Mark-anthony Bray

Mark-anthony Bray's AcademicInfluence.com Rankings

Mark-anthony Bray

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Education

Mark-anthony Bray's Degrees

PhD Education Stanford University
Masters Education Stanford University
Bachelors Psychology University of California, Berkeley

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Mark-anthony Bray's Published Works

Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works

Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author

Published Works

The Shadow Education System: Private Tutoring and Its Implications for Planners (1999) (715)
Cross-border flows of students for higher education: Push–pull factors and motivations of mainland Chinese students in Hong Kong and Macau (2007) (556)
Levels of Comparison in Educational Studies: Different Insights from Different Literatures and the Value of Multilevel Analyses (1995) (338)
Demand for private supplementary tutoring: conceptual considerations, and socio-economic patterns in Hong Kong (2003) (331)
Comparative Education Research: Approaches and Methods (2007) (233)
Shadow Education: Private Supplementary Tutoring and Its Implications for Policy Makers in Asia (2012) (203)
Adverse effects of private supplementary tutoring : Dimensions, implications and government responses (2003) (170)
Researching shadow education: methodological challenges and directions (2010) (133)
Benefits and Tensions of Shadow Education: Comparative Perspectives on the Roles and Impact of Private Supplementary Tutoring in the Lives of Hong Kong Students (2013) (106)
Education And Society In Africa (1986) (104)
The effectiveness of private tutoring: students’ perceptions in comparison with mainstream schooling in Hong Kong (2013) (100)
The private costs of public schooling : household and community financing of primary education in Cambodia (1999) (97)
Differentiated demand for private supplementary tutoring: Patterns and implications in Hong Kong secondary education (2014) (95)
Education in small states : concepts, challenges, and strategies (1993) (95)
Schooling and Its Supplements: Changing Global Patterns and Implications for Comparative Education (2017) (79)
Shadow Education: Comparative Perspectives on the Expansion and Implications of Private Supplementary Tutoring (2013) (78)
Behind the façade of fee-free education: shadow education and its implications for social justice (2013) (78)
Community Initiatives in Education: Goals, dimensions and linkages with governments (2003) (77)
The Costs and Financing of Education: Trends and Policy Implications (2002) (77)
Community financing of education : issues and policy implications in less developed countries (1988) (77)
Financing Education in Transitional Societies: Lessons from Russia and China (2001) (75)
Micro-neoliberalism in China: public-private interactions at the confluence of mainstream and shadow education (2017) (75)
Education and society in Hong Kong and Macau : comparative perspectives on continuity and change (2005) (73)
The impact of shadow education on student academic achievement: Why the research is inconclusive and what can be done about it (2014) (73)
Decentralization of Education: Community Financing (1996) (71)
Measurement Issues in Research on Shadow Education: Challenges and Pitfalls Encountered in TIMSS and PISA (2014) (64)
Counting the Full Cost: Parental and Community Financing of Education in East Asia. Directions in Development Series. (1996) (62)
Comparative Education Research (2007) (61)
Marketized private tutoring as a supplement to regular schooling: Liberal Studies and the shadow sector in Hong Kong secondary education (2014) (60)
Early Childhood Development and Cognitive Development in Developing Countries: A Rigorous Literature Review (2014) (59)
Comparative research on shadow education: Achievements, challenges, and the agenda ahead (2020) (56)
Double-Shift Schooling: Design and Operation for Cost-Effectiveness (2000) (56)
Comparative Education in Greater China: Contexts, characteristics, contrasts and contributions (2001) (53)
Education and Colonial Transition: The Hong Kong experience in comparative perspective (1997) (53)
UNESCO’s International Institute for Educational Planning (2010) (51)
Shadow Education in Europe: Growing Prevalence, Underlying Forces, and Policy Implications (2020) (49)
Determinants of demand for private supplementary tutoring in China: findings from a national survey (2017) (47)
