Edwin Locke | Academic Influence

Edwin Locke's AcademicInfluence.com Rankings

Edwin Locke

Psychology

#272

World Rank

#391

Historical Rank

#185

USA Rank

Industrial And Organizational Psychology

#2

World Rank

#2

Historical Rank

#1

USA Rank

psychology Degrees

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Psychology

Edwin Locke's Degrees

PhD Industrial and Organizational Psychology Cornell University

Why Is Edwin Locke Influential?

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According to Wikipedia, Edwin A. Locke is an American psychologist and a pioneer in goal-setting theory. He is a retired Dean's Professor of Motivation and Leadership at the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland, College Park. He was also affiliated with the Department of Psychology. As stated by the Association for Psychological Science, "Locke is the most published organizational psychologist in the history of the field. His pioneering research has advanced and enriched our understanding of work motivation and job satisfaction. The theory that is synonymous with his name—goal-setting theory—is perhaps the most widely-respected theory in industrial-organizational psychology. His 1976 chapter on job satisfaction continues to be one of the most highly-cited pieces of work in the field."

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Edwin Locke's Published Works

Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works

Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author

Published Works

The nature and causes of job satisfaction (1976) (7474)
Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation. A 35-year odyssey. (2002) (6408)
A theory of goal setting & task performance (1990) (2689)
Goal setting and task performance: 1969–1980. (1981) (2628)
Negative self-efficacy and goal effects revisited. (2003) (2561)
Toward a theory of task motivation and incentives (1968) (2360)
The relationship of entrepreneurial traits, skill, and motivation to subsequent venture growth. (2004) (1876)
Dispositional effects on job and life satisfaction: the role of core evaluations. (1998) (1727)
A Multidimensional Model of Venture Growth (2001) (1623)
New Directions in Goal-Setting Theory (2006) (1573)
Empowering Leadership in Management Teams: Effects on Knowledge Sharing, Efficacy, And Performance (2006) (1496)
Leadership: do traits matter? (1991) (1389)
Job satisfaction. (1969) (1240)
Direct and indirect effects of three core charismatic leadership components on performance and attitudes. (1996) (1093)
Personality and job satisfaction: the mediating role of job characteristics. (2000) (1067)
Entrepreneurial Motivation (2015) (1055)
Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social-Cognitive View (1987) (1040)
Participation in Decision-Making: One More Look (1979) (988)
Effect of self-efficacy, goals, and task strategies on task performance. (1984) (973)
Core self-evaluations and job and life satisfaction: the role of self-concordance and goal attainment. (2005) (971)
Work Motivation and Satisfaction: Light at the End of the Tunnel (1990) (908)
What Should we do About Motivation Theory? Six Recommendations for the Twenty-First Century (2004) (843)
Goal Setting: A Motivational Technique That Works! (1984) (825)
Self-regulation through goal setting (1991) (814)
The Determinants of Goal Commitment (1988) (810)
The Paradox of Success: An Archival and a Laboratory Study of Strategic Persistence Following Radical Environmental Change (2000) (741)
Motivation through conscious goal setting (1996) (652)
The Relationship of Achievement Motivation to Entrepreneurial Behavior: A Meta-Analysis (2004) (646)
A longitudinal study of the relation of vision and vision communication to venture growth in entrepreneurial firms. (1998) (593)
Task complexity as a moderator of goal effects: A meta-analysis. (1987) (575)
A Multilevel Investigation of the Motivational Mechanisms Underlying Knowledge Sharing and Performance (2007) (560)
Why emotional intelligence is an invalid concept (2005) (551)
Generalizing From Laboratory to Field Settings. (1987) (545)
