Charles H. Townes | Academic Influence

Charles H. Townes's AcademicInfluence.com Rankings

Charles H. Townes

Physics

#145

World Rank

#287

Historical Rank

#76

USA Rank

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Physics

Charles H. Townes's Degrees

Bachelors Physics Furman University
Masters Physics Duke University
PhD Physics California Institute of Technology

Why Is Charles H. Townes Influential?

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According to Wikipedia, Charles Hard Townes was an American physicist. Townes worked on the theory and application of the maser, for which he obtained the fundamental patent, and other work in quantum electronics associated with both maser and laser devices. He shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nikolay Basov and Alexander Prokhorov. Townes was an adviser to the United States Government, meeting every US president from Harry S. Truman to Bill Clinton .

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Charles H. Townes's Published Works

Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works

Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author

Published Works

Infrared and optical masers (1958) (1390)
Stark Effect in Rapidly Varying Fields (1955) (1213)
Determination of Electronic Structure of Molecules from Nuclear Quadrupole Effects (1949) (835)
The Maser—New Type of Microwave Amplifier, Frequency Standard, and Spectrometer (1955) (527)
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering and Coherent Generation of Intense Hypersonic Waves (1964) (476)
Molecular Microwave Oscillator and New Hyperfine Structure in the Microwave Spectrum of N H-3 (1954) (385)
The 158 micron forbidden C II line - A measure of global star formation activity in galaxies (1991) (359)
Detection of NH sub 3 molecules in the interstellar medium by their microwave emission. (1968) (308)
Characteristics of dust shells around 13 late-type stars. (1994) (293)
Detection of Water in Interstellar Regions by its Microwave Radiation (1969) (278)
The Ionic Character of Diatomic Molecules (1955) (255)
Fluctuations in Amplification of Quanta with Application to Maser Amplifiers (1957) (249)
Self-steepening of light pulses. (1967) (243)
The nature of the central parsec of the Galaxy (1982) (209)
[C II] 158 Micron Observations of IC 10: Evidence for Hidden Molecular Hydrogen in Irregular Galaxies (1997) (196)
Microwave Spectra of the Free Radicals OH and OD (1955) (195)
Far-infrared spectroscopy of galaxies - The 158 micron C(+) line and the energy balance of molecular clouds (1985) (188)
Isotopic Mass Ratios, Magnetic Moments and the Sign of the Electric Dipole Moment in Carbon Monoxide (1958) (178)
Physical conditions, dynamics, and mass distribution in the center of the galaxy (1987) (172)
Neutral gas in the central 2 parsecs of the Galaxy (1993) (168)
Coherently Driven Molecular Vibrations and Light Modulation (1963) (165)
Dynamics and characteristics of the self- trapping of intense light beams. (1966) (157)
MICROWAVE SPECTRA OF THE ALKALI HALIDES (1954) (154)
The nucleus of our Galaxy (1994) (149)
Interstellar Molecules and Dense Clouds (1971) (149)
Observations of the motion and distribution of the ionized gas in the central parsec of the galaxy. II (1979) (133)
Further Aspects of the Theory of the Maser (1956) (126)
The Effect of Electronic Paramagnetism on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Frequencies in Metals (1950) (124)
Nuclear Quadrupole Effects and Electronic Structure of Molecules in the Solid State (1952) (122)
Test of special relativity or of the isotropy of space by use of infrared masers. (1964) (119)
High-Resolution Imaging of Dust Shells by Using Keck Aperture Masking and the IOTA Interferometer (2004) (106)
Frequency Stability of He-Ne Masers and Measurements of Length (1963) (105)
The Berkeley Infrared Spatial Interferometer: A Heterodyne Stellar Interferometer for the Mid-Infrared (2000) (102)
Report to The American Physical Society of the study group on science and technology of directed energy weapons (1987) (102)
Interstellar and Interplanetary Communication by Optical Masers (1961) (101)
Structure of the Methyl Halides (1952) (99)
How the Laser Happened: Adventures of a Scientist (1999) (98)
STIMULATED BRILLOUIN SCATTERING IN LIQUIDS1 (1964) (97)
The neutral-gas disk around the galactic center (1985) (96)
158 micron forbidden C II mapping of NGC 6946 - Probing the atomic medium (1993) (95)
158 micron forbidden C II mapping of the Orion molecular cloud (1993) (93)
Distribution of Ammonia Density, Velocity, and Rotational Excitation in the Region of Sagittarius B2 (1969) (82)
Microwave Spectra of Some Linear XYZ Molecules (1948) (81)
Molecular Dipole Moments and Stark Effects. III. Dipole Moment Determinations (1950) (81)
