Harold E. Brooks
American meteorologist and storm chaser
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Earth Sciences
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(Suggest an Edit or Addition)According to Wikipedia, Harold Edward Brooks is an American meteorologist whose research is concentrated on severe convective storms and tornadoes, particularly severe weather climatology, as well as weather forecasting. Life and work Brooks began his higher education career at William Jewell College, studying physics and mathematics, achieving a B.A., summa cum laude, in 1982. While there he studied abroad at the University of Cambridge, passing Part 1 of the tripos in Archaeology and Anthropology in 1980. In 1985 he earned a M.A. and M.Phil. at Columbia University from the Atmospheric Sciences Program within the Department of Geological Sciences. This was followed by doctoral studies at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, culminating in a Ph.D. in atmospheric sciences in 1990. During this period Brooks worked as a laboratory assistant, graduate assistant, rapporteur, and graduate research assistant. Brooks is a member of Sigma Xi.
Harold E. Brooks's Published Works
Published Works
- Flash Flood Forecasting: An Ingredients-Based Methodology (1996) (938)
- The spatial distribution of severe thunderstorm and tornado environments from global reanalysis data (2003) (515)
- Monitoring and Understanding Trends in Extreme Storms: State of Knowledge (2013) (465)
- Monitoring and Understanding Changes in Heat Waves, Cold Waves, Floods, and Droughts in the United States: State of Knowledge (2013) (372)
- Changes in severe thunderstorm environment frequency during the 21st century caused by anthropogenically enhanced global radiative forcing (2007) (314)
- On the Environments of Tornadic and Nontornadic Mesocyclones (1994) (302)
- Convective Modes for Significant Severe Thunderstorms in the Contiguous United States. Part I: Storm Classification and Climatology (2012) (261)
- Severe thunderstorms and climate change (2011) (254)
- 16.3 BASELINE CLIMATOLOGY OF SOUNDING DERIVED PARAMETERS ASSOCIATED WITH DEEP, MOIST CONVECTION (2002) (252)
- Evolution of the U.S. Tornado Database: 1954–2003 (2006) (252)
- Using Ensembles for Short-Range Forecasting (1999) (233)
- A Review of Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterization Schemes and Their Sensitivity in Simulating Southeastern U.S. Cold Season Severe Weather Environments (2015) (218)
- Climatological Estimates of Daily Local Nontornadic Severe Thunderstorm Probability for the United States (2005) (211)
- On the implementation of the enhanced Fujita scale in the USA (2009) (209)
- Tornadoes from squall lines and bow echoes. Part I: Climatological distribution (2005) (198)
- Precipitation Forecasting Using a Neural Network (1999) (182)
- Climatological Estimates of Local Daily Tornado Probability for the United States (2018) (169)
- On the Relationship of Tornado Path Length and Width to Intensity (2004) (162)
- An Objective High-Resolution Hail Climatology of the Contiguous United States (2012) (153)
- Comparison between Observed Convective Cloud-Base Heights and Lifting Condensation Level for Two Different Lifted Parcels (2002) (151)
- Normalized Damage from Major Tornadoes in the United States: 1890 1999 (2001) (146)
- Progress and challenges with Warn-on-Forecast (2012) (137)
- Evaluation of a Short-Range Multimodel Ensemble System (2001) (137)
- Storm Spotting and Public Awareness since the First Tornado Forecasts of 1948 (1999) (135)
- Improving QPE and Very Short Term QPF: An Initiative for a Community-Wide Integrated Approach (2007) (131)
- Deaths in the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma City Tornado from a Historical Perspective (2002) (131)
- The Role of Midtropospheric Winds in the Evolution and Maintenance of Low-Level Mesocyclones (1994) (129)
- Some aspects of the international climatology of tornadoes by damage classification (2001) (123)
- Increased variability of tornado occurrence in the United States (2014) (122)
- Climatology of Heavy Rain Events in the United States from Hourly Precipitation Observations (2000) (121)
- Climate and Hazardous Convective Weather (2015) (120)
- Proximity soundings for severe convection for Europe and the United States from reanalysis data (2009) (118)
- Monitoring and Understanding Changes in Extremes: Extratropical Storms, Winds, and Waves (2013) (97)
- Sounding-Derived Parameters Associated with Convective Hazards in Europe (2017) (96)
- Climatological aspects of convective parameters from the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis (2004) (95)
