Frederick M. Lord

Frederick M. Lord's AcademicInfluence.com Rankings

Frederick M. Lord

Psychology

#1053

World Rank

#1308

Historical Rank

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Psychology

Frederick M. Lord's Degrees

PhD Psychology University of Chicago

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Frederick M. Lord's Published Works

Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works

Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author

Published Works

Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. (1971) (7206)
Applications of Item Response Theory To Practical Testing Problems (1980) (4980)
Some latent train models and their use in inferring an examinee's ability (1966) (2321)
Developing a Common Metric in Item Response Theory (1982) (805)
A paradox in the interpretation of group comparisons. (1967) (613)
A theory of test scores. (1952) (555)
Comparison of IRT True-Score and Equipercentile Observed-Score "Equatings" (1984) (346)
On the Statistical Treatment of Football Numbers. (1953) (304)
The Measurement of Growth (1956) (301)
The Relation of Test Score to the Trait Underlying the Test (1952) (223)
SOME TEST THEORY FOR TAILORED TESTING (1968) (187)
An Analysis of the Verbal Scholastic Aptitude Test Using Birnbaum's Three-Parameter Logistic Model (1968) (181)
Estimation of latent ability and item parameters when there are omitted responses (1974) (176)
Unbiased estimators of ability parameters, of their variance, and of their parallel-forms reliability (1983) (167)
MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD AND BAYESIAN PARAMETER ESTIMATION IN ITEM RESPONSE THEORY (1984) (149)
The relation of the reliability of multiple-choice tests to the distribution of item difficulties (1952) (148)
A theoretical distribution for mental test scores (1962) (130)
A strong true-score theory, with applications. (1965) (128)
An Upper Asymptote for the Three-Parameter Logistic Item-Response Model. (1981) (127)
Further Problems in the Measurement of Growth (1958) (126)
An Investigation of Methods for Reducing Sampling Error in Certain IRT Procedures (1983) (125)
FORMULA SCORING AND NUMBER-RIGHT SCORING1 (1975) (124)
A Broad-Range Tailored Test of Verbal Ability (1975) (119)
Statistical adjustments when comparing preexisting groups. (1969) (113)
Sampling fluctuations resulting from the sampling of test items (1955) (107)
A Theoretical Study of Two-Stage Testing. (1971) (106)
Practical Applications of Item Characteristic Curve Theory. (1977) (104)
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF ITEM CHARACTERISTIC CURVE THEORY (1977) (91)
Estimation of Parameters from Incomplete Data (1954) (89)
An application of confidence intervals and of maximum likelihood to the estimation of an examinee's ability (1953) (87)
Estimating Test Reliability (1955) (87)
STATISTICAL ADJUSTMENTS WHEN COMPARING PREEXISTING GROUPS (1968) (84)
Estimating true-score distributions in psychological testing (an empirical bayes estimation problem) (1969) (84)
Large-Sample Covariance Analysis when the Control Variable is Fallible (1960) (83)
The ‘ability’ scale in item characteristic curve theory (1975) (82)
A study of speed factors in tests and academic grades (1956) (80)
OPTIMAL NUMBER OF CHOICES PER ITEM— A COMPARISON OF FOUR APPROACHES* (1977) (78)
STANDARD ERRORS OF MEASUREMENT AT DIFFERENT ABILITY LEVELS (1984) (74)
Maximum likelihood estimation of item response parameters when some responses are omitted (1983) (74)
The Standard Error of Equipercentile Equating (1981) (74)
LARGE‐SAMPLE COVARIANCE ANALYSIS WHEN THE CONTROL VARIABLE IS FALLIBLE* (1958) (73)
THE SELF‐SCORING FLEXILEVEL TEST1 (1971) (70)
Small n justifies the Rasch model (1983) (70)
Estimating Norms by Item-Sampling (1962) (69)
DO TESTS OF THE SAME LENGTH HAVE THE SAME STANDARD ERROR OF MEASUREMENT (1956) (65)
A strong true-score theory, with applications (1965) (62)
Some relations between guttman's principal components of scale analysis and other psychometric theory (1958) (62)
Item characteristic curves estimated without knowledge of their mathematical form—a confrontation of Birnbaum's logistic model (1970) (59)