HYPERFINE STRUCTURE IN THE SPECTRUM OF N$sup 14$H$sub 3$. II. THEORETICAL DISCUSSION (1954) (77)
A pumping mechanism for anomalous microwave absorption in formaldehyde in interstellar space. (1969) (77)
A New Experimental Test of Special Relativity (1958) (76)
Nonspherical Structures and Temporal Variations in the Dust Shell of o Ceti Observed with a Long Baseline Interferometer at 11 microns (1997) (71)
Small-scale trapped filaments in intense laser beams. (1968) (69)
Atmospheric Fluctuations: Empirical Structure Functions and Projected Performance of Future Instruments (1992) (68)
First Surface-resolved Results with the Infrared Optical Telescope Array Imaging Interferometer: Detection of Asymmetries in Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars (2006) (67)
Calculation of Nuclear Quadrupole Effects in Molecules (1948) (65)
Mid-Infrared Interferometry on Spectral Lines. III. Ammonia and Silane around IRC +10216 and VY Canis Majoris (2000) (61)
Detection of interstellar OH in the far-infrared (1981) (58)
Sparse-aperture adaptive optics (2006) (57)
Molecular Dipole Moments and Stark Effects. II. Stark Effects in OCS (1950) (56)
6A1 - A new class of trapped light filaments (1966) (55)
Connections between molecular structure and certain magnetic effects in molecules (1955) (54)
The Ammonia Spectrum and Line Shapes Near 1.25-cm Wave-Length (1946) (54)
Imaging the Disk around the Luminous Young Star LkHα 101 with Infrared Interferometry (2002) (54)
Far-infrared emission lines of CO and OH in the Orion-KL molecular shock (1985) (53)
Collisional excitation of. lambda. doublet transitions in CH and OH (1976) (52)
The Orion Molecular Clouds OMC-1 and OMC-2 Mapped in the Far-Infrared Fine-Structure Line Emission of C+ and O0 (1997) (52)
Measurement at 11 Micron Wavelengths of the Diameters of alpha Orionis and alpha Scorpii: Changes in Effective Temperature of alpha Orionis and Very Recent Dust Emission (1996) (51)
Paramagnetic Relaxation at Very Low Temperatures (1958) (51)
Far-Infrared, Submillimeter, and Millimeter Spectroscopy of the Galactic Center: Radio Arc and +20/+50 Kilometer per Second Clouds (1990) (51)
At what wavelengths should we search for signals from extraterrestrial intelligence? (1983) (51)
10-μm Heterodyne Stellar Interferometer (1974) (47)
Making waves (2004) (47)
Optics and Photonics: Key Enabling Technologies (2012) (47)
Ne II 12.8 micron emission from the galactic center. II (1977) (46)
Spectra, Variability, Size, and Polarization of H2O Microwave Emission Sources in the Galaxy (1969) (46)
The MPE/UCB far-infrared imaging Fabry-Perot interferometer (FIFI) (1990) (46)
The Microwave Spectra and Molecular Structure of Phosphorus and Arsenic Trichloride (1950) (46)
Microwave rotational spectra and structures of GeH$sub 3$ Cl,SiH$sub 3$Cl, and CH$sub 3$Cl (1949) (45)
High-resolution forbidden Ne II observations of the ionized filaments in the Galactic center (1988) (45)
Phase Modulation of Q-Switched Laser Beams in Small-Scale Filaments (1968) (45)
Foreign-gas collision broadening of the far-infrared spectrum of water vapor (1988) (44)
Mid-Infrared Interferometry on Spectral Lines. II. Continuum (Dust) Emission Around IRC +10216 and VY Canis Majoris (2000) (43)
Theory of Cathode Sputtering in Low Voltage Gaseous Discharges (1944) (43)
Detection of CO J = 21-20 /124.2 microns/ and J = 22-21 /118.6 microns/ emission from the Orion nebula (1980) (41)
Near- and Mid-Infrared Subarcsecond Structure of the Dusty Symbiotic Star R Aquarii (2000) (41)
Nonuniform Dust Outflow Observed around Infrared Object NML Cygni (1997) (41)
Precision Measurements of the Diameters of α Orionis and ο Ceti at 11 Microns (2000) (41)
Spatial heterodyne interferometry of VY Canis Majoris, Alpha Orionis, Alpha Scorpii, and R Leonis at 11 microns (1977) (41)
An infrared upconverter for astronomical imaging (1977) (41)
Molecular Microwave Spectra Tables (1950) (40)
Water Spectrum Near One-Centimeter Wave-Length (1946) (40)
Multiple Dust Shells and Motions around IK Tauri as Seen by Infrared Interferometry (1997) (38)
Ammonia observations of the Orion molecular cloud. (1979) (37)
NUCLEAR QUADRUPOLE MOMENTS AND NUCLEAR SHELL STRUCTURE (1949) (37)
THE KECK APERTURE MASKING EXPERIMENT: SPECTRO-INTERFEROMETRY OF THREE MIRA VARIABLES FROM 1.1 TO 3.8 μm (2008) (37)
Laser Physics: Quantum Controversy in Action (1999) (36)
QUADRUPOLE MOMENT OF O$sup 1$$sup 7$ (1957) (35)
The Pure Rotational Spectrum of ICl (1948) (35)
Production of Coherent Radiation by Atoms and Molecules. (1965) (35)
Interferometry on Mira in the Mid-Infrared: Cyclic Variability of the Continuum Diameter and the Effect of Spectral Lines on Apparent Size (2003) (34)
Asymptotic Giant Branch and Supergiant Stellar Diameters in the Mid-Infrared (2003) (34)
Optical masers and their possible applications to biology. (1962) (33)
