Nicholas Franks

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Nicholas Franks is affiliated with the following schools: University of California, Berkeley, Imperial College London, Stanford University

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Nicholas Franks

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Nicholas Franks's Degrees

PhD Computer Science University of California, Berkeley
Masters Computer Science Stanford University

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According to Wikipedia, Nicholas Peter Franks FRS FRSB has been Professor of Biophysics and Anaesthetics at Imperial College London since 1993. His research focuses on how general anaesthetics act at the cell and molecular levels as well as with neuronal networks. Franks holds patents on use of xenon gas as a neuroprotectant and has published research on the use of the anesthetic properties of xenon.

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Nicholas Franks's Published Works

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Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author

Published Works

Molecular and cellular mechanisms of general anaesthesia (1994) (1745)
Crystal structure of human serum albumin complexed with fatty acid reveals an asymmetric distribution of binding sites (1998) (1190)
General anaesthesia: from molecular targets to neuronal pathways of sleep and arousal (2008) (1088)
The &agr;2-Adrenoceptor Agonist Dexmedetomidine Converges on an Endogenous Sleep-promoting Pathway to Exert Its Sedative Effects (2003) (740)
The sedative component of anesthesia is mediated by GABAA receptors in an endogenous sleep pathway (2002) (557)
Do general anaesthetics act by competitive binding to specific receptors? (1984) (556)
Crystal structure of firefly luciferase throws light on a superfamily of adenylate-forming enzymes. (1996) (542)
How does xenon produce anaesthesia? (1998) (488)
Binding of the General Anesthetics Propofol and Halothane to Human Serum Albumin (2000) (481)
Fatty acid binding to human serum albumin: new insights from crystallographic studies. (1999) (435)
Structural analysis of hydrated egg lecithin and cholesterol bilayers. II. Neutrol diffraction. (1976) (409)
Molecular targets underlying general anaesthesia (2006) (328)
Molecular mechanisms of general anaesthesia (1982) (318)
Two-pore-domain K+ channels are a novel target for the anesthetic gases xenon, nitrous oxide, and cyclopropane. (2004) (295)
Stereospecific effects of inhalational general anesthetic optical isomers on nerve ion channels. (1991) (276)
Xenon Mitigates Isoflurane-induced Neuronal Apoptosis in the Developing Rodent Brain (2007) (265)
Xenon and hypothermia combine to provide neuroprotection from neonatal asphyxia (2005) (258)
Where do general anaesthetics act? (1978) (250)
Contrasting Synaptic Actions of the Inhalational General Anesthetics Isoflurane and Xenon (2000) (246)
The structure of lipid bilayers and the effects of general anaesthetics. An x-ray and neutron diffraction study. (1979) (237)
Dexmedetomidine produces its neuroprotective effect via the α2A-adrenoceptor subtype (2004) (232)
Differential Sensitivities of Mammalian Neuronal and Muscle Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors to General Anesthetics (1997) (229)
Mapping of general anaesthetic target sites provides a molecular basis for cutoff effects (1985) (225)
Selective actions of volatile general anaesthetics at molecular and cellular levels. (1993) (220)
Competitive Inhibition at the Glycine Site of the N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor by the Anesthetics Xenon and Isoflurane: Evidence from Molecular Modeling and Electrophysiology (2007) (219)
Mechanisms of general anesthesia. (1990) (215)
A propofol binding site on mammalian GABAA receptors identified by photolabeling (2013) (214)
Structural basis for the inhibition of firefly luciferase by a general anesthetic. (1998) (202)
Temperature Dependence of the Potency of Volatile General Anesthetics: Implications for In Vitro Experiments (1996) (202)
The TREK K2P channels and their role in general anaesthesia and neuroprotection. (2004) (201)
Effects of Xenon on In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Neuronal Injury (2002) (200)
Volatile general anaesthetics activate a novel neuronal K+ current (1988) (200)
Neuronal ensembles sufficient for recovery sleep and the sedative actions of α2 adrenergic agonists (2015) (175)
The Neuroprotective Effect of Xenon Administration during Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice (2003) (173)
Xenon Preconditioning Reduces Brain Damage from Neonatal Asphyxia in Rats (2006) (168)