Equalising schooling, unequalising private supplementary tutoring: access and tracking through shadow education in China (2018) (47)
Educational Planning in Small Countries. (1992) (46)
The Control of education : international perspectives on the centralization-decentralization debate (1985) (46)
Making Small Practical (1991) (44)
Education and the Vestiges of Colonialism: self-determination, neocolonialism and dependency in (1993) (44)
EDUCATION IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION: ISSUES, CONCERNS AND PROSPECTS (2015) (42)
Actors and Purposes in Comparative Education (2007) (42)
Education and political transition : themes and experiences in East Asia (2002) (41)
Evolving ecosystems in education: The nature and implications of private supplementary tutoring in Hong Kong (2015) (40)
The internal dynamics of privatised public education: Fee-charging supplementary tutoring provided by teachers in Cambodia (2016) (38)
Education, democracy and colonial transition the case of Hong Kong (1993) (38)
Methodology and Focus in Comparative Education (2005) (37)
Examination Systems in Small States: Comparative Perspectives on Policies, Models and Operations (1998) (37)
Comparative Education in a Microcosm: Methodological Insights from the International Schools Sector in Hong Kong (2003) (36)
The Decentralisation Of Education In Kerala State, India: Rhetoric And Reality (2004) (36)
Education and political transition : implications of Hong Kong's change of sovereignty (1997) (35)
Understanding the nexus between mainstream schooling and private supplementary tutoring: patterns and voices of Hong Kong secondary students (2014) (35)
The expansion and roles of private tutoring in India: From supplementation to supplantation (2018) (35)
Private tutoring across the Mediterranean (2013) (34)
Colonialism, Scale, and Politics: Divergence and Convergence of Educational Development in Hong Kong and Macau (1992) (34)
Education in the Small States of the Commonwealth: Towards and Beyond Global Goals and Targets (2009) (32)
The hidden curriculum in a hidden marketplace: relationships and values in Cambodia’s shadow education system (2018) (32)
If UPE is the answer, what is the question? A comment on weaknesses in the rationale for universal primary education in less developed countries (1986) (32)
Education and Decentralisation in Less Developed Countries: a comment on (1985) (31)
Colonial models and the evolution of education systems Centralization and decentralization in Hong Kong and Macau (2000) (30)
Educational planning in a decentralised system : the Papua New Guinean experience (1984) (30)
School factors underlying demand for private supplementary tutoring in English: urban and rural variations in Bangladesh (2017) (29)
Financing higher education: Patterns, trends and options (2000) (28)
Financing of Education in Indonesia (1998) (28)
Comparative Education in the Era of Globalisation: Evolution, Missions and Roles (2003) (28)
Financing education in developing Asia: themes, tensions, and policies (1998) (27)
Centralization Versus Decentralization in Educational Administration: Regional Issues (1991) (27)
Language and Education in Hong Kong: New Policies but Unresolved Problems (1987) (25)
BLURRING BOUNDARIES: THE GROWING VISIBILITY, EVOLVING FORMS AND COMPLEX IMPLICATIONS OF PRIVATE SUPPLEMENTARY TUTORING (2018) (25)
Management and governance for EFA: is decentralization really the answer? (2004) (24)
Economic development and the market place for education (2006) (24)
Evolving micro-level processes of demand for private supplementary tutoring: patterns and implications at primary and lower secondary levels in China (2018) (24)
The implications of size for educational development in small territories: The case of Macau (1989) (23)
Small countries in international development (1987) (23)
Making Small Practical: The Organisation and Mangement of Ministries of Education in Small States. (1991) (22)
Are small schools the answer (1987) (22)
The Implications of Size for Educational Development in Small Countries: Montserrat, a Caribbean case study (1986) (21)
Centralization/decentralization and privatization/publicization: Conceptual issues and the need for more research (1994) (21)
The Challenges of Measuring Outside-School-Time Educational Activities: Experiences and Lessons from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) (2020) (21)
New Resources for Education: Community Management and Financing of Schools in Less Developed Countries (1986) (20)