New developments in goal setting and task performance. (2013) (492)
New developments in and directions for goal-setting research. (2007) (461)
The motivation sequence, the motivation hub, and the motivation core. (1991) (458)
The Relation of Self-Efficacy and Grade Goals to Academic Performance (1987) (370)
Type A behavior and faculty research productivity: What are the mechanisms? (1984) (360)
The Application of Goal Setting to Sports (1985) (357)
Job satisfaction and job performance: A theoretical analysis (1970) (354)
Money and subjective well-being: it's not the money, it's the motives. (2001) (347)
The virtue of selfishness. (1988) (341)
The Case for Inductive Theory Building† (2007) (329)
Resolving scientific disputes by the joint design of crucial experiments by the antagonists: Application to the Erez–Latham dispute regarding participation in goal setting. (1988) (317)
Cognitive and motivational effects of participation: A mediator study (1994) (305)
Enhancing the Benefits and Overcoming the Pitfalls of Goal Setting (2006) (293)
Motivational effects of knowledge of results: A goal-setting phenomenon? (1968) (282)
Effects of Leader Role, Team-Set Goal Difficulty, Efficacy, and Tactics on Team Effectiveness (1997) (277)
Motivation, Cognition, and Action: An Analysis of Studies of Task Goals and Knowledge (2000) (272)
The Blackwell handbook of principles of organizational behavior (2000) (272)
A study of upward influence in organizations. (1982) (250)
The Relationship of Team Goals, Incentives, and Efficacy to Strategic Risk, Tactical Implementation, and Performance (2001) (246)
Goal setting as a means of increasing motivation. (1967) (245)
Shared leadership theory (2007) (232)
Goal setting theory. (2012) (225)
Studies of the relationship between satisfaction, goal-setting, and performance (1970) (221)
Effect of dysfunctional thought processes on subjective well-being and job satisfaction. (1993) (210)
The development of goal setting theory: A half century retrospective. (2019) (195)
Core self-evaluations in Japan: relative effects on job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and happiness (2005) (191)
Separating the effects of goal specificity from goal level (1989) (191)
Test of three conceptual models of influence of the big five personality traits and self-efficacy on academic performance: A meta-analytic path-analysis (2018) (183)
Personnel Attitudes and Motivation (1975) (183)
The Effects of Intra-individual Goal Conflict on Performance (1994) (181)
Participation in decision making: When should it be used? (1986) (180)
The essence of leadership : the four keys to leading successfully (1991) (179)
The relationship of intentions to level of performance. (1966) (177)
Relationship of Goal Level to Valence and Instrumentality (1992) (173)
An empirical test of the Herzberg two-factor theory. (1966) (170)
The directing function of goals in task performance. (1969) (162)
Goal setting theory and job performance. (1989) (159)
The Ideas of Frederick W. Taylor: An Evaluation (1982) (159)
Goal setting, planning, and organizational performance: An experimental simulation (1990) (158)
Organizational Behavior: Group Structure, Process, and Effectiveness (1987) (156)
Promise and peril in implementing pay‐for‐performance (2004) (156)
Motivational effects of knowledge of results: knowledge or goal setting? (1967) (151)
Performance goals as determinants of level of performance and boredom. (1967) (151)
Job dissatisfaction: what are the consequences? (1985) (151)
Leadership: Starting at the Top (2003) (149)
Job Satisfaction and Role Clarity Among University and College Faculty (2017) (148)
Has Goal Setting Gone Wild, or Have Its Attackers Abandoned Good Scholarship? (2009) (144)
Relation of goal level to performance with a short work period and multiple goal levels. (1982) (140)
Goal theory vs. control theory: Contrasting approaches to understanding work motivation (1991) (135)
The Ubiquity of the Technique of Goal Setting in Theories of and Approaches to Employee Motivation (1978) (134)
The relationship of value importance to satisfaction (1970) (134)
