Ernst Chain

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Ernst Chain is affiliated with the following schools: Humboldt University of Berlin, Imperial College London, University of Oxford

Ernst Chain's AcademicInfluence.com Rankings

Ernst Chain

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Biochemistry

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Biology

Why Is Ernst Chain Influential?

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According to Wikipedia, Sir Ernst Boris Chain was a German-born British biochemist best known for being a co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on penicillin. Life and career Chain was born in Berlin, the son of Margarete and Michael Chain, a chemist and industrialist dealing in chemical products. His family was of both Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jewish descent. His father emigrated from Russia to study chemistry abroad and his mother was from Berlin. In 1930, he received his degree in chemistry from Friedrich Wilhelm University. His father descends from Zerahiah ben Shealtiel Ḥen who was a prominent figure among the Catalonian Jewry and whose ancestors were leading Jewish figures in Babylonia. He was a lifelong friend of Professor Albert Neuberger, whom he met in Berlin in the 1930s.

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Ernst Chain's Published Works

Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works

Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author

Published Works

An Enzyme from Bacteria able to Destroy Penicillin (1940) (1241)
An improved method for the colorimetric determination of phosphate. (1938) (764)
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON PENICILLIN (1941) (702)
Abrupt reoxygenation of the anoxic potassium-arrested perfused rat heart: a study of myocardial enzyme release. (1973) (452)
Penicillin and streptomycin. (1947) (355)
Penicillin as a Chemotherapeutic Agent (1940) (296)
Pseudomonic Acid: an Antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens (1971) (255)
Studies on the colorimetric determination of phosphate. (1938) (173)
Fusicoccin: a New Wilting Toxin produced by Fusicoccum amygdali Del. (1964) (155)
Recovery from Cardiac Bypass and Elective Cardiac Arrest: The Metabolic Consequences of Various Cardioplegic Procedures in the Isolated Rat Heart (1974) (149)
Identity of Hyaluronidase and Spreading Factor (1940) (126)
The role of glucose in the survival and 'recovery' of the anoxic isolated perfused rat heart. (1972) (125)
Bacteriological studies on a new penicillin-BRL. 1241. (1960) (121)
Formation of 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid from Penicillin by Enzymatic Hydrolysis (1960) (115)
Viruses in Fungi and Interferon Stimulation (1968) (113)
BACTERICIDAL AND BACTERIOLYTIC ACTION OF PENICILLIN ON THE STAPHYLOCOCCUS (1945) (106)
Diabetes and the survival and recovery of the anoxic myocardium. (1975) (83)
Penicillamine, a Characteristic Degradation Product of Penicillin (1943) (81)
Production of a new lysergic acid derivative in submerged culture by a strain of Claviceps paspali Stevens & Hall (1961) (77)
Virus-like Particles in Penicillin producing Strains of Penicillium chrysogenum (1969) (76)
6-Aminopenicillanic acid III. Isolation and purification (1961) (67)
Formation and structure of extracellular glucans produced by Claviceps species. (1968) (66)
Antiviral Activity of Double Stranded RNA from a Virus isolated from Aspergillus foetidus (1970) (62)
The influence of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism in the isolated diaphragm muscle of normal and alloxan diabetic rats (1955) (62)
Pseudomonic acid. Part 1. The structure of pseudomonic acid A, a novel antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens. (1977) (61)
Fate of uniformly labelled 14C glucose in brain slices (1955) (54)
6-Aminopenicillanic acid VI. Formation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid from penicillin by enzymic hydrolysis (1961) (51)
Penicillium cyaneo-fulvum Virus and Interferon Stimulation (1969) (49)
Effects of insulin on the pattern of glucose metabolism in the perfused working and Langendorff heart of normal and insulin-deficient rats. (1969) (46)
GLUCOSE AND AMINO ACID METABOLISM IN SOME INVERTEBRATE NERVOUS SYSTEMS (1969) (45)
