Per Bak
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Danish physicist
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Physics
Per Bak's Degrees
- PhD Physics University of Copenhagen
Why Is Per Bak Influential?
(Suggest an Edit or Addition)According to Wikipedia, Per Bak was a Danish theoretical physicist who coauthored the 1987 academic paper that coined the term "self-organized criticality." Life and work After receiving his Ph.D. from the Technical University of Denmark in 1974, Bak worked at Brookhaven National Laboratory. He specialized in phase transitions, such as those occurring when an insulator suddenly becomes a conductor or when water freezes. In that context, he also did important work on complicated spatially modulated structures in solids. This research led him to the more general question of how organization emerges from disorder.
Per Bak's Published Works
Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works
Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author
Published Works
- How Nature Works (1996) (1854)
- Earthquakes as a self‐organized critical phenomenon (1989) (1037)
- How Nature Works: The Science of Self‐Organized Criticality (1997) (1032)
- REVIEW ARTICLE: Commensurate phases, incommensurate phases and the devil's staircase (1982) (887)
- Unified scaling law for earthquakes. (2001) (535)
- Theory of helical magnetic structures and phase transitions in MnSi and FeGe (1980) (486)
- Ising model with solitons, phasons, and "the devil's staircase" (1980) (417)
- A forest-fire model and some thoughts on turbulence (1990) (402)
- Complexity, contingency, and criticality. (1995) (310)
- Small Worlds: The Dynamics of Networks between Order and Randomness, by Duncan J. Watts (2000) (308)
- One-Dimensional Ising Model and the Complete Devil's Staircase (1982) (292)
- Learning from mistakes (1997) (292)
- Transition to chaos by interaction of resonances in dissipative systems. I: Circle maps (1984) (289)
- How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organised Criticality (1997) (272)
- Theory of the Structural Phase Transformations in Tetrathiafulvalene-Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ) (1976) (261)
- Self-organized criticality in the 'Game of Life" (1989) (256)
- Evolution as a self-organized critical phenomenon. (1995) (234)
- Complete Devil's Staircase, Fractal Dimension, and Universality of Mode- Locking Structure in the Circle Map (1983) (229)
- The Devil's Staircase (1986) (215)
- Transition to chaos by interaction of resonances in dissipative systems. II. Josephson junctions, charge-density waves, and standard maps (1984) (203)
- Unified scaling law for earthquakes (2002) (199)
- Self-similarity of extinction statistics in the fossil record (1997) (168)
- Two-dimensional ising model with competing interactions : floating phase, walls and dislocations (1981) (168)
- Devil's Stairs and the Commensurate-Commensurate Transitions in CeSb (1979) (145)
- The physics of fractals (1989) (121)
- First-Order Transitions, Symmetry, and the epsilon Expansion (1976) (111)
- Physical realizations of n >= 4-component vector models. 3. Phase transitions in Cr, Eu, Mn S-2, Ho, Dy, and Tb (1976) (104)
- Commensurate-incommensurate transitions in rare-gas monolayers adsorbed on graphite and in layered charge-density-wave systems (1979) (104)
- Mean field theory of self-organized critical phenomena (1988) (102)
- Self-Organization of Complex Systems (1999) (89)
- Chaotic Behavior and Incommensurate Phases in the Anisotropic Ising Model with Competing Interactions (1981) (88)
- Adaptive learning by extremal dynamics and negative feedback. (2000) (86)
- Mean-field theory of the three-dimensional anisotropic Ising model as a four-dimensional mapping (1983) (84)
- Editorial note: Unified scaling law for earthquakes [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 178501 (2002)]. (2003) (68)
- Mode-Locking and the Transition to Chaos in Dissipative Systems (1985) (67)
- Surface reconstruction: A physical realization of two-dimensional Ising and XY-models (1979) (57)