Maryland vs Michigan vs Minnesota: Another look at the relationship of expectancy and goal difficulty to task performance (1980) (132)
Generalizing from Laboratory to Field Settings: Research Findings from Industrial-Organizational Psychology, Organizational Behavior, and Human Resource Management. (1987) (127)
A first examination of the relationships between primed subconscious goals, assigned conscious goals, and task performance. (2006) (127)
Handbook of principles of organizational behavior : indispensable knowledge for evidence-based management (2012) (127)
Effects of Group Goals and Time Pressure on Group Efficacy, Information-Seeking Strategy, and Performance (2000) (126)
Industrial and organizational psychology : linking theory with practice (2000) (124)
Increasing productivity and decreasing time limits: A field replication of Parkinson's law. (1975) (124)
Work motivation: The high performance cycle. (1990) (122)
Core self-evaluations as causes of satisfaction: The mediating role of seeking task complexity (2010) (122)
Explaining the Assigned Goal-Incentive Interaction: The Role of Self-Efficacy and Personal Goals (1997) (121)
Task experience as a source of attitudes (1965) (120)
Goals and intentions as mediators of the effects of monetary incentives on behavior. (1968) (119)
Locus of Knowledge as a Determinant of the Effects of Participation on Performance, Affect, and Perceptions (1995) (119)
Cognitive and motivational frameworks in U.S. research on participation: A meta-analysis of primary effects (1997) (116)
Benefiting from negative feedback (2003) (111)
Satisfiers and dissatisfiers among white-collar and blue-collar employees. (1973) (111)
Some Reservations About Social Capital (1999) (110)
Participation in decision making: An information exchange perspective. (1997) (109)
The essence of leadership (1991) (108)
Cognitive aspects of psychomotor performance The effects o performance goals on level of performance. (1966) (107)
7. Stress, Coping, and the Meaning of Work (1991) (106)
Fact and Fiction in Analyzing Research on Participative Decision Making: A Critique of Cotton, Vollrath, Froggatt, Lengnick-Hall, and Jennings (1990) (104)
An Empirical Study of Lecture Note Taking among College Students (1977) (102)
An Experimental Case Study of the Successes and Failures of Job Enrichment in a Government Agency (1976) (97)
An empirical analysis of a goal setting questionnaire (1991) (97)
Parkinson\'s Law as a goal-setting phenomenon (1967) (93)
Relationships Among Goal Difficulty, Business Strategies, and Performance On A Complex Management Simulation Task (1991) (92)
THE INTERACTION OF ABILITY AND MOTIVATION IN PERFORMANCE: AN EXPLORATION OF THE MEANING OF MODERATORS (1978) (92)
The Relevance and Viability of Subconscious Goals in the Workplace (2010) (91)
Setting goals for life and happiness. (2002) (91)
Identifying a missing link between participation and satisfaction : The mediating role of procedural justice perceptions (1999) (91)
Problems With Goal-Setting Research in Sports—and Their Solution (1991) (90)
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: Time for expansion and clarification. (2019) (89)
The High Performance Cycle: Standing the Test of Time (2005) (87)
Effect of Previously Assigned Goals on Self-Set Goals and Performance (1984) (87)
The relationship of task success to task liking and satisfaction. (1965) (86)
Using self-efficacy theory to resolve the conflict between goal-setting theory and expectancy theory in organizational behavior and industrial/organizational psychology. (1986) (85)
The Effects of Goal Setting, Self-Efficacy, Competition, and Personal Traits on the Performance of an Endurance Task (1995) (84)
Is "behavior therapy" behavioristic? (An analysis of Wolpe's psychotherapeutic methods). (1971) (83)
Self-reflection, growth goals, and academic outcomes: A qualitative study. (2015) (80)
Problems with the pygmalion effect and some proposed solutions (2000) (78)
Knowledge of Score and Goal Level as Determinants of Work Rate. (1969) (76)
Relationship of success and expectation to affect on goal-seeking tasks. (1967) (74)
Promoting Creativity in Organizations (1995) (72)
