Gertrude Rand
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Most Influential Person Across History
US research psychologist
Gertrude Rand's AcademicInfluence.com Rankings
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Psychology
Gertrude Rand's Degrees
- PhD Psychology University of California, Berkeley
Why Is Gertrude Rand Influential?
(Suggest an Edit or Addition)According to Wikipedia, Marie Gertrude Rand Ferree was an American research scientist who is known for her extensive body of work about color perception. Her work included "mapping the retina for its perceptional abilities", "developing new instruments and lamps for ophthalmologists", and "detection and measurement of color blindness". Rand, with LeGrand H. Hardy and M. Catherine Rittler, developed the HRR pseudoisochromatic color test.
Gertrude Rand's Published Works
Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works
Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author
Published Works
- REFRACTION FOR THE PERIPHERAL FIELD OF VISION (1931) (185)
- H–R–R Polychromatic Plates* (1954) (81)
- INTERPRETATION OF REFRACTIVE CONDITIONS IN THE PERIPHERAL FIELD OF VISION: A FURTHER STUDY (1933) (77)
- Refractive Asymmetry in the Temporal and Nasal Halves of the Visual Fiel (1932) (72)
- THE GEOMETRY OF BINOCULAR SPACE PERCEPTION (1954) (55)
- Tests for the Detection and Analysis of Color-Blindness. I. The Ishihara Test: An Evaluation (1945) (48)
- Investigation of visual space; the Blumenfeld alleys. (1951) (41)
- Chromatic thresholds of sensation from center to periphery of the retina and their bearing on color theory: Part I. (41)
- Tests for detection and analysis of color blindness; an evaluation of the Ishihara test. (1945) (35)
- The H-R-R polychromatic plates. I. A. test for the detection, classification, and estimation of the degree of defective color vision. (1954) (35)
- The H-R-R polychromatic plates. II. Comparison of qualitative and quantitative classifications by H-R-R plates and other tests. (1954) (26)
- THE SPATIAL VALUES OF THE VISUAL FIELD IMMEDIATELY SURROUNDING THE BLIND SPOT AND THE QUESTION OF THE ASSOCIATIVE FILLING IN OF THE BLIND SPOT (1912) (22)
- An illuminated perimeter with campimeter features (1922) (21)
- Effect of brightness of preexposure and surrounding field on breadth and shape of the color fields for stimuli of different sizes (1924) (21)
- SENSITIVE METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF BJERRUM AND OTHER SCOTOMAS (1931) (20)
- Intensity of light and speed of vision. II (19)
- Intensity of light and area of illuminated field as interacting factors in size of pupil (1933) (18)
- A screening test for defective red-green vision (1946) (16)
- Perimetry: Variable Factors Influencing the Breadth of the Color Fields (1922) (15)
- An evaluation of the AO H-R-R pseudoisochromatic plates; a test for detecting, classifying, and estimating the degree of defective color vision. (1956) (15)
- LIGHTING AND THE HYGIENE OF THE EYE (1929) (15)
- The effect of intensity of illumination on the acuity of the normal eye and eyes slightly defective as to refraction (1923) (14)
- Methods for Increasing the Diagnostic Sensitivity of Perimetry and Scotometry with the Form Field Stimulus (1930) (13)
- AGE AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT NEEDED BY THE EYE (1935) (13)
- The Ishihara test as a means of detecting and analyzing color vision. (1947) (12)
- Tests for the Detection and Analysis of Color-BlindnessII. The Ishihara Test: Comparison of Editions (1945) (11)
- Effect of Size of Stimulus on Size and Shape of Color Fields (1927) (11)
- CRITICAL VALUES FOR THE LIGHT MINIMUM AND FOR THE AMOUNT AND RAPIDITY OF DARK ADAPTATION (1934) (11)
- The absolute limits of color sensitivity and the effect of intensity of light on the apparent limits. (11)
- Intensity of Light in Relation to the Near Point and the Apparent Range of Accommodation (1935) (10)
- Visual acuity at low illumination and the use of the illumination scale for the detection of small errors in refraction (1920) (10)