The absorption of sucrose, maltose and higher oligosaccharides from the isolated rat small intestine (1960) (39)
Production of Lysergic Acid Derivatives by a Strain of Claviceps paspali Stevens and Hall in Submerged Culture (1960) (39)
Chemistry and biochemistry of antibiotics. (1958) (37)
An Antibacterial Substance Produced by Penicillium claviforme (1942) (36)
The isoelectric points of lecithin and sphingomyelin. (1934) (36)
Helvolic Acid, an Antibiotic produced by Aspergillus fumigatus, mut. helvola Yuill. (1943) (35)
Aeration studies. IV. Aeration conditions in 3000‐liter submerged fermentations with various microorganisms (1966) (35)
Observations on Penicillium chrysogenum in submerged culture. 1. Mycelial growth and autolysis. (1952) (34)
Antibiotics. A survey of penicillin, streptomycin, and other antimicrobial substances from fungi, actinomyeetes, bacteria, and plants. Volume I. (1949) (34)
inhibition of dehydrogenases by snake venom. (1939) (34)
Comparison of interferon induction in mice by purified Penicillium chrysogenum virus and derived double-stranded RNA. (1971) (33)
Pseudomonic acid. Part 3. Structure of pseudomonic acid B. (1977) (33)
Crystal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis var. tolworthi. Subunit structure and toxicity to Pieris brassicae. (1971) (30)
Ferroverdin, a Green Pigment containing Iron produced by a Streptomycete (1955) (30)
A Polypeptide Responsible for some of the Phenomena of Acute Inflammation (1939) (30)
Dietary fibre and sterol metabolism in the rat (1974) (30)
Further investigations of the toxicity of fusicoccins (1971) (29)
Some Observations on the Preparation and Properties of the Substrate of Lysozyme (1940) (29)
The Metabolism of Normal and Neoplastic Skin Epithelium: Evidence against the Theory that Aerobic Glycolysis Associated with a Low R.Q. is a Feature of a Disturbed Metabolism Indicative of Tumour Growth (1940) (29)
The early years of the penicillin discovery (1979) (28)
Structure of pseudomonic acid, an antibiotic from Pseudomonas fluorescens (1975) (28)
METABOLISM OF HEXOSES IN RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX SLICES (1969) (27)
Recent Studies on Carbohydrate Metabolism* (1959) (25)
6-Aminopenicillanic acid I. 6-Aminopenicillanic acid in penicillin fermentations (1961) (24)
[Aeration studies. II..]. (1954) (23)
Thirty Years of Penicillin Therapy (1971) (22)
The fate of glucose in different parts of the rabbit brain (1960) (21)
Viruses of Penicillium and Aspergillus species. (1972) (21)
The constitution of fusicoccin (1968) (21)
Academic and Industrial Contributions to Drug Research (1963) (21)
Studies on penicillinase produced by a strain of Staphylococcus aureus (1963) (21)
Nitrogenous Character of Penicillin (1942) (21)
Identification of a Compound related to 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid, isolated from Culture Media of Penicillium chrysogenum (1961) (20)
Biosynthesis of ergotamine by Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. (1973) (20)
High Cell Wall Galactosamine Content and Virus Particles in Penicillium stoloniferum (1969) (20)
The study of metabolic activities of small amounts of surviving tissues. (1939) (19)
PSEUDOMONIC ACID. PART 1. THE STRUCTURE OF PSEUDOMONIC ACID A, A NOVEL ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCED BY PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS (1977) (19)
The effect of tryptophan and methyltryptophans on submerged lysergic acid fermentation by Claviceps paspali Stevens and Hall. (1962) (19)
Incorporation of α,ω-Dicarboxylic Acids as Side-chains into the Penicillin Molecule (1960) (19)
6-Aminopenicillanic acid V. 6-Aminopenicillanic acid as a substrate for penicillinase and an inducer of penicillinase formation (1961) (18)
Interrelationship of glucose, glutamate and aspartate metabolism in rat cerebral cortical slices (1962) (18)
Purification of D-alanine carboxypeptidase from Escherichia coli B on a penicillin-Sepharose column. (1975) (18)
The metabolism of glutamate and aspartate in rat cerebral cortical slices (1962) (17)
The metabolism of glucose and pyruvate in rat retina (1962) (17)
Fusicoccin. Part IV. The structure of fusicoccin J (1975) (17)
The metabolism of glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate and their influence on the metabolism of glucose in rat-diaphragm muscle. (1964) (17)
