Mark Zanna

Q: What Schools Are Affiliated With Mark Zanna

Mark Zanna is affiliated with the following schools: University of Waterloo, Princeton University

Mark Zanna's AcademicInfluence.com Rankings

Mark Zanna

Psychology

#1029

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#1281

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Social Psychology

#102

World Rank

#112

Historical Rank

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Psychology

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According to Wikipedia, Mark Zanna, FRSC was a social psychologist at the University of Waterloo. He was well known for his work on attitudes and intergroup relations. He earned his Ph.D. from Yale University. Research A major debate among attitude researchers in the 1970s concerned whether cognitive dissonance theory or self-perception theory best accounted for how people's attitudes change. While at Princeton University, Zanna and Joel Cooper conducted a landmark experiment that resolved the discrepancy in favor of cognitive dissonance. They demonstrated that arousal is necessary for some instances of attitude change—a precondition specified by dissonance theory but not by self-perception theory.

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Mark Zanna's Published Works

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Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author

Published Works

Trust in close relationships. (1985) (3013)
Attitudes and Attitude Change (1993) (1951)
Establishing a causal chain: why experiments are often more effective than mediational analyses in examining psychological processes. (2005) (1843)
Direct Experience And Attitude-Behavior Consistency (1981) (1236)
Attitudes: A new look at an old concept. (1988) (988)
The Nonverbal Mediation of Self-Fulfilling Prophecies in Interracial Interaction. (1974) (897)
Let's not be indifferent about (attitudinal) ambivalence. (1995) (882)
The Handbook of Attitudes (2005) (810)
Assessing the structure of prejudicial attitudes: The case of attitudes toward homosexuals. (1993) (633)
Attitudinal qualities relating to the strength of the attitude-behavior relationship☆ (1978) (602)
Secure and defensive high self-esteem. (2003) (593)
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (2015) (592)
Dissonance and the pill: an attribution approach to studying the arousal properties of dissonance. (1974) (516)
Compensatory conviction in the face of personal uncertainty: going to extremes and being oneself. (2001) (512)
Values, stereotypes, and emotions as determinants of intergroup attitudes. (1993) (486)
On the predictive validity of attitudes: The roles of direct experience and confidence1 (1978) (431)
Two brief interventions to mitigate a “chilly climate” transform women’s experience, relationships, and achievement in engineering. (2014) (401)
Inequality, discrimination, and the power of the status quo: Direct evidence for a motivation to see the way things are as the way they should be. (2009) (357)
Thinking and caring about cognitive inconsistency: when and for whom does attitudinal ambivalence feel uncomfortable? (2002) (352)
Subliminal priming and persuasion: Striking while the iron is hot (2002) (302)
Dissonance and Self-perception: An integrative View of Each Theory's Proper Domain of Application (1977) (285)
On the cultural guises of cognitive dissonance: the case of easterners and westerners. (2005) (254)
Tobacco denormalization and industry beliefs among smokers from four countries. (2006) (244)
Alcohol, sexual arousal, and intentions to use condoms in young men: applying alcohol myopia theory to risky sexual behavior. (2000) (237)
Attitudes: Introduction and Scope (2005) (237)
An affirmed self and an open mind: Self-affirmation and sensitivity to argument strength. (2004) (230)
On the Primacy of Affect in the Determination of Attitudes and Behavior: The Moderating Role of Affective-Cognitive Ambivalence (1998) (229)
Alcohol myopia and condom use: can alcohol intoxication be associated with more prudent behavior? (2000) (219)
Enhancing the effectiveness of tobacco package warning labels: a social psychological perspective. (2002) (219)
On the self-fulfilling nature of apparent sex differences in behavior (1975) (217)
Motivational factors predict quit attempts but not maintenance of smoking cessation: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four country project. (2010) (211)
Attitude–behavior consistency: An individual difference perspective. (1980) (205)
The impact of computer-mediated communication on self-awareness☆ (1988) (204)
The near-universal experience of regret among smokers in four countries: findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Survey. (2004) (196)
The conflicted individual: personality-based and domain-specific antecedents of ambivalent social attitudes. (1995) (184)
Justice-based opposition to social policies : Is it genuine ? (1998) (180)
Direct Experience and Attitude-Behavior Consistency: An Information Processing Analysis (1978) (178)
The Psychology of prejudice (1994) (173)
Inducing Hypocrisy to Reduce Prejudicial Responses among Aversive Racists (2002) (169)
The merit of meritocracy. (2011) (168)
Differential weighting of favorable and unfavorable attributes in impressions of personality. (1972) (157)
Meritocracy and opposition to affirmative action: making concessions in the face of discrimination. (2002) (156)
Impression Management in the Job Interview (1981) (153)
The cost of lower self-esteem: testing a self- and social-bonds model of health. (2008) (150)
Why Common Sense Goes Out the Window: Effects of Alcohol on Intentions to Use Condoms (1996) (148)
Commitment in the face of adversity : a value-affirmation approach (1990) (143)
Arousal as a necessary condition for attitude change following induced compliance. (1978) (142)
Authoritarian dynamics and unethical decision making: high social dominance orientation leaders and high right-wing authoritarianism followers. (2007) (141)
A two-dimensional model that employs explicit and implicit attitudes to characterize prejudice. (2008) (140)
Smoking in Movies, Implicit Associations of Smoking With the Self, and Intentions to Smoke (2007) (139)
Problem Drinking: A Problem for the Theory of Reasoned Action?1 (1992) (138)
Positive and negative attitudinal affect established by classical conditioning. (1970) (138)
Evaluating a sex-related ability: Social comparison with similar others and standard setters (1975) (134)
Preferring “Housewives” To “Feminists”: Categorization and the Favorability of Attitudes Toward Women (1994) (134)
Decision making in altered states: effects of alcohol on attitudes toward drinking and driving. (1995) (134)
Patterns of cognitive dissonance-reducing beliefs among smokers: a longitudinal analysis from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey (2012) (127)
Types of High Self-Esteem and Prejudice: How Implicit Self-Esteem Relates to Ethnic Discrimination Among High Explicit Self-Esteem Individuals (2005) (127)
Need for structure in attitude formation and expression. (1989) (126)
Interpersonal similarity and the social and intellectual dimensions of first impressions (1988) (124)
The psychology of values (1996) (123)
On inferring one's beliefs from one's behavior. (1969) (114)
Predictors of smoking cessation among adult smokers in Malaysia and Thailand: findings from the International Tobacco Control Southeast Asia Survey. (2010) (111)
The Role of Meaning in Grapheme-Colour Synaesthesia (2006) (111)
Cross-Dimension Ambivalence toward Social Groups: Can Ambivalence Affect Intentions to Hire Feminists? (1998) (104)
Effects of salience of extrinsic rewards on liking and loving. (1980) (102)
Treating Women as Sexual Objects (1990) (101)
Context effects in impression formation: Changes in connotative meaning. (1974) (97)
Preference for the Merit Principle Scale: An Individual Difference Measure of Distributive Justice Preferences (1999) (95)
A new look at selective exposure (1979) (94)
Dissonance motivation: Its nature, persistence, and reinstatement. (1979) (94)
"Remembering" dissonance: Simultaneous accessibility of inconsistent cognitive elements moderates epistemic discomfort. (1999) (90)
Stigma and sexual orientation: Understanding prejudice against lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (1998) (89)
Reciprocal relation between attitudes and behavior recall: Committing people to newly formed attitudes. (1983) (86)
Attitude and activity preference similarity: Differential bases of interpersonal attraction for low and high self-monitors. (1987) (85)
On the use of open-ended measures to assess attitudinal components (1998) (85)
The Rhetorical Use of Values to Justify Social and Intergroup Attitudes (1994) (84)
Mood and the expression of ethnic stereotypes. (1995) (84)
The role of mood in the expression of intergroup stereotypes (1994) (83)
Computer-Mediated Communications: The Focus Is on Me (1990) (81)
Authoritarianism, Values, and the Favorability and Structure of Antigay Attitudes (1998) (80)
The (limited) role of trait-laden stereotypes in predicting attitudes toward Native peoples (1994) (78)
Intentions and Their Contexts in the Moral Judgments of Children and Adults. (1978) (78)
Is dissonance phenomenologically aversive (1976) (77)
What happened to smokers’ beliefs about light cigarettes when “light/mild” brand descriptors were banned in the UK? Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey (2008) (77)
The insidious (and ironic) effects of positive stereotypes (2013) (77)
Culture, Self and the Emergence of Reactance: Is there a "Universal" Freedom? (2009) (72)
Dimensions of Perceived Discrimination: The Personal/Group Discrimination Discrepancy (2013) (70)
Persuasion as a function of self-awareness in computer-mediated communication (1989) (69)
Cognition, Affect, and the Prediction of Social Attitudes (1999) (68)
The relation between number of smoking friends, and quit intentions, attempts, and success: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. (2014) (67)
Victoria's Dirty Secret: How Sociocultural Norms Influence Adolescent Girls and Women (2008) (67)
"I love me...I love me not:" Implicit self-esteem, explicit self-esteem, and defensiveness. (2003) (67)
The compleat academic : a practical guide for the beginning social scientist (1987) (67)
Self-inference processes (1992) (65)
Do risk-minimizing beliefs about smoking inhibit quitting? Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four-Country Survey. (2009) (65)
Impact of Negative Advertising on Evaluations of Political Candidates: The 1993 Canadian Federal Election (1997) (64)
Justifying attitudes by appealing to values: A functional perspective (1988) (63)
Pygmalion and galatea: The interactive effect of teacher and student expectancies (1975) (63)
Time Pressure and Information Integration in Social Judgment (1993) (62)
On the interaction of repression-sensitization and attention in resolving cognitive dissonance. (1976) (62)
Assessing the Impact of Affective and Cognitive Information in Predicting Attitudes toward Capital Punishment (1998) (61)
Internal states or external stimuli: Observers' attitude judgments and the dissonance-theory-self-persuasion controversy (1968) (61)
The Role of Social Comparison in Choice Shifts. (1979) (60)
A contextual analysis of the system justification motive and its societal consequences. (2009) (54)
Socioeconomic status and smokers' number of smoking friends: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. (2014) (54)
The effects of smoking norms and attitudes on quitting intentions in Malaysia, Thailand and four Western nations: A cross-cultural comparison (2009) (54)
Remembering the message: the use of a reminder cue to increase condom use following a safer sex intervention. (2006) (54)
Making moral judgments. (1982) (54)
Self-Perception and Attitude-Behavior Consistency (1981) (53)
Perceived risk and quitting behaviors: results from the ITC 4-country survey. (2012) (53)
Attribute dimensions and patterns of trait inferences (1972) (52)
Cognitive Irreversibility in a Dissonance- Reduction Situation. (1970) (51)
Physical Appearance, Stigma, and Social Behavior (2022) (51)
Rewriting the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy of Social Rejection (2011) (48)
Consistency in social behavior (1982) (48)
Culture and Social Behavior : The Ontario Symposium, Volume 10 (2005) (45)
Beliefs about the relative harm of “light” and “low tar” cigarettes: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey (2010) (45)
Intergroup Research with the Tajfel Matrices: Methodological Notes (2013) (45)
Support and correlates of support for banning smoking in cars with children: findings from the ITC Four Country Survey. (2011) (44)
The Compleat Academic: A Career Guide (2009) (44)
Mood and the expression of intergroup attitudes: The moderating role of affect intensity (1994) (43)
Not all automatic associations are created equal: How implicit normative evaluations are distinct from implicit attitudes and uniquely predict meaningful behavior (2012) (43)
An Experimental Test of the Role of Alcohol in Relationship Conflict (2000) (42)
Deviation and conformity: opinion change as a function of commitment, attraction, and presence of a deviate. (1966) (41)
Are social-psychological smoking prevention programs effective? The waterloo study (1985) (41)
On the nature of prejudice. (1994) (40)
Attentional mechanisms in children's devaluation of a forbidden activity in a forced-compliance situation. (1973) (38)
Bolstering Attitudes by Autobiographical Recall (1988) (38)
Further evidence for meaning change in impression formation (1977) (37)
Nagging doubts and a glimmer of hope: The role of implicit self-esteem in self-image maintenance (2005) (36)
Mistreatment of an esteemed other as a consequence affecting dissonance reduction (1974) (36)
Don't take another bite: how sociocultural norms for appearance affect women's eating behavior. (2007) (35)
Pygmalion revisited: New evidence for student expectancy effects in the classroom. (1987) (33)
Children's Perceptions of Procedural Justice. (1984) (33)
The Psychology of Values : The Ontario Symposium, Volume 8 (2013) (33)
Implementation intentions for physical activity in supportive and unsupportive environmental conditions: An experimental examination of intention–behavior consistency (2012) (33)
Values and Ideologies (2007) (32)
Recounting the Past: Gender Differences in the Recall of Events in the History of a Close Relationship (2013) (31)
Regret and rationalization among smokers in Thailand and Malaysia: findings from the International Tobacco Control Southeast Asia Survey. (2009) (30)
An Experimental Investigation of the Interactive Effects of Alcohol and Sexual Arousal on Intentions to Have Unprotected Sex (2009) (28)
On creating value-expressive attitudes: An experimental approach (1996) (28)
Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT): changes in community attitudes toward cigarette smoking. (1998) (27)
When Citizens Fight Back: Justice Sensitivity and Resistance to Political Reform (2011) (26)
Physiological mediation of attitudinal responses. (1976) (25)
Sex, Fear of Success, and the Perceptions and Performance of Law School Students1 (1975) (24)
Motivated Social Perception : The Ontario Symposium, Volume 9 (2003) (24)
AND ATTITUDE CHANGE (1993) (24)
The Psychology of Justice and Legitimacy (2011) (23)
Attitudes, Advertising, and Automobiles: a Functional Approach (1993) (23)
Value Priorities and Behavior: Applying a Theory of Integrated Value Systems (2013) (23)
Message receptivity: A new look at the old problem of open- versus closed-mindedness. (1993) (23)
The Psychology of Prejudice : The Ontario Symposium, Volume 7 (2013) (22)
Self-inference processes in emotion. (1990) (22)
How Television News Viewers Deal with Facts that Contradict Their Beliefs: A Consistency and Attribution Analysis1 (1976) (22)
Value Relevance and the Value-Attitude Relation: Value Expressiveness Versus Halo Effects (1991) (22)
Validating Objective Versus Subjective Judgments (1983) (21)
Social Motivation: Exploring the Discrepancy Between Implicit and Explicit Prejudice: A Test of Aversive Racism Theory (2004) (21)
Investigating attitudes cross-culturally: a case of cognitive dissonance among East Asians and North Americans (2004) (21)
Sexuality-related measures: A compendium (2nd edition) (1998) (21)
Understanding and promoting exercise: a social psychological perspective. (1987) (21)
Repression-sensitization differences in responses to a decision (1982) (19)
Predicting prejudicial attitudes: the importance of affect, cognition and the feeling-belief dimension (1993) (19)
Predicting Alcohol Use in Young Adult Males (1987) (18)
9. The heterogeneity of self-esteem: exploring the interplay between implicit and explicit self-esteem (2009) (18)
Subliminal Priming and Persuasion: How Motivation Affects the Activation of Goals and the Persuasiveness of Messages. (2005) (17)
Measuring attitudes towards smoking in the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT). (1998) (16)
Alcohol and intentions to engage in risky health-related behaviors: Experimental evidence for a causal relationship. (1998) (16)
Power, Gender, and Intergroup Discrimination: Some Minimal Group Experiments (2013) (16)
The concern for justice and reactions to affirmative action: Cause or rationalization? (2001) (15)
Group Membership and Belief Similarity As Determinants of Interpersonal Attraction in Peru (1973) (15)
Responsive Low Self-Esteem: Low Explicit Self-Esteem, Implicit Self-Esteem, and Reactions to Performance Outcomes (2013) (13)
Toward a situational analysis of gender differences in aggression (1982) (13)
My Life as a Dog (I Mean Editor) (1992) (13)
On The predictive validity of attitudes (1978) (12)
13. Defensive conviction as emotion regulation: goal mechanisms and interpersonal implications (2010) (12)
Physiological Mediation of Attitude Maintenance, Formation, and Change (1984) (12)
Policies to redress social injustice: Is the concern for justice a cause both of support and of opposition? (2002) (11)
The Naive Epistemology of a Working Social Psychologist (Or the Working Epistemology of a Naive Social Psychologist): The Value Of Taking “Temporary Givens” Seriously (2004) (11)
Attitude Function: Is It Related to Attitude Structure? (1990) (11)
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: Sex Role Stereotypes as Expectations for Behavior (1984) (11)
Affect, cognition, and social attitudes (1999) (11)
Perceived credibility of television news: A matter of viewer's attitudes and the position taken by the media (1973) (11)
Nonconscious Self-Esteem: Is There Something You're Not Telling Yourself? (2006) (10)
How to Read a Journal Article in Social Psychology (2009) (9)
Stereotypic personality inferences following objective versus subjective judgments of beauty. (1983) (9)
Are there “His” and “Her” Types of Decisions? Exploring Gender Differences in the Confirmation Bias (2011) (9)
Relative Deprivation and Social Comparison: An Integrative Perspective (2014) (8)
Evaluation thermometer measure for assessing attitudes toward gay men (1998) (8)
Inference of belief from rejection of an alternative action. (1972) (8)
Attitude-Behavior Consistency: Fulfilling the Need For Cognitive Structure (1989) (8)
The role of motivation in the unconscious: How our motives control the activation of our thoughts and shape our actions (2005) (8)
Among High Explicit Self-Esteem Individuals Types of High Self-Esteem and Prejudice : How Implicit Self-Esteem Relates to Ethnic Discrimination (2005) (7)
Recognizing discrimination explicitly while denying it implicitly: Implicit social identity protection☆ (2011) (7)
The Persistence of Persuasion (2013) (7)
Cognitive Dissonance Theory: Collective Actions and Individual Reactions (1987) (6)
Retaliation Against Sexual Assault: Self-Defense or Public Duty? (1983) (6)
An introduction to the hiring process in academic psychology. (1981) (6)
Dissonance now: How accessible discrepancies moderate distress and diverse defenses. (2019) (6)
On inferring one's beliefs from one's behavior in a low-choice setting. (1973) (6)
Perception and Evaluation of Body Image: The Meaning of Body Shape and Size (2013) (5)
Europen review of social psychology (1999) (5)
Inferring one’s beliefs from one’s behavior as a function of belief relevance and consistency of behavior (1971) (5)
Perceived Relationship, Sex-Role Orientation, and Gender Differences in Reward Allocation. (1978) (4)
10. Discrepancies between implicit and explicit attitudes, prejudices, and self-esteem: a model of simultaneous accessibility (2012) (4)
Promoting physical activity: a social psychological perspective. (1980) (4)
Anxiety and Deconstruction: On Escaping the Self (2013) (4)
The Perception of Social Categories: Implications for the Social Comparison Process (2014) (4)
Ambivalence and Accessibility (2005) (4)
On the relationship of data to theory: A reply to Ronis and Greenwald (1979) (4)
Social Influence : The Ontario Symposium, Volume 5 (2014) (3)
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology : Volume 48 (2013) (3)
Arousal and causal attribution (1990) (3)
On Using a Theory of Knowledge Acquisition to Acquire Knowledge (1990) (2)
The Origins and Structure of Behavior: Conceptualizing Behavior in Attitude Research (2014) (2)
While Waiting for Nature to Take Her Course: There's Nothing So Practical as a Good…Design (2011) (2)
Misleading vs. mistreating another person as consequences producing self‐justificatory attitude change (1975) (2)
The Social Psychology of Prejudice: Getting It All Together (2013) (2)
Evaluation thermometer for assessing attitudes toward gay men (1998) (2)
Attitude Theory and Research: Intradisciplinary and Interdisciplinary Connections (2014) (2)
Intellectual Competition and the Female Student. Final Report. (1973) (2)
The Measurement of Attitudes (2014) (2)
Assessing the structure of anti-gay attitudes: The impact of right-wing authoritarianism and values on anti-gay prejudice and discrimination (1998) (2)
The Heuristic Model of Persuasion (2014) (2)
Critical Thinking in Psychology: Not All Experiments Are Created Equal (2006) (2)
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies: Sex Role Stereotypes as Expectations for Behavior * (2020) (1)
East Meets West?: Regulatory Focus and Advertising Appeals in Korea, Canada, and the United States (2008) (1)
The Compleat Academic (2021) (1)
On Managing the Faculty—Graduate Student Research Relationship (2021) (1)
The Influence of Attitudes on Beliefs: Formation and Change (2014) (1)
In Memoriam: Robert P. Abelson (1928-2005) (2006) (1)
Implicit and Explicit Attitudes: Research, Challenges, and Theory (2014) (0)
Asian Modern Racism Scale (2011) (0)
Reducing Prejudice in Right-Wing Authoritarians (2013) (0)
On Confirming Others' Sex-Role Stereotypes. (1981) (0)
Synaesthetic photisms and context (2010) (0)
Motivation Scale (MS) (2001) (0)
Engineering Student Experiences Measure (2015) (0)
Student Political Campaigners: Who Campaigns and What Effect Does It Have on Them? (1973) (0)
The Structure of Affect (2014) (0)
Narrative persuasion and overcoming resistance: (633872013-232) (2014) (0)
Running Head : DEVELOPING MEASURES OF IMPLICIT NORMS How social representations become automatic : The measurement and impact of implicit norms (2009) (0)
Viewers' Political Orientation and the Appropriateness of TV Newscaster Behavior (1974) (0)
Self-Inference Processes: Looking Back and Ahead (2013) (0)
Locus of Control and Attitudes concerning Military Service (1972) (0)
Trust Scale (TS) 1985 (2001) (0)
A psychological approach to evidence-based architectural design in domestic spaces (2010) (0)
Content Versus Process: If There Is Independence, Can There Still Be Two Levels of Information Processing? (1999) (0)
Social Cognition (2022) (0)
The Hiring Process in Academia (2021) (0)
Everthing You Always Wanted to Know About Research But Were Afraid to Ask (Your Advisor) (2021) (0)
The Structure of Attitudes (2014) (0)
Zanna Psychologist ) : The Value Of Taking ' ' Temporary Givens ' ' Seriously The Naive Epistemology of a Working Social Psychologist ( Or the Working Epistemology of a Naive Social (2007) (0)

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What Schools Are Affiliated With Mark Zanna?

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