Higher Education in Macau: Growth and Strategic Development (2002) (20)
Different Models, Different Emphases Different Insights (2007) (20)
Comparative education and international education in the history of Compare: boundaries, overlaps and ambiguities (2010) (20)
Reducing the Burden on the Poor: Household Costs of Basic Education in Gansu, China (2004) (19)
Education in Hong Kong pre-1841 to 1941: Fact and opinion: Anthony Sweeting. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, 1990, HK$210 (US$27). (1991) (19)
Tertiary Education in Small States: Planning in the Context of Globalization (2011) (18)
Private Subtractory Tutoring: The Negative Impact of Shadow Education on Public Schooling in Myanmar (2020) (18)
Education and socio-political change: The continued growth and evolution of the international schools sector in Hong Kong (2002) (18)
Social class and cross-border higher education: Mainland chinese students in Hong Kong and Macau (2006) (17)
When Whole-Person Development Encounters Social Stratification: Teachers’ Ambivalent Attitudes Towards Private Supplementary Tutoring in Hong Kong (2016) (17)
Transition from Socialism and the Financing of Higher Education: The Case of Mongolia (1994) (17)
Education and Society in Hong Kong and Macao (2005) (17)
Early childhood development and cognitive development in developing countries: A rigorous literature review. Department for International Development (2014) (16)
Ministries of Education in Small States: Case Studies of Organization and Management. (1991) (16)
School Clusters in the Third World: Making Them Work. Digest 23. (1987) (16)
Tradition, Change, and the Role of the World Council of Comparative Education Societies (2003) (16)
Sharing the Burden of Financing: Government and Household Partnerships for Basic Education (2004) (16)
School systems as breeding grounds for shadow education: Factors contributing to private supplementary tutoring in West Bengal, India (2020) (15)
The Global Spread of Shadow Education (2014) (15)
Multiple-Shift Schooling: Design and Operation for Cost-Effectiveness. (1989) (15)
Governance and Free Education: Directions, Mechanisms and Policy Tensions (2007) (15)
Is free education in the Third World either desirable or possible (1987) (14)
Decentralization of Education: Community Financing. Directions in Development. (1996) (14)
Researching Private Supplementary Tutoring (2016) (14)
Attempting a capitalist form of financing in a socialist system: student loans in the People's Republic of China (1992) (14)
A changing environment of urban education: historical and spatial analysis of private supplementary tutoring in China (2020) (13)
National Self-determination and International Dependence: The Organisation and Control of Secondary School Examinations in the Small States of the Commonwealth (1998) (13)
Financing Higher Education in Asia: Patterns, Trends, and Policies (1998) (13)
Credentialism and demand for private supplementary tutoring (2018) (13)
INSET: prospects and practice in developing countries (1985) (13)
Decolonisation and Education: new paradigms for the remnants of empire (1994) (13)
Education and social stratification in Papua New Guinea (1985) (13)
Designing and Implementing Mixed Approaches to Shadow Education Research: Experiences and Lessons in Hong Kong (2016) (12)
The Quality of Education in Multiple‐shift Schools: how far does a financial saving imply an educational cost? (1990) (12)
The organization and management of ministries of education in small states (1991) (12)
The economics of multiple-shift schooling: Research evidence and research gaps (1990) (11)
Education in Small States: Growth of Interest and Emergence of a Theory. (1991) (11)
Universal education in Pakistan: A perpetually elusive goal? (1983) (11)
Early childhood development and cognitive development in developing countries (2014) (11)
Higher education in small territories : Political transition and development in Macau (2002) (11)
The institutionalization of comparative education in Asia and the Pacific: roles and contributions of comparative education societies and the WCCES (2014) (10)
Educational Reform in a Small State: Bhutan's New Approach to Primary Education (1996) (10)
The dialectic of the international and the national: secondary school examinations in Maldives (2001) (10)
Planning education reforms in developing countries: The contingency approach: D. A. Rondinelli, J. Middleton and A. M. Verspoor. Duke University Press, Durham, 1990, 182pp. (1992) (10)