- A Comparison of Measures-Oriented and Distributions-Oriented Approaches to Forecast Verification (1996) (89)
- Spatial trends in United States tornado frequency (2018) (85)
- TORNADO-WARNING PERFORMANCE IN THE PAST AND FUTURE A Perspective from Signal Detection Theory A Perspective from Signal Detection Theory A Perspective from Signal Detection Theory A Perspective from Signal Detection Theory A Perspective from Signal Detection Theory (2004) (82)
- Verification of Nowcasts from the WWRP Sydney 2000 Forecast Demonstration Project (2004) (81)
- Projections of heat waves with high impact on human health in Europe (2014) (79)
- Low-Level Winds in Tornadoes and Potential Catastrophic Tornado Impacts in Urban Areas (2008) (77)
- A Preliminary Look at the Social Perspective of Warn-on-Forecast: Preferred Tornado Warning Lead Time and the General Public's Perceptions of Weather Risks (2011) (76)
- On the Use of Mesoscale and Cloud-Scale Models in Operational Forecasting (1992) (76)
- Severe-Thunderstorm Reanalysis Environments and Collocated Radiosonde Observations (2014) (73)
- Mesocyclogenesis from a Theoretical Perspective (2013) (72)
- Severe Convective Storms in Europe: Ten Years of Research and Education at the European Severe Storms Laboratory (2017) (70)
- Discriminating between Tornadic and Nontornadic Thunderstorms Using Mesoscale Model Output (1997) (69)
- Statistical Modeling of Tornado Intensity Distributions (2003) (67)
- Climatological Aspects of Convective Parameters over Europe: A Comparison of ERA-Interim and Sounding Data (2018) (65)
- Objective Limits on Forecasting Skill of Rare Events (2013) (64)
- Climate Extremes and Society: The spatial distribution of severe convective storms and an analysis of their secular changes (2008) (63)
- Does Global Warming Influence Tornado Activity (2008) (57)
- A 5-yr Climatology of Tornado False Alarms (2011) (55)
- COLLABORATION BETWEEN FORECASTERS AND RESEARCH SCIENTISTS AT THE NSSL AND SPC (2003) (53)
- Tornado Climatology of Finland (2012) (52)
- Forecasting the Maintenance of Quasi-Linear Mesoscale Convective Systems (2007) (51)
- Tornado outbreaks associated with landfalling hurricanes in the North Atlantic Basin: 1954–2004 (2007) (49)
- Societal and Economic Research and Applications For Weather Forecasts: Priorities for the North American THORPEX Program (2008) (48)
- The tornadoes of spring 2011 in the USA: an historical perspective (2012) (47)
- Relationship between sounding derived parameters and the strength of tornadoes in Europe and the USA from reanalysis data (2011) (46)
- Severe Convective Storms across Europe and the United States. Part II: ERA5 Environments Associated with Lightning, Large Hail, Severe Wind, and Tornadoes (2020) (45)
- The May 2003 extended tornado outbreak (2005) (43)
- Long-Term Performance Metrics for National Weather Service Tornado Warnings (2018) (43)
- Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Heavy Hourly Rainfall in the United States (2013) (43)
- Preliminary investigation into the severe thunderstorm environment of Europe simulated by the Community Climate System Model 3 (2009) (43)
- Assessment of the severe weather environment in North America simulated by a global climate model (2007) (41)
- Improving Snowfall Forecasting by Accounting for the Climatological Variability of Snow Density (2006) (40)
- Verification of Public Weather Forecasts Available via the Media (1997) (37)
- Comparison of convective parameters derived from ERA5 and MERRA2 with rawinsonde data over Europe and North America (2020) (36)
- Hodograph Curvature and Updraft Intensity in Numerically Modeled Supercells (1993) (35)
- STORMTIPE: A Forecasting Experiment Using a Three-Dimensional Cloud Model (1993) (35)
- The Future of Humans in an Increasingly Automated Forecast Process (2006) (34)
- 16.2A DATABASE OF PROXIMITY SOUNDINGS FOR SIGNIFICANT SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS, 1957-1993 (2000) (31)
- Radar Reflectivity–Derived Thunderstorm Parameters Applied to Storm Longevity Forecasting (1999) (31)
- Differing Trends in United States and European Severe Thunderstorm Environments in a Warming Climate (2020) (31)
- A Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling Framework for Correcting Reporting Bias in the U.S. Tornado Database (2019) (30)
- New technology and numerical weather prediction — a wasted opportunity? (1993) (30)
- Global climatology and trends in convective environments from ERA5 and rawinsonde data (2021) (27)
- A Century of Progress in Severe Convective Storm Research and Forecasting (2019) (24)
- Severe Convective Storms across Europe and the United States. Part I: Climatology of Lightning, Large Hail, Severe Wind, and Tornadoes (2020) (24)