Atomic Clocks and Frequency Stabilization on Microwave Spectral Lines (1951) (33)
Far-infrared observations of shocked CO in Orion (1981) (33)
Structure of HNCS from Microwave Spectra (1953) (32)
C II forbidden-line 158 micron mapping in Sagittarius A Rotation curve and mass distribution in the galactic center (1986) (32)
PAPER 3 – Molecular Microwave Oscillator and New Hyperfine Structure in the Microwave Spectrum of NH3†* (1970) (32)
[C II] Emission from NGC 4038/9 (the “Antennae”) (1998) (32)
How the Laser Happened (1999) (31)
Interstellar and Interplanetary Communication by Optical Masers (1961) (31)
Location and Phase of Dust Formation in IRC +10216 Indicated by 11 Micron Spatial Interferometry (1990) (30)
The first laser (2003) (30)
Sulfur Bonds and the Quadrupole Moments of O, S, and Se Isotopes (1954) (29)
Characterization of Dust Shell Dynamics and Asymmetry for Six Mira-Type Stars (2006) (28)
The abundances of neon, sulfur, and argon in planetary nebulae (1981) (28)
A Maser Amplifier for Radio Astronomy at X-Band (1959) (27)
Second-Order Corrections to Quadrupole Effects in Molecules (1948) (27)
Observations of Jupiter and Mars at 3-cm wave length. (1959) (27)
Spatial interferometry in the mid-infrared region (1984) (27)
Ground State Λ-Doubling Transitions of OH Radical (1959) (26)
Magnetron Harmonics at Millimeter Wavelengths (1952) (26)
Quadrupole Coupling Ratio of the Chlorine Isotopes (1952) (26)
Distribution of dust about ο Ceti and α Orionis based on 11 micron spatial interferometry (1991) (26)
Star Formation in M51 Triggered by Galaxy Interaction (2001) (26)
First Surface-resolved Results with the IOTA Imaging Interferometer: Detection of Asymmetries in AGB stars (2006) (25)
Examination of Methods for Detecting OH (1954) (23)
The Asymmetric Dust Environment of IK Tauri (2006) (23)
The optical depth of the 158 micron forbidden C-12 II line - Detection of the F = 1 - 0 forbidden C-13 II hyperfine-structure component. [in Orion nebula] (1991) (23)
Far-Infrared Observations of the Radio Arc (Thermal Arches) in the Galactic Center (1996) (23)
ATMOSPHERIC TRANSMISSION IN THE FAR-INFRARED AT THE SOUTH POLE AND ASTRONOMICAL APPLICATIONS (1990) (23)
New Types of Microwave Transitions Involving l-Type Doubling in OCS and HCN (1950) (23)
A SYSTEMATIC CHANGE WITH TIME IN THE SIZE OF BETELGEUSE (2009) (22)
Mass distribution in the galactic centre (1985) (22)
Small rotating clouds of stellar mass in Orion molecular cloud 1 (1983) (22)
Observations of far-infrared fine structure lines - Forbidden O III 88.35 microns and forbidden O I 63.2 microns (1979) (22)
Further Microwave Emission Lines and Clouds of Ammonia in our Galaxy (1969) (22)
Far-infrared spectroscopy of the galactic center: neutral and ionized gas in the central 10 parsecs of the Galaxy (1984) (21)
Ne II 12.8 micron emission and galactic dynamics in M82 (1978) (21)
Limiting Sensitivity of a Microwave Spectrometer (1948) (21)
16. Microwave and radio-frequency resonance lines of interest to radio astronomy (1957) (21)
Mode Characteristics and Coherence in Optical Ruby Masers (1961) (21)
The centre of the Galaxy (1983) (21)
THE CONVERGENCE OF SCIENCE AND RELIGION (1966) (20)
Quantum Electronics—A Symposium (1960) (20)
Introduction to the millennium issue of the journal of selected topics in quantum electronics (2000) (20)
Measurement of Noise in a Maser Amplifier (1957) (20)
Standing waves in self-trapped light filaments. (1967) (20)
An interferometric and multitransitional study of the Orion methanol masers. (1980) (19)
Molecular Dipole Moments and Stark Effects. I. Stark Effects on Symmetric Top Molecules with Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling (1949) (19)
Microwave Spectrum and Structure of ReO3Cl (1952) (19)
The Nonspherical Shape of Betelgeuse in the Mid-Infrared (2007) (18)
Anti-Stokes generation in trapped filaments of light. (1968) (18)
Spectral and spatial resolution of the 12.8 micron Ne II emission from the galactic center. (1976) (17)
An airborne far-infrared spectrometer for astronomical observations (1979) (17)
Ideas and stumbling blocks in quantum electronics (1984) (16)
Quantum electronics, and surprise in development of technology: the problem of research planning. (1968) (16)
Long-baseline interferometer for the mid-infrared (1990) (16)
Stark Effect in High Frequency Fields (1947) (16)
Diffraction-limited spatial resolution of circumstellar dust shells at 10 microns (1984) (16)
Interpretation of Radio Radiation from the Milky way (1947) (16)
Detection of shocked atomic gas in the Kleinmann-Low nebula (1984) (15)
Techniques for measuring phase closure at 11 microns (2003) (15)
Spin and Quadrupole Moment of S$sup 3$$sup 3$ (1948) (15)
OPTICAL MASERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. (1963) (15)
