Raymond A. Applegate

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#1383

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Raymond A. Applegate's Degrees

Doctorate Optometry University of California, Berkeley

Why Is Raymond A. Applegate Influential?

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According to Wikipedia, Raymond A. Applegate is an American optometrist and a co-founder of International Congress on Wavefront Sensing and Aberration-Free Refraction Correction. He is the Borish Chair in Optometry at the University of Houston.

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Raymond A. Applegate's Published Works

Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works

Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author

Published Works

Standards for reporting the optical aberrations of eyes. (2002) (770)
Accuracy and precision of objective refraction from wavefront aberrations. (2004) (524)
Comparison of corneal wavefront aberrations after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis. (1999) (392)
Interaction between aberrations to improve or reduce visual performance (2003) (371)
Metrics of optical quality derived from wave aberrations predict visual performance. (2004) (304)
A population study on changes in wave aberrations with accommodation. (2004) (268)
Are all aberrations equal? (2002) (266)
Corneal aberrations and visual performance after radial keratotomy. (1998) (251)
Corneal first surface optical aberrations and visual performance. (2000) (247)
Effect of pupillary dilation on corneal optical aberrations after photorefractive keratectomy. (1998) (238)
Visual Acuity as a Function of Zernike Mode and Level of Root Mean Square Error (2003) (230)
Changes in corneal wavefront aberrations with aging. (1999) (230)
Parametric representation of Stiles-Crawford functions: normal variation of peak location and directionality. (1993) (203)
Magnification and visual acuity in refractive surgery. (1993) (138)
Three-dimensional relationship between high-order root-mean-square wavefront error, pupil diameter, and aging. (2007) (120)
Refractive surgery, optical aberrations, and visual performance. (1997) (107)
Limits to vision: can we do better than nature? (2000) (102)
Metrics of Retinal Image Quality Predict Visual Performance in Eyes With 20/17 or Better Visual Acuity (2006) (100)
Measuring visual acuity--mesopic or photopic conditions, and high or low contrast letters? (2004) (98)
Effect of larger ablation zone and transition zone on corneal optical aberrations after photorefractive keratectomy. (2001) (97)
Optics of aberroscopy and super vision (2001) (92)
Report from the VSIA taskforce on standards for reporting optical aberrations of the eye. (2000) (90)
Customized corneal ablation : the quest for super vision (2001) (83)
Performance of Wavefront-Guided Soft Lenses in Three Keratoconus Subjects (2008) (75)
Standards for reporting the optical aberrations of eyes (2000) (67)
The Precision of Wavefront Refraction Compared to Subjective Refraction and Autorefraction (2007) (64)
Quantifying scatter in Shack-Hartmann images to evaluate nuclear cataract. (2004) (62)
Wavefront-Guided Scleral Lens Correction in Keratoconus (2014) (60)
The importance of pupil size in optical quality measurements following radial keratotomy. (1990) (60)
CHANGES IN THE CONTRAST SENSITIVITY FUNCTION INDUCED BY CONTACT LENS WEAR* (1975) (59)
Generation of third-order spherical and coma aberrations by use of radically symmetrical fourth-order lenses. (1998) (58)
Early color vision changes in age-related maculopathy. (1987) (58)
Uncorrected Wavefront Error and Visual Performance During RGP Wear in Keratoconus (2007) (56)
Glenn Fry Award Lecture 2002: Wavefront Sensing, Ideal Corrections, and Visual Performance (2004) (53)
Reference axis selection: subcommittee report of the OSA Working Group to establish standards for measurement and reporting of optical aberrations of the eye. (2000) (52)
On-eye performance of custom wavefront-guided soft contact lenses in a habitual soft lens-wearing keratoconic patient. (2007) (51)
Set Shot Shooting Performance and Visual Acuity in Basketball (1992) (50)
Making sense out of wavefront sensing. (2005) (50)
Importance of fixation, pupil center, and reference axis in ocular wavefront sensing, videokeratography, and retinal image quality (2009) (49)
Noninvasive measurement of corneal topography (1995) (48)
How accurately can videokeratographic systems measure surface elevation? (1995) (46)
Mathematical Model of a Placido Disk Keratometer and Its Implications for Recovery of Corneal Topography (1997) (46)
Retinal fixation point location in the foveal avascular zone. (1990) (46)
