Francine Mary Benes
#138,412
Most Influential Person Now
Francine Mary Benes's AcademicInfluence.com Rankings
Francine Mary Benesbiology Degrees
Biology
#9635
World Rank
#12860
Historical Rank
Neuroscience
#1414
World Rank
#1463
Historical Rank

Download Badge
Biology
Why Is Francine Mary Benes Influential?
(Suggest an Edit or Addition)Francine Mary Benes's Published Works
Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works
Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author
Published Works
- GABAergic Interneurons: Implications for Understanding Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder (2001) (1049)
- Circuit-based framework for understanding neurotransmitter and risk gene interactions in schizophrenia (2008) (964)
- Deficits in small interneurons in prefrontal and cingulate cortices of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. (1991) (888)
- Myelination of a key relay zone in the hippocampal formation occurs in the human brain during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. (1994) (731)
- Quantitative cytoarchitectural studies of the cerebral cortex of schizophrenics. (1986) (516)
- Emerging principles of altered neural circuitry in schizophrenia (2000) (493)
- Molecular evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder. (2004) (462)
- Regulation of the GABA cell phenotype in hippocampus of schizophrenics and bipolars (2007) (447)
- Myelination of cortical-hippocampal relays during late adolescence. (1989) (445)
- Amygdalo‐cortical sprouting continues into early adulthood: Implications for the development of normal and abnormal function during adolescence (2002) (442)
- Density of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 messenger RNA-containing neurons that express the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR2A in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. (2004) (385)
- Fear Conditioning Occludes LTP-Induced Presynaptic Enhancement of Synaptic Transmission in the Cortical Pathway to the Lateral Amygdala (2002) (338)
- The density of pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons in anterior cingulate cortex of schizophrenic and bipolar subjects (2001) (330)
- Gene expression profiling of substantia nigra dopamine neurons: further insights into Parkinson's disease pathology. (2009) (301)
- Differential hippocampal expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and 67 messenger RNA in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. (2002) (293)
- Prefrontal cortical dendritic spine pathology in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. (2014) (285)
- Reduced neuronal size in posterior hippocampus of schizophrenic patients. (1991) (283)
- Up-regulation of GABAA receptor binding on neurons of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenic subjects (1996) (280)
- An analysis of the arrangement of neurons in the cingulate cortex of schizophrenic patients. (1987) (277)
- Convergence and plasticity of monoaminergic systems in the medial prefrontal cortex during the postnatal period: implications for the development of psychopathology. (2000) (267)
- A reduction of nonpyramidal cells in sector CA2 of schizophrenics and manic depressives (1998) (249)
- Two-dimensional versus three-dimensional cell counting: a practical perspective (2001) (237)
- The expression of proapoptosis genes is increased in bipolar disorder, but not in schizophrenia (2006) (179)
- Neurobiological investigations in cingulate cortex of schizophrenic brain. (1993) (167)
- Evidence for altered trisynaptic circuitry in schizophrenic hippocampus (1999) (166)
- Differences in the subregional and cellular distribution of GABAA receptor binding in the hippocampal formation of schizophrenic brain (1996) (153)
- Progressive ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: Comparison to bipolar affective disorder and correlation with clinical course (1990) (146)
- Increased vertical axon numbers in cingulate cortex of schizophrenics. (1987) (146)
- Cellular colocalization of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in rat medial prefrontal cortex (1995) (143)