- Tornado Climatology of Poland (2015) (23)
- Workshop on Weather Ready Nation: Science Imperatives for Severe Thunderstorm Research (2013) (22)
- EXTREME WINDS IN HIGH-PRECIPITATION SUPERCELLS (1993) (22)
- Evaluation of the Storm Prediction Center’s Convective Outlooks from Day 3 through Day 1 (2014) (22)
- Evaluation of the Storm Prediction Center’s Day 1 Convective Outlooks (2012) (20)
- Budget Cutting and the Value of Weather Services (1998) (20)
- Evaluation of Multiple Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterization Schemes in Southeast U.S. Cold Season Severe Thunderstorm Environments (2017) (20)
- Visualizing Long-Range Severe Thunderstorm Environment Guidance from CFSv2 (2016) (19)
- Numerical simulation of a low-precipitation supercell thunderstorm (1992) (19)
- A HAZARD MODEL FOR TORNADO OCCURRENCE IN THE UNITED STATES (2000) (19)
- OF PROXIMITY SOUNDINGS FOR SIGNIFICANT SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS (2000) (18)
- Environmental Helicity and the Maintenance And Evolution of Low‐Level Mesocyclones (2013) (17)
- Evaluation of European Storm Forecast Experiment (ESTOFEX) forecasts (2011) (16)
- Ensemble prediction of Mediterranean high-impact events using potential vorticity perturbations. Part I: Comparison against the multiphysics approach (2011) (16)
- Comments on “Tornado Risk Analysis: Is Dixie Alley an Extension of Tornado Alley?” (2012) (15)
- Lessons learned from the damage produced by the tornadoes of 3 May 1999 (2002) (15)
- ESWD - A Standardized, Flexible Data Format for Severe Weather Reports (2004) (14)
- Chapter 2. Observed changes in weather and climate extremes (2012) (14)
- Recent progress in the operational forecasting of summer severe weather (1995) (14)
- On the relationship between Clayton's skill score and expected value for forecasts of binary events (2002) (13)
- P 1 . 35 LIGHTNING CASUALTIES AND THEIR PROXIMITY TO SURROUNDING CLOUD-TO-GROUND LIGHTNING (2004) (12)
- Preliminary investigation of the contribution of supercell thunderstorms to the climatology of heavy and extreme precipitation in the United States (2013) (12)
- Early Warnings of Severe Convection Using the ECMWF Extreme Forecast Index (2018) (11)
- Regional Characterization of Tornado Activity (2013) (10)
- Tornado Fatalities: An Environmental Perspective (2019) (10)
- Comment on “Why do tornados and hailstorms rest on weekends?” by D. Rosenfeld and T. Bell (2013) (8)
- Large-scale Indicators for Severe Weather (2008) (7)
- Comments on “Initiation and Evolution of Updraft Rotation within an Incipient Supercell Thunderstorm” (1994) (7)
- Comments on Anomalous cloud-to-ground lightning in an F5 tornado-producing supercell thunderstorm on 28 August 1990. Reply (1993) (6)
- An Analysis of Subdaily Severe Thunderstorm Probabilities for the United States (2020) (6)
- Determining Criteria for Missed Events to Evaluate Significant Severe Convective Outlooks (2017) (5)
- The Future of Peer Review (2005) (5)
- The Influence of Weather Watch Type on the Quality of Tornado Warnings and its Implications for Future Forecasting Systems (2021) (5)
- Ingredients-Based Forecasting (2007) (5)
- Communication of Uncertainty (2006) (4)
- Severe Thunderstorms and Tornadoes (2005) (4)
- What Is a Tornado Outbreak?: Perspectives through Time (2021) (3)
- Monthly US temperatures and tornado occurrence (2014) (3)
- Changes in Tornado Climatology Accompanying the Enhanced Fujita Scale (2021) (3)
- Compared to What? Establishing Environmental Baselines for Tornado Warning Skill (2020) (3)
- MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY | Hail and Hailstorms (2015) (3)
- Practical Aspects of Forecasting Severe Convection in the United States: Environmental Conditions and Initiation (2007) (3)
- Tornado outbreaks associated with land-falling tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin (2005) (2)
- Convective environments leading to microburst, macroburst and downburst events across the United States (2022) (2)
- Examining sub-daily tornado warning performance and associated environmental characteristics (2021) (2)
- Supplement to: The May 2003 Extended Tornado Outbreak (2005) (2)
- WEATHER PREDICTION | Severe Weather Forecasting (2003) (2)
- Reconstruction of Violent Tornado Environments in Europe: High‐Resolution Dynamical Downscaling of ERA5 (2022) (2)
- Spatial–temporal clustering of tornadoes (2016) (1)
- Spatiotemporal Analysis of Near-Miss Violent Tornadoes in the United States (2018) (1)
- 10 . 4 DEVELOPING GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGIES OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM REANALYSIS-DERIVED SOUNDINGS (2002) (1)