Microwave Measurements on the Stable Selenium Isotopes in OCSe (1950) (14)
THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF O$sub 2$ (1953) (14)
Proper Motions of Dust Shells Surrounding NML Cygni (2001) (14)
A Microwave Spectrum of the Free OH Radical (1953) (14)
Observations using a maser radiometer at 3-cm wave length. (1958) (14)
Influence of steric effects and compressibility on nonlinear response to laser pulses and the diameters of self-trapped filaments. (1972) (14)
The Tendency for Positive Nuclear Quadrupole Moments (1954) (14)
Variations in the spatial distribution of 11 Micron radiation from omicron Ceti. [infrared interferometry] (1977) (14)
Nuclear spin and quadrupole moment of Cl$sup 3$$sup 6$ (1949) (13)
Asymmetries and Outflows in the Circumstellar Dust of Mira A (2007) (13)
Rotational Spectra of Some Linear Molecules near 1-cm Wave-Length (1947) (13)
Detection of interstellar NH3 in the far-infrared - Warm and dense gas in Orion-KL (1983) (13)
Obituary: Theodore H. Maiman (1927–2007) (2007) (13)
Mid-Infrared Interferometry on Spectral Lines. I. Instrumentation (2000) (13)
Concentration of the heavy isotope of carbon and measurement of its nuclear spin (1939) (13)
Vertical Scales of Turbulence at the Mount Wilson Observatory (1995) (12)
Detection of far-infrared forbidden O I and forbidden O III emission from the galaxy M82 (1984) (12)
Observations and analysis of the Jovian spectrum in the 10-micron nu-2 band of NH3 (1975) (12)
The Microwave Spectrum and Molecular Constants of Hydrogen Cyanide (1952) (12)
Spectroscopy of the Galactic Center Arches Region: Evidence for Massive Star Formation (1994) (11)
A Search for the 110 ← 111 Transition of Interstellar Thioformaldehyde (1970) (11)
Infrared Pumping Processes for SiO Masers (1974) (11)
DETERMINATION OF ATOMIC MASSES BY MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY (1954) (11)
Mid-Infrared Interferometry on Dust Shells around Four Late-Type Stars (2004) (11)
The Quadrupole Moments and Spins of BR, Cl, and N Nuclei (1947) (11)
Noise and Sensitivity in Interferometry (2000) (11)
Evidence on Nuclear Moments of Stable Ge and Si Isotopes from Microwave Spectra (1949) (11)
THE NON-UNIFORM, DYNAMIC ATMOSPHERE OF BETELGEUSE OBSERVED AT MID-INFRARED WAVELENGTHS (2011) (11)
Interferometric Observations of IRC +10011 and IRC +10420 in the Mid-Infrared (2000) (11)
Comments on Frequency‐Pulling of Maser Oscillators (1957) (11)
Optical and Infrared Seti (1997) (11)
Sensitivity of Microwave Spectrometers Using Maser Techniques (1960) (11)
Far-infrared forbidden O III line emission from the galactic center (1980) (10)
Collision cross sections for ammonia in its ground vibrational manifold (1986) (10)
What is happening at the center of our Galaxy (1990) (10)
Possible Discovery of the 70 Micron H3O+ 43− → 33+ Transition in Orion BN-IRc2 (1996) (10)
RATIO OF THE QUADRUPOLE MOMENTS OF Cl$sup 35$ AND Cl$sup 3$$sup 7$ (1951) (10)
Far-infrared /O III/ and /N III/ line emission from galactic H II regions and planetary nebulae (1981) (10)
Microwave Spectroscopy at High Temperature-Spectra of CsCl and NaCl (1952) (10)
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC MOMENTS AND SIMILARITY BETWEEN NEUTRON AND PROTON STATES IN THE NUCLEUS (1951) (10)
A High‐Temperature Microwave Spectrometer (1954) (10)
THE DUST SURROUNDING W HYDRAE (2010) (10)
1964 Nobel lecture: Production of coherent radiation by atoms and molecules (1965) (10)
Radioactivity of Chlorine 36 (1949) (10)
Isotopic Abundances and Their Variations within the Galaxy. (1974) (10)
The Potential for Atmospheric Path Length Compensation in Stellar Interferometry (2002) (9)
The Nuclei of Normal Galaxies: Lessons from the Galactic Center – A Brief Summary (1994) (9)
Atmospheric Turbulence Measurements at Mount Wilson Observatory (2003) (9)
Long Baseline Spatial Interferometer For The IR (1986) (9)
Microwave Spectra of Linear Molecules (1947) (9)
High spectral and spatial resolution observations of the 12.28 micron emission from H2 in the Orion Molecular Cloud (1981) (9)
Electrostatic Field Strengths in Molecules and Nuclear Quadrupole Moments (1947) (9)
THE SPIN AND QUADRUPOLE MOMENT OF Se$sup 7$$sup 9$ (1952) (9)
Determination of Nuclear Quadrupole Moments (1958) (8)
Spectroscopy near the boundary between the microwave and infrared regions (1952) (8)
Polarization of the Nucleus by Electric Fields (1951) (8)
The Nuclear Moments ofSe79 (1953) (8)
Low-Frequency Behavior of Turbulence Fluctuations at Mount Wilson Observatory (2007) (8)
The methanol source in Orion at 1.2 centimeters (1974) (8)
Astronomical masers and lasers (1997) (8)
Infrared and Optical Lases (1969) (8)
Science, technology, and invention: Their progress and interactions. (1983) (8)
Infrared Spatial Interferometer (1998) (7)
DETECTION OF 10.5-MICRON LINE EMISSION FROM THE PLANETARY NEBULA NGC 7027. (1970) (7)