Fusicoccin. Part III. The structure of fusicoccin H (1973) (16)
Comparative metabolism of Claviceps purpurea in vivo and in vitro. (1972) (16)
The metabolism of glutamic acid in rat retina (1962) (15)
Structure of Ferroverdin (1962) (15)
Fusicoccin. Part II. The constitution of fusicoccin (1971) (15)
Biosynthesis of N-(α-hydroxyethyl)-lysergamide, a metabolite of Claviceps paspali Stevens & Hall (1970) (15)
Purification of Penicillin (1942) (14)
IDENTITY OF PATULIN AND CLAVIFORMIN (1944) (14)
[Effect of mechanical stirring on the morphology of Penicillium chrysogenum Thom in stirred fermenters]. (1954) (14)
Studies on ferroverdin, a green iron-containing pigment produced by a Streptomyces Wak. species (1963) (13)
Carbohydrate Metabolism of Tumours (1940) (13)
Formation of 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid in Fermentation Liquors during the Submerged Culture Production of Lysergic Acid α-Hydroxyethylamide by Claviceps paspali Stevens and Hall (1961) (13)
Penicillin Derivatives of p-Aminobenzyl-penicillin (1959) (13)
EFFECT OF SNAKE VENOMS ON GLYCOLYSIS AND FERMENTATION IN CELL‐FREE EXTRACTS (1937) (12)
A new type of microrespirometer. (1939) (12)
Metabolism of hexose phosphate esters. I. Metabolism in normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbits. II. Metabolism in isolated rat diaphragm and the influence of insulin. (1953) (12)
Round table: are new antibiotics needed? (1965) (12)
Fusicoccin. Part I. The nature of the substituent groups (1971) (12)
Proactinomycin: A “Bacteriostatic” Produced by a Species of Proactinomyces. (1942) (11)
THE DISCOVERY OF THE CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF PENICILLIN (1944) (11)
CHEMISTRY OF PENICILLIN. (1945) (11)
The influence of insulin and of contraction on glucose metabolism in the perfused diaphragm muscle from normal and streptozotocin-treated rats. (1971) (10)
Aeration studies. III. Continuous measurement of dissolved oxygen during fermentation in large fermenters. (1961) (10)
The spontaneous decomposition of lecithin and its bearing on the determination of the isoelectric point. (1934) (10)
Participation of the ammonium ion in the transformation of glucose to amino acids in brain tissue (1960) (9)
The influence of glucose on acetate, alanine and pyruvate metabolism in rat cerebral cortical slices (1962) (9)
TISSUE AUTOLYSIS AND SHOCK (1941) (9)
STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE ANTIFERMENTING PRINCIPLE IN BLACK TIGER SNAKE VENOM (1938) (8)
Protein synthesis by perfused hearts from normal and insulin-deficient rats. Effect of insulin in the presence of glucose and after depletion of glucose, glucose 6-phosphate and glycogen. (1973) (8)
The Effect of Reoxygenation on Enzyme Release from the Anoxic Isolated Perfused Rat Heart (1973) (8)
Influence of Anti-insulin Serum on Glucose Metabolism: I. In Isolated Adipose Tissue (1967) (7)
PSEUDOMONIC ACID. PART 3. STRUCTURE OF PSEUDOMONIC ACID B (1977) (7)
Purification and Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Penicillin: with a Note on The Spectrographic Examination of Penicillin Preparations. (1942) (7)
On the Ampholytic Nature of Phospholipins (1935) (7)
EFFECT OF AMMONIUM AND OTHER IONS ON THE GLUCOSE-DEPENDENT ACTIVE TRANSPORT OF L-HISTIDINE IN SLICES OF RAT-BRAIN CORTEX. (1965) (7)
An effect of insulin on the adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase and guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase activities in the perfused Langendorff and working hearts of normal and diabetic rats. (1972) (6)
Effect of heart work and insulin on the incorporation of [14C]glucose into hexose phosphates, uridine diphosphate glucose and glycogen in the normal and insulin-deficient perfused rat heart under working and non-working conditions. (1976) (6)
STUDIES ON PHOSPHORYLCHOLINE (1937) (6)
The influence of insulin on the metabolism of glucosamine in the isolated rat diaphragm muscle. (1970) (6)
Glucose and the survival and recovery of the anoxic myocardium. (1972) (6)
A computerised scanner for bidimensional radiochromatograms (1970) (6)
FUSICOCCIN PART 3, THE STRUCTURE OF FUSICOCCIN H (1973) (6)
A nitrosophenol cobalt chelate produced by a streptomycete (1965) (6)
The metabolism of glucose 6-phosphate by mammalian cerebral cortex in vitro. (1971) (6)