Moderate hypothermia within 6 h of birth plus inhaled xenon versus moderate hypothermia alone after birth asphyxia (TOBY-Xe): a proof-of-concept, open-label, randomised controlled trial (2016) (167)
Xenon Attenuates Cardiopulmonary Bypass–induced Neurologic and Neurocognitive Dysfunction in the Rat (2002) (166)
Stereoselective Effects of Etomidate Optical Isomers on Gamma‐aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors and Animals (1998) (149)
What is the molecular nature of general anaesthetic target sites (1987) (148)
Dexmedetomidine produces its neuroprotective effect via the alpha 2A-adrenoceptor subtype. (2004) (148)
Effects of inhalational general anaesthetics on native glycine receptors in rat medullary neurones and recombinant glycine receptors in Xenopus oocytes (1996) (147)
Partitioning of long-chain alcohols into lipid bilayers: implications for mechanisms of general anesthesia. (1986) (138)
GABA and glutamate neurons in the VTA regulate sleep and wakefulness (2018) (134)
Which molecular targets are most relevant to general anaesthesia? (1998) (133)
The neuroprotective effects of xenon and helium in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury* (2008) (133)
Wakefulness Is Governed by GABA and Histamine Cotransmission (2015) (130)
Stereoselective and non‐stereoselective actions of isoflurane on the GABAA receptor (1994) (123)
The Involvement of Hypothalamic Sleep Pathways in General Anesthesia: Testing the Hypothesis Using the GABAA Receptor β3N265M Knock-In Mouse (2009) (115)
Altered Activity in the Central Medial Thalamus Precedes Changes in the Neocortex during Transitions into Both Sleep and Propofol Anesthesia (2014) (107)
Actions of general anaesthetics on 5‐HT3 receptors in N1E‐115 neuroblastoma cells (1996) (98)
Is membrane expansion relevant to anaesthesia? (1981) (98)
Structural analysis of hydrated egg lecithin and cholesterol bilayers. I. X-ray diffraction. (1976) (96)
The effects of general anaesthetics on carbachol-evoked gamma oscillations in the rat hippocampus in vitro (2003) (93)
Neuroprotection against Traumatic Brain Injury by Xenon, but Not Argon, Is Mediated by Inhibition at the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Glycine Site (2013) (89)
Molecular organization of liquid n-octanol: an X-ray diffraction analysis. (1993) (87)
Bench-to-bedside review: Molecular pharmacology and clinical use of inert gases in anesthesia and neuroprotection (2010) (87)
An unexpected role for TASK-3 potassium channels in network oscillations with implications for sleep mechanisms and anesthetic action (2009) (86)
Competitive Inhibition at the Glycine Site of the N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Mediates Xenon Neuroprotection against Hypoxia–Ischemia (2010) (84)
Sleep and general anesthesia (2011) (84)
GABAergic Inhibition of Histaminergic Neurons Regulates Active Waking But Not the Sleep–Wake Switch or Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness (2012) (84)
Inhibitory synapses: Anaesthetics set their sites on ion channels (1997) (81)
The Temperature Dependence of Sleep (2019) (80)
Role of hydrogen bonding in general anesthesia. (1991) (79)
A Neuronal Hub Binding Sleep Initiation and Body Cooling in Response to a Warm External Stimulus (2018) (77)
Are Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors Important Targets for Sedative/Hypnotic Drugs? (2012) (76)
Circadian Factor BMAL1 in Histaminergic Neurons Regulates Sleep Architecture (2014) (74)
Sleep deprivation and stress: a reciprocal relationship (2020) (73)
Can the stereoselective effects of the anesthetic isoflurane be accounted for by lipid solubility? (1994) (71)
Insensitivity of P- Type Calcium Channels to Inhalational and Intravenous General Anesthetics (1994) (68)
Neuroprotective interaction produced by xenon and dexmedetomidine on in vitro and in vivo neuronal injury models (2006) (65)
Xenon Neuroprotection in Experimental Stroke: Interactions with Hypothermia and Intracerebral Hemorrhage (2012) (64)
An X-ray diffraction analysis of oriented lipid multilayers containing basic proteins. (1985) (63)
Effects of thiopental and its optical isomers on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (2000) (63)
Effects of Temperature and Volatile Anesthetics on GABAA Receptors (1999) (61)
Stereoselective loss of righting reflex in rats by isoflurane. (2000) (60)
Feasibility and Safety of Delivering Xenon to Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery While on Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Phase I Study (2006) (59)
Relevant Concentrations of Inhaled Anesthetics for In Vitro Studies of Anesthetic Mechanisms (2001) (58)