Analysis of visibility data from the University of California/Berkeley Infrared Spatial Interferometer: radiative transfer modeling and results on fifteen stars (1994) (7)
The Radiative Pattern and Asymmetry of IRC +10216 at 11 μm Measured with Interferometry and Closure Phase (2007) (7)
Ammonia in Dark Interstellar Clouds (1973) (7)
The Spin of Si 29 and Mass Ratios of the Stable Si Isotopes (1953) (7)
Rapid variation in the circumstellar 10 micron emission of Alpha Orionis (1985) (7)
Errata: Second-Order Corrections to Quadrupole Effects in Molecules (1948) (7)
Observation of a Burst of High-Velocity Dust from α Herculis (2007) (7)
10-micron heterodyne stellar interferometer (1974) (7)
On the Spin and Beta-Spectrum of Cl 36 (1949) (7)
A High Precision Telescope Pointing System (1986) (7)
The Nuclear Spins and Quadrupole Moments of Stable Germanium Isotopes (1951) (6)
Observations of the /sup 12/C//sup 13/C ratio in four galactic sources of formaldehyde (1976) (6)
Adaptive optics and aperture masking: a comparison (2004) (6)
Changes in Apparent Size of Giant Stars with Wavelength due to Electron-Hydrogen Collisions (2006) (6)
Ammonia observations of DR 21, W51, NGC 1333, and other sources (1980) (6)
THE SPIN OF O$sup 1$$sup 8$ (1951) (6)
Hyperfine Structure and Exchange Narrowing of Paramagnetic Resonance (1950) (6)
Heating of H II Regions with Application to the Galactic Center (1992) (6)
The Evolving Shapes of o Ceti and R Leonis (2008) (5)
K-Band Traveling-Wave Maser Using Ruby (1976) (5)
Limits on Electromagnetic Amplification due to Complementarity (1960) (5)
Mid-infrared interferometry on spectral lines: (5)
The Airborne Laser from Theory to Reality: An Insider’s Account (2002) (5)
The future of lasers (1972) (5)
ISI: recent technology and science (2004) (5)
The interstellar medium of galaxies as seen through images of the 158 μm [CII] line (1994) (5)
Microwave Evidence for Interstellar Molecules (1971) (5)
Acceleration in the Ezpansion of the Carb Nebula. (1957) (5)
Inner radii of dust shells and stellar diameters obtained by an infrared stellar interferometer at 11 micron wavelength (1995) (5)
EFFECT ON X-RAY FINE STRUCTURE OF DEVIATIONS FROM A COULOMB FIELD NEAR THE NUCLEUS (1955) (5)
Status and progress on the upgraded infrared spatial interferometer (2003) (5)
Early history of quantum electronics (2005) (5)
High spatial resolution 10 micron imaging of IRC + 10216 (1988) (4)
Detection of forbidden line O I 63 micron emission from the galactic center (1981) (4)
Evidence from Nuclear Masses on Proposed Closed Shells at 20 Nucleons (1950) (4)
Obituary: Arthur Schawlow (1921-99) (1999) (4)
THE PRESENT STATUS OF MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY (1952) (4)
Birth of the maser and laser (1985) (4)
Distribution of dust about Omicron Ceti and Alpha Orionis based on 11 micron spatial interferometry (1991) (4)
Near-infrared guiding and tip-tilt correction for the UC Berkeley Infrared Spatial Interferometer (1998) (3)
Nobel laureates' letter to President Bush. (2001) (3)
Reprint of : Laser Physics: Quantum Controversy in Action (1999) (3)
Quantum effects and optimization of heterodyne detection (2000) (3)
Observations of Microwave Emission from the 1.35-cm Line of Interstellar Water Vapor (1969) (3)
The Challenge of Astronomy to Millimeter-Wave Technology (1976) (3)
Optical path length fluctuations in the atmosphere. (1984) (3)
Detection of far-infrared [OI] and [OIII] emission from the galaxy M82 (1982) (3)
An IR spatial interferometer at 10 μm wavelength and measurement of stellar dust shells (1994) (3)
The Dust Distribution Immediately Surrounding V Hydrae (2011) (3)
Charge Distribution in Nuclei from X-Ray Fine Structure. (1952) (3)
ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCES IN INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS (1977) (3)
O17andS36in the Rotational Spectrum of OCS (1949) (3)
Recent developments in measurement of time (1957) (3)
Diffraction-Limited 10 µm Imaging With 3 Meter Telescopes (1986) (3)
Optical and Infrared Masers (1962) (3)
Observations of Interstellar NH 3 and CH 3 OH at Hat Creek. (1973) (3)
Interferometry at mid-infrared wavelengths: the ISI system (2008) (3)
Mid-infrared interferometry with high spectral resolution (2010) (3)
Erratum: The Quadrupole Moments and Spins of Br, Cl, and N Nuclei [ (1947) (2)
GROUNDBREAKING INVENTIONS IN LASER PHYSICS OPTICAL TWEEZERS AND GENERATION OF HIGH-INTENSITY, ULTRA-SHORT OPTICAL PULSES (2018) (2)
Nuclear Weapons Safety: Report of the Panel on Nuclear Weapons Safety (1990) (2)
Observations of discrete sources at 3-cm wavelength using a maser (1959) (2)
Interferometry on stars at mid-infrared wavelengths (2007) (2)
Greaseless Vacuum Valves (1938) (2)
THE LASER — WHAT IT IS AND HOW IT HAPPENED (2002) (2)