Scholarly Enquiry and the Field of Comparative Education (2007) (10)
Provision of Higher Education in Small States: Demands, Constraints and Strategies (1990) (10)
International influences on African educational development (1984) (10)
Researching supplementary education: Plans, realities, and lessons from fieldwork in china (2014) (9)
High School Selection in Less Developed Countries and the Quest for Equity: Conflicting Objectives and Opposing Pressures (1985) (9)
Out-of-School Supplementary Tutoring (2001) (9)
Special issue on human resource strategies for small states (2001) (9)
Student loans for higher education (1986) (9)
Mapping and Analyzing Private Supplementary Tutoring: Approaches and Themes (2019) (9)
Strategies for financing higher education: perspectives from Hong Kong and Macau (1991) (8)
Equity issues in local resourcing of education: Community financing of primary schools in Bhutan (1996) (8)
The Economics and financing of education: Hong Kong and comparative perspectives (1993) (7)
External Aid and Education in Small States: Structural Issues, and Insights from a World Bank Assisted Project in Solomon Islands (1999) (7)
Policy Implications and Conclusions (1988) (7)
Education in Small States (2011) (7)
Higher Education in Small Territories: Political Transition and Development in Macau (2003) (7)
The Comparative and International Education Society (CIES) and the World Council of Comparative Education Societies (WCCES): Leadership, Ambiguities and Synergies. (2006) (7)
Financing education in developing countries: an exploration of policy options: G. Psacharopoulos, J.P. Tan and E. Jimenez. The World Bank, Washington, 1986, 67pp. (1987) (7)
Education for development: an analysis of investment choices: George Psacharopoulos and Maureen Woodhall. Oxford University Press, New York, 1985, 338pp (1986) (6)
Cambodia : balancing the books - household financing of basic education (2005) (6)
The distinctiveness of modern awards (2011) (6)
Accountability and (mis)trust in education systems: Private supplementary tutoring and the ineffectiveness of regulation in Myanmar (2020) (6)
What crisis in educational planning? A perspective from Papua New Guinea (1984) (6)
Policies and Progress Towards Universal Primary Education (1981) (6)
Public-Private Partnerships in Supplementary Education: Sharing Experiences in East Asian Contexts (2018) (6)
Teachers as tutors, and tutors as teachers: blurring professional boundaries in changing eras (2021) (6)
Comparative education: traditions, applications, and the role of HKU (2004) (6)
Understanding shadow education from the perspective of economics of education (2017) (6)
Centralization versus Decentralization in Curriculum Development: Contrasting Patterns in Hong Kong and Macau (1992) (5)
Multiple systems, multiple shadows: Diversity of supplementary tutoring received by private-school students in Dubai (2022) (5)
Functional analysis (management audits) of the organization of ministries of education (1998) (5)
(Mis)Trust and (Abuse of) Authority in Cambodian Education: Parallel Lessons in the Shadow (2019) (5)
School Size and Unit Costs: International Evidence and its Usefulness (1988) (5)
Decentralization Of Education (1996) (5)
Community Financing of Schools in Less Developed Countries: Mechanisms and Issues. (1986) (5)
The costs and financing of primary schooling in Bhutan (1994) (5)
Beyond Shadows: Equity, Diversity, and Private Tutoring (2013) (4)
Education and Socio-Political Transitions in Asia: Diversity and Commonality (1996) (4)
Language and Education (2005) (4)
The politics of free education in Papua New Guinea (1982) (4)
Regional examinations councils and geopolitical change: commonality, diversity, and lessons from experience (1998) (4)
Responsibilised parents and shadow education: managing the precarious environment in China (2022) (4)
The re-emergence of private education in China (1982) (4)
BUILDING AND DIVERSIFYING EDUCATION SYSTEMS: EVOLVING PATTERNS AND CONTRASTING TRENDS IN HONG KONG AND MACAU (2006) (4)
Planning Secondary Education in Papua New Guinea: a comment on Bacchus (1985) (4)
Understanding International and Comparative Education Research (2014) (4)
Education in the Commonwealth: Towards and beyond the Internationally Agreed Goals. (2012) (4)
Educational Planning in a Decentralised System. (1985) (4)
Organisational and Cross-Cultural Issues: Learning from Research Approaches (2016) (3)
Researching Private Supplementary Tutoring in Cambodia: Contexts, Instruments and Approaches (2016) (3)
The Challenge of Scale: Educational Development in the Small States of the Commonwealth. Kazim Bacchus , Colin Brock (1989) (3)
Learning from each other: Expanding and deepening international research on shadow education (2021) (3)
An emerging donor in education and development (2011) (3)
El World Council of Comparative Education Societies (WCCES) : equilibrios, misiones y prospectivos (2005) (3)
Dropping out from community schools : the extent, the causes and possible remedies (1984) (3)
School Fees—Philosophical and Operational Issues (1988) (3)
Education in the Commonwealth: Quality Education for Equitable Development (2015) (2)
Shadow Education in the Middle East (2022) (2)
Changing times, changing territories: Reflections on CERC and the field of comparative education (2015) (2)
Geographies of shadow education: patterns and forces in the spatial distributions of private supplementary tutoring (2021) (2)
Swimming against the tide: Comparative lessons from government efforts to prohibit private supplementary tutoring delivered by regular teachers (2020) (2)
CHAPTER 1 – Community Bodies Engaged in Fund-Raising (1988) (2)
Conducting research into private supplementary tutoring: methods and approaches (2015) (2)
Comparative Research on Shadow Education: Historical Developments and Future Directions (2020) (2)
Commonwealth Education Partnerships 2012/13 (2012) (2)
Displacing the schools: default privatization and “school-less” arrangements for shadow education in Myanmar (2022) (2)
Diversification in Macau (2015) (2)
Introduction : situating private tutoring (2013) (2)
Community Management and Financing of Schools in Papua New Guinea (1988) (2)
Shadow education in Africa. Private supplementary tutoring and its policy implications (2021) (2)
Multiple-Shift Schooling (1989) (2)
Erratum: Comparative Education Research: Approaches and Methods (2016) (1)
The optimistic view. (1968) (1)
Financing Education in Asian and Pacific Countries (2003) (1)
Book Review:Multigrade Teaching in Single Teacher Primary Schools Unesco, Asia and the Pacific Program of Educational Innovation for Development (APEID) (1991) (1)
Educational Planning in Asia. Raja Roy-Singh (1992) (1)
When Whole-Person Development Encounters Social Stratification: Teachers’ Ambivalent Attitudes Towards Private Supplementary Tutoring in Hong Kong (2016) (1)
Editorial (2003) (1)
Household financing of basic education (2007) (1)
Educational administration in Hong Kong: personnel and schools (1990) (1)
Globalisation and the Expansion of Shadow Education: Changing Shapes and Forces of Private Supplementary Tutoring (2021) (1)
Comparative Education in the Education of Teachers: Singapore and Hong Kong (2005) (1)
Continuity and Change in Education (2005) (1)
Researching private supplementary tutoring: methodological lessons from diverse cultures (2019) (1)
Outside-School-Time Activities and Shadow Education (2019) (1)
Generating Other Resources at the Community Level (1986) (0)
Shadow education and its implications for social justice (2018) (0)
BOOK REVIEW (2009) (0)
Personnel and Training (1991) (0)
Public Administration in Small States (1991) (0)
Evolving ecosystems in education: The nature and implications of private supplementary tutoring in Hong Kong (2015) (0)
Colonialism and Education in Asia (2012) (0)
School Committees and Institutional Management (1986) (0)
Alternative Models and Cost-Effectiveness (1989) (0)
Researching Forms of Shadow Education: Methodological Challenges and Complexities of Private Supplementary Tutoring in Myanmar (2023) (0)
Parallel education: The nature and effects of private supplementary tutoring in Europe (2013) (0)
Gould, W. T. S., "People and Education in the Third World" (Book Review) (1994) (0)
Creating Viable Teaching Groups (1987) (0)
School Organisation and Timetabling (1989) (0)
The economics of shadow education: patterns of demand for private supplementary tutoring among secondary school students in Hong Kong (2012) (0)
CHAPTER 3 – Generating Resources (1988) (0)
Book reviews (1988) (0)
Book reviews (1990) (0)
Appendix, Notes on the Author and Advisory Team (1991) (0)
Timescapes of shadow education: patterns and forces in the temporal features of private supplementary tutoring (2022) (0)
Review of Comparative Education Research. Approaches and Methods (2015) (0)
Appreciation to reviewers (2003) (0)
Concepts of Cost Analysis (1989) (0)
Comparative Education: Societies and Associations (2010) (0)
Expanding Catchment Areas (1987) (0)
Developing Scholarship in Comparative Education (2015) (0)
Learning from and across Commonwealth small states: priorities for educational planning and research (2009) (0)
Book Reviews (2002) (0)
The pressures faced by Hong Kong families have increased in competitive society. The so-called shadow education system of supplementary tutoring has spread in influence and intensity. For both parents and their children, it is difficult to find the right balance. (2011) (0)
Comparative Education: New Challenges and New Paradigms (2005) (0)
The Reasons for Community Support (1986) (0)
Models for Multiple-Shift Schooling (1989) (0)
The harambee movement in Kenya: Self-help, development and education among the Kamba of Kitui district: Martin J.D. Hill. LSE Monographs on Social Anthropology 64. The Athlone Press, London, 1991, 329pp. (1994) (0)
List of Reviewers for Volume 3 (2005) (0)
Book Reviews (2002) (0)
Review of Educational Policy and Development Strategy in the Third World by M.K. Bacchus (1988) (0)
Publications Received (2010) (0)
Staffing and Management (1989) (0)
Staffing Small Schools (1987) (0)
The effectiveness of private supplementary tutoring: student motivations and perceptions in Hong Kong (2012) (0)
Misogyny or Rational Preferences of Households ? An Analysis of Gender Gap in Private School Enrolment in India (2015) (0)
Robert Cowen and Andreas Kazamias (eds.): International handbook of comparative education (2011) (0)
Changing times, changing territories: Comparative education in and from Hong Kong (2015) (0)
Educational Planning and Management in Small States [and] De la viabilite au developpement durable: role et perpectives de la planification de l'education das les petits Etates. (1990) (0)
The Regulation of Private Supplementary Tutoring: comparative perspectives on models and their implications (2011) (0)
Procedures for Registration (1986) (0)
Book Review:Educational Strategies for Small Island States David Atchoarena (1994) (0)
Approaches and Methods in Comparative Education: Selecting Units for Analysis (2012) (0)
Different Types of Community and School (1986) (0)
The impact of shadow education on student academic achievement: Why the research is inconclusive and what can be done about it (2014) (0)
Complexity of the Contexts: Features of Private Tutoring and Units for Comparison in the GCC Countries of the Middle East (2022) (0)
Small Schools or Large Schools (1987) (0)
Book Reviews (2000) (0)
Christianity in Northern Nigeria. By E. P. T. Crampton. London: Geoffrey Chapman 1979. Pp. xiii, 238, index, maps, tables, bibl. (1980) (0)
The Characteristics of Small States (1991) (0)
Formal Organisation of Ministries of Education (1991) (0)
Agency and Community Controls (1986) (0)
Combatting poverty through adult education: National development strategies: Chris Duke (ed.). Croom Helm, London, 1985, 253 pp., £17.95 (1985) (0)
Book reviewEducation and development in Asia: Jandhayala B. G. Tilak. Sage, New Delhi, London and Thousand Oaks, CA, 1994, ISBN 81-7036-381-0, 247pp (1995) (0)
Comparative education research approach and methods. (In Japanese) (2011) (0)
Guidelines for Financial Accounting (1986) (0)
2011/12 Commonwealth Education Partnerships (2011) (0)
Book Review (2006) (0)
Raising Money at the Community Level (1986) (0)
Education in austerity: Options for planners: Fundamentals of Educational Planning No. 36, Keith M. Lewin. IIEP, Paris, 1987, 131pp. (1988) (0)
Cross-Border Shadow Education: Private Supplementary Tutoring in the Global Education Industry (2022) (0)
The Management of Small Ministries (1991) (0)
The organization and management of ministries of education in small states. by Mark Bray (1991) (0)
The Implications of Size for Educational Development in Small States: The Case of Bhutan (2017) (0)
Conclusions: Experiences and Models (1991) (0)
Raising Enrolment Rates and Restructuring (1987) (0)
Publications Received (2011) (0)
The effectiveness of private tutoring: students’ perceptions in comparison with mainstream schooling in Hong Kong (2013) (0)
Invited Keynote: Educational Research and Planning Priorities in Commonwealth Small States (2009) (0)
The Educational Role of Narrative Fiction A Particular Focus on African Postcolonial Literature (2017) (0)
The evolving shadow: supplementary private tutoring in Hong Kong (2011) (0)
Opportunities for Outside Help (1986) (0)
Volume 25 Reviewers (2005) (0)
Central Administration and Support (1987) (0)
Central Guidance and Control (1988) (0)

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