Change in visual acuity is highly correlated with change in six image quality metrics independent of wavefront error and/or pupil diameter. (2012) (45)
Wavefront customized visual corrections : the quest for super vision II (2004) (45)
Anterior corneal optical aberrations induced by photorefractive keratectomy for hyperopia. (2001) (44)
Corneal Aberrations Increase with the Magnitude of Radial Keratotomy Refractive Correction (1996) (42)
Induced movement of receptor alignment toward a new pupillary aperture. (1981) (42)
Psychophysical measurement of the size and shape of the human foveal avascular zone (1992) (38)
Comparison of Wavefront-guided and Best Conventional Scleral Lenses after Habituation in Eyes with Corneal Ectasia. (2019) (34)
Experimental verification of computational methods to calculate magnification in refractive surgery. (1995) (33)
Change in visual acuity is well correlated with change in image-quality metrics for both normal and keratoconic wavefront errors. (2013) (32)
Forward light scatter at one month after photorefractive keratectomy. (1995) (29)
Six just‐noticeable differences in retinal image quality in 1 line of visual acuity: Toward quantification of happy versus unhappy patients with 20/20 acuity (2011) (28)
Is an objective refraction optimised using the visual Strehl ratio better than a subjective refraction? (2017) (26)
Radial keratotomy increases the effects of disability glare: initial results. (1987) (24)
Schematic eye models for simulation of patient visual performance. (2001) (23)
Entoptic image quality of the retinal vasculature (1998) (23)
Optimizing wavefront-guided corrections for highly aberrated eyes in the presence of registration uncertainty. (2013) (21)
Impact of Zernike-fit error on simulated high- and low-contrast acuity in keratoconus: implications for using Zernike-based corrections. (2006) (20)
The importance of the phase transfer function to visual function and visual quality metrics. (2004) (19)
Entoptic evaluation of diabetic retinopathy. (1997) (19)
Contrast sensitivity and disability glare in the middle years. (1993) (18)
Acuities through annular and central pupils after radial keratotomy. (1991) (18)
A Comparison of Three Methods to Increase Scleral Contact Lens On-Eye Stability (2015) (17)
Normative best-corrected values of the visual image quality metric VSX as a function of age and pupil size. (2018) (17)
Disability Glare Increased by Hydrogel Lens Wear (1987) (17)
Modeling and predicting visual outcomes with VOL-3D. (2000) (16)
Entoptic foveal avascular zone measurement and diabetic retinopathy. (1999) (15)
Entoptic visualization of the retinal vasculature near fixation. (1990) (15)
Is amblyopia spatial frequency or retinal locus specific? (1985) (14)
Disability Glare and Hydrogel Lens Wear—Revisited (1989) (14)
Noise in wavefront error measurement from pupil center location uncertainty. (2010) (14)
Accuracy of the tomey topographic modeling system in measuring surface elevations of asymmetric objects. (1999) (13)
Polynomial Approximations of Corneal Surfaces And Corneal Curvature Topography (1992) (13)
Aberrometry: the past, present, and future of optometry. (2003) (12)
Template-Based Correction of High-Order Aberration in Keratoconus (2013) (12)
The crossed-cylinder aberroscope: an alternative method of calculation of the aberrations. (1996) (12)
Assessment of the accuracy of the crossed-cylinder aberroscope technique. (1998) (12)
A VSIA sponsered effort to develp methods and standards for the comparison of the wavefront aberration structure of the eye between devices and laboratories (1999) (10)
Area Under Log Contrast Sensitivity Function: A Concise Method Of Following Changes in Visual Performance (1997) (10)
Aberrometry: clinical and research applications. (2003) (9)
Orientation-specific long-term neural adaptation of the visual system in keratoconus (2020) (9)
Contributions of Optical and Non-Optical Blur to Variation in Visual Acuity (2011) (9)
Relationship between refractive error and visual acuity in the PERK study. (1987) (8)
The Impact of Misaligned Wavefront-guided Correction in a Scleral Lens for the Highly Aberrated Eye (2020) (8)
Combining optical and neural components in physiological visual image quality metrics as functions of luminance and age (2020) (8)
Optical aberrations in professional baseball players (2010) (8)
Controlled induction of spherical aberration with custom soft contact lenses (2009) (7)
Do Polymer Coatings Change the Aberrations of Conventional and Wavefront-guided Scleral Lenses? (2020) (7)
OPTICAL ABERRATIONS OF THE HUMAN CORNEA AS A FUNCTION OF AGE (1999) (6)
Predicting crystalline lens fall caused by accommodation from changes in wavefront error (2011) (6)