- Increased density of glutamate-immunoreactive vertical processes in superficial laminae in cingulate cortex of schizophrenic brain. (1992) (139)
- Amygdalocortical Circuitry in Schizophrenia: From Circuits to Molecules (2010) (138)
- Model generation and testing to probe neural circuitry in the cingulate cortex of postmortem schizophrenic brain. (1998) (131)
- Analysis of Variance for Replicated Spatial Point Patterns in Clinical Neuroanatomy (1991) (128)
- The effects of haloperidol on synaptic patterns in the rat striatum (1985) (127)
- Rapid dendritic atrophy following deafferentation: An EM morphometric analysis (1977) (123)
- A cross-study meta-analysis and three-dimensional comparison of cell counting in the anterior cingulate cortex of schizophrenic and bipolar brain (2005) (114)
- Glutamate decarboxylase65-immunoreactive terminals in cingulate and prefrontal cortices of schizophrenic and bipolar brain (2000) (113)
- The role of stress and dopamine-GABA interactions in the vulnerability for schizophrenia. (1997) (105)
- Distribution of glutamate decarboxylase65 immunoreactive puncta on pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons in hippocampus of schizophrenic brain (1998) (100)
- Dopamnine‐Immunoreactive axon varicosities form nonrandom contacts with GABA‐immunoreactive neurons of rat medial prefrontal cortex (1993) (95)
- Uncoupling of GABAA and benzodiazepine receptor binding activity in the hippocampal formation of schizophrenic brain (1997) (89)
- Relationships between brain ct scan findings and cortisol in psychotic and nonpsychotic depressed patients (1989) (89)
- Normal Ventricles in Young Schizophrenics (1982) (88)
- Circuit- and Diagnosis-Specific DNA Methylation Changes at γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Related Genes in Postmortem Human Hippocampus in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. (2015) (87)
- Psychiatric Brain Banking: Three Perspectives on Current Trends and Future Directions (2011) (87)
- Increasing Interaction of amygdalar afferents with GABAergic interneurons between birth and adulthood. (2008) (86)
- DNA fragmentation decreased in schizophrenia but not bipolar disorder. (2003) (85)
- Differential distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase fibers on small and large neurons in layer II of anterior cingulate cortex of schizophrenic brain (1997) (84)
- Carlsson and the discovery of dopamine. (2001) (83)
- GluR5,6,7 subunit immunoreactivity on apical pyramidal cell dendrites in hippocampus of schizophrenics and manic depressives (2001) (82)
- Haloperidol-induced plasticity of axon terminals in rat substantia nigra. (1983) (80)
- Increased interaction of dopamine‐immunoreactive varicosities with GABA neurons of rat medial prefrontal cortex occurs during the postweanling period (1996) (78)
- Amygdalar activation alters the hippocampal GABA system: “Partial” modelling for postmortem changes in schizophrenia (2001) (76)
- Brain development, VII. Human brain growth spans decades. (1998) (75)
- DNA fragmentation is increased in non-GABAergic neurons in bipolar disorder but not in schizophrenia (2007) (73)
- Circuitry-based gene expression profiles in GABA cells of the trisynaptic pathway in schizophrenics versus bipolars (2008) (73)
- Altered glutamatergic and GABAergic mechanisms in the cingulate cortex of the schizophrenic brain. (1995) (72)
- Postnatal maturation of GABA‐immunoreactive neurons of rat medial prefron tal cortex (1995) (66)
- Long‐term effects of amygdala GABA receptor blockade on specific subpopulations of hippocampal interneurons (2004) (65)
- Synaptic rearrangements in medial prefrontal cortex of haloperidol-treated rats (1985) (62)
- The effects of chronic haloperidol administration on GABA‐immunoreactive. Axon terminals in rat medial prefrontal cortex (1994) (61)
- Regulation of synaptic plasticity in a schizophrenia model. (2005) (60)
- Is There a Neuroanatomic Basis for Schizophrenia? An Old Question Revisited (1995) (60)
- Site-specific regulation of cell cycle and DNA repair in post-mitotic GABA cells in schizophrenic versus bipolars (2009) (59)
- Meta-analysis of postmortem studies of Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology in schizophrenia. (1997) (57)