- The Effect of Relation to Background on the Size and Shape of the form Field for Stimuli of Different Sizes (1931) (10)
- LAMP FOR DETERMINATION AND MEASUREMENT OF THE PREFERRED INTENSITY OF LIGHT FOR READING AND FOR OTHER WORK (1934) (10)
- AN INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING DYNAMIC SPEED OF VISION, SPEED OF ACCOMMODATION AND OCULAR FATIGUE (1936) (10)
- The Testing of Visual Acuity (1934) (9)
- The Limits of Color Sensitivity: Effect of Brightness of Pre?xposure and Surrounding Field (9)
- A New Laboratory and Clinic Perimeter. (1922) (9)
- Color vision and recent developments in color vision testing. (1946) (9)
- The Blind Spot for Achromatic and Chromatic Stimuli (1925) (8)
- The Testing of Visual Acuity: II. The Comparative Merits of Test Objects and a New Type of Broken Circle as Test Object (1934) (8)
- The use of the illumination scale for the detection of small errors in refraction and in their correction (8)
- The Effect of Intensity of Stimulus on the Size and Shape of the Color Fields and Their Order of Ranking as to Breadth (1923) (8)
- INTENSITY OF LIGHT IN RELATION TO THE EXAMINATION OF THE EYE * (1936) (8)
- Tests for the Detection and Analysis of Color-Blindness. III. The Rabkin Test (1945) (8)
- A Study of Ocular Functions, with Special Reference to the Lookout and Signal Service of the Navy (8)
- Factors which Influence the Color Sensitivity of the Peripheral Retina. (8)
- THE TESTING OF VISUAL ACUITY:I. FACTORS IN THE SENSITIVE USE OF THE TEST FOR THE DETECTION OF ERRORS OF REFRACTION. (1934) (7)
- SIZE OF OBJECTS IN RELATION TO THEIR VISIBILITY AND TO THE RATING OF VISION (1930) (7)
- The Effect of Variations of the Intensity of the Illumination of the Perimeter Arm on the Determination of the Color Fields. (7)
- Tests for detection and analysis of color blindness; comparison of editions of the Ishihara test. (1946) (7)
- The Effect of Variations in Intensity of Illumination on Acuity, Speed of Discrimination, Speed of Accommodation, and Other Important Eye Functions. (7)
- The Campperimeter-An Illuminated Perimeter with Campimeter Features. (7)
- A substitute for an artificial pupil. (7)
- The Effect of Quality of Illumination on the Results of the Ishihara Test (1946) (7)
- A MORE NEARLY ABSOLUTE METHOD OF TESTING AND RATING VISION (1940) (7)
- The effect of changes in the general illumination of the retina upon its sensitivity to color. (7)
- A New Type of Instrument for Testing the Light and Color Sense (1931) (7)
- Tests for the detection and analysis of color blindness; the Rabkin test. (1946) (6)
- LIGHTING WITHOUT GLARE: A FURTHER CONTRIBUTION (1933) (6)
- Two Important Factors in the Size and Shape of the form Field and Some of their Relations to Practical Perimetry (1932) (6)
- The Inertia of Adjustment of the Eye for Clear Seeing at Different Distances. (1918) (6)
- An Important Factor in Space Perception in the Peripheral Field of Vision (1933) (6)
- Effect of quality of illumination on the results of the Ishihara test. (1946) (6)
- A screening test for defective red-green vision; test based on eighteen pseudoisochromatic plates from the American Optical Company's compilation. (1947) (6)
- A Note on the Determination of the Retina's Sensitivity to Colored Light in Terms of Radiometric Units (1912) (6)
- Intensity of Illumination and Other Factors Influencing the Sensitivity of the Radial Test for Astigmatism (1929) (6)
- Color Contrast of the Second Order (1933) (5)
- The Fundamental Colour Sensations in Man's Colour Sense. (1946) (5)
- The Testing of Fitness for Night Flying: The Light Sense (1937) (5)
- A screening test for defective red-green vision. (1947) (5)
- A spectrum color-mixer (5)
- Lantern and Apparatus for Testing the Light Sense and for Determining Acuity at Low Illuminations (1920) (5)
- TESTING FITNESS FOR NIGHT FLYING: VISUAL ACUITY (1938) (5)
- A spectroscopic apparatus for the investigation of the color sensitivity of the retina, central and peripheral (5)
- An optics-room and a method of standardizing its illumination. (5)
- Testing Fitness for Night Flying (1939) (4)
- PILOT FITNESS, A SAFETY FACTOR IN AVIATION (1940) (4)
- The Testing of Visual Acuity: III. Types of Test Field and a Projection Apparatus (1934) (4)
- A New Method of Rating Visual Acuity (1941) (4)
- Sensitivity of illumination scale for determining exact amount and placement of correction for astigmatism (4)
- SELECTED CASES SHOWING THE ADVANTAGES OF A COMBINED TANGENT SCREEN AND PERIMETER (1933) (4)
- A CHECKING STANDARD FOR TONOMETERS (1931) (3)
- Central vision scotometer (1933) (3)
- The power of the eye to sustain clear seeing under different conditions of lighting. (3)
- A new method of heterochromatic photometry. (3)
- The Speed of Adjustment of the Eye for Clear Seeing at Different Distances: A Study of Ocular Functions with Special Reference to Aviation (3)
- The Influence of Brightness of Surrounding Field or Background on the Size and Shape of the Blind Spot for Color (1930) (3)
- Relation of size of pupil to intensity of light and speed of vision, and other studies (1932) (3)
- The Effect of Increase of Intensity of Light on the Visual Acuity of Presbyopie and Non-Presbyopie Eyes. (1934) (3)
- A Simple Daylight Photometer (1916) (3)
- A method of standardizing the color value of the daylight illumination of an optics room. (3)
- An apparatus for determining acuity at low illuminations, for testing the light and color sense and for detecting small errors in refraction and in their correction. (1920) (3)
- An Instrument for Measuring the Breadth of the Pupil (1927) (3)
- The effect of quality of illumination on the results of the Ishihara test. (1946) (3)
- Effect of increase of intensity of illumination on acuity, and intensity of illumination of test charts (1923) (3)
- THE USE OF VARIABLE ILLUMINATION IN THE CORRECTION OF THE PRESBYOPIC EYE (1936) (3)
- Relation between illumination and visual efficiency. (1946) (3)
- LIGHTING WITHOUT GLARE (1932) (3)
- The Glareless Lighting of a Dark Room (1933) (3)
- A Convenient Device for Using Artificial Pupils of Different Sizes (1932) (3)
- Contrast Induced by Color so Far Removed into the Peripheral Field as to be Below the Threshold of Sensation (1934) (3)
- ELEMENTARY ILLUMINATION FOR THE OPHTHALMOLOGIST (1945) (2)
- A New Visual-Acuity and Astigmatism Test Chart (1937) (2)
- A multiple-exposure tachistoscope (1937) (2)
- Distance of Projection of the Visual Image in Relation to Its Apparent Intensity (1931) (2)
- EXAMINATION AND CARE OF THE EYE IN RELATION TO LIGHTING (1937) (2)
- The Effect of Intensity of Illumination on the Near Point of Vision and a Comparison of the Effect for Presbyopie and Non-Presbyopie Eyes. (2)
- Requirements of Good Desk Lighting (1937) (2)
- HIGHER VISIBILITY IN A ROENTGENOGRAM ILLUMINATOR (1939) (2)
- An Apparatus for Testing Light and Color Sense (1920) (2)
- Flicker Photometry and the Lag of Visual Sensation (1924) (2)
- PILOT FITNESS FOR NIGHT FLYING. (1939) (2)
- A convenient and practical means for studying light and color minima in any part of the retina (1940) (1)
- THE PROBLEM OF LATE AFTERNOON LIGHTING (1932) (1)
- PRESCRIBING LIGHT. AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE CARE AND TREATMENT OF THE EYE * (1938) (1)
- ATTACHMENT TO THE FERREE-RAND PERIMETER FOR DETERMINING LIGHT AND COLOR MINIMA (1939) (1)
- The Effect of Varying the Intensity of Light on the Disagreement of Flicker and Equality-of-Brightness Photometry for Lights of Different Composition (1925) (1)
- The Eye as a Factor in Wartime and Blackout Lighting (1943) (1)
- PILOT FITNESS AND AIRPLANE CRASHES. (1938) (1)
- A note on the needs and uses of energy measurements for work in psychological optics (1917) (1)
- Effect of Brightness of Pre-Exposure and Surrounding Field on Breadth and Shape of the Color Fields for Stimuli of Different Sizes (1925) (1)
- Radiometric apparatus for use in psychological and physiological optics: Including a discussion of the various types of instruments that have been used for measuring light intensities. (1)
