed and time concepts. (1975) (19)
Effects of Spatial Cues on Children's Cardinal Number Judgments. (1977) (19)
Cognitive Development Is Abrupt (but Not Stage-Like). (1993) (19)
Dual recollection in episodic memory. (2015) (19)
On the validity of propositional logic as a model for adolescent intelligence (1976) (19)
Fuzzy-Trace Theory and Cognitive Triage in Memory Development (1991) (18)
Explaining category interference effects in associative memory (1984) (18)
Dual-retrieval models and neurocognitive impairment. (2014) (17)
Interpreting Associative-Learning Stages. (1980) (17)
Cognitive learning and memory in children : progress in cognitive development research (1985) (17)
A Further Test of the Ordinal Theory of Number Development (1975) (17)
Developmental Reversals in False Memory: Development Is Complementary, Not Compensatory (2018) (17)
Item method directed forgetting diminishes false memory (2005) (17)
Nonstrategic facilitation of children's recall: evidence of triage with semantically related information. (1994) (16)
Dropping the Other U: An Alternative Approach to U-Shaped Developmental Functions (2004) (16)
The Cognitive Interview: Research and Practice across the Lifespan (2009) (16)
Voices of Children. (1997) (15)
Debate: Structures-of-the-Whole and Elementary Education1 (1975) (15)
Rejoinder to Bingham-Newman and Hooper (1975) (15)
Spread of encoding and the development of organization in memory. (1986) (14)
Piaget: A Centennial Celebration (1996) (13)
Development of Dual-Retrieval Processes in Recall: Learning, Forgetting, and Reminiscence. (2012) (13)
Optimization versus Effortful Processing in Children's Cognitive Triage: Criticisms, Reanalyses, and New Data. (1993) (13)
Structural/process models of complex human behavior : [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Structural/Process Theories of Complex Human Behavior, Banff, Alberta, Canada, June 18-26, 1977] (1978) (13)
Development of geometric imagery in five- to eight-year-olds. (1974) (13)
Localizing the development of ability differences in organized memory (1989) (13)
Effects of Group and Individualized Dramatic Play Training on Cognitive Development (1982) (12)
More on the Identity--Equivalence Sequence: An Update and Some Replies to Miller. (1978) (12)
The Psychology of Human-Computer Mismatches (2001) (12)
Complementarity in False Memory Illusions (2017) (12)
Understanding Developmental Reversals in False Memory: Reply to Ghetti (2008) and Howe (2008). (2008) (11)
An attentional analysis of small cardinal number concepts in five-year-olds. (1979) (11)
Fuzzy-Trace Theory, False Memory, and the Law (2019) (11)
Prognostic value of concordant seizure focus localizing data in the selection of temporal lobectomy candidates (2002) (10)
Replication, Registration, and Scientific Creativity (2018) (10)
Continuity and Discontinuity Hypotheses in Studies of Conservation. (1970) (10)
Conjunction illusions and conjunction fallacies in episodic memory. (2014) (10)
Murder must memorise (2013) (10)
Inducing ordinal and cardinal representations of the first five natural numbers (1974) (10)
The Origins of All-or-None Learning. (1978) (10)
Semantic ambiguity and memory (2021) (9)
Semantic and phonological false memory: A review of theory and data (2021) (9)
Cognitive development and instructional theory (1978) (9)
Recollection Is Fast and Slow (2019) (9)
From association to gist. (2020) (8)
The Semantics of Emotion in False Memory (2019) (8)
Invariant sequences, explanation, and other stage criteria: reflections and replies (1978) (8)
Stress, Arousal, and Children's Eyewitness Memory (2013) (8)
On the relationship between memory and judgment in opinion change (1987) (8)
Further replies on invariant sequences, explanation, and other stage criteria (1979) (7)
Markovian Interpretations of Dual Retrieval Processes. (2014) (7)
Interviewing vulnerable witnesses. (2008) (7)
Reply: Issues and Questions in the Development of Forgetting. (1990) (6)
Theoretical Explanations of False Memory (2005) (6)
The role of phantom recollection in false recall (2012) (5)
Emotional ambiguity and memory. (2020) (5)
Overdistribution Illusions: Categorical Judgments Produce Them, Confidence Ratings Reduce Them (2017) (5)
Varieties of Strategy Training in Piagetian Concept Learning (1983) (5)
Explaining risky choices with judgments: Framing, the zero effect, and the contextual relativity of gist. (2021) (4)
Association and dissociation between judgments of learning and memory: A Meta-analysis of the font size effect (2022) (4)
Structural Measurement Theory and Cognitive Development (1987) (4)
Beyond universals in cognitive development: By David H. Feldman. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex, 1980. xx + 204 pp., $17.50☆ (1981) (4)
Recent advances in cognitive-developmental theory : progress in cognitive development research (1983) (4)
Developmental Review’s most influential articles (2006) (4)
Structures-of-the-Whole: Is There Any Glue to Hold the Concrete-Operational "Stage" Together?. (1974) (4)
Imagery as a dependent variable. (1971) (4)
Explaining Recollection Without Remembering (2018) (4)
Norms for emotion-false memory lists (2020) (4)
B. The role of structures in explaining behavioral development (1976) (3)
Dual Processes in Memory Development: Fuzzy‐Trace Theory (2013) (3)
Kissing Cousins but not identical twins: The denominator neglect and base-rate respect models (2007) (3)
On the Consequences of Type I and Type II Criterion Errors in Concept Development Research. (1974) (3)