Effect of glucose on enzyme release from, and recovery of, the anoxic myocardium. (1973) (6)
Myocardial Enzyme Release under Conditions of Graded Hypoxia: Studies with the Isolated Perfused Rat Heart (1973) (5)
NEUTRALISATION OF THE ANTIFERMENTING PRINCIPLE IN SNAKE VENOMS BY ANTIVENINS (1937) (5)
Fusicoccin: characterisation of the oxygen substituents (1968) (5)
Landmarks and Perspectives in Biochemical Research—I* (1965) (5)
Effect of fragmentation on interferon induction by double-stranded virus RNA. (1974) (5)
Biosynthesis of ergotamine. (1971) (4)
Studies on brain metabolism. (1962) (4)
Landmarks and Perspectives in Biochemical Research—II* (1965) (3)
Studies concerning lysergic and dihydrolysergic acid α-hydroxyethylamides (1967) (3)
Effects of Heart Work and Insulin on the Incorporation of [14C]Glucose into Hexose Phosphates and Uridine Diphosphate Glucose in Normal and Diabetic Perfused Rat Heart (1973) (3)
Diabetes and Anoxia: Studies with the Isolated Perfused Rat Heart (1973) (3)
Fusicoccin. 3. The structure of fusicoccin H. (1973) (3)
Effect of phosphate and bicarbonate ions on the fate of glucose-1-phosphate and glucose in isolated rat diaphragm muscle. (1954) (3)
Chemical properties and structure of the penicillins. (1948) (3)
EFFECT OF GLUTAMIC ACID ON PHOSPHORYLATIVE ACTIVITY IN CEREBRAL TISSUE IN VITRO (1962) (3)
Insulin and protein synthesis in the perfused rat heart. (1972) (3)
Fleming's contribution to the discovery of penicillin (1979) (2)
[The distribution of sulfurylcholine in fungi]. (1961) (2)
Influence of anaerobiosis on glucose metabolism in the isolated rat diaphragm muscle. (1960) (2)
[Effect of mechanical agitation on the production of kojic acid in submerged culture]. (1961) (2)
II. The Earlier Investigations relating to 2-Pentenylpenicillin (1949) (2)
Formation of a Lysergic Acid Derivative during the Parasitic Development of a Strain of Claviceps paspali Stevens and Hall (1964) (2)
[Contributions by the biochemist to drug research (author's transl)]. (1974) (2)
[Laboratory fermenter adapted for aeration system with vortex and air disperser]. (1954) (2)
A micromethod for the serial determination of organically bound halogen. (1952) (2)
A RETICULOCYTOGENIC AGENT FOR GUINEA‐PIGS PRESENT IN CERTAIN GASTRO‐INTESTINAL SECRETIONS (1938) (2)
Biosynthesis of N-(alpha-hydroxyethyl) lysergamide, a metabolite of Claviceps paspali Stevens and Hall. (1970) (2)
Influence of some mononucleotides and their corresponding nucleosides on the metabolism of carbohydrates in the isolated rat diaphragm muscle. (1965) (2)
Concluding remarks (1975) (1)
The Effects of Cardioplegia on Adenosine Triphosphate Content and Recovery in the Isolated Perfused Working Rat Heart (1974) (1)
The New Penicillins (1964) (1)
[Effect of phosphate and bicarbonate ions in the fate of glucose-1-phosphate and glucose in the isolated rat diaphragm]. (1956) (1)
[Pilot plant for fermentation in submersed cultures]. (1954) (1)
The chemistry of penicillin. (1948) (1)
Recent studies on carbohydrate metabolism. (1959) (1)
Thirthy years of penicillin therapy. (1971) (1)
OTHER ANTIBACTERIAL SUBSTANCES FROM BACTERIA AND MOULDS (1944) (1)
Incorporation of alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acids as side-chains into the penicillin molecule. (1960) (1)
The wilting toxins of Fusicoccum amygdali Del. (1969) (1)
Carbohydrate metabolism in rat liver. 3. Glycogen synthesis from glucose and fructose in vivo. (1956) (0)
FUSICOCCIN PART 4, THE STRUCTURE OF FUSICOCCIN J (1975) (0)
The development of bacterial chemotherapy. (1954) (0)
[Continuous measurement of the oxygen dissolved in culture fluids in presence of microorganisms]. (1960) (0)
British Diabetic Association Medical and Scientific Section, Spring Meeting Abstracts (1967) (0)
Studies concerning lysergic and dihydrolysergic acid alpha-hydroxyethylamides. (1967) (0)
[Great success of chemotherapy]. (1966) (0)
Use of radioisotopes in general biochemistry. (1965) (0)
[Effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol on glucose and phosphate metabolism in the diaphragm of rats]. (1956) (0)
Reflections on Research in Chemotherapy (1976) (0)
[Observations on submerged culture of Penicillium chrysogenum. I. Mycelial growth and autolysis]. (1953) (0)
Letter from E. B. Chain to Joshua Lederberg (1953) (0)