- Differential alterations of kainate receptor subunits in inhibitory interneurons in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (2007) (53)
- Post-mortem structural analyses of schizophrenic brain: study designs and the interpretation of data. (1988) (52)
- Effects of pre‐ and postnatal corticosterone exposure on the rat hippocampal GABA system (2001) (52)
- 3. Evidence for neurodevelopment disturbances in anterior cingulate cortex of post-mortem schizophrenic brain (1991) (51)
- Alterations of neural circuitry within layer II of anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia. (1999) (50)
- Psychopathology : the evolving science of mental disorder (1996) (49)
- Searching for unique endophenotypes for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder within neural circuits and their molecular regulatory mechanisms. (2007) (48)
- N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor and Calbindin-Containing Neurons in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder (2008) (48)
- Differences in the cellular distribution of D1 receptor mRNA in the hippocampus of bipolars and schizophrenics (2004) (47)
- Neural Circuitry Models of Schizophrenia: Is it Dopamine, GABA, Glutamate, or Something Else? (2009) (46)
- Laminar-specific distribution and infrastructural detail of amyloid in the Alzheimer disease cortex visualized by computer-enhanced imaging of epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies. (1988) (46)
- Localization of cells preferentially expressing GAD(67) with negligible GAD(65) transcripts in the rat hippocampus. A double in situ hybridization study. (1999) (44)
- Relationship of Cingulate Cortex to Schizophrenia and Other Psychiatric Disorders (1993) (44)
- The GABA System in Schizophrenia: Cells, Molecules and Microcircuitry (2015) (43)
- Evidence for axonal loss in regions occupied by senile plaques in Alzheimer cortex (1991) (38)
- Workshop on schizophrenia. (1997) (36)
- Evidence for ultrastructural changes in cortical axodendritic synapses following long-term treatment with haloperidol or clozapine. (1991) (36)
- The Relationship Between Structural Brain Imaging and Histopathologic Findings in Schizophrenia Research (1993) (36)
- Dopamine-immunoreactive axon varicosities form nonrandom contacts with GABA-immunoreactive neurons of rat medial prefrontal cortex. (1993) (36)
- Amygdalocortical Circuitry in Schizophrenia: From Circuits to Molecules (2010) (34)
- ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF PHOSPHOLIPID SYNTHESIS IN THE RAT TRIGEMINAL NERVE DURING MYELINATION (1973) (33)
- Regulation of cell cycle and DNA repair in post-mitotic GABA neurons in psychotic disorders (2011) (32)
- Déja vu all over again. (1998) (31)
- The Development of the Prefrontal Cortex: The Maturation of Neurotransmitter Systems and Their Interactions (2015) (30)
- Amygdala-Dependent Regulation of Electrical Properties of Hippocampal Interneurons in a Model of Schizophrenia (2009) (29)
- Developmental changes in stress adaptation in relation to psychopathology (1994) (28)
- High‐resolution Scatchard analysis shows D1 receptor binding on pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons (1998) (25)
- Increased density of entorhinal glutamate-immunoreactive vertical fibers in schizophrenia (2005) (25)
- Why does psychosis develop during adolescence and early adulthood (2003) (24)
- Neonatal raphe lesions increase dopamine fibers in prefrontal cortex of adult rats (1998) (23)
- Building models for postmortem abnormalities in hippocampus of schizophrenics (2015) (23)
- Altered prefrontal cortical MARCKS and PPP1R9A mRNA expression in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (2015) (23)
- High resolution imaging of receptor binding in analyzing neuropsychiatric diseases. (1989) (22)
- Evidence for a diffusional model of Alzheimer amyloid A4 (β-amyloid) deposition during neuritic plaque formation (1989) (21)
- Induction of the GABA Cell Phenotype: An In Vitro Model for Studying Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2012) (21)
- GABAergic neurons regulate lateral ventricular development via transcription factor Pax5 (2013) (20)
- Immunostaining of neurofilament protein in human postmortem cortex: a sensitive and specific approach to the pattern analysis of human cortical cytoarchitecture. (1985) (20)
- Biochemical and morphometric studies of the relationship of acetylcholine synthesis and vesicle numbers after stimulation of frog neuromuscular junctions: The effect of acholine-O-acetyltransferase inhibitor (1978) (19)
- Diminished serotonergic innervation of adult medial prefrontal cortex after 6-OHDA lesions in the newborn rat. (2005) (19)
- A rodent model of schizophrenia derived from postmortem studies (2009) (18)
- Relationship of GAD67regulation to cell cycle and DNA repair in GABA neurons in the adult hippocampus: Bipolar disorder versus schizophrenia (2010) (18)
- Microscopic Findings in the Cortex and Hippocampus of Schizophrenic and Schizoaffective Patients (1995) (18)
- Toward dissecting the etiology of schizophrenia: HDAC1 and DAXX regulate GAD67 expression in an in vitro hippocampal GABA neuron model (2016) (17)
- A rat model for neural circuitry abnormalities in schizophrenia (2006) (16)
- Acute amygdalar activation induces an upregulation of multiple monoamine G protein coupled pathways in rat hippocampus (2004) (16)
- A disturbance of late myelination as a trigger for Alzheimer’s disease (2004) (16)
- Effect of age and neuroleptics on tyrosine hydroxylase-IR in sector CA2 of schizophrenic brain. (1999) (16)
- Differences in the circuitry-based association of copy numbers and gene expression between the hippocampi of patients with schizophrenia and the hippocampi of patients with bipolar disorder. (2012) (15)
- Nicotinic receptors and functional regulation of GABA cell microcircuitry in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. (2012) (15)
- Development of the glutamate, GABA, and dopamine systems in relation to NRH-induced neurotoxicity (1995) (15)
- Atypical neuroleptics, dose-response relationships, and treatment-resistant psychosis. (1989) (14)
- Dysbindin-1 contributes to prefrontal cortical dendritic arbor pathology in schizophrenia (2018) (14)
- Proceedings and data from The Schizophrenia Summit: a critical appraisal to improve the management of Schizophrenia. (2009) (13)
- FINE STRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF ACYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN RAT HEPATOCYTES (1972) (13)
- Behavioral Correlates of Computed Tomographic (CT) Scan Changes in Older Psychiatric Patients (1985) (13)
- Comparison of MRI and CT scans in a group of psychiatric patients. (1988) (13)
- What an archaeological dig can tell us about macro- and microcircuitry in brains of schizophrenia subjects. (1997) (12)
- Localization and high-resolution imaging of cortical neurotransmitter compartments using confocal laser scanning microscopy: GABA and glutamate interactions in rat cortex. (1991) (12)
- Changes in dendritic spine morphology in response to increased availability of monoamines in rat medial prefrontal cortex (1991) (11)
- The spatial distribution of neurons and glia in human cortex based on the poisson distribution. (1987) (11)
- Variability of DNA Methylation within Schizophrenia Risk Loci across Subregions of Human Hippocampus (2017) (11)
- Alzheimer cortical neurons containing abundant amyloid mRNA. Relationship to amyloid deposition and senile plaques. (1990) (11)
- Kainate Receptor-Mediated Modulation of Hippocampal Fast Spiking Interneurons in a Rat Model of Schizophrenia (2012) (11)
- Is there evidence for neuronal loss in schizophrenia (1997) (10)
- Schizophrenia, II: amygdalar fiber alteration as etiology? (2003) (10)
- Searching human brain for mechanisms of psychiatric disorders. Implications for studies on schizophrenia (2015) (10)
- Acute amygdalar activation induces an upregulation of multiple monoamine G protein-coupled pathways in rat hippocampus (2004) (9)
- The role of apoptosis in neuronal pathology in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (2004) (9)
- Benes and Lange respond: reconciling theory and practice in cell counting (2001) (8)
- CT scan studies of superficial cerebral regions: frequency and distribution of abnormalities in elderly psychiatric patients (1983) (8)
- Ethical issues in brain banking (2005) (7)
- Psychopathology: The defects of affect and attention in schizophrenia: A possible neuroanatomical substrate (1996) (7)
- Strategies for improving sensitivity of gene expression profiling: regulation of apoptosis in the limbic lobe of schizophrenics and bipolars. (2006) (7)
- Location matters: distinct DNA methylation patterns in GABAergic interneuronal populations from separate microcircuits within the human hippocampus (2018) (6)
- A novel AP180‐related protein in vesicles that concentrate at acetylcholine receptor clusters (1998) (5)
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders (2021) (5)
- A New Paradigm for Understanding Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Cell Pathology in Schizophrenia? (2012) (5)
- A Modular Arrangement of Neuronal Processes in Human Cortex: Disruption With Aging and in Alzheimer's Disease (1988) (5)
- Epigenetic Regulation of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 67 in a Hippocampal Circuit (2017) (5)
- Is the GABA cell a final common pathway for the etiology and treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (2002) (4)
- How is your biobank handling disaster recovery efforts? (2013) (4)
- Construction and implantation of a microinfusion system for sustained delivery of neuroactive agents (2008) (4)
- The neurobiology of bipolar disorder: from circuits to cells to molecular regulation. (2011) (4)
- Clinical evidence that a dysregulated master neural network modulator may aid in diagnosing schizophrenia (2021) (4)
- Mapping of hippocampal gene clusters regulated by the amygdala to nonlinkage sites for schizophrenia (2006) (3)
- Rat modeling for GABA defects in schizophrenia. (2006) (3)
- Acute administration of SCH23390 increases D1 receptors on nonpyramidal neurons in rat mPFC (2000) (3)
- Course and Pattern of Cingulate Pathology in Schizophrenia (2009) (3)
- Hippocampus, III: GABA-containing cell bodies and GAD mRNA. (2005) (3)
- Images in neuroscience. Cortical GABA-ergic interneurons. (1994) (3)
- Neurodevelopmental Approach to the Study of Mental Illness (1999) (3)
- Konrad Lorenz, 1903-1989. (2004) (3)
- Specific increase in size of lamina II pyramidal cells in the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia (1998) (3)
- Decreases in volume and parvalbumin-imunoreactive neurons in the amygdala of schizophrenic and bipolar disorder patients (2003) (2)
- Decreased hippocampal expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and 67 mRNA in bipolar disorder (2001) (2)
- The development of “mis-wired” limbic lobe circuitry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (2004) (2)
- Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Structural and molecular interrogation of intact biological systems. (2013) (2)
- Faculty Opinions recommendation of Rac GEF Dock4 interacts with cortactin to regulate dendritic spine formation. (2013) (1)
- DNA fragmentation is reduced in anterior cingulate cortex of schizophrenics, but not bipolars (2003) (1)
- Neurology for the Non-Neurologist, 5th ed. (2005) (1)
- Psychopathology: Editor's introduction: From controversy to connectivity (1996) (1)
- Faculty Opinions recommendation of Investigation of anatomical thalamo-cortical connectivity and FMRI activation in schizophrenia. (2012) (1)
- GLUTAMATERGIC MODULATION OF PARVALBUMIN MESSENGER RNA-CONTAINING NEURONS VIA THE N-METHYL D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX IN SCHIZOPHRENIA (2008) (1)
- Searching for a Cellular Endophenotype for Bipolar Disorder (2007) (0)
- Neurodevelopmental Mechanisms in Psychopathology: Interactions of the Dopamine, Serotonin, and GABA Systems During Childhood and Adolescence: Influence of Stress on the Vulnerability for Psychopathology (2003) (0)
- DPP volume 22 issue 3 Cover and Front matter (2010) (0)
- Dr. Benes Replies (2005) (0)
- 451. High resolution scatchard analysis of the D1 receptor in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (1996) (0)
- Faculty Opinions recommendation of Glucocorticoid suppresses dendritic spine development mediated by down-regulation of caldesmon expression. (2013) (0)