Goal-setting as a determinant of the effect of knowledge of score on performance. (1968) (70)
Self-set goals and self-efficacy as mediators of incentives and personality. (2001) (69)
Linking goals to monetary incentives (2004) (66)
PERCEIVED DETERMINANTS OF HIGH AND LOW PRODUCTIVITY IN THREE OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS: A CRITICAL INCIDENT STUDY [1] (1981) (65)
ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING AND CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT (1995) (64)
The Development of Measures of Faculty Scholarship (1992) (64)
Grade Goals as Determinants of Academic Achievement. (1968) (62)
A critique of Herzberg's incident classification system and a suggested revision (1971) (62)
The effects of goal-setting, rule-learning, and knowledge of score on performance. (1966) (60)
The Myths of Behavior Mod in Organizations (1977) (56)
The Coch and French Study: A Critique and Reinterpretation (1981) (54)
Sources of satisfaction and dissatisfaction among solid waste management employees. (1974) (53)
Convergent and discriminant validity for areas and methods of rating job satisfaction. (1964) (53)
Theory Building, Replication, and Behavioral Priming (2015) (51)
Team effectiveness in theory and practice (2000) (51)
Complex decision making: A longitudinal study of process and performance (1985) (51)
Latham versus Komaki: A tale of two paradigms. (1980) (50)
Purpose without Consciousness: A Contradiction (1969) (47)
The scientific merit of valid measures of general concepts: Personality research and core self-evaluations. (2002) (47)
Effects of knowledge of results, feedback in relation to standards, and goals on reaction-time performance. (1968) (47)
Interaction of Ability and Motivation in Performance (1965) (46)
Why businessmen should be honest: The argument from rational egoism (1995) (45)
Business Ethics: A Way Out of the Morass (2006) (45)
The Epistemological Side of Teaching Management: Teaching Through Principles (2002) (44)
Relationship of Goal Level to Performance Level (1967) (43)
The contradiction of epiphenomenalism. (1966) (42)
It's Time We Brought Introspection Out of the Closet (2009) (42)
Construct validity vs. concept validity (2012) (41)
Goal setting theory, 1990. (2013) (39)
Relationship of goals and microlevel work processes to performance on a multipath manual task (1996) (39)
Volitional choices in the goal achievement process (1996) (37)
The Prime Movers: Traits of the Great Wealth Creators (2000) (37)
Atkinson's Inverse-U Curve and the Missing Cognitive Variables (1984) (36)
Foundations for a Theory of Leadership (2003) (34)
NEGATIVE SELF-EFFICACY AND GOAL REVISITED (2003) (33)
Goal-setting theory and its applications to the world of business. (2004) (31)
Writing about personal goals and plans regardless of goal type boosts academic performance (2020) (31)
Goal setting, planning, and performance on work tasks for individuals and groups. (1997) (28)
The micro-analysis of job satisfaction: Comments on Taber and Alliger (1995) (28)
Relationship of Task Success to Task Liking: A Replication (1966) (27)
Goal Setting Theory: The Current State EDWIN A . LOCKE AND GARY P . LATHAM (2013) (26)
Rebuttal to a Subjectivist Critique of an Objectivist Approach to Integrity in Organizations (1998) (24)
A REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF THE VALIDITY STUDIES OF ACTIVITY VECTOR ANALYSIS (1962) (24)
Feedback, Goal Setting, and Task Performance Revisited SUSAN J . ASHFORD AND KATLEEN E . M . D E STOBBELEIR (2013) (23)
The emperor is naked. (1994) (23)
A Question of Relevance. (1964) (23)
Replication of white-collar-blue-collar differences in sources of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. (1974) (22)
Goal Setting: A State Theory but Related to Traits (2011) (21)
The new look in job satisfaction theory and research (1992) (21)
The effects of simultaneous learning and performance goals on performance: An inductive exploration (2015) (21)
Goal Setting Theory: Controversies and Resolutions (2018) (20)
Cultural Metaphors as Frames of Reference for Nations: A Six-Country Study (2005) (20)