Development of the physics of microwaves, and its unification with infrared and optical science (2010) (2)
Properties and evolution of the central stellar cluster (1994) (2)
Logic and Uncertainties in Science and Religion (2019) (2)
Surprise and Sociology in Multi-Disciplinary Sciences (1994) (2)
Infrared heterodyne interferometry (2011) (2)
The laser: Its discovery, development, and future (2011) (2)
Introduction: Radio and IR studies of molecular clouds (1994) (2)
A PHYSICIST COURTS ASTRONOMY (1997) (1)
Atmospheric Fluctuations - Deviations from Simple Kolmogorov Approximations and their Effect on High Resolution Astronomy (1991) (1)
From the maser to the laser. Interview by Joerg Heber. (2010) (1)
William Aaron Nierenberg (2001) (1)
Comment: Laser pioneer reflects on making Einstein's idea real (2010) (1)
Excitation gradient of the molecular gas in the Sgr A circum-nuclear ring (1987) (1)
03 14 5 v 1 1 0 M ar 2 00 0 Near and midIR sub-arcsecond structure of the dusty symbiotic star R Aqr (2000) (1)
The Spin of Carbon Thirteen (1939) (1)
Quantum Electronics–Where We Have Been and Where We May Go (1984) (1)
The Galactic Center: Outstanding Puzzles and Challenges (introductory Review) (1989) (1)
Interstellar molecules. (A written version of the Halley lectures 1976, delivered in Oxford, June 4, 1976). (1979) (1)
Automation of Interferometric Observations (1992) (1)
VLA observations of DR 21 NH/sub 3/ (1,1) absorption: direct evidence for clumping (1981) (1)
RECENT DETERMINATIONS OF ATOMIC MASS RATIOS BY MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY (1958) (1)
A nonlinear effect involving coupling to vacuum fluctuations (1976) (1)
Medical Progress. Optical Masers in Biology and Medicine (1963) (1)
The variability of late-type stars' diameters measured using mid-infrared interferometry (2003) (1)
Working Group on Optical/IR Interferometry (Groupe De Travail Pour Interferometrie Optique/Infrarouge) (2002) (1)
Low-altitude atmospheric turbulence characteristics at Mt. Wilson Observatory (2003) (1)
IS THERE A COMPACT CENTRAL MASS CONCENTRATION IN OUR GALAXY (1996) (1)
Heterodyne Interferometry in the Infrared (1994) (1)
OI and OIII in Sgr A: neutral and ionized gas at the Galactic center (2008) (1)
From the archives: The future of lasers (2015) (1)
Infrared observations of the center of the Galaxy (1994) (1)
10 µm array imaging of circumstellar dust (1986) (1)
Influence of steric effects on nonlinear responses to laser pulses and the diameters of self-trapped filaments (1972) (1)
Determination of nuclear properties by microwave spectroscopy (1951) (1)
Infrared SETI (1993) (1)
Extragalactic diffuse (C II) emission (1995) (1)
The Galactic center. (1989) (1)
Infrared spectra of planetary atmospheres (1975) (1)
158µm [CII] Mapping of the Galactic Center Molecular Clouds (1989) (1)
Session 24 Optical masers—Workhorse or playboy: The present status and prospects for optical and infrared masers (1963) (1)
Combining high spectral and spatial resolution in the mid-infrared (2000) (0)
Toward astrometric tracking with the infrared spatial interferometer (1994) (0)
Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy for astronomical purposes. [laser applications] (1978) (0)
Big maser in the sky (1968) (0)
Experimental Tests of the Astrometric Precision Obtainable with a Ten Micron Interferometer. (1982) (0)
The early years of research on astronomical masers (1993) (0)
Nonuniform Dust Out ow Observedaround Infrared Object NML (2007) (0)
Infrared pumping processes for SiO masers. [in interstellar space] (1974) (0)
Interstellar Molecules and Dense Clouds [Science 174(4041), 1083 (1971)] (1974) (0)
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY (1954) (0)
New possibilities in infrared instrumentation for astronomy. (1971) (0)
Dust shells around late type stars: what kind of science can be done with the VLT Interferometer? (1995) (0)
The 158 micron (CII) mapping of galaxies: Probing the atomic medium (1993) (0)
Measurements of the Size of Betelgeuse Over 15 Years (2009) (0)
Observations of Circumstellar Material Around Evolved Stars With the ISI (2001) (0)
158 mum [CII] Images of Spiral Galaxies (1991) (0)
The Interstellar Medium of Galaxies as Probed by the 158 µm [CII] Line Emission (1997) (0)
Evolution of Dynamic Single Mode Lasers for Full-Scale Optical Fiber Communications (2017) (0)
Operational Funding for Optical and Infrared Interferometers (2009) (0)
FUNDAMENTAL LIMITATIONS ON USE OF MASER AMPLIFICA TION FOR IMAGE INTENSIFICATION (1961) (0)
Far-infrared spectroscopy of galaxies: the 158 micron C(+) line (1984) (0)
Milliarcsecond Imaging with a Large Optical Array (1988) (0)
Emission From NGC 4038 / 39 ( The “ Antennae ” ) (1998) (0)
The Dust Distribution Immediately Surrounding (2011) (0)
Spatial Interferometry in the Mid Infrared (1992) (0)