- Increases of Calbindin-Containing Chandelier Cartridges in Schizophrenia: Fact or Artifact? (2017) (0)
- Deserving the last great gift. (2003) (0)
- Neurobiology of Schizophrenia (2002) (0)
- PL.05.01 Role of GABA neurons in schizophrenia (2014) (0)
- Correction (2008) (0)
- Circuitry-specific hypermetabolism in the hippocampus of bipolar patients (2016) (0)
- Faculty Opinions recommendation of Selection of reference gene expression in a schizophrenia brain cohort. (2012) (0)
- Sleep Medicine in Clinical Practice, by Michael H. Silber, (2005) (0)
- Mind, Brain, and Education in Reading Disorders: Appendix: Transcript and behavioral data from Profiles in Reading Skills (Four Boys) (2007) (0)
- Faculty Opinions recommendation of Maternal care and DNA methylation of a glutamic acid decarboxylase 1 promoter in rat hippocampus. (2011) (0)
- Philip S Holzman: A Legacy of Wisdom and Optimism (2005) (0)
- Defining the Role of Specific Limbic Circuitry in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder (2002) (0)
- Reply (2002) (0)
- Rat Modeling for GABA Defects (2006) (0)
- 83-4 Abnormal corticolimbic circuitry in schizophrenia (1997) (0)
- Faculty Opinions recommendation of Neuronal circuit-dependent alterations in expression of two isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase in the hippocampus following electroconvulsive shock: A stereology-based study. (2009) (0)
- Increased glutamatergic innervation of entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia (1996) (0)
- S.19.01 Dopamine-GABA interactions in relation to schizophrenia (1996) (0)
- S.22.02 Understanding complex inputs to an abnormal circuitry in the trisynaptic pathway in schizophrenia (2017) (0)
- The GABA Cell in Relation to Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder (2003) (0)
- 94 The distribution of glutamate decarboxylase65-immunoreactive (GAD65 - IR) terminals on pyramidal (PN) and nonpyramidal (NP) neurons in cingulate cortex of schizophrenics (SZs) (1997) (0)
- A neurodevelopmental perspective on altered cortical circuits in schizophrenia (1993) (0)
- Evidence for a novel vesicular epitope in muscle cells with homology to AP-180. (1996) (0)
- Faculty Opinions recommendation of NMDA receptors subserve persistent neuronal firing during working memory in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. (2013) (0)
- Identifying Novel Target Genes in Psychotic Disorder Network Association Analyses (2008) (0)
- Investigations of the Relationship Between Acetylcholine Synthesis and the Recycling of Synaptic Vesicles (1976) (0)
- Faculty Opinions recommendation of Epistasis dominates the genetic architecture of Drosophila quantitative traits. (2013) (0)
- Faculty Opinions recommendation of Inhibition of mediodorsal thalamus disrupts thalamofrontal connectivity and cognition. (2013) (0)
- Faculty Opinions recommendation of Loss of dendritic HCN1 subunits enhances cortical excitability and epileptogenesis. (2009) (0)
- Faculty Opinions recommendation of Microduplications of 16p11.2 are associated with schizophrenia. (2009) (0)
- 60.2 Molecular Dysregulation of the GABAergic Phenotype in Interneurons as a Path to Circuitry Dysfunction in Sz (2017) (0)
- Much Room for Improvement in Antipsychotic Drug Therapy for Schizophrenia (2004) (0)
- Amygdalar fiber alteration as etiology (2003) (0)
- Recognition and Prevention of Major Mental and Substance Use Disorders (2007) (0)
- Book Review:Psychopathology and the Brain. Derived from a Meeting Held in 1989. Bernard J. Carroll, James E. Barrett (1993) (0)
- Explorer GABAergic neurons regulate lateral ventricular development via transcription factor Pax 5 (2017) (0)
- Mind, Brain, and Education in Reading Disorders: Brain bases of reading disabilities (2007) (0)
- Introduction (2001) (0)
- Brain Banking : Three Perspectives on urrent Trends and Future Directions (2010) (0)
- Brain CT scan findings and HPA axis disruption in psychotic and nonpsychotic depressed patients (1987) (0)
This paper list is powered by the following services:
What Schools Are Affiliated With Francine Mary Benes?
Francine Mary Benes is affiliated with the following schools: