M. E. Bitterman

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M. E. Bitterman is affiliated with the following schools: Bryn Mawr College, Cornell University

M. E. Bitterman's AcademicInfluence.com Rankings

M. E. Bitterman

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M. E. Bitterman's Published Works

Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works

Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author

Published Works

Classical conditioning of proboscis extension in honeybees (Apis mellifera). (1983) (1009)
Mechanisms of animal discrimination learning (1971) (919)
PHYLETIC DIFFERENCES IN LEARNING. (1965) (472)
The comparative analysis of learning. (1975) (468)
Toward a comparative psychology of learning. (1960) (204)
Incentive contrast in honey bees. (1976) (147)
Short Cummunication: Honeybees can be Trained to Respond to very Small Changes in Geomagnetic Field Intensity (1989) (126)
Some phenomena of associative learning in honeybees. (1980) (125)
The role of contingency in classical conditioning. (1990) (123)
The effect of random and alternating partial reinforcement on resistance to extinction in the rat. (1953) (119)
Comparative analysis of learning in honeybees (1996) (113)
Reward and Learning in the Goldfish (1967) (113)
Spaced-trials partial reinforcement effect as a function of contrast. (1969) (112)
Principles of Dynamic Psychiatry (1946) (109)
Some comparative psychology. (1958) (109)
Probability Learning. (1962) (94)
Conditioning and extinction of the galvanic skin response as a function of anxiety. (1952) (94)
Compound conditioning in honeybees. (1982) (87)
A conventional conditioning analysis of "transitive inference" in pigeons. (1992) (84)
Vertebrate-Invertebrate Comparisons (1988) (82)
Learning by Honeybees in an Unnatural Situation (1983) (80)
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING IN THE GOLDFISH AS A FUNCTION OF THE CS-US INTERVAL. (1964) (80)
A shuttle box for fish and a control circuit of general applicability. (1961) (78)
Blocking and overshadowing in two species of fish. (1975) (77)
Reward and learning in the turtle (1970) (75)
Effect of experience with a preferred food on consummatory responding for a less preferred food in goldfish (1985) (70)
FURTHER EXPERIMENTS ON PROBABILITY-MATCHING IN THE PIGEON. (1964) (70)
The effect of partial reinforcement with spaced practice on resistance to extinction in the fish. (1960) (69)
The overlearning-extinction effect and successive negative contrast in honeybees (Apis mellifera). (1984) (68)
Some observations on the depression effect. (1962) (67)
Probability-Matching in the Fish (1961) (67)
Animal learning : survey and analysis (1979) (67)
The effect of partial and delayed reinforcement on resistance to extinction. (1951) (67)
Resistance to extinction in the pigeon after partially reinforced instrumental training under discrete-trials conditions. (1963) (65)
The two-test strategy in the study of inhibitory conditioning. (1993) (65)
Conditioned responding to magnetic fields by honeybees (2004) (65)
Compound-component and conditional discrimination of colors and odors by honeybees: Further tests of a continuity model (1988) (64)
Short Communication Attached Magnets Impair Magnetic Field Discrimination by Honeybees (1989) (64)
Successive negative contrast in the consummatory responding of didelphid marsupials (1988) (63)
Spaced-trials partial reinforcement and resistance to extinction in the goldfish. (1969) (63)
Reversal Learning and Forgetting in Bird and Fish (1967) (63)
Latent inhibition in honeybees (1986) (54)
Reinforcement of learning; the process of sensory integration. (1949) (51)
Probability-matching in the pigeon. (1962) (51)
Pavlovian analysis of avoidance conditioning in the goldfish (Carassius auratus). (1973) (51)
Analysis of overshadowing in honeybees. (1983) (49)
Intramodal blocking in honeybees (1997) (49)
A further comparison of key-pecking with an ingestive technique for the study of discriminative learning in pigeons. (1965) (48)
Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO): a yoked-control comparison. (1971) (46)
The distance-effect in the transposition of intermediate size by children. (1955) (46)
New evidence for the validity of Taylor's manifest anxiety scale. (1952) (43)
Habit reversal in the pigeon. (1962) (41)
Modification of attention in honey bees. (1978) (41)
Relational learning in the rat. (1951) (41)
The solution of oddity-problems by the rat. (1953) (40)
Sidman avoidance in the fish. (1963) (39)
Discrete-trials lever pressing in the rat as a function of pattern of reinforcement, effortfulness of response, and amount of reward. (1966) (39)
The octopus in the laboratory. Handling, maintenance, training (1970) (39)
Failure of stationary but not of flying honeybees (Apis mellifera) to respond to magnetic field stimuli. (1989) (38)
Classical Conditioning since Pavlov (2006) (38)
Manifest anxiety and perceptual defense. (1953) (38)
Analysis of choice in honeybees (1985) (37)
Reciprocal overshadowing in the discrimination of color-odor compounds by honeybees: Further tests of a continuity model (1989) (37)
Puromycin and Retention in the Goldfish (1967) (36)
The effect of the duration of the unconditioned stimulus upon conditioning and extinction. (1952) (35)
Probability-Learning by the Turtle (1965) (35)
Improvement in habit reversal as related to dimensional set. (1966) (35)
Avoidance-conditioning in the goldfish: exporatory studies of the CS-US interval. (1962) (35)
Reversal learning with singly presented stimuli in pigeons and goldfish. (1971) (34)
LEARNING IN ADULT RATS WITH EXTENSIVE CORTICAL LESIONS MADE IN INFANCY. (1964) (33)
Evidence of divergence in vertebrate learning (1987) (32)
Resistance to extinction in the goldfish as a function of frequency and amount of reward. (1967) (32)
Improved apparatus for the study of learning in fish. (1959) (32)
Habit reversal in the fish. (1965) (32)
Compound conditioning in honeybees: Blocking tests of the independence assumption (1995) (32)
Further experiments on partial reinforcement in the fish. (1963) (32)
Improvement in Habit-Reversal as a Function of Amount of Training Per Reversal and Other Variables (1966) (31)
AVOIDANCE-CONDITIONING IN THE FISH: FURTHER STUDIES OF THE CS-US INTERVAL. (1964) (31)
Performance of honeybees in reversal and ambiguous-cue problems: Tests of a choice model (1986) (31)
Classical conditioning in the fish: exploratory studies of partial reinforcement. (1961) (30)
Habit reversal in the crab. (1960) (30)
Appetitive conditioning in Octopus cyanea. (1991) (30)
The US-preexposure effect in honeybees (1986) (30)
Classical conditioning of goldfish in the shuttlebox (1971) (30)
Learning in honeybees as a function of amount and frequency of reward (1988) (29)
Habit Reversal in the Turtle (1963) (29)
Transfer along a continuum in the discriminative learning of honeybees (1990) (29)
Discrimination of color-odor compounds by honeybees: Tests of a continuity model (1987) (29)
Performance of pigeons in patterned sequences of rewarded and nonrewarded trials. (1980) (28)
Second-order appetitive conditioning in goldfish. (1980) (28)
Perceptual organization in the rat. (1952) (27)
Learning by honeybees (Apis mellifera) on arrival at and departure from a feeding place. (1991) (26)
Threshold for visual form: a diffusion model. (1954) (26)
Choice in honeybees as a function of the probability of reward (1993) (26)
Simultaneous and successive discrimination. (1953) (26)
Discrimination-reversal in the fish. (1957) (26)
Blocking and pseudoblocking: New control experiments with honeybees (2006) (25)
Relational discrimination of intermediate size in the chimpanzee. (1954) (25)
Partial Reinforcement in the Fish (1959) (25)
Learning in honeybees as a function of amount of reward: Rejection of the equal-asymptote assumption (1989) (25)
Response-selection in discriminative learning. (1951) (24)
Backward blocking in honeybees (2004) (24)
Conditioning analysis of magnetoreception in honeybees. (1989) (24)
Place and Position Learning in Honeybees (Apis mellifera) (1994) (24)
Thorndike and the problem of animal intelligence. (1969) (23)
Learning in honeybees (Apis mellifera) as a function of sucrose concentration. (1992) (23)
Spatial and visual habit reversal in the turtle. (1966) (23)
Quantitative tests of an associative theory of risk-sensitivity in honeybees. (2001) (23)
Autoshaping: further study of "negative automaintenance". (1974) (22)
A factorial study of adjustment to stress. (1956) (22)
Avoidance-conditioning in two species of fish (1962) (22)
A classical conditioning technique for small aquatic animals. (1960) (22)
PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT IN THE FISH: EXPERIMENTS WITH SPACED TRIALS AND PARTIAL DELAY. (1965) (21)
Heart rate and frequency of blinking as indices of visual efficiency. (1945) (21)
Discrimination reversal in the goldfish as a function of training conditions. (1973) (21)
Extinction following alternating and random partial reinforcement. (1952) (21)
A Further Study of Partial Reinforcement in the Turtle (1962) (20)
A discrete-trials/fixed-interval method of discrimination training (1974) (20)
Classical appetitive conditioning in the pigeon (1964) (20)
Extinction in the fish after partial and consistent reinforcement with number of reinforcements equated. (1962) (20)
Learning in Honeybees (Apis mellifera) As a Function of Sucrose Concentration (1992) (20)
Simultaneous and successive discrimination under identical stimulating conditions. (1955) (19)
Quantitative two-process analysis of avoidance conditioning in goldfish. (1994) (19)
Migration and Learning in Fishes (1984) (19)
Muscular tension as an index of effort: the effect of glare and other disturbances in visual work. (1950) (19)
Improved techniques for the measurement of consummatory behavior in fishes (1974) (19)
Secondary reinforcement and the discrimination hypothesis. (1953) (19)
AN INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUE FOR THE TURTLE. (1964) (19)
A further study of secondary reinforcement and the discrimination hypothesis. (1954) (18)
Situational determinants of the relative difficulty of simultaneous and successive discrimination. (1954) (18)
An improved live-worm dispenser. (1963) (18)
Perceptual differentiation in the course of nondifferential reinforcement. (1953) (17)
Reward and learning in honeybees: analysis of an overshadowing effect (1996) (17)
General activity as instrumental: application to avoidance training. (1963) (17)
Classical conditioning in the fish: further studies of partial reinforcement. (1962) (17)
Transverse patterning in pigeons (1996) (17)
EFFECT OF PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT ON THE EXTINCTION OF A CLASSICALLY CONDITIONED RESPONSE IN THE GOLDFISH. (1965) (17)
Measurement of consummatory behavior in the fish. (1969) (17)
Classical appetitive conditioning in the pigeon: Partial reinforcement (1966) (17)
Analysis of autoshaping in goldfish (1979) (16)
Interference and Forgetting in Bird and Fish (1970) (16)
Resistance to extinction in the fish after extensive training with partial reinforcement. (1960) (16)
RESISTANCE TO EXTINCTION IN THE RAT AS A FUNCTION OF PERCENTAGE AND DISTRIBUTION OF REINFORCEMENT. (1964) (16)
Behavior disorder as a function of the relative strength of antagonistic response-tendencies. (1944) (15)
Learning in honeybees as a function of amount of reward: Further experiments with color (1993) (15)
The effect of fluorescent flicker on visual efficiency. (1952) (15)
Autonomic response in posthypnotic amnesia (1945) (15)
Autoshaping in the goldfish (1974) (15)
Some comparisons of intra- and extradimensional transfer in discriminative learning of goldfish. (1973) (15)
Probability-learning in the Monkey (1964) (15)
Appetitive conditioning in Octopus cyanea (1991) (15)
The relation between frequency of blinking and effort expended in mental work. (1946) (15)
Intermodal blocking in honeybees (2001) (15)
Fixed-interval and fixed-ratio performance in the fish as a function of prefeeding. (1960) (15)
Twentieth Century Psychology (1947) (15)
Simultaneous conditioning in honeybees (Apis mellifera). (1992) (14)
Avoidance-conditioning in the goldfish: exploratory studies of the CS-US interval. (1962) (14)
The strength of sensory preconditioning. (1953) (14)
Learning in honeybees as a function of amount of reward: Tests of the equal-asymptote assumption (1989) (13)
Partial Reinforcement in the Turtle (1961) (13)
Analysis of the overlearning-extinction effect in honeybees (1987) (13)
Acquisition and extinction of a shuttling response in honeybees (Apis mellifera) as a function of the probability of reward (1992) (13)
Threshold for visual form: further experiments. (1954) (12)
Discrimination following varying amounts of non-differential reinforcement. (1954) (12)
Learning in Fish with Transplanted Brain Tissue (1969) (12)
Performance of honeybees in analogues of the rodent radial maze (1995) (12)
The effect of satiation on stroboscopic movement. (1952) (12)
Within-subjects experiments on blocking and facilitation in honeybees (Apis mellifera). (2008) (12)
Analysis of alternation patterning in goldfish (1981) (11)
Intradimensional vs. extradimensional transfer in the discriminative learning of goldfish and pigeons (1976) (11)
On the effect of an irrelevant relation. (1953) (11)
Fatigue Defined as Reduced Efficiency (1944) (11)
The phenomenal vertical and horizontal in blind and sighted subjects. (1953) (11)
Asymptotic resistance to extinction in fish and rat as a function of interpolated retraining. (1967) (11)
Partial reinforcement effect in the goldfish as a function of amount of reward. (1967) (11)
Learning more by effective study (1947) (11)
Short-term spatial memory in honeybees (1997) (11)
The Resistive Sheet: A Gridless and Wireless Shocking Technique (1961) (11)
Alternating and random partial reinforcement in the fish, with some observations on asymptotic resistance to extinction. (1961) (11)
Probability-matching in the goldfish (1966) (10)
Extradimensional transfer in the discriminative learning of goldfish (1975) (10)
Further experiments on probability learning in goldfish (1973) (10)
The role of set in successive discrimination. (1954) (10)
The galvanic skin response following artificial reduction of the basal resistance. (1954) (10)
Blinking as a measure of effort in visual work. (1950) (10)
Further experiments on habit reversal in the fish (1967) (10)
A technique for the study of consummatory behavior and instrumental learning in the turtle. (1969) (10)
Learning in honeybees (Apis mellifera) as a function of amount of reward: acquisition measures. (1990) (10)
Visual probability-learning in the monkey (1964) (10)
Learning in Honeybees (Apis mellifera} As a Function of Sucrose Concentration: Analysis of the Retrospective Effect (1994) (10)
Learning in the Lower Animals. (1966) (10)
Partial reinforcement and resistance to extinction in honeybees (1986) (10)
Learning in honeybees as a function of amount of reward: Control of delay (1990) (10)
Intermodal blocking in honeybees. (2001) (9)
Relational and configurational learning in the rat. (1952) (9)
The measurement of shape-constancy. (1951) (9)
The measurement of autokinetic movement. (1954) (9)
Further studies of reversal learning with singly presented stimuli in pigeons and goldfish (1972) (9)
Perseveration in the color choices of honeybees (1994) (8)
Exploratory studies of inhibitory conditioning in honeybees (Apis mellifera). (1999) (8)
Landmark learning by honeybees (2005) (8)
Rapid modification of amphibian behavior by punishment (1971) (8)
Further efforts at training pigeons to discriminate changes in the geomagnetic field. (1992) (8)
Visual probability learning in the rat (1971) (8)
Asymptotic Reversal Learning in Pigeons: Mechanisms for Reducing Inhibition. (1976) (8)
Target-absent controls in blocking experiments with rats (2008) (8)
A runway for the fish (1968) (8)
The relative difficulty of reversal and dimensional shifting as a function of overlearning (1965) (8)
The inhibition of convulsive seizures in the white rat by the use of electric shock. (1943) (7)
Sensory integration and cognitive theory. (1951) (7)
Frequency of blinking as a measure of visual efficiency; some methodological considerations. (1946) (7)
PROBABILITY-DISCRIMINATION IN THE FISH. (1965) (7)
Resistance to Extinction in the Pigeon as a Function of Secondary Reinforcement and Pattern of Partial Reinforcement (1965) (7)
Delayed symbolic matching in honeybees (Apis mellifera). (2007) (7)
Delayed alternation in honeybees (Apis mellifera). (2003) (7)
Punishment in the goldfish as a function of electrode orientation (1971) (7)
The effect of an irrelevant relation on discriminative learning. (1953) (7)
Compound uniqueness and the interactive role of morpholine in fish chemoreception (1989) (7)
Differential reward conditioning in the pigeon (1968) (7)
Classical conditioning in the fish: the CS-US interval. (1963) (6)
The Role of Context in the Inhibitory Conditioning of Honeybees (2005) (6)
Intramodal competition for attention in honeybees (1998) (6)
Minor studies from the psychological laboratory of Cornell University; Centrifugal swing effects in the human stylus maze. (1946) (6)
Stimulus-generalization as a function of prior training. (1952) (6)
Asymptotic free-operant discrimination reversal in the goldfish. (1973) (6)
Figural after-effects as a function of the retinal size of the inspection-figure. (1951) (5)
Brain Development and Learning (1980) (5)
Inhibitory conditioning in honeybees (2003) (5)
Attempts to train goldfish to respond to magnetic field stimuli (2005) (5)
Compound and configuration in successive discrimination. (1952) (5)
Information and effect in incidental learning. (1956) (5)
Simultaneous contrast in the goldfish (1974) (5)
Experimental and Correlational Studies of Responses to Magnetic Field Stimuli by Different Species (1986) (5)
Resistance to Extinction in Normal and Extensively Decorticated Rats as a Function of Amount and Percentage of Reinforcement (1966) (5)
Performance of goldfish trained on multiple schedules of response-independent reinforcement. (1982) (5)
Reversal learning and forgetting. (1968) (4)
The Role of Nonreinforcement in the Learning of Honeybees (2001) (4)
Simultaneous conditioning in honeybees (1991) (4)
Techniques of housing and maintaining a large pigeon colony. (1961) (4)
Partial reinforcement and classical conditioning in two species of fish (1968) (4)
A COMPARISON OF KEY-PECKING WITH AN INGESTIVE TECHNIQUE FOR THE STUDY OF DISCRIMINATIVE LEARNING IN PIGEONS. (1965) (4)
Measurement of consummatory behavior in octopuses (1975) (4)
A lever-depression apparatus for the study of learning in fish. (1950) (3)
Notes on the results of Army intelligence testing in World War I. (1946) (3)
C. Lloyd Morgan and the Theory of Instrumental Learning (1969) (3)
Perceptual differentiation as a function of nondifferential reward and punishment. (1953) (3)
Amsel’s analysis of reward-schedule effects (1994) (3)
Psychology via Physiology. (1994) (3)
Adventitious reinforcement in free-operant discrimination (1971) (3)
Control of performance by short-term memory in honeybees (1998) (3)
Odor preference in honeybees as a function of amount of reward: Tests of two explanations (2005) (3)
Techniques for the study of learning in animals: analysis and classification. (1962) (3)
An improved shocking surface for pigeons and rats (1968) (2)
Approach and avoidance in discriminative learning. (1952) (2)
A further study of differential afferent consequences in nondifferential reinforcement. (1954) (2)
Reversal and nonreversal learning in the goldfish (1968) (2)
Avoidance conditioning of general activity in the goldfish (1972) (2)
Cardiovascular responses of innocent persons to criminal interrogation. (1947) (2)
Some new experiments on the nature of discrimination learning in the rat. (1950) (2)
A reply to Dr. Luckiesh. (1946) (2)
Two-dimensional discriminative learning in the pigeon. (1968) (2)
Electromyographic Recording of Eyelid Movements (1945) (2)
A reply to Dr. Finger. (1946) (2)
Minimal clues in the peak-of-tension procedure for determining guilt. (1946) (2)
A classroom demonstration of "psychical phenomena." (1944) (1)
Comparative studies of learning in selected submammalian forms (1961) (1)
Animal Learning (1979) (1)
Psychiatric screening of flying personnel. VI. Anxiety and reactions to stress. (No. 21-37-002). (2013) (1)
A shocking grid for pigeons (1974) (1)
Spence on the problem of patterning. (1953) (1)
Frequency of blinking in visual work. (1947) (1)
Bindra's S-S contiguity theory of instrumental, learning (1978) (1)
Conditional discrimination of colors and odors by honeybees (1987) (1)
The Call Number, Volume 28, Numbers 2-3, November-December 1966 (1966) (0)
Creative deception. (1988) (0)
The Role of Contingency in Classical / C-t 1990 by the Amcrican Rycbdogical Asmciatim (2004) (0)
Psychology via Physiology: The Neuroscience of Animal Intelligence . From the Seahare to the Seahorse. Euan M. Macphail. Columbia University Press, New York, 1993. xxviii, 506 pp., illus. $45 or £35. Animal Intelligence. (1994) (0)
Discrimination following nondifferential reinforcement with differential afferent consequences. (1954) (0)
MacCorquodale and Meehl's Analysis of Tolman. (1956) (0)
PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT AND THE FISH. (1965) (0)
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS Delayed Symbolic Matching in Honeybees (Apis mellifera) (2007) (0)
A Reply to Wertheim (1966) (0)
Simple instrumental-conditioning in octopuses (1989) (0)
The use of painted grids and circuits in the construction of psychological apparatus. (1950) (0)
Notes on the Results of Army Intelligence Testing in World War I. (1946) (0)
Muscular tension as an index of visual efficiency; a progress report. (1948) (0)
SIDMAN AVOIDANCE IN THE FISH1 (2005) (0)
Visual Perception of Direction for Stimuli Flashed During Voluntary Saccadic Eye Movements (0)
Johnson's review of "Work and Effort". (1951) (0)
A Reply to Dr. Jacobson (1951) (0)
Transfer of decrement in ocular tasks. (1946) (0)
Psychiatric Screening of Flying Personnel: Conditioning and Extinction of the Galvanic Skin Response as a Function of Adjustment to Combat Crew Training: (528272009-001) (2013) (0)
Psychiatric screening of flying personnel: IV. Anxiety and reaction to stress: (510952009-001) (2013) (0)
Comparative studies of learning in selected submammalian forms: (627282012-032) (1960) (0)

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M. E. Bitterman's Published Works

Published Works

What Schools Are Affiliated With M. E. Bitterman?

M. E. Bitterman's AcademicInfluence.com Rankings