- A deterministic critical forest fire model (1990) (57)
- Theory of Metal-Insulator Transition in Peierls Systems with Nearly Half-Filled Bands (1981) (56)
- The Discovery of Self-Organized Criticality (1996) (55)
- Magnetization, magnetocrystalline anisotropy and the crystalline electric field in (rare earth) Al2 compounds (1974) (51)
- Phase diagrams of surface structures from Bethe-ansatz solutions of the quantum sine-Gordon model (1983) (51)
- ''Triple-q'' modulated magnetic structure and critical behavior of neodymium (1978) (51)
- Field Theory for a Model of Self-Organized Criticality (1994) (50)
- Neutral-ionic transitions in organic mixed-stack compounds (1983) (49)
- Fractals and Self-Organized Criticality (1994) (48)
- Icosahedral crystals from cuts in six-dimensional space (1986) (47)
- Self-organized criticality and punctuated equilibria (1997) (42)
- Self-similarity and fractal dimension of the devil's staircase in the one-dimensional Ising model (1983) (42)
- Magnetic excitations and magnetic ordering in praseodymium (1975) (42)
- Self-organized criticality: a holistic view of nature (1999) (38)
- First-order transitions and tricritical points in DyAl2: A realisation of the three-state Potts model (1978) (37)
- Coupling between phase solitons and strain near the commensurate-incommensurate transition (1978) (35)
- A physicist's sandbox (1989) (35)
- Self-organized criticality in layered, lacustrine sediments formed by landsliding (2002) (34)
- Phason instability in tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ) (1976) (32)
- Long-wavelength excitations in incommensurate intergrowth compounds with application to Hg/sub 3-delta/AsF/sub 6/ (1982) (30)
- Magnetic Properties of NdAl2 (1974) (30)
- Spin waves in triple-q--> structures. Application to USb (1981) (29)
- Fractional Charges and Frequency-Dependent Currents in Charge-Density-Wave Systems (1982) (29)
- Theory of order-disorder transitions in the graphite intercalation compounds C 8 Cs, C 8 Rb, and C 6 Li (1979) (28)
- Why Nature is complex (1993) (27)
- Josephson junctions and circle maps (1984) (26)
- Self-organized criticality in non-conservative models (1992) (25)
- Theory of paramagnetic singlet-doublet excitations in double-hexagonal close-packed praseodymium (1975) (23)
- Acoustic emission at the Stromboli volcano: scaling laws and seismic activity (2000) (22)
- Pinning and annealing of solitons in modulated systems (1984) (21)
- Analytical results on the periodically driven damped pendulum. Application to sliding charge-density waves and Josephson junctions (1984) (21)
- Comment on the Stress-Induced Tricritical Point in MnO (1976) (20)
- Intelligent systems in the context of surrounding environment. (2001) (19)
- Fluctuaton-induced first-order phase transitions studied by the Monte Carlo technique (1977) (19)
- Interaction between magnons and magnetic excitons in TbAl$sub 2$ (1973) (19)
- Spatial competition and price formation (2000) (19)
- Is the universe operating at a self-organized critical state? (1989) (18)
- Scale dependent dimension of luminous matter in the universe. (2000) (17)
- Modern Theory of Crystal Growth I (1983) (16)
- Phase transitions in two-dimensionally modulated systems (1979) (16)
- Crystal field parameters and phase transitions in ErSb (1975) (16)
- Gap amplification: Saturn's rings and 1d conductors in magnetic fields (1986) (16)
- Theory of quasi-one-dimensional conductors: Interaction between chains and impurity effects (1978) (16)
- Complexity and Criticality (1996) (15)
- Dispersion relations for magnetic excitons in NdAl2 (1974) (15)
- Stability of commensurate phases near the critical temperature: A renormalization-group calculation (1981) (14)
- Doing physics with microcomputers (1983) (13)
- Magnetic properties of Nd-group V compounds (1973) (13)
- Circle Maps, Mode-Locking and Chaos (1988) (13)
- Hydrodynamics of the incommensurate phases of smectics- E and Hg 3 − δ As F 6 (1983) (13)
- Symmetry of modulated phases in tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ): Four- and five-dimensional superspace groups (1978) (12)
- Critical behavior of random n ≥ 4 vector models studied by the renormalization-group technique in 4 − ε dimensions: Crossover from first-order to smeared transitions (1976) (12)
- Three-Dimensional Continuous Melting in Graphite Intercalation Compounds (1980) (12)
- Crossover from first-order to second-order phase transitions in a symmetry-breaking field: Monte Carlo, high-temperature series, and renormalization-group calculations (1979) (12)
- Catastrophes and Self‐Organized Criticality (1991) (12)
- Floating phase in the chiral Potts model. A Monte Carlo renormalization-group analysis (1983) (11)
- Order-disorder transitions in stage-2 graphite intercalation compounds (1981) (11)
- Destruction of "the devil's staircase" by quantum fluctuations (1980) (11)
- Two-dimensionally modulated magnetic structure of neodymium, commensurate-commensurate transitions in CeSb, and the devil's staircase (1979) (11)
- Pinning-free soliton lattices and bifurcation in a discrete double-well model: exact results (1983) (10)
- Fractal dynamics of earthquakes (1995) (10)
- Bifurcations and chaos in the phi4 theory on a lattice (1982) (10)
- The instability of long-period commensurate phases in the presence of quenched impurities (1985) (10)
- Scale Invariant Spatial and Temporal Fluctuations in Complex Systems (1988) (10)
- Mass extinctions vs. uniformitarianism in biological evolution (1995) (10)
- Solitons in Incommensurate Systems (1978) (9)
- Simulation of Self-organized Criticality (1990) (9)
- Fluctuation Scattering of Magnetic Excitations in a Nearly Critical Singlet-Ground-State System: Double-hcp Pr (1975) (9)
- Observation of an unusual magnetic phase transition in NdSn/sub 3/ (1980) (9)
- Self-organized critical system with no stationary attractor state. (2002) (9)
- Crystal fields in Er 0.02 Y 0.98 studied by neutron scattering (1974) (8)
- Solitons in the one-dimensional forest fire model. (2000) (8)
- Long-Range Correlations in the Fossil Record and the Fractal Nature of Macroevolution (1998) (8)
- First‐order transitions, symmetry, and the ε‐expansion (2008) (8)
- THE DYNAMICS OF FRACTALS (1995) (7)
- Luminous matter may arise from a turbulent plasma state of the early universe (2002) (7)
- Self-Organized Criticality and the Perception of Large Events (1991) (7)
- Erratum: Unified scaling law for earthquakes (Prodeedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States (February 19, 2002) 99:1 (2509-2513)) (2003) (7)
- Magnetic excitations in rare earth Al2 compounds (1975) (7)
- Are earthquakes, fractals, and 1/f noise self-organized critical phenomena (1989) (7)
- Solitons and phasons in the Ising model with competing interactions (1979) (6)
- Phase Transitions in Quasi One-Dimensional Metals (TTF-TCNQ and KCP) (1977) (6)
- Chapter 4 - Quasicrystallography (1988) (6)
- A self-organized critical model for evolution (1995) (5)
- Thermodynamics of Two-dimensional Soliton Systems (1986) (5)
- Theory of commensurate-incommensurate transitions and melting in freon (C F 4 ) adsorbed on graphite (1983) (5)
- Dynamics of Sand (1991) (5)
- Self-Organized Criticality and Fluctuations in Economics (4)
- Theory of phase transition in Hg 3-δ AsF 6 (1979) (4)
- Life laws (1998) (4)
- Effective Crystal Fields in the Rare Earth Pnictides | NIST (1977) (4)
- Self-organization of magnetic domain patterns (1992) (3)
- Self-organization in a simple brain model (1994) (3)
- Crystal field splittings of NdN (1975) (3)
- Universality and Fractal Dimension of Mode-Locking Structure in Systems with Competing Periodicities (1983) (2)
- Emergence of complex dissipative structures in the Bak-Chen-Tang forest fire model (2003) (2)
- Erratum: Fluctuation-induced first-order nuclear magnetic transition in solid 3 He (1981) (2)
- Effects of Incommensurate Potentials: Low-Dimensional Conductors in High Magnetic Fields (1987) (2)
- Phase transitions in charge-density-wave and mass-density-wave systems in two and three dimensions (1980) (2)
- Self-Organized Criticality in a Transient System (2000) (2)
- Forest fires and the structure of the universe (2002) (2)