Thermodynamics of anesthetic/protein interactions. Temperature studies on firefly luciferase. (1993) (53)
Histamine: neural circuits and new medications (2018) (53)
Excitatory Pathways from the Lateral Habenula Enable Propofol-Induced Sedation (2018) (50)
Seeing the light: protein theories of general anesthesia. 1984. (2004) (49)
Modulation of the general anesthetic sensitivity of a protein: a transition between two forms of firefly luciferase. (1991) (49)
The two-pore-domain K(+) channels TREK-1 and TASK-3 are differentially modulated by copper and zinc. (2004) (49)
Xenon Improves Neurologic Outcome and Reduces Secondary Injury Following Trauma in an In Vivo Model of Traumatic Brain Injury* (2015) (48)
Actions of general anaesthetics on a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in isolated identified neurones of Lymnaea stagnalis (1995) (48)
Anesthetic inhibition of firefly luciferase, a protein model for general anesthesia, does not exhibit pressure reversal. (1991) (48)
Galanin Neurons Unite Sleep Homeostasis and α2-Adrenergic Sedation (2019) (47)
Actions of general anaesthetics and arachidonic acid pathway inhibitors on K+ currents activated by volatile anaesthetics and FMRFamide in molluscan neurones (1998) (46)
Xenon improves long-term cognitive function, reduces neuronal loss and chronic neuroinflammation, and improves survival after traumatic brain injury in mice (2019) (45)
The Common Chemical Motifs Within Anesthetic Binding Sites (2007) (45)
Effects of general anesthetics on the bacterial luciferase enzyme from Vibrio harveyi: an anesthetic target site with differential sensitivity. (1990) (44)
Determinants of the Anesthetic Sensitivity of Two-pore Domain Acid-sensitive Potassium Channels (2007) (43)
Preparation of barbiturate optical isomers and their effects on GABA(A) receptors. (1999) (42)
The role of K2P channels in anaesthesia and sleep (2014) (42)
Determinants of the Sensitivity of AMPA Receptors to Xenon (2004) (42)
Background K+ channels: an important target for volatile anesthetics? (1999) (40)
GABA Receptors and the Pharmacology of Sleep. (2017) (40)
Identification of Two Mutations (F758W and F758Y) in the N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Glycine-binding Site that Selectively Prevent Competitive Inhibition by Xenon without Affecting Glycine Binding (2012) (39)
Structure of myelin lipid bilayers. Changes during maturation. (1982) (38)
The Differential Effects of Nitrous Oxide and Xenon on Extracellular Dopamine Levels in the Rat Nucleus Accumbens: A Microdialysis Study (2006) (37)
A direct method for determination of membrane electron density profiles on an absolute scale (1978) (37)
Sleep and Sedative States Induced by Targeting the Histamine and Noradrenergic Systems (2018) (37)
Combination of Xenon and Isoflurane Produces a Synergistic Protective Effect against Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation Injury in a Neuronal–Glial Co-culture Model (2003) (36)
Effects of temperature and volatile anesthetics on GABA(A) receptors. (1999) (34)
Structural Comparisons of Ligand-gated Ion Channels in Open, Closed, and Desensitized States Identify a Novel Propofol-binding Site on Mammalian &ggr;-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors (2015) (34)
Bottom-Up versus Top-Down Induction of Sleep by Zolpidem Acting on Histaminergic and Neocortex Neurons (2016) (33)
The effects of hypoxia on the modulation of human TREK‐1 potassium channels (2005) (29)
Anaesthetics on the mind (1987) (29)
Probing the molecular dimensions of general anaesthetic target sites in tadpoles (Xenopus laevis) and model systems using cycloalcohols (1991) (28)
Noble gas neuroprotection: xenon and argon protect against hypoxic–ischaemic injury in rat hippocampus in vitro via distinct mechanisms (2019) (26)
An anesthetic-sensitive superfamily of neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. (1996) (26)
Selective Effects of Volatile General Anesthetics on Identified Neurons a (1991) (26)
Effects of temperature on the anaesthetic potency of halothane, enflurane and ethanol in Daphnia magna (Cladocera: Crustacea). (1992) (26)
Sleep and thermoregulation (2020) (25)
Expansion of Gas Bubbles by Nitrous Oxide and Xenon (2006) (25)
Xenon Protects against Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury in an In Vitro Model (2017) (25)
A serious target for laughing gas (1998) (25)
Staying awake – a genetic region that hinders α2 adrenergic receptor agonist-induced sleep (2014) (24)
Dysfunction of ventral tegmental area GABA neurons causes mania-like behavior (2019) (23)
Xenon Exerts Age-independent Antinociception in Fischer Rats (2004) (23)
Rested and refreshed after anesthesia? Overlapping neurobiologic mechanisms of sleep and anesthesia. (2004) (23)