Breaking the Rules (2015) (19)
Comments on Weinberg and Weigand (1994) (18)
Beyond determinism and materialism, or isn't it time we took consciousness seriously? (1995) (18)
Critical Analysis of the Concept of Causality in Behavioristic Psychology (1972) (18)
The dead end of postmodernism. (2002) (18)
A closer look at level of aspiration as a training procedure: a reanalysis of fryer's data. (1966) (17)
The Importance of the Individual in an Age of Groupism (2014) (17)
The Effects of Differential Goal Weights on the Performance of a Complex Financial Task. (1987) (17)
Further Data on the Relationship of Task Success to Liking and Satisfaction (1967) (16)
Building a theory by induction: The example of goal setting theory (2020) (15)
Postmodernism and management : pros, cons and the alternative (2003) (13)
On a combined theory of pay level satisfaction (2018) (12)
Dimensions of Social Interactions among Infant Rhesus Monkeys (1964) (12)
Potential Pitfalls in Goal Setting and How to Avoid Them GARY P . LATHAM AND EDWIN A . LOCKE (2013) (12)
THE EFFECTS OF GOAL EMPHASIS ON PERFORMANCE ON A COMPLEX TASK[1] (1987) (12)
The Development of Criteria of Student Achievement (1963) (11)
The Effect of Subconscious Goals on Organizational Behavior (2012) (11)
Critique of Bramel and Friend. (1982) (11)
"Job satisfaction reconsidered": Reconsidered. (1978) (10)
The immoral assault on CEO pay (2008) (9)
Attain Emotional Control by Understanding What Emotions Are (2015) (8)
Executives Ask: How and why should firms and their employees set goals? Editor's introduction: Establishing organizational goals and rewards (2004) (8)
Lead Organizational Change by Creating Dissatisfaction and Realigning the Organization with New Competitive Realities (2003) (7)
Comments on McLeod, Liker, and Lobel (1992) (7)
GOALS AND INTENTIONS AS DETERMINANTS OF PERFORMANCE LEVEL, TASK CHOICE, AND ATTITUDES. (1967) (7)
Relationship of Task Success to Satisfaction: Further Replication (1966) (7)
Goal-Directedness and Personal Identity as Correlates of Life Outcomes (2002) (7)
Long‑range thinking and goal‑directed action. (2018) (7)
Studies of Helicopter Pilot Performance: II The Analysis of Task Dimensions1 (1965) (7)
The Blackwell Hanbook of Principles of Organizational Behaviour (2003) (7)
Some correlates of classroom and out-of-class achievement in gifted science students. (1963) (6)
What is Capitalism? Some Comments on Kasser, Cohn, Kanner, and Ryan (2007) (6)
A New Look at Work Motivation: Theory V (1982) (6)
Myths in “The Myths of the Myths About Behavior Mod In Organizations” (1979) (5)
THE MOTIVATIONAL EFFECTS OF KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS: THE INFLUENCE OF GOAL-SETTING (1966) (5)
Article Commentary: The Fallacies of Common Sense “Truths”: A Reply to Lamal (1991) (5)
OBJECTIVISM: THE PROPER ALTERNATIVE TO POSTMODERNISM (2003) (5)
Studies of Helicopter Pilot Performance: I The Analysis of Maneuver Dimensions1 (1965) (5)
In "defense" of defense mechanisms: some comments on Bobbitt and Behling. (1972) (5)
DISPOSITIONAL CAUSES OF JOB SATISFACTION: SEEKING COMPLEXITY IN JOB AS A MEDIATOR. (2006) (4)
Comments on Neider: The issue of interpretation of experiments (1981) (4)
Individualism, Collectivism, Leadership, and the Greater Good (2011) (4)
Logical Relationships of Questions to Issues in Verbal Conditioning Studies (1966) (4)
The Individual, Corporations, and Society: To Whom Do Rights Belong? (2010) (4)
Using Programmatic Research to Build a Grounded Theory (1996) (4)
The Case against Medical Licensing (1980) (3)
Further Confusion in the Study of Self-Regulation: Comments on Cervone, Shadel, Smith, and Fiori (2006) (3)
What Makes Writing about Goals Work? (2019) (3)
What Makes Great Business Leaders (2012) (3)
Writing about Goals Enhances Academic Performance and Aids Personal Development (2014) (3)
Coping with Stress through Reason (2005) (3)
Wisdom: Objectivism as the Proper Philosophy for Living on Earth (2007) (2)
The real meaning of color-blind racial ideology. (2014) (2)
Book Review Essay@@@A Review of Atlas Shrugged (1989) (2)
Goal Setting and Control Theory (2014) (2)