The catalytic effect of metal ions on alcoholysis of the penicillins. (1948) (0)
[Modern developments in antibacterial chemotherapy]. (1950) (0)
[The fate of 2-14C-labelled acetate in Penicillium chrysogenum]. (1961) (0)
The biochemical approach to biological phenomena. II. Antibiotics. (1955) (0)
Theoretical and methodological basis of continuous culture of microorganisms By I. Malek and Z. Fenel. Pp 655. Academic Press Inc., London, 1966. 208s (1968) (0)
The biochemical approach to biological phenomena. (1955) (0)
Carbohydrate metabolism in rat liver. 2. Glycogen and fatty acid synthesis from glucose and fructose in the perfused rat liver. (1956) (0)
Specificity of ester synthesizing enzymes. (1933) (0)
Turnover rates of myocardial proteins in the rat. (1972) (0)
The influence of insulin on the specific activities of the hexose phosphate esters and lactate formed from glucose in the isolated rat diaphragm muscle. (1961) (0)
Effect ofAmmonium andOtherIonson theGlucose-Dependent ActiveTransport ofL-Histidine inSlicesofRat-BrainCortex (1965) (0)
[Micromethod for serial determination of helogens in organic compounds]. (1953) (0)
Influence of 2 : 4-dinitrophenol on metabolism of glucose and phosphate in the rat's diaphragm. (1956) (0)
[90-Liter and 300-liter fermenters adapted for aeration with air disperser and vortex formation]. (1954) (0)
[Industrial microbiology; present scopes and future possibilities]. (1953) (0)
[Metabolism of organic acids by Penicillium chrysogenum Q 176 grown on acetate]. (1961) (0)
[The transgalactosidases of Penicillium chrysogenum]. (1955) (0)
[A medium for a simultaneous assay of l-triptophane desaminase, beta-galactosidase, motility and indole production (author's transl)]. (1951) (0)
[Chemistry & biochemistry of new antibiotics]. (1957) (0)
The development of bacterial chemotherapy. (1954) (0)
[Fate of radiocarbon-labeled glucose and fructose in isolated tissue]. (1955) (0)
[Hexosephosphate metabolism. 1. In normal and alloxan rats. 2. In the isolated rat diaphragm; the effect of insulin]. (1956) (0)
[Continuous automatic measurement and control of pH by means of sterilizable glass electrodes]. (1960) (0)
Wer ist's? — Ernst Boris Chain (1954) (0)
The biochemist's approach to medical research. (1970) (0)
[Modified type of rotating drum fermentation apparatus]. (1960) (0)
Identity of Patulin and Claviformin. With a Note on the Crystallography by D. CROWFOOT & B. Low. (1944) (0)
Twenty-five years of penicillin therapy in perspective. (1965) (0)
REMINISCENCES OF SEVERO OCHOA FROM OUR OXFORD DAYS (1976) (0)
FLOREY AND OTHERS : PENICILLIN AS A CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGEXT RESULTS OF THERAPEUTIC TESTS ON MICE INFECTED WITH iStrej (0)
[Biochemistry; the fate of uniformally marked glucose in diaphragm of normal and alloxan diabetic rats in the presence and absence of insulin]. (1954) (0)
Formation of glucose from glucose 6-phosphate by rat brain slices. (1972) (0)
Penicillin, the miraculous healer. (1946) (0)
[Studies on cerebral metabolism]. (1960) (0)
ACADEMIC AND INDUSTRIAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO DRUG RESEARCH. (1963) (0)
[The fate of S-35 sulfate and S-35 methionine in a high-yielding penicillin-producing strain of Penicillium chrysogenum and in a mutant nonproductive strain grown in a simple substitution medium]. (1961) (0)
[The penicillin discovery past and present (author's transl)]. (1978) (0)
The Sterilization of Media containing Solid Organic Material in Laboratory and Pilot Plant Fermenters. (1960) (0)
The biochemical approach to biological phenomena. III. Recent studies on intermediate carbohydrate metabolism. (1955) (0)
Obituary: Jacques Tréfouël (1977) (0)
Contributions from Chemical Microbiology to Therapeutic Medicine (1965) (0)
Carbohydrate metabolism in rat liver. 1. Metabolism of glucose and fructose in rat liver slices. (1956) (0)
[Correlation between protein and polynucleotide synthesis in Escherichia coli]. (1954) (0)
[Glucose-1-phosphate metabolism in normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbits]. (1951) (0)
[Recent progress in the field of glucide metabolism]. (1952) (0)
[ACADEMIC AND INDUSTRIAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH]. (1964) (0)

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