NOTES ON COMPARABLE SCALES FOR TEST SCORES (1950) (58)
A significance test for the hypothesis that two variables measure the same trait except for errors of measurement (1957) (57)
Formula Scoring and Validity (1962) (56)
Tests of the Same Length do Have the Same Standard Error of Measurement (1957) (54)
EFFICIENCY OF PREDICTION WHEN A REGRESSION EQUATION FROM ONE SAMPLE IS USED IN A NEW SAMPLE (1950) (54)
EVALUATION WITH ARTIFICIAL DATA OF A PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING ABILITY AND ITEM CHARACTERISTIC CURVE PARAMETERS1 (1975) (51)
Robbins-Monro Procedures for Tailored Testing (1971) (48)
Reliability of multiple-choice tests as a function of number of choices per item. (1944) (47)
Equating test scores—A maximum likelihood solution (1955) (45)
ROBBINS‐MONRO PROCEDURES FOR TAILORED TESTING* (1969) (44)
Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores (1969) (44)
ESTIMATING NORMS BY ITEM SAMPLING (1961) (43)
An approach to mental test theory (1959) (42)
Statistical inferences about true scores (1959) (39)
Tailored Testing, an Application of Stochastic Approximation (1971) (36)
A Theoretical Study of the Measurement Effectiveness of Flexilevel Tests (1971) (35)
INDIVIDUALIZED TESTING AND ITEM CHARACTERISTIC CURVE THEORY (1972) (34)
A Survey of Observed Test-Score Distributions With Respect to Skewness and Kurtosis1 (1955) (33)
Cutting scores and errors of measurement (1962) (31)
Use of true-score theory to predict moments of univariate and bivariate observed-score distributions (1960) (30)
Statistical bias in maximum likelihood estimators of item parameters (1983) (28)
Sampling Variances and Covariances of Parameter Estimates in Item Response Theory. (1982) (27)
The Effect of Random Guessing on Test Validity (1964) (27)
Standard Error of an Equating by Item Response Theory (1981) (26)
THE UTILIZATION OF UNRELIABLE DIFFERENCE SCORES (1958) (25)
ITEM SAMPLING IN TEST THEORY AND IN RESEARCH DESIGN (1965) (23)
An empirical study of the normality and independence of errors of measurement in test scores (1960) (23)
Testing if two measuring procedures measure the same dimension. (1973) (23)
ESTIMATING ITEM CHARACTERISTIC CURVES WITHOUT KNOWLEDGE OF THEIR MATHEMATICAL FORM (1968) (22)
Automated Hypothesis Tests and Standard Errors for Nonstandard Problems. (Revised). (1973) (21)
Notes on a problem of multiple classification (1952) (20)
A SURVEY OF EQUATING METHODS BASED ON ITEM CHARACTERISTIC CURVE THEORY (1975) (20)
THE SELF‐SCORING FLEXILEVEL TEST* (1970) (19)
The utilization of unreliable difference scores. (1958) (19)
A Computer Program for Estimating Examinee Ability and Item Characteristic Curve Parameters When There are Omitted Responses. (1973) (19)
The relative efficiency of two tests as a function of ability level (1974) (17)
AN ANALYSIS OF THE VERBAL SCHOLASTIC APTITUDE TEST USING BIRNBAUM'S THREE-PARAMETER LOGISTIC MODEL1 (1967) (16)
A note on the normal ogive or logistic curve in item analysis. (1965) (15)
Comparison of IRT Observed-Score and True-Score 'Equatings.'. (1983) (14)
RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF NUMBER‐RIGHT AND FORMULA SCORES (1975) (14)
A THEORY OF TEST SCORES AND THEIR RELATION TO THE TRAIT MEASURED (1951) (14)
Biserial estimates of correlation (1963) (14)
An Investigation of Methods for Reducing Sampling Error in Certain IRT (Item Response Theory) Procedures. (1983) (14)
An Index of the Discriminating Power of a Test at Different Parts of the Score Range (1958) (14)
PRACTICAL METHODS FOR REDESIGNING A HOMOGENEOUS TEST, ALSO FOR DESIGNING A MULTILEVEL TEST* (1974) (13)
Sampling Error due to Choice of Split in Split-Half Reliability Coefficients (1956) (13)
An interval estimate for making statistical inferences about true scores (1976) (13)
A MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD APPROACH TO TEST SCORES (1951) (13)
Nominally and rigorously parallel test forms (1964) (12)
Some perspectives on the attenuation paradox in test theory. (1954) (12)
Further Comment on "Football Numbers". (1954) (12)
THE MOST RELIABLE COMPOSITE WITH A SPECIFIED TRUE SCORE1 (1956) (12)