- WAYS IN WHICH DISTANCE OF THE TEST FIELD AFFECTS DETERMINATIONS OF RETINAL SENSITIVITY (1932) (1)
- [Color vision tests]. (1950) (1)
- OPTIMUM WORKING CONDITIONS FOR THE EYE (1941) (1)
- Recent advances in the physiology of vision. (1947) (1)
- Uses and Needs of Variable Illumination and a Convenient Device for Obtaining it (1936) (1)
- The Use of the Correlation Graph with Half-Sigma Class Intervals (1924) (1)
- The American Optical Company's compilation of pseudo-isochromatic plates as a means of detecting and analyzing defective color vision. (1949) (1)
- The Rabkin test as a means of detecting and analyzing defective color vision. (1947) (1)
- An apparatus for acuity, for mixing colored lights, and for testing the light and color senses. (1)
- The Agreement of Flicker and Equality-of-Brightness Photometry When the Same Lengths of Exposure Are Used in Both Methods (1925) (1)
- Incidence of defective color vision among psychotic patients. (1948) (1)
- Size of Stimulus and Brightness of Preexposure and of Surrounding Field in Relation to the Extent and Shape of the Color Fields (1930) (1)
- A Test Chart for the Standard Rating of Visual Acuity (1937) (1)
- EYE AS A FACTOR IN WARTIME LIGHTING (1943) (0)
- A Glareless Bed Reading and Examining Lamp by Variable Intensity and Placement of Light (1938) (0)
- The Effect of Speed of Rotation of the Disc on the Disagreement of Flicker and Equality-of-Brightness Photometry for Lights of Different Composition and Intensity (1925) (0)
- The Projection Method of Presenting the Test Object for Testing Visual Acuity (1940) (0)
- Power of the Eye to Sustain Clear and Comfortable Seeing with Different Illuminants (1918) (0)
- Incidence of color-blindness among psychotic subjects. (1948) (0)
- An Instrument for Testing the Light and Color Sense with Important Features of Standardization and Control (1931) (0)
- [Color vision and recent works on color vision tests]. (1950) (0)
- Experiments on the Eye with Gas Mantles of Different Compositions (0)
- A new method of heterochromatic photometry -a reply to Dr. Johnson. (0)
- Pilot Fitness and Airplane Crashes (1938) (0)
- An Apparatus for the Quick and Accurate Location of the Meridians of Astigmatism (111.) (1925) (0)
- The Cause of the Disagreement between Flicker and Equality-of-Brightness Photometry (1924) (0)
- A résumé of experiments on the problem of lighting in its relation to the eye (1915) (0)
- The Effect of Length of Exposure of the Test Object on Visual Acuity. A Correction (1936) (0)
- Size of stimulus in relation to the eye's sensitivity to light and to the amount and rate of dark adaptation. (1934) (0)
- A Device for Changing the Value of the Open Sector in Sectored Disks (1937) (0)
- A note on vision - General phenomena. (0)
- A Glareless Illuminated Holder for Visual-Acuity Test Charts with Variable Intensity of Light* (1939) (0)
- Hospital Lighting for Protection in War Time * (1942) (0)
- COLOUR IN PROTECTIVE NIGHT LIGHT (1943) (0)
- The Eye as a Factor in the Difference in Hue Between Daylight and Twilight (1933) (0)
- Why Pupils Fail in Reading. (1947) (0)
- Tabulae pseudo-isochromaticae B.-K.: Plates for testing colour vision. (1947) (0)
- Color vision and recent developments in color vision testing. (1946) (0)
- HUMAN FACTOR IN AIRPLANE CRASHES (1937) (0)
- "A New Method of Heterochromatic Photometry": Erratum. (0)
- The Selectiveness of the Eye's Achromatic Response to Wave-Length and its Change with Change of Intensity of Light. (0)
- Progress on the determination of normal gray light - (1923) (0)
- Lighting in Its Relation to the Eye (0)
- Visual Acuity at Low Illumination-Apparatus and Results. (0)
- ILLUMINATION FOR OPHTHALMOLOGISTS (1945) (0)
- An Apparatus for the Quick and Accurate Location of the Meridians of Astigmatism (1925) (0)
- A note on the selectiveness of the achromatic response of the eye to wavelength and its change with change of intensity of light. (0)
- A Device for Varying and Controlling the Entrance Pupil (1933) (0)
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