- A tornado daily impacts simulator for the central and southern United States (2020) (1)
- Practical Aspects of Forecasting Severe Convection in the United States: Storm Evolution and Warning (2007) (1)
- Assesment of the severe weather enviroment in North America simulated by a global climate model (2007) (1)
- Environmental Conditions Associated with Convective Phenomena: Proximity Soundings (2007) (1)
- tornado environments from global reanalysis data (2003) (1)
- VALUE OF WEATHER FORECASTS FOR ELECTRIC UTILITY LOAD FORECASTING (2001) (1)
- USING GIS TO ASSESS SOCIAL VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE HAZARDS IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES (2011) (1)
- Development and Use of Climatologies of Convective Weather (2007) (1)
- Extreme Weather: Understanding the Science of Hurricanes, Tornadoes, Floods, Heat Waves, Snow Storms, Global Warming and Other Atmospheric Disturbances (2008) (1)
- ' s personal copy Progress and challenges with Warn-on-Forecast (2013) (0)
- Historical Perspectives on Weather Analysis and Forecasting (Centennial) (2020) (0)
- The U.S. tornado outbreak of 4–10 May (2003) (0)
- A Study of Proximity Sounding Derived Parameters Associated with Significant Severe Weather (2003) (0)
- WEATHER FORECASTING | Severe Weather Forecasting (2015) (0)
- The 2011 and 2012 tornado seasons: Questions for the SPC and NSSL that were asked (and weren't asked) by the media, the public, and other government groups (2012) (0)
- DIAGNOSIS OF CONDITIONAL MAXIMUM TORNADO DAMAGE PROBABILITIES P 2 . 20 (2012) (0)
- Tornadoes and Severe Thunderstorms: Physical Understanding and Climate Questions (2008) (0)
- Evolution of the U.S. Tornado Database: 1954–2003 — Source link (0)
- The Evolving Role of Humans in Weather Prediction and Communication (2022) (0)
- Low-level curvature shear and supercell thunderstorm behavior (1990) (0)
- DEFINING SOCIETAL AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS (SERA) PRIORITIES RELATED TO DEVELOPMENTS IN NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION AND THORPEX (1992) (0)
- In This Issue (2007) (0)
- Severe Thunderstorms and Tornadoes in a Changing Climate (2015) (0)
- THE EFFECTS OF ANTECEDENT SOIL MOISTURE ANOMALIES ON TORNADO ACTIVITY IN THE UNITED STATES (2015) (0)
- Severe local storms (1999) (0)
- Severe Thunderstorms and Climate: The Roads to get Where we are and Where we Might be Going (2016) (0)
- Evaluation of ESTOFEX forecasts: Severe thunderstorm forecasts (2008) (0)
- 1 Communication of Uncertainty (2006) (0)
- NWS Tornado Warnings: A Regional Analysis (2019) (0)
- Tornado deaths: what the past tells us about the future (2010) (0)
- CASE ANALYSIS OF A HISTORIC KILLER TORNADO EVENT IN KANSAS ON 10 JUNE 1938 (2006) (0)
- Proximity soundings from reanalysis data for Europe (2006) (0)
- Forecast Verification for Extreme Storms with High-Resolution Models (2010) (0)
- VERIFICATION OF VORTEX-94 FORECASTS (1996) (0)
- Evaluation of ESTOFEX forecasts: Lightning forecasts (2008) (0)
- Design of two ensemble prediction systems based on multiphysics and potential vorticity perturbations: Test for western Mediterranean precipitation and cyclones (2010) (0)
- A SPATIOTEMPORAL ASSESSMENT OF TORNADO WARNINGS WITHIN STORM PREDICTION CENTER CONVECTIVE OUTLOOKS USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (2011) (0)
- On the relationship between preliminary and final tornado counts in the SPC database (2008) (0)
- The 3 May 1999 Oklahoma City Tornado : Deaths From the Historical Perspective (2000) (0)
- Improving estimates of U.S. tornado frequency by accounting for unreported and underrated tornadoes (2022) (0)
- Analyzing tornado warning performance during individual storm lifecycles (2023) (0)
- INVESTIGATING THE VERTICAL STRUCTURE OF UPDRAFT HELICITY IN AN IDEALIZED SUPERCELL SIMULATION (2020) (0)
- Warnings (Tornado) Facts: Considerations, Reflections, and Perspectives on 30 Years of Warning Performance Metrics in the NWS (2016) (0)
- AN OBJECTIVE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE PROBABILITY OF TORNADO OCCURRENCE BASED ON ANALYZED WIND SHEAR AND LIFTED INDICES (2004) (0)
- Understanding High-Shear Low-CAPE (HSLC) Environments across the Contiguous United States and Europe Using Reanalysis Data (2020) (0)
- The Role of Environmental Humidity in the Moisture Budget of Thunderstorms (1997) (0)
- Imaging by number (1991) (0)
- The truth about twisters (2012) (0)
- Regional Analysis (2021) (0)
- Some Issues to Consider as Forecasts Evolve Over Time (2017) (0)
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