Fuzzy-trace theory and false memory: Meta-analysis of conjoint recognition. (2021) (3)
Disjunction and conjunction fallacies in episodic memory (2017) (3)
V curves in memory development (1988) (3)
The science of law and memory. (2012) (3)
Measuring the Ordination→Cardination Sequence (1976) (3)
Developmental Trends in Spontaneous False Memory, with Implications for the Law (2008) (3)
The Concept of Structure in Cognitive-Developmental Theory. (1974) (3)
Super-overdistribution (2019) (3)
Explaining complementarity in false memory (2020) (3)
The Stage-Learning Hypothesis: Strategies for Instructional Design. (1982) (2)
Complementary Perspectives@@@Acquisition of Mathematics Concepts and Processes@@@Children's Logical and Mathematical Cognition: Progress in Cognitive Development Research@@@The Development of Mathematical Thinking (1984) (2)
Concerning Macnamara's Analysis of Piaget's Theory of Number. (1976) (2)
Recapitulationism, Piaget, and the evolution of intelligence: déjà vu (1979) (2)
"Memory independence and memory interference in cognitive development": Correction. (1993) (2)
Fuzzy universality of probability judgment (2014) (2)
Verbatim editing: A general model of recollection rejection. (2019) (2)
Controlling False Memories with Opponent Processes (2005) (1)
Deep memory distortions (2021) (1)
How does attribute ambiguity improve memory? (2022) (1)
Prior Knowledge of Rules in Concept Learning. (1975) (1)
Norming retrieval processes (2020) (1)
Behavioral development underdetermined. (1974) (1)
Prolegomena to children's false memories (1997) (1)
Theory and Processes in Memory Development: Childhood to Adolescence (2013) (1)
Factor analyses of the ADNI neuropsychological battery: An examination of diagnostic and longitudinal invariance. (2021) (1)
Perceived experiential correlates of apperceptively measured self-evaluations and effects in the late adolescent female. (1969) (1)
Plaget's Construction of the Child's Reality. Susan Sugarman. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1987. vii, 258 pp. $34.50. (1988) (1)
A fundamental asymmetry in human memory: Old ≠ not-new and new ≠ not-old. (2021) (1)
Response to bond (1978) (1)
False Memory in Psychotherapy (2005) (1)
Development of RecollectionA Fuzzy-Trace Theory Perspective (2012) (1)
The big three: Accuracy, organization, and retrieval effects of latent semantic attributes. (2023) (1)
False Memory in Criminal Investigation (2005) (1)
Memory effects of semantic attributes: A method of controlling attribute contamination. (2022) (1)
TITLE Structures-ofthe-Whole : Is There Any Glue to Hold the Concrete-Operational " stage " Together ? (2011) (0)
HD4140/6140 Course Syllabus - Spring 2009 (2009) (0)
The Role of Structures in Explaining Behavioral Development. (2017) (0)
Gist Effects of Emotion on True and False Memory: (527342012-188) (2013) (0)
Modeling Cognition on the Other Side of the Atlantic. (1987) (0)
THE EFFECTS OF MOOD ON SEMANTIC MEMORY FOR WORD EMOTIONAL CONTENT A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (2010) (0)
Predicting conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease with multimodal latent factors (2022) (0)
The role of phantom recollection in false recall (2012) (0)
Biography: Charles Brainerd (2009) (0)
HD414 Course Syllabus - Spring 2006 (2006) (0)
HD3190 Course Syllabus - Fall 2011 (2012) (0)
Identity and Reversibility Reprised. (1976) (0)
HD319 Course Syllabus - Fall 2009 (2009) (0)
Reliability Is not Readiness (2020) (0)
The font size effect depends on inter-item relation. (2023) (0)
Task descriptions and circularity (1982) (0)
Deep distortion (2020) (0)
Piaget and Education (1984) (0)
FORGETTING AND REMINISCENCE (2016) (0)
17 False Memory in Children : Data , Theory , and Legal Implications (2006) (0)
The Development of Implication-Reasoning in Children and Adolescents. (1974) (0)
Piaget for the Uninitiated. (1974) (0)
La investigación en aprendizaje y la teoría piagetiana (1981) (0)
Norms for emotion-false memory lists (2020) (0)
Piaget Under Scrutiny: Plaget's Construction of the Child's Reality . Susan Sugarman. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1987. vii, 258 pp. $34.50 (1988) (0)
Sources of Working-Memory Error in Children’s Mental Arithmetic (2018) (0)
Researchers Connect Gene to Precondition for Alzheimer's (2011) (0)
The Concept of Structure in Coghitive 7 DeveloRiental Theory (2007) (0)
Studdent guide to human development (1970) (0)
False Memory (2021) (0)
Children's false memories redux (1997) (0)
Over-Distribution in Source Memory (2012) (0)
The recognition effects of attribute ambiguity. (2023) (0)
Some Growing Tips (2005) (0)
end of year reviewer list (2015) (0)
HD319/619 Course Syllabus - Fall 2007 (2007) (0)
Children’s Forgetting with Implications for Memory Suggestibility (2018) (0)
Acknowledgement of Reviewers (2003) (0)
A worthy addition. (1976) (0)
Modifiability of cognitive development1 (2017) (0)
Book Review:New Directions in Piagetian Theory and Practice Irving E. Sigel, David M. Brodzinsky, Roberta M. Golinkoff (1983) (0)
Afterword: Exploring and Shaping Public Policy (2013) (0)
Changed-goal or cue-strengthening? Examining the reactivity of judgments of learning with the dual-retrieval model (2022) (0)
Charles Brainerd Faculty Bio (2015) (0)
HD4260 Course Syllabus - Spring 2012 (2012) (0)
Formal Models of Continuity, Discontinuity, and Partial Discontinuity for Behavioral Development. (1974) (0)

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