Mapping the polarity profiles of general anesthetic target sites using n-alkane-(alpha, omega)-diols. (1991) (22)
General anesthesia and ascending arousal pathways. (2009) (22)
Mutational Analysis of the Putative High-Affinity Propofol Binding Site in Human β3 Homomeric GABAA Receptors (2015) (21)
The effects of temperature on the interactions between volatile general anaesthetics and a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (1995) (20)
Selective Synaptic Actions of Thiopental and Its Enantiomers (2002) (19)
Genetic lesioning of histamine neurons increases sleep–wake fragmentation and reveals their contribution to modafinil-induced wakefulness (2019) (18)
Molecular Modeling of a Tandem Two Pore Domain Potassium Channel Reveals a Putative Binding Site for General Anesthetics (2014) (18)
Determinants of the Anesthetic Sensitivity of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors* (2002) (18)
The inescapable drive to sleep: Overlapping mechanisms of sleep and sedation (2021) (17)
Activation and modulation of recombinant glycine and GABAA receptors by 4‐halogenated analogues of propofol (2016) (17)
Effects of isoflurane and xenon on Ba2+-currents mediated by N-type calcium channels. (2005) (17)
Two-pore domain potassium channels enable action potential generation in the absence of voltage-gated potassium channels (2014) (16)
Are the biological effects of ethanol due to primary interactions with lipids or with proteins? (1987) (15)
Crystallization and preliminary diffraction studies of firefly luciferase from Photinus pyralis. (1996) (13)
Rapid movement of molecules across membranes. Measurement of the permeability coefficient of water using neutron diffraction. (1980) (13)
Selectivity of general anesthetics: A new dimension (1997) (12)
nNOS-Expressing Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area and Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta (2018) (12)
The pharmacology of simple molecules. (1986) (11)
Synthesis and use of the n-bromododecane-1,12-diols as conformational probes for general anesthetic target sites. (1993) (11)
A specific circuit in the midbrain detects stress and induces restorative sleep (2022) (11)
Xenon treatment after severe traumatic brain injury improves locomotor outcome, reduces acute neuronal loss and enhances early beneficial neuroinflammation: a randomized, blinded, controlled animal study (2020) (10)
Sleep deprivation triggers somatostatin neurons in prefrontal cortex to initiate nesting and sleep via the preoptic and lateral hypothalamus (2020) (9)
Identification of Anesthetic Binding Sites on Human Serum Albumin Using a Novel Etomidate Photolabel* (2007) (8)
The molecular basis of general anesthesia: Current ideas (1998) (8)
An anaesthetic-activated potassium channel. (1991) (7)
Do Direct Protein/Anesthetic Interactions Underlie the Mechanism of General Anesthesia? (1986) (7)
Modulation of GABA A receptor function and sleep (2018) (7)
Mapping of general anaesthetic target sites (reply) (1986) (6)
The Unfolding Story of How General Anesthetics Act (2014) (6)
HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN COMPLEXED WITH MYRISTIC ACID (1998) (5)
The structure and permeability of reconstituted membranes (1983) (5)
Fast and Slow Inhibition in the Visual Thalamus Is Influenced by Allocating GABAA Receptors with Different γ Subunits (2017) (5)
THE INTERACTION OF HALOTHANE WITH THE BINDING SITE OF A FUNCTIONAL PROTEIN, CHOLESTEROL OXIDASE (1998) (5)
Neuron membranes: anaesthetics on the mind. (1987) (4)
NMDA receptors in the lateral preoptic hypothalamus are essential for sustaining NREM and REM sleep (2022) (3)
Sleep and general anesthesia Le sommeil et l'anesthesie generale (2011) (3)
Feasibility and Safety of Delivering Xenon to Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery While on Cardiopulmonary Bypass (2006) (3)
Effects of physiologically relevant pressures of helium on the structure of cholesterol-containing lipid bilayers. A neutron diffraction study. (1991) (3)
Low-angle x-ray diffraction. (1981) (3)
Myelin structure (1976) (3)
Nitric Oxide Synthase Neurons in the Preoptic Hypothalamus Are NREM and REM Sleep-Active and Lower Body Temperature (2021) (2)
GABA and glutamate neurons in the VTA regulate sleep and wakefulness (2018) (2)
Galanin neurons in the hypothalamus link sleep homeostasis, body temperature and actions of the α2 adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine (2019) (2)
Xenon improves neurological outcome and reduces secondary injury following trauma in an in vivo model of traumatic brain injury (2015) (2)
The stillness of sleep (2020) (2)
Lactate Clearance in the Acutely Traumatized Patient (2012) (2)
Hypothalamic NMDA receptors stabilize NREM sleep and are essential for REM sleep (2020) (2)
Albumin : HIGH RESOLUTION CRYSTAL STRUCTURES Binding of the General Anesthetics Propofol and Halothane to Human Serum (2000) (1)
Neuroprotection by nitrous oxide and xenon and its relation to minimum alveolar concentration. Authors' reply (2004) (1)
Xenon Exhibits Its Neuroprotection Through an Anti-Apoptotic Mechanism (2004) (1)
Brain Clocks, Sleep, and Mood. (2021) (1)
David Mervyn Blow. 27 June 1931 — 8 June 2004 (2009) (1)
The role of NMDA receptors in consciousness: What we learn from anesthetic mechanisms? (2000) (1)
What Are “Relevant” Concentrations? (2001) (1)
David Mervyn Blow (1931–2004): Pioneer of Protein Crystallography (2004) (1)
Combination of Xenon and Hypothermia Against Apoptotic and Necrotic Neuronal Death Induced by Hypoxia-Ischemia in Neonatal Rats (2004) (1)
Neurons in prefrontal cortex respond to sleep deprivation by initiating sleep preparatory behaviour and NREM sleep (2022) (0)
Using hyperbaric conditions for the provision of neuroprotection (2008) (0)
CLASSIC PAPERS REVISITED (2004) (0)
FIREFLY LUCIFERASE IN COMPLEX WITH BROMOFORM (1998) (0)
Room D, 10/17/2000 9: 00 AM - 11: 00 AM (PS) The Optical Isomers of Isoflurane Show Stereoselective Effects in Rats A-747 (2000) (0)
The role of K2P channels in anaesthesia and sleep (2014) (0)
Air bubble growth in water. Authors' reply (2006) (0)
Nitric oxide synthase neurons in the preoptic hypothalamus are sleep-active and contribute to regulating NREM and REM sleep and lowering body temperature (2021) (0)
Analgesic for newborns and fetuses (2003) (0)
Oral Communications-2-pore domain K + channels : Regulators of cell excitability 7 P C 12 Identification of the determinants for volatile general anaesthetic modulation of TASK 2 PK channels (2006) (0)
Identification of the determinants for volatile general anaesthetic modulation of TASK 2PK channels (2006) (0)
One-lung Ventilation Provided by Anesthesiologists Having Minimal Experience with Thoracic Anesthesia (2015) (0)
Biochemical pathways of sleep (2023) (0)
HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN IN A COMPLEX WITH MYRISTIC ACID AND TRI-IODOBENZOIC ACID (1999) (0)
Two-pore domain potassium channels enable action potential generation in the absence of voltage-gated potassium channels (2014) (0)
An anesthetic preparation comprising an NMDA antagonist and agonist adrenergic an alpha-2 (2000) (0)
Neuroprotective effects of propofol in a model of traumatic brain injury: 9AP6-7 (2008) (0)
HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN COMPLEXED WITH MYRISTIC ACID and the general anesthetic halothane (2001) (0)
Contrasting Roles of Orexin (Hypocretin) in Anesthetic-Induced Hypnosis: [2002][A-774] (2002) (0)
8 Xenon is neuroprotective, improves outcome and promotes beneficial early neuroinflammation in a rat model of severe traumatic brain injury (2023) (0)
Metadata of the chapter that will be visualized online Chapter Title GABA Receptors and the Pharmacology of Sleep (2017) (0)
Xenon prevents early neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (2019) (0)
Xenon treatment improves short-term and long-term outcomes in a rodent model of traumatic brain injury (2018) (0)
Air Bubble Growth in Water (2006) (0)
GABAergic IPSCs in the tuberomamillary nucleus and in the perifornical area of the hypothalamus are insensitive to prolongation by the general anaesthetic propofol in the N265M knock-in mouse (2006) (0)
The Mechanistic Relationship between NREM Sleep and Anesthesia (2006) (0)
Mechanisms of General Anesthesia by N. P. Franks* and W. R. Lieb* (2016) (0)
Crystal structure of human serum albumin complexed with the general anesthetic halothane (2001) (0)
Xenon Exerts Age-independent Antinociception in (2017) (0)
Corrigendum: Genetic lesioning of histamine neurons increases sleep–wake fragmentation and reveals their contribution to modafinil-induced wakefulness (2019) (0)
A formulation comprising an NMDA antagonist and an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist (2000) (0)
A Miniature Neural Recording Device to Investigate Sleep and Temperature Regulation in Mice (2019) (0)
Ion channels and inhalational anaesthetics: molecular mechanisms of action (2000) (0)
Xenon is neuroprotective against blast traumatic brain injury in vitro (2018) (0)
Crystal structure of human serum albumin (2001) (0)
Delayed xenon treatment prevents injury development following blast-neurotrauma in vitro (2019) (0)
A simple method for recording single-channel activity from synaptic plasma membranes (1993) (0)

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