A sensitive infrared imaging up converter and spatial coherence of atmospheric propagation (1977) (0)
Observations of Late-Type Stars with the Infrared Spatial Interferometer (2011) (0)
Experimental Test of Special and General Relativity By Accurate Timing Devices (1958) (0)
Microwave Spectroscopy (Book Review) (1975) (0)
A Search for the 110 larr 111 Transition of Interstellar Thioformaldehyde. (1970) (0)
Infrared Long Baseline Interferometry (1989) (0)
On the interpretation of H.F.S. in molecules in terms of molecular structure and nuclear moments (1956) (0)
Spectroscopy at Radio and Microwave Frequencies . D. J. E. Ingram. Philosophical Library, New York, 1956. 332 pp. Illus. $15. (1957) (0)
Observations and Modeling of the Nonuniform Dust Outflow Around the Red Supergiant NML Cygni (1998) (0)
158µm [CII] mapping of galaxies: probing the atomic medium (1993) (0)
Quantum electronics: comments on its history and its scientific applications (1985) (0)
Secular Variations and Non-spherical Structures in the Dust Shell of Theta Ceti Observed With a Long-Baseline Interferometer at 11 MU M (1998) (0)
Infrared heterodyne interferometry. [for astronomical spectroscopy] (1978) (0)
Initiation and Development of the Laser (2008) (0)
Submillimeter and far-infrared observations of photodissociation regions: A detailed study of M17 SW (1988) (0)
The U.C. Berkeley infrared spatial interferometer: Instrumentation and first results (1989) (0)
FULLERENES AND ASTRONOMY (2005) (0)
Uniform Model Universes Containing Interacting Blackbody Radiation and Matter with Internal Energy. (1974) (0)
Study of Late Type Stars with the Infrared Spatial Interferometer of the University of California at Berkeley (1997) (0)
Letter by Charles H. Townes on UC Berkeley stationary Regarding his Receipt of the Nobel Prize in 1964 (1969) (0)
Recent Work in Microwave Spectroscopy at Columbia University (1949) (0)
The Laser - How New Things Happen (2010) (0)
Resolving the Future of Astronomy with Long-Baseline Interferometry (2014) (0)
A survey of the 158 micron CII fine-structure line in the central 50 PC of the galaxy (1990) (0)
Toward 10-Mas Infrared Astrometry (1994) (0)
Alan Barrett: A Career in Astrophysics (1988) (0)
New experimental possibilities and the future at far IR wavelengths. [observation of molecular phenomena in interstellar clouds] (1980) (0)
Application of quantum electronics to astrophysics (1974) (0)
Transmission of optical frequencies with minimal losses (1972) (0)
Visibility curves at 10 um wavelength for stars with dust shells (1990) (0)
Far infrared spectra of galaxies (1994) (0)
A 158μm [CII] Map of NGC 6946: Detection in Extragalactic Atomic and Ionized Gas (1992) (0)
Interpretation of Nuclear Quadrupole Effects in Terms of Molecular Bond Orbitals (1948) (0)
Conference Summary: The Central Parsecs (1999) (0)
Ja n 20 04 High-resolution imaging of dust shells using Keck aperture masking and the IOTA Interferometer (2019) (0)
158 μm [CII] Line Emission from Galaxies (1990) (0)
Annual Technical Report on ONR Grant N00014-96-1-0737 for the Support of Infrared Spatial Interferometry (1996) (0)
Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy for astronomical purposes (2013) (0)
Long-baseline infrared spatial interferometer (1988) (0)
C II forbidden line emission from spiral galaxies (1989) (0)
Ground-based Optical/Infrared Interferometry: High Resolution, High Precision Imaging (2009) (0)
DECEMBER 15 , 1958 Infrared and Optical (2011) (0)
Infrared Imaging and Interferometry (1980) (0)
How the laser started (2009) (0)
Toward 10-milliarcsecond infrared astrometry (1994) (0)
Far infrared, submm and mm spectroscopy of the galactic center: Radio arc and +20/+50 km s (exp -1) clouds (1989) (0)
On the spin and beta-spectrum of Cl$sup 3$$sup 6$ (1949) (0)
Looking Back on Books and Other Guides. (1981) (0)
The intersection of quantum electronics and astrophysics (1971) (0)
Far-IR spectroscopy of the galactic center: Neutral and ionized gas in the central 10 PC of the galaxy (1983) (0)
Nonequilibrium distributions of molecular states in interstellar space (1973) (0)
Mapping of C+ far‐infrared emission in the inner galaxy (2008) (0)
Far-infrared spectra of galaxies (1994) (0)
Microwave and infrared observations of molecular spectra in Comet Kohoutek (1974) (0)
Observations of far-infrared fine structure lines: o III88.35 micrometer and oI 63.2 micrometer (1979) (0)
Apparent Anomalous Isotopic Effect in Some Bands Associated with the Swan Bands (1939) (0)
INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF MASERS IN THE INFRARED AND OPTICAL REGIONS. (1966) (0)
Quantum optics, or quantum electronics (1969) (0)
Lasers—past, present, and future (Interviews with three Nobel laureates in 1982) (1992) (0)
Mid-Infrared Spatial Interferometry on Late-Type Stars and Their Circumstellar Material (1998) (0)