An Empirical Study of the Stability of a Group Mean in Relation to the Distribution of Test Items Among Students (1958) (11)
Problems in Mental Test Theory Arising from Errors of Measurement (1959) (11)
Test Reliability—A Correction (1962) (11)
Significance Test for a Partial Correlation Corrected for Attenuation (1974) (11)
Do Tests of the Same Length Have the Same Standard Errors of Measurement? (1957) (10)
TEST NORMS AND SAMPLING THEORY (1957) (10)
A Study of Item Bias Using Characteristic Curve Theory. (1976) (10)
CONJUNCTIVE AND DISJUNCTIVE ITEM RESPONSE FUNCTIONS (1984) (9)
Testing if Two Measuring Procedures Measure the Same Psychological Dimension. (1971) (9)
QUICK ESTIMATES OF THE RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF TWO TESTS AS A FUNCTION OF ABILITY LEVEL1 (1973) (9)
A Computer Program for Estimating True-Score Distributions and Graduating Observed-Score Distributions (1969) (9)
CONFIDENCE BANDS FOR THE THREE‐PARAMETER LOGISTIC ITEM RESPONSE CURVE (1988) (9)
THE NEGATIVE HYPERGEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION WITH PRACTICAL APPLICATION TO MENTAL TEST SCORES (1960) (8)
A Numerical Empirical Bayes Procedure for Finding an Interval Estimate. (1971) (8)
Some Item Analysis and Test Theory for a System of Computer-Assisted Test Construction for Individualized Instruction (1977) (8)
THE PRE‐ENGINEERING INVENTORY AS A PREDICTOR OF SUCCESS IN ENGINEERING COLLEGES (1949) (7)
An empirical study of item-test regression. (1965) (7)
Estimating the Imputed Social Cost of Errors of Measurement. (1985) (7)
Problems in mathematical education (1956) (7)
The Pre-Engineering Inventory as a predictor of success in engineering colleges. (1950) (7)
VARIANCE STABILIZING TRANSFORMATION OF THE STEPPED‐UP RELIABILITY COEFFICIENT1 (1974) (6)
NOMOGRAPH FOR COMPUTING MULTIPLE CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS (1954) (6)
Power Scores Estimated By Item Characteristic Curves (1973) (6)
Alignment chart for calculating the fourfold point correlation coefficient (1944) (6)
Cutting Scores and Errors of Measurement-a Second Case (1963) (5)
An empirical study of item-test regression (1965) (5)
A theoretical study of two-stage testing (1971) (5)
EFFICIENCY OF ESTIMATION WHEN THERE IS ONLY ONE COMMON FACTOR (1971) (4)
Inferences About True Scores from Parallel Test Forms1 (1959) (4)
Contribution of Verbal Item Types in the GRE General Test to Accuracy of Measurement of the Verbal Scores (1985) (4)
INFERRING THE SHAPE OF THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF TRUE SCORES AND OF ERRORS OF MEASUREMENT (1957) (4)
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE STABILITY OF A GROUP MEAN IN RELATION TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF TEST ITEMS AMONG PUPILS (1956) (4)
THE MOST RELIABLE COMPOSITE SCORE (1955) (4)
EQUATING TEST SCORES – THE MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD SOLUTION FOR A COMMON EQUATING PROBLEM (1954) (4)
A Nomograph for Computing Partial Correlation Coefficients (1960) (4)
Significance Test for a Partial Correlation Corrected for Attenuation. (1972) (4)
VARIANCE‐STABILIZING TRANSFORMATION OF THE STEPPED‐UP RELIABILITY COEFFICIENT1 (1972) (4)
PREDICTION OF SCHOLASTIC ACHIEVEMENT FROM NONCOGNITIVE FACTORS (1950) (4)
Estimating true measurements from fallible measurements (binomial case) (1962) (4)
THE JOINT CUMULANTS OF TRUE VALUES AND ERRORS OF MEASUREMENT (1958) (3)
Autest--Program to Perform Automated Hypothesis for Nonstandard Problems. (1973) (3)
AN EMPIRICAL COMPARISON OF THE VALIDITY OF CERTAIN FORMULA‐SCORES1 (1964) (3)
Chapter II: Scaling (1954) (3)
PROPERTIES OF TEST SCORES EXPRESSED AS FUNCTIONS OF THE ITEM PARAMETERS (1950) (3)
Corrigenda: A Nomograph for Computing Partial Correlation Coefficients (1962) (2)
TRUE SCORE THEORY–THE FOUR‐PARAMETER BETA MODEL WITH BINOMIAL ERRORS* (1964) (2)
A Computer Program for Estimating Item Characteristic Curve Parameters Using Birnbaum's Three-Parameter Logistic Model (1972) (2)
SPEEDED TESTS AND POWER TESTS–AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF VALIDITIES* (1953) (2)
ESTIMATING TRUE-SCORE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR MENTAL TESTS (METHOD 16). (1967) (2)
Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. (2010) (2)
OPTIMAL NUMBER OF CHOICES PER ITEM—A COMPARISON OF FOUR APPROACHES1 (1976) (2)
Randomly parallel tests and Lyerly's basic assumption for the Kuder-Richardson formula (21) (1959) (2)
Council on Measurement in Education (Seattle (2001) (2)
CUTTING SCORES AND ERRORS OF MEASUREMENT--A SECOND CASE (1962) (2)
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATION OF THE RELIABILITY OF MULTIPLE CHOICE TESTS TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF ITEM DIFFICULTIES (1951) (2)
A PROGRAM FOR ESTIMATING A BIVARIATE DISTRIBUTION OF TEST scores from the marginals. (1969) (2)
Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. (2016) (1)
An Interval Estimate for Statistical Inference About True Scores. (1972) (1)
A note on the normal ogive or logistic curve in item analysis (1965) (1)
A Plan for Scaling the Computerized Adaptive ASVAB (Vocational Aptitude Battery). (1983) (1)
Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. (2015) (1)
EVALUATING THE MULTIVARIATE NORMAL INTEGRAL OVER A RECTANGULAR REGION WHEN THE CORRELATION MATRIX HAS ONLY ONE COMMON FACTOR (1957) (1)
RIGOROUSLY AND NONRIGOROUSLY PARALLEL TEST FORMS (1964) (1)
A NOTE ON THE VALIDITY OF SCORES CORRECTED FOR GUESSING IN THE CASE OF CERTAIN FIGURE‐CLASSIFICATION ITEMS (1950) (1)
Automated Hypothesis Tests and Standard Errors for Nonstandard Problems with Description of Computer Package: A Draft. (1972) (1)
Efficiency of Estimation when there is only One Common Factor. (1971) (1)
POWER SCORES ESTIMATED BY ITEM CHARACTERISTIC CURVES1 (1972) (1)
Preparation of Profile Charts on the IBM Tabulator (1949) (1)
ESTIMATING TRUE-SCORE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR MENTAL TESTS (METHODS 12, 14, 15). (1967) (1)
Other weak true-score models (1966) (0)
SOME ITEM ANALYSIS AND TEST THEORY FOR A SYSTEM OF COMPUTER ASSISTED TEST CONSTRUCTION FOR INDIVIDUALIZED INSTRUCTION (1976) (0)
Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. (2017) (0)
Psychological Testing Theory (2006) (0)
A PREDICTION INTERVAL FOR SCORE ON A PARALLEL TEST FORM (1978) (0)
The classical test theory model (1966) (0)
REDUCING TYPE‐2 SAMPLING ERRORS IN THE ESTIMATION OF TEST RELIABILITY (1955) (0)
NOTES ON THE PROBLEM OF MULTIPLE SELECTION (1950) (0)
Estimating the imputed social cost of errors of measurement (1985) (0)
[MAD Query]: Reply (1983) (0)
A Report On Scholarship Examinations Given in Latin American Countries for the Selection of Students To Be Trained in Meteorology (1944) (0)
Book reviews (1962) (0)
Validity and test construction theory (1966) (0)
Estimation and Specification Error in Item Response Theory. (1983) (0)
RH-72-50 INDIVIDUALIZED TESTING AND ITEM CHARACTERISTIC CURVE THEORY (2007) (0)
The Experimental Method of Successive Intervals The Melhod of Successive Intervals (0)
Inferring true scores from fallible scores (1961) (0)
A Prediction Interval for a Score on a Parallel Test Form (1981) (0)
ABSTRACT In item calibration using (1993) (0)
A Statistical Test for Cheating. (1974) (0)
The foundations of mental measurement theory (1966) (0)
Comment on “Statistical Treatment of Nominal Numbers” (1971) (0)
A SURVEY OF ACTUAL TEST‐SCORE DISTRIBUTIONS WITH RESPECT TO SKEWNESS AND KURTOSIS* (1954) (0)
TEST RELIABILITY AS A FUNCTION OF THE NUMBER OF CHOICES PER ITEM (1950) (0)
A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING FROM SPEEDED TEST DATA THE POWER CONDITION SCORES AND ITEM DIFFICULTIES (1950) (0)
First Principles of Jig and Tool Design (1922) (0)
ALTERNATE FORM FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS INTEGRAL EQUATIONS DEFINING THE SOLUTION OF THE MULTIPLE CLASSIFICATION PROBLEM (1954) (0)
STATISTICAL PROBLEMS IN MENTAL TEST THEORY (1976) (0)
THE STANDARD ERRORS OF VARIOUS TEST STATISTICS WHEN THE TEST ITEMS ARE SAMPLED (1953) (0)
MULTIPLE CUTTING SCORES AND ERRORS OF MEASUREMENT (1961) (0)

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Frederick M. Lord's Academic­Influence.com Rankings

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Frederick M. Lord's Published Works

Published Works

Frederick M. Lord's AcademicInfluence.com Rankings