Improving Lives: Personal Goal Setting Boosts Student Performance and Happiness (2018) (2)
"Effect of previously assigned goals on self-set goals and performance": Correction to Locke, Frederick, Buckner, and Bobko. (1985) (2)
Is violence itself necessarily bad (1974) (2)
Obituary: Patricia Cain Smith (1917-2007). (2008) (2)
Passion and Entrepreneurship (2019) (2)
The Interaction of Goal Difficulty/Specificity and Feedback on Task Performance. (1981) (2)
Adding competition to the management basics: An application in the defense department (1985) (2)
Reply to commentaries on “The development of goal setting theory: A half century retrospective”. (2019) (2)
Performance Appraisal Under Capitalism, Socialism, and the Mixed Economy (2017) (1)
The Science and Practice of Goal Setting (2015) (1)
A Comparison of the Attitudes of Civil Defense Directors and Community Leaders (1966) (1)
How Can We Make Organizations More Ethical (2008) (1)
Science, philosophy and man's mind. (1996) (1)
Burnout and the Battle for Your Own Happiness (2017) (1)
Some observations about goals, money and cheating in business (2019) (1)
AN ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE GOALS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE (1965) (1)
Behavior modification is not cognitive—and other myths: A reply to Ledwidge (1979) (1)
How Altruism Undermines Mental Health and Happiness (2009) (1)
The Relationship of Outcome Valence, Personal Goal and Commitment to Performance When NO Goals Are Assigned. (1982) (1)
A Test of Atkinson's Formula for Predicting Choice Behavior (1965) (1)
Say No to Licensing: It Is Both Impractical and Immoral (2017) (1)
Facts and Fallacies About Goal Theory: Reply to Deci (1993) (1)
The Virtue of Persistence (2015) (1)
Rule Learning and SKnowledge of Re-ults on Performance (0)
Generalized Self-Efficacy Measure (2012) (0)
Some observations on the puzzling world of self-regulation and depletion (2017) (0)
Get Right Back Up (2003) (0)
There can be No Balance between Animal and Human Rights (1992) (0)
Jonathan Bean (Ed.) (2009). Race and Liberty in America: The Essential Reader. Washington, DC: The Independent Institute and University Press of Kentucky. 352 pages (2011) (0)
Verification of Functional Properties of Efficacy Beliefs Altered by Enactive Means With Controls for Past (2011) (0)
The Worls's Shortest Goal Setting Study. (1981) (0)
Theory Development by Induction (2014) (0)
Goal Setting Theory, 1990 GARY P . LATHAM AND EDWIN A . LOCKE (2013) (0)
Medical Licensing: Reply to Annas, et al (1981) (0)
Comparing Four Approaches to Understanding the Proximal Determinants of Pay Level Satisfaction (2012) (0)
Management Laureates : A Collection of Autobiographical Essays (Volume 2) (2018) (0)
In Defense of the Corporation (1979) (0)
Behavior Modification, or Scientific Management? (1983) (0)
Planning Quality Measure (2013) (0)
What Should We Do about Motivation Theory ? Six Recommendations for the Twenty-First Century Author ( s ) : (2008) (0)
"The Morality of Capitalism: Left, Right and Center" (2013) (0)
It (Almost Always) Pays to Feel Efficacious. (1996) (0)
Book Review Essay (1989) (0)
Intrinsic, Extrinsic and Achievement Motivation: Similarities and Differences (2012) (0)
The Pay-Happiness Relationship (2013) (0)
What is job sat isfact ion ? â ̃ † (2018) (0)
MTe Relationship of Goals , Plans and Intentions S • to Choice Behavior (0)
THE RELATIONSHIP OF GOALS, PLANS AND INTENTIONS TO CHOICE BEHAVIOR (1965) (0)
Correspondence (1981) (0)
Executive Power: Leadership or Mush? (1989) (0)
Directive Leader Scale (2013) (0)
LIFE GOALS OF YOUNG PEOPLE AT RISK OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN POLAND (2018) (0)
THE EFFECTS OF DAILY GOAL-SETTING ON CODE RECEIVING PERFORMANCE AND ATTITUDES: A PILOT STUDY, (1966) (0)
A fictional discussion between the late B. F. Skinner and Edwin A. Locke. (2023) (0)
How to Build Successful Theories: The Overlooked Role of Induction (2018) (0)
The Relationship of Team Goals and Team Strategies to Team Performance. (1999) (0)
Determinants of Goals PETER A . HESLIN AND KARYN L . WANG (2013) (0)

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