Episodic Dust Emission from Alpha Orionis (1993) (0)
4. Resistance to Change and New Ideas in Physics: A Personal Perspective (2019) (0)
158 micrometers (CII) mapping of NGC 6946: Probing the atomic medium (1992) (0)
Imaging Triple-Fabry-Perot-Spectrometer for Far-Infrared Astronomy (1990) (0)
Recent astronomical results from the infrared spatial interferometer and their implications for LOUISA (1992) (0)
THE NUCLEAR MOMENTS OF Se$sup 7$$sup 9$ (1953) (0)
Atmospheric fluctuations in an 11-μm stellar interferometer with movable telescopes (1990) (0)
Opportunities in astrophysics (1973) (0)
Optical frequency waveguide Patent (1971) (0)
Detection of interstellar NH/sub 3/ in the far-warm and dense gas in Orion-KL (1982) (0)
The Behavior of Stars Observed by Infrared Interferometry (2008) (0)
Latest Technical Developments at the Infrared Spatial Interferometer (1994) (0)
My 45 Years of Astrochemistry: Memoirs of Takeshi Oka (2013) (0)
An upper limit on the evolution of carbon monoxide from Comet Kohoutek (1974) (0)
Circumstellar Dust Formation around the Mira-Variable NML Tauri Determined by 11 Micron Spatial Interferometry (1995) (0)
Far-infrared line images of dwarf galaxies (1993) (0)
Using the 158 μm [C II] emission to probe the diffuse atomic medium in galaxies. (1993) (0)
Mid-infrared stellar interferometry and diameters of old stars (2002) (0)
Far-Infrared Observations of the Center of the Galaxy (1994) (0)
Letter from Charles H. Townes to Joshua Lederberg (1969) (0)
Recent Observations of Betelgeuse and New Instrumentation at the ISI (2014) (0)
A marriage of two minds. (2007) (0)
Support of Infrared Spatial Interferometry. (1996) (0)
FURTHER ASPECTS OF THE THEORY OF THE MASER. Special Technical Report on RESEARCH INVESTIGATION DIRECTED TOWARD EXTENDING THE USEFUL RANGE OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM (1956) (0)
Optical frequency waveguide and transmission system Patent (1971) (0)
A search for hydrogen lasers in MWC 349 from the KAO (1995) (0)
Atmospheric Pathlength Fluctuations in the Infrared Spatial Interferometer (1992) (0)
Spectral and spatial resolution of the 12.8 micron Ne 2 emission from the galactic center. [astronomical spectroscopy/emission spectra, radio sources (astronomy)] (1975) (0)
Developments calling for updating of APS constitution (1966) (0)
The optical depth of the 158 micrometer (C-12 II) line: Detection of the F=1 yields 0 (C-13 III) hyperfine-structure component (1991) (0)
Phase modulation of trapped laser beams (1968) (0)
Long Baseline Interferometric Observations of Circumstellar Dust Shells at 11 Microns (1994) (0)
Spectral line observations between 50 and 200 microns. (1980) (0)
Elemental Abundances in Compact H II Regions, Planetary Nebulae, and Supernova Remnants in the Magellanic Clouds (1975) (0)
Surprise and Sociology in Multi-Disciplinary Sciences: A Public Lecture (1994) (0)
Optics and Photonics: Key Enabling Technologies Thispaperreviewsthepast,present,andfuturevisionofthetechnologiesofopticsand photonics, including lasers, materials and devices, communications, bioimaging, displays, manufacturing, as well as the evolution of the photonics industry. (2012) (0)
Editorial: The Laser and the course of its discovery (2010) (0)
INVITED PAPER - Infrared Astronomical Spectroscopy. (1976) (0)
The Creative and Unpredictable Interaction of Science and Technology (2008) (0)
MAGNETIC HYPERFINE STRUCTURE IN THE O$sub 2$ MOLECULE (1952) (0)
Frequency stability of helium-neon massers and measurements of length (1963) (0)
THE AGB NEWSLETTER An electronic publication dedicated to Asymptotic Giant Branch stars and related phenomena Official publication of the IAU Working Group on Abundances in Red Giants (2009) (0)
The Shapes of Miras (2007) (0)
A Study of Atmospheric Seeing and Its Possible Improvement (2003) (0)
Rapid Changes in the Structure of the BN Object (2001) (0)
Prolog to the Section on Optics and Photonics (2012) (0)
[CII] line emission from spiral galaxies (1989) (0)
RECENT WORK ON MASERS (1958) (0)
Training of Instrumentalists and Development of New Technologies on SOFIA (2009) (0)
Laser machining apparatus Patent (1971) (0)
Multiple telescope infrared interferometry (1981) (0)
Diffraction-limited 10 microns imaging with 3 meter telescopes (1986) (0)
The many faces of Betelgeuse (2010) (0)
Observations of Far-Infrared Fine Structure Lines in the Interstellar Medium (1979) (0)
Charles Townes Oral History (2006) (0)
The Spectra of BrCN and CICN near 24000 m.c. (1947) (0)
Radioactivity of chlorine$sup 3$$sup 6$ (1949) (0)
158 Micron [CII] Imaging of NGC 891 (1993) (0)
The (C II) 158 micron line mapping of spiral galaxies (1990) (0)
Far Infrared Heterodyne Detection with Gallium Doped Germanium Photoconductors. (1985) (0)

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