- Self-organized criticality in astrophysics. (1993) (2)
- IS THE WORLD AT THE BORDER OF CHAOS? (1990) (2)
- Mode locking and chaos in sliding charge-density-wave systems (1985) (1)
- What causes the first-order magnetic transition in solid 3He? (1981) (1)
- Real Sandpiles and Landscape Formation (1996) (1)
- Evolution and Co-Evolution in a Rugged Fitness Landscape (1993) (1)
- Crystallography of icosahedral crystals (1986) (1)
- Icosahedral Incommensurate Crystals (1991) (1)
- The Sandpile Paradigm (1996) (1)
- Phase transitions and symmetry (1980) (1)
- ANNNI and the Devil (1987) (1)
- Earthquakes, Starquakes, and Solar Flares (1996) (1)
- Complexity and extremal dynamics (1994) (1)
- Principles of Phase Transitions in Two-dimensional Systems (1994) (1)
- Walls, dislocations and the phase diagram of freon adsorbed on graphite (1983) (1)
- Theory of singlet-doublet excitations in praseodymium (1975) (1)
- Symmetry and Topology of Icosahedral Crystals (1986) (1)
- Democratic reinforcement: learning via self-organization (1995) (1)
- Commensurability, Chaos, and the Devil′s Staircase (1984) (0)
- Physics on microcomputers (1984) (0)
- Quasicrystals from cuts in six dimensions (1989) (0)
- Mass Extinctions and Punctuated Equilibria in a Simple Model of Evolution (1996) (0)
- Charge Density Waves in ac + dc Electric Fields(THEORIES ON CDW NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, International Symposium on NONLINEAR TRANSPORT AND RELATED PHENOMENA IN INORGANIC QUASI ONE DIMENSIONAL CONDUCTORS) (1984) (0)
- Multifractals and 1f noise by Benoit B. Mandelbrot (2000) (0)
- Magnetic Field Induced Transitions in Organic Conductors and Gaps in the Rings of Saturn (1987) (0)
- Physical realisation of n ≥ 4 vector models☆ (1977) (0)
- Crystal fields in Er$sub 0$ $sub 02$Y$sub 0$ $sub 9$$sub 8$ studied by neutron scattering (1974) (0)
- The “Game of Life”: Complexity is Criticality (1996) (0)
- Mode-locking and the Transition to Chaos in Dissipative Systems (2005) (0)
- Complexity and Extrema 1 Dynamics (1994) (0)
- Publisher’s Note: Self-organized critical system with no stationary attractor state [Phys. Rev. E65, 036147 (2002)] (2002) (0)
- Extended Self-Similarity in the Forest-Fire Model (2003) (0)
- Symmetry, stability, and diffraction properties of icosahedral crystals (1985) (0)
- On Economics and Traffic Jams (1996) (0)
- Ising Models, Solitons, and the Devil’s Staircase (1981) (0)
- Magnetic properties of NdAl$sub 2$ (1974) (0)
- Colloquium Paper : Bak and Paczuski (2005) (0)
- THE COMPLETE DEVIL'S STAIRCASE AND UNIVERSALITY OF MODE LOCKING STRUCTURES IN DISCRETE MAPPINGS (1984) (0)
- Abstracts from the CECAM workshop on computer simulations of cellular automata (1989) (0)
- Is life a critical phenomenon (1989) (0)
- Is the world at the border of chaos (2008) (0)
- Complexity and Extrema1 Dynamics (1994) (0)
- Physical realisation of n greater than or equal to 4 vector models (1976) (0)
- Dynamics of a self-repelling random walker (1999) (0)
- Two-dimensionally-modulated, magnetic structure of neodymium metal (1979) (0)
- Melting and Solidification of Epitaxial Structures and Intergrowth Compounds (1983) (0)
- Magnetic excitations in rare earth A1$sub 2$ compounds (1974) (0)
- J un 2 00 0 Spatial competition and price formation (2000) (0)
- Optical wavelet transform. Paper P19 (1993) (0)
- A new approach to learning via self-organization (1997) (0)
- Ja n 19 97 Self-Organized Criticality and Punctuated Equilibria (2008) (0)
- Line shape of magnetic excitations in singlet-ground-state systems☆ (1977) (0)
- First-order transitions, symmetry, and the element of-expansion (1975) (0)
- Earthquake debate - Per Bak (1999) (0)
- Kenneth G. Wilson: Winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contribution to the theory of phase transitions (1983) (0)
- Theory of the Punctuated Equilibrium Model (1996) (0)
- Erratum: Fluctuation-induced first-order nuclear magnetic transition in solidHe3 (1982) (0)
- Is Life a Self-Organized Critical Phenomenon? (1996) (0)
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