Why Preoperative Acuity Predicts Postoperative Acuity in Wavefront-Guided LASIK (2010) (6)
Registration Tolerance of a Custom Correction to Maintain Visual Acuity (2013) (6)
Optimizing Spectacle Prescriptions for Patients with Keratoconus (2017) (5)
Irregular astigmatism after photorefractive keratectomy. (1999) (5)
Dynamic Simulation of the Effect of Soft Toric Contact Lenses Movement on Retinal Image Quality (2008) (5)
Monochromatic Wavefront Aberrations in Myopia (1991) (5)
Influence of exposure time and pupil size on a Shack-Hartmann metric of forward scatter. (2005) (5)
ARE ALL ABERRATIONS EQUAL?: 1:20 -1:40 (2001) (5)
Modeling refractive correction strategies in keratoconus (2021) (5)
Detecting significant change in wavefront error: How long does it take? (2009) (4)
Wavefront refraction and correction. (2014) (4)
Non-invasive assessment of the visual system: introduction by the feature editors. (1989) (4)
Measurement and Correction of the Optical Aberrations of the Human Eye (1998) (4)
Total occlusion does not disrupt photoreceptor alignment. (1986) (4)
Factors Accounting for the 4-Year Change in Acuity in Patients Between 50 and 80 Years (2013) (3)
Modeling an individual eye's visual performance (1999) (3)
Changes In Log Visual Strehl Predicts Changes In Visual Acuity (2011) (3)
Alignment of a wavefront-guided scleral lens correction in the presence of a lens capsulotomy. (2020) (3)
Noninvasive assessment of the visual function: an introduction. (1987) (3)
Converting Wavefront Aberration to Metrics Predictive of Visual Performance (2003) (3)
Extracting wavefront error from Shack-Hartmann images using spatial demodulation. (2006) (3)
International Congress of Wavefront Sensing & Optimized Refractive Corrections (2004) (3)
Case Report: What Are We Doing for Our “20/20 Unhappy” Scleral Lens Patients? (2020) (3)
Avoiding penetrating keratoplasty in severe keratoconus using a wavefront-guided scleral lens (2021) (3)
Noninvasive assessment of the visual system features in Applied Optics: goals and history. (1988) (2)
Higher Order Optical Aberrations Predict Visual Acuity (2005) (2)
Pupil Center Location Uncertainty Is a Major Source of Instrument Noise in WFE Measurements (2009) (2)
Data quality and clinical decision‐making: do we trust machines blindly? (2009) (2)
Effects of Sildenafil Citrate on Optical Properties of the Eye (2002) (2)
Area Under the Log Contrast Sensitivity Function (Aulcsf) in Radial Keratotomy (Rk): Gains And Losses (1998) (2)
Two new tests assist in the diagnosis of a small calibre vein occlusion (1997) (2)
Assessing the visual image quality provided by refractive corrections during keratoconus progression (2021) (2)
Normal Variation in the Stiles-Crawford Function Peak Location (1987) (2)
The crossed‐cylinder aberroscope: an alternative method of calculation of the aberrations (1996) (2)
Appendix A: Optical Society of America's Standards for Reporting Optical Aberrations (2005) (1)
Contact Lens Surface Damage Related to Cases and Case Removal Techniques* (1976) (1)
Disability Glare in Radial Keratotomy (1986) (1)
Determination of the Eye’s Far-point from an Aberration Map (2003) (1)
The Influence of Pupil Size on Visual Image Quality and Optimal Refraction during Simulated Spectacle Wear in Keratoconus (2018) (1)
Clinical applications of personalising the neural components of visual image quality metrics for individual eyes (2022) (1)
Optical and Clinical Issues in the Measurement of Corneal Topography (1992) (1)
Optical aberrations of the eye following radial keratotomy (1990) (1)
Accounting for both lower and higher order aberration in objective refraction to improve image and visual quality (2013) (1)
Proceedings of the 1st International Congress on Wavefront Sensing and Aberration-free Refractive Correction (2000) (1)
Noninvasive assessment of the visual system: introduction by the feature editors. (1989) (1)
Evaluating Objective Refraction Optimized with the Visual Strehl Image Quality Metric (2016) (1)
Transient visual anomalies associated with drug treatment for spastic colon. (1986) (1)
Clincal Version of the Vascular Entoptoscope (1996) (1)
Using Shack–Hartmann Images to Evaluate Nuclear Cataract II (2003) (1)
Feature Issue on Corneal Topography (1997) (1)
Visual Impact as a Function of Zernike Mode and RMS Error (2002) (1)
Comparing Visual Image Quality with Objectively and Subjectively Derived Spectacle Corrections in Subjects with Keratoconus (2014) (1)
Influence of rigid lens decentration and rotation on visual image quality in normal and keratoconic eyes (2022) (1)
Measuring visual acuity – high or low luminance, and high or low contrast? (2004) (1)
What is the smallest change in visual acuity that is correlated with a change in image quality (2013) (1)
Visual Acuity and Pupil Size in Maxwellian and Free View Systems With and Without Refractive Error (1992) (0)
Simulated Performance of Scalable Corrections of Higher Order Aberration in Keratoconus (2012) (0)
Optical quality metrics of backscatter, foward scatter and wave aberration account for over 50% of the variance in low luminance high contrast visual acuity in cataract patients with nuclear opalescence (2004) (0)
Normal Variation in the Stiles-Crawford Effect Peak Location and Rho value* (1993) (0)
TOTAL REFRACTIVE MAPPING FOR CUSTOMIZED CORNEAL ABLATION (1998) (0)
Changes in the optical quality of the normal eye with age (2012) (0)
Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress of Wavefront Sensing and Aberration-free Refractive Correction: Introduction (2002) (0)
APPLYING MEASURED LEVELS OF RIGID LENS HORMS REDUCTION TO A LARGE, SIMULATED SAMPLE OF KERATOCONIC WAVEFRONT ERRORS (2017) (0)
Contrast-increment thresholds are related to variability in the apparent contrast function (1988) (0)
BRIEF REPORT: Topical Meeting on Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System (1989) (0)
Apodization, Point Spread Variance, and Wave Front Variance (1996) (0)
Glare Susceptibility as a Function of Age: Initial Results (1990) (0)
Nonivasive assessment of the visual system (1993) (0)
Accuracy of Lathe-Based Manufacture of Wavefront Guided Surfaces (2008) (0)
Performance of Spherical and Wavefront-Guided Scleral Lenses in Keratoconus (2017) (0)
Where is the far-point in aberrated eyes? (2002) (0)
On the Generation of Spherical Aberration and Coma of Variable Magnitude (1998) (0)
Towards better visual image quality metrics for real world conditions (2019) (0)
Relative Contributions of Pupil Size, Age, Nuclear Opalescence and Nuclear Color to High Order RMS Wavefront Error (2006) (0)
Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of Wavefront Sensing & Optimized Refractive Corrections: Introduction (2004) (0)
Introduction to the proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Wavefront Sensing and Optimized Refractive Corrections (2005) (0)
One–and–a–Half–Pass versus One–Pass in Shack–Hartmann Wavefront Sensing – Are They the Same? (2006) (0)
Can aberrometry provide rapid and reliable measures of subjective depth of focus following multifocal intraocular lens implantation (2015) (0)
VISUAL ACUITY AS A FUNCTION OF TWO COMBINED ZERNIKE MODES AND RMS ERROR.: 3:45 - 4:00 (2002) (0)
Performance of Conventional and Wavefront-Guided Scleral Lens Corrections for Highly Aberrated Eyes after Adaptation (2018) (0)
Change in Retinal Image Quality for Physiologic Pupil Diameters Does Not Account for the Loss of logMAR Acuity With Age (2008) (0)
Noninvasive assessment of the visual system and ophthalmic and visual optics: an introduction to the joint vision features. (1992) (0)
Change In logMAR Acuity Is Highly Correlated With Change In Certain Image Quality Metrics In Both Normal And Keratoconic Eyes (2012) (0)
Optimizing scleral lens prescriptions in highly aberrated eyes (2017) (0)
Visual Performance and Residual Aberration in Keratoconus Subjects Wearing Custom Scleral Contact Lenses (2013) (0)
Modeling scleral contact lens stabilization to assess efficacy of full magnitude 2nd to 5th radial order wavefront guided corrections in keratoconus (2014) (0)
TOPICAL MEETING ON NONINVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF VISUAL FUNCTION FINAL REPORT (1985) (0)
Models of Human Cataract Validate Shack–Hartmann Nuclear Cataract Assessment (2005) (0)
Development of a Shack - Hartmann Wavefront Sensor for a Study of Keratoconus (2003) (0)
Optical Limits to Visual Performance (1991) (0)
Optical quality metrics predictive of visual acuity for the design of wavefront guided corrections in the presence of dynamic registration uncertainty (2013) (0)
Optical Discontinuity Between Central and Peripheral Corneal Optics Following Radial Keratotomy (1990) (0)
Adverse Consequences of Altering the Farnsworth‐Munsell 100‐Hue Test (1985) (0)
Estimating Crystalline Lens Decentration as a Function of Accommodation From Measured Changes in WFE (2010) (0)
MAGNIFICATION IN REFRACTIVE SURGERY: EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION: 2:00 pm (CL-354) (1994) (0)
Corrections in highly aberrated eyes (2017) (0)
Guest editorial - Wavefront refraction and correction (2014) (0)
Introduction to the proceedings of the 9th International Congress of Wavefront and Presbyopic Refractive Corrections. (2008) (0)
Introduction to the Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Wavefront and Presbyopic Refractive Corrections (Lens, Refractive & Wavefront Summit ARI/WFC 2009). (2010) (0)
Simulation of Adaptive Algorithm to Predict LASIK Postoperative Wