Michael Kremer | Academic Influence

Why Is Michael Kremer Influential?

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By Sara L. Austin, EdD

Michael Kremer is a University Professor in Economics and the College and the Harris School of Public Policy at the University of Chicago, and Director of the Development Innovation Lab. Kremer is also founder and president of WorldTeach, co-founder of Precision Agriculture for Development, a research affiliate for Innovations for Poverty Action, and a renowned developmental economist. He earned an A.B. in social studies and a Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University.

He is best known for Kremer’s O-Ring Theory of Economic Development, which suggests that production tasks must be executed proficiently in order for any task to be of high value, supporting the idea of complementary skills. He also published a study suggesting that the stockpiling of elephant ivory by governments could help reduce the incidence of poaching by allowing governments to flood the market and devalue trafficked goods.

His work with Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo resulted in them sharing the 2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, for their work using randomized controlled trials to test antipoverty measures. Their work to abolish global poverty has helped to advance our understanding of social economic policies and the mechanisms for promoting development within local economies.

He was instrumental in the advent of the advanced market commitment, a program focused on creating incentives to drive investment in the development of vaccines for developing nations.

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According to Wikipedia, Michael Robert Kremer is an American development economist who is University Professor in Economics And Public Policy at the University of Chicago. He is the founding director of the Development Innovation Lab at the Becker Friedman Institute for Economics. Kremer served as the Gates Professor of Developing Societies at Harvard University until 2020. In 2019, he was jointly awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, together with Esther Duflo and Abhijit Banerjee, "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty."

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Michael Kremer's Published Works

Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works

Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author

Published Papers

The O-Ring Theory of Economic Development (1993) (1648)
Population Growth and Technological Change: One Million B.C. to 1990 (1993) (1379)
Nudging Farmers to Use Fertilizer: Theory and Experimental Evidence from Kenya (2009) (1143)
Good Policy or Good Luck? Country Growth Performance and Temporary Shocks (1993) (890)
How High Are Rates of Return to Fertilizer? Evidence from Field Experiments in Kenya (2008) (582)
Wage Inequality and Segregation by Skill (1996) (481)
Good policy or good luck (1993) (466)
Patent Buy-Outs: A Mechanism for Encouraging Innovation (1997) (444)
The Challenge of Education and Learning in the Developing World (2013) (366)
Integrating Behavioral Choice into Epidemiological Models of AIDS (1996) (362)
Peer Effects and Alcohol Use Among College Students (2003) (351)
School Meals, Educational Achievement, and School Competition: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation (2004) (292)
Pharmaceuticals and the developing world. (2002) (281)
How Much Does Sorting Increase Inequality? (1996) (278)
Self-Control at Work (2015) (228)
Strong Medicine: Creating Incentives for Pharmaceutical Research on Neglected Diseases (2004) (214)
Income Distribution Dynamics with Endogenous Fertility (2000) (187)
Development and functional consequences of LPS tolerance in sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver (2005) (152)
Creating Markets for New Vaccines. Part I: Rationale (2000) (148)
Self-Control and the Development of Work Arrangements (2010) (146)
Disorganization (1997) (141)
Kupffer cell and interleukin‐12–dependent loss of natural killer T cells in hepatosteatosis (2010) (138)
Pricing and Access: Lessons from Randomized Evaluations in Education and Health (2009) (137)
Contribution of Gut Bacteria to Liver Pathobiology (2010) (132)
Outside Funding and the Dynamics of Participation in Community Associations (2008) (132)
The impact of distributing school uniforms on children’s education in Kenya (2008) (129)
Why are teachers absent? Probing service delivery in Peruvian primary schools (2006) (124)
LPS signaling enhances hepatic fibrogenesis caused by experimental cholestasis in mice. (2006) (122)
Advance market commitments for vaccines against neglected diseases: estimating costs and effectiveness. (2007) (114)
Behavioral development economics (2019) (105)
Realizing the potential of digital development: The case of agricultural advice (2019) (98)
Incentivizing Innovation: Adding to the Tool Kit (2010) (87)
Favored T helper 1 response in a mouse model of hepatosteatosis is associated with enhanced T cell–mediated hepatitis (2006) (86)
Access and Quality in the Kenyan Education System : A Review of the Progress , Challenges and Potential Solutions Prepared for Office of the Prime Minister of Kenya (2011) (84)
Why are Worker Cooperatives so Rare? (1997) (79)
Market design to accelerate COVID-19 vaccine supply (2021) (75)
Perspectives on stimulating industrial research and development for neglected infectious diseases. (2001) (74)
The Return to Capital for Small Retailers in Kenya: Evidence from Inventories * (2011) (72)
Income-distribution dynamics with endogenous fertility. (1999) (70)
Integrating Behavioral Choice into Epidemiological Models of the Aids Epidemic (1996) (70)
Behavioral Biases and Firm Behavior: Evidence from Kenyan Retail Shops (2013) (65)
Harvard university (2008) (65)
Evaluating agricultural information dissemination in western Kenya (2017) (64)
The New Role for the World Bank (2016) (58)
Why Isn't Convergence Instantaneous? Young Workers, Old Workers, and Gradual Adjustment (1998) (56)
Creating Markets for New Vaccines. Part II: Design Issues (2000) (56)
Impact Evaluation for Slum Upgrading Interventions (2008) (53)
Regional Public Goods: From Theory to Practice (2003) (52)
Creating Markets for Vaccines (2006) (52)
Wage Inequality and Segregation (1996) (51)
Impaired liver regeneration and increased oval cell numbers following T cell–mediated hepatitis (2007) (50)
Preventives Versus Treatments (2015) (45)
Improving Health in Developing Countries (2011) (45)
Advance Market Commitments: Insights from Theory and Experience (2020) (45)
The impact of development assistance on social capital: evidence from Kenya (2002) (40)
Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Hypertrophy of the Future Liver Remnant after Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy. (2015) (38)
A Better Way to Spur Medical Research and Development (2000) (38)
Why are Drugs More Profitable than Vaccines? (2003) (38)
Creating Markets for New Vaccines (2000) (33)
Globalization and Inequality (2003) (32)
Differentially Expressed Genes in Postperfusion Biopsies Predict Early Graft Dysfunction After Liver Transplantation (2006) (32)
Borrowing Requirements, Credit Access, and Adverse Selection: Evidence from Kenya (2016) (31)
Economic Transformation, Population Growth, and the Long-Run World Income Distribution (2006) (29)
Preparing for a Pandemic: Accelerating Vaccine Availability (2021) (28)
The Economics of International Refugee Law (2011) (28)
Pivotal role of Smad3 in a mouse model of T cell–mediated hepatitis (2007) (27)
Reperfusion of liver graft during transplantation: techniques used in transplant centres within Eurotransplant and meta‐analysis of the literature (2013) (26)
Natural killer T cells and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: fat chews on the immune system. (2008) (25)
Globalization and International Public Finance (2000) (24)
Advance Market Commitments: A Policy to Stimulate Investment in Vaccines for Neglected Diseases (2006) (22)
Does Development Assistance Help Build Social Capital (2000) (21)
Making markets for vaccines: ideas to action. The report of the Center for Global Development Advance Market Commitment Working Group. (2005) (21)
Designing Advance Market Commitments for New Vaccines (2020) (19)
Why is There No AIDS Vaccine (2004) (18)
"Self-Control at Work: Evidence from a Field Experiment" (2010) (18)
Is there a standard for surgical therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma in healthy and cirrhotic liver? A comparison of eight guidelines (2017) (18)
Work and Women′s Marriage, Fertility and Empowerment: Evidence from Textile Mill Employment in India∗ (2014) (18)
Globalization of Labor Markets and Inequality (2006) (16)
Preventives Versus Treatments Redux: Tighter Bounds on Distortions in Innovation Incentives with an Application to the Global Demand for HIV Pharmaceuticals (2018) (16)
Asian Growth and African Development (2006) (16)
Interlinked Transactions and Competition: Experimental Evidence from Cocoa Markets∗ (2019) (16)
Exact CT-based liver volume calculation including nonmetabolic liver tissue in three-dimensional liver reconstruction. (2010) (15)
A World Bank vaccine commitment. (2000) (15)
Graft Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-1 Protects After Mouse Liver Transplantation Whereas Host Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-1 Promotes Injury (2006) (14)
Contract Farming and Agricultural Productivity in Western Kenya (2014) (14)
Modulation of inflammation in wounds of diabetic patients treated with porcine urinary bladder matrix (2019) (14)
Can Having Fewer Partners Increase Prevalence of Aids? (1994) (14)
On the Relation between Task-Variety, Social Informal Learning, and Employability (2018) (13)
Joint Liability, Asset Collateralization, and Credit Access: Evidence from Rainwater Harvesting Tanks in Kenya (2015) (13)
The Case for a Vaccine Purchase Fund (1999) (12)
Guns, Latrines, and Land Reform: Dynamic Pigouvian Taxation (2016) (11)
Advantages of a multi-state approach in surgical research: how intermediate events and risk factor profile affect the prognosis of a patient with locally advanced rectal cancer (2018) (10)
The rockefeller effect (2004) (10)
Testing fractional doses of COVID-19 vaccines (2021) (10)
Identification of differentially expressed genes after partial rat liver ischemia/reperfusion by suppression subtractive hybridization. (2005) (9)
Graft rinse prior to reperfusion in liver transplantation: literature review and online survey within the Eurotransplant community (2015) (9)
Severe complications after mesh migration following abdominal hernial repair: report of two cases and review of literature (2019) (9)
Extrahepatic Cells Contribute to the Progenitor/Stem Cell Response Following Reduced-Size Liver Transplantation in Mice (2007) (9)
Smad3 signaling in the regenerating liver: implications for the regulation of IL‐6 expression (2014) (9)
Experimentation, Innovation, and Economics (2020) (9)
Young Workers, Old Workers, and Convergence (1994) (8)
AIDS : The economic rationale for public intervention (1999) (8)
Optimal Vaccine Subsidies for Endemic and Epidemic Diseases (2020) (8)
Validity of studies suggesting postsurgical chemotherapy for resectable gastric cancer: critical appraisal of randomised trials (2017) (8)
Accurate volume measurement for liver surgery in vivo evaluation with a pig model (2004) (8)
Worst-Case Bounds on R&D and Pricing Distortions: Theory with an Application Assuming Consumer Values Follow the World Income Distribution (2018) (7)
Crony Capitalism , Collective Action , and ICT : Evidence from Kenyan Contract Farming (7)
Can a Rule-of-Thumb Tool Improve Fertilizer Management ? Experimental Evidence from Bangladesh ∗ (2015) (7)
Rates of Return , Optimization Failures , and Behavioral Biases : Evidence from Kenyan Retail Shops (2016) (7)
The Endowment Effect and Collateralized Loans (2022) (6)
The Effectiveness of Public Agricultural Extension : Evidence from Two Approaches in Kenya ∗ (2017) (6)
Could Vaccine Dose Stretching Reduce COVID-19 Deaths? (2021) (6)
Nudging Farmers to Utilize Fertilizer: Theory and Experimental Evidence from Kenya (2009) (5)
The revenue consequences of vaccines versus drug treatments. [Draft]. (2002) (5)
Advance Market Commitments (2011) (5)
What Education Production Functions Really Show : Towards a Positive Theory of Education Expenditures (1997) (5)
Emerging Roles for Lipids in the Hepatic Innate Immune (2013) (5)
Worst-Case Bounds on R&D and Pricing Distortions: Theory and Disturbing Conclusions If Consumer Values Follow the World Income Distribution (2018) (5)
Stimulating industrial R & D for neglected infectious diseases : economic perspectives (2000) (5)
Incentivizing Education: Adding to the Toolkit (2010) (5)
Impaired T cell-mediated hepatitis in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα)-deficient mice (2018) (5)
Targeting, Discretionary Funding, and the Provision of Local Public Goods: Evidence from Kenya∗ (2016) (4)
Public Policies to Stimulate Development of Vaccines for Neglected Diseases (2006) (4)
Does favorable tax-treatment of housing reduce non-housing investment? (2001) (4)
When is Prevention More Profitable than Cure? The Impact of Time-Varying Consumer Heterogeneity (2013) (4)
Measuring Poverty: Discussion (2005) (4)
WHY THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD SUBSIDIZE THE PURCHASE OF PATENTED PHARMACEUTICALS (2003) (3)
Protecting Antiquities: A Role for Long-Term Leases? (2014) (3)
Guns, Latrines, and Land Reform: Private Expectations and Public Policy (2016) (3)
The Value of Local Agricultural Information: Evidence from Kenya∗ (2019) (2)
Why don ’ t farmers use fertilizers : 2 Evidence from Field Experiments in Western Kenya 3 ( PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE ) 4 April (2006) (2)
Optimal Subsidies for Prevention of Infectious Disease (2020) (2)
Adjuvant chemotherapy in curatively resected rectal cancer: How valid are the data? (2020) (2)
Advance Market Commitments for Vaccines Working Paper and Spread Sheet (2006) (2)
Dynamic Loss Aversion, Growth, and Development∗ (2014) (2)
Validity of studies suggesting preoperative chemotherapy for resectable thoracic esophageal cancer: A critical appraisal of randomized trials (2020) (2)
Is Development Innovation a Good Investment? Which Innovations Scale? Evidence on social investing from USAID’s Development Innovation Ventures (2019) (2)
Resection or radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma? Assessment of validity of current studies, meta-analyses and their influence on guidelines. (2020) (2)
On how to improve world health (2004) (2)
Blue Spoons: Sparking Communication About Appropriate Technology Use (2022) (2)
Which Diseases Generate the Largest Epidemiological Externalities? (2008) (2)
Incentives, Institutions, and Development Assistance (2003) (1)
The New Role of the World Bank - Working Paper 421 (2016) (1)
A magnet for vaccines. (2004) (1)
Diagnostic role of the ‘white test’ with lipidic solution in the early intraoperative identification of open bile ducts for the prevention of bile leakage after liver resection: study protocol for a randomised controlled multicentric superiority trial (BiLe-Trial) (2021) (1)
Social Capital : The World Bank ’ s Fungible Friend BEN FINE (2003) (1)
Seed Capital : The Impact of Agricultural Output on Local Economic Activity in India ∗ PRELIMINARY (2012) (1)
Pre-Commitments to Purchase New Vaccines : Rationale (1999) (1)
Incentives for research on neglected disease (2005) (1)
Incentivizing Innovation : Adding to the Tool Kit Author ( s ) : (2010) (1)
Development outreach 6 (1) : Client power making services work for the poor (2004) (1)
15453 Guided meditation for phototherapy (2020) (1)
Success in Entrepreneurship: Doing the Math (2013) (1)
The Government ' s Helping Hand : A Study of Thailand ' s Agricultural Debt Moratorium (2004) (1)
1 Incentivizing Innovation : Adding to the Tool Kit (2010) (1)
Does Favorable Tax-Treatment of Housing Reduce Equipment Investment? (1997) (1)
When is Prevention More Profitable than Cure (2013) (1)
Presence of arthralgia exacerbates decreased quality of life in hidradenitis suppurativa patients. (2019) (0)
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES NOMINAL WAGE RIGIDITY IN VILLAGE LABOR MARKETS (2014) (0)
HIV/AIDS Prevention: the Potential of Primary Education (2006) (0)
Creating Markets for Vaccines (Innovations Case Discussion: International AIDS Vaccine Initiative) (2006) (0)
Pivotal role of Smad3 in T cell‐mediated hepatitis (2007) (0)
Specific transfer of oncolytic adenoviruses by mesenchymal stem cells for the elimination of pancreatic tumour stem cells (2014) (0)
361 Natural Killer T Cell Activation Promotes a Fibrinolytic Phenotype Within the Cholestatic Liver (2008) (0)
SORTING AND LONG-RUN INEQUALITY* RAQUEL FERNANDEZ AND RICHARD ROGERSON (2005) (0)
Vaccines vs. Preventives (2015) (0)
17504 Identifying a need for further dermoscopy training in patients with darker skin phototypes in dermatology residency (2020) (0)
Are Drugs More Pro fi table Than Vaccines ? (2003) (0)
Preventives Versus Treatments Redux: Tighter Bounds on Distortions in Innovation Incentives with an Application to the Global Demand for HIV Pharmaceuticals (2018) (0)
Making Services Work for Poor People Shantayanan Devarajan Ritva Reinikka (2002) (0)
Leveraging ICT-Extension to Increase Farmer Experimentation : Evidence from Kenya ∗ (2018) (0)
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with Funding from Working Paper Department of Economics Mentoring and Diversity (2011) (0)
Disorganization The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters (2009) (0)
14.772 Development Economics: Macroeconomics, Spring 2009 (2009) (0)
A Better School but a Worse Position ? (2017) (0)
Smad3 promotes hepatocellular apoptosis and hepatic fibrogenesis following chronic cholestasis (2007) (0)
Maintenance and proliferation of purified pancreatic β-cells in vitro (2003) (0)
Digital information channels in the Rwandan potato value chain Policy (2020) (0)
Learning from the task at hand: How does task variety help employees to stay employable? (2016) (0)
When is Prevention Better Than Cure ? (0)
Agriculture Evaluating agricultural information dissemination in western Kenya December 2017 (2017) (0)
BSP International Research Conference on Remittances “The Macroeconomic Consequences of Remittances: Implications for Monetary and Financial Policies in Asia” 30-31 March 2009 Mandaluyong City, Philippines (2009) (0)
Paper by Carroll and Weil: A comment (1994) (0)
3 Impaired Hepatic Lipid Metabolism By Hepatitis C Virus in Mice and Humans: Implications for Modulation of Transcriptional Processes (2008) (0)
- 1-Impact Evaluation for Slum Upgrading Interventions (2006) (0)
CX3CL1 promotes macrophage accumulation and stellate cell activation in BDL‐induced hepatic fibrogenesis (2011) (0)
Reperfusion of the Transplanted Liver: Heterogeneous Techniques in European Transplantation Centres: 2353 (2012) (0)
Pre-Commitments to Purchase New Vaccines : Design Issues (1999) (0)
Adoptive transfer of splenic T cells restores the hepatic fibrogenic response to chronic cholestasis in severe combined immunodeficient mice (2006) (0)
Converging to Convergence (2021) (0)
Name (Program) Email/Primary Fields/JMP/Advisors and References (2013) (0)
The New Role of the World Bank (2016) (0)
WORKING PAPER SERIES ADVANCE MARKET COMMITMENTS : INSIGHTS FROM THEORY AND EXPERIENCE (2020) (0)
In thinking about the impact of the globalization of labor markets on inequal (2016) (0)
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with Funding from Boston Library Consortium Iviember Libraries Working Paper Department of Economics \na Ge Inequatmr and Segrega Tion by Skill (2011) (0)
Harnessing Ideas to Idealism - December 2007 Finance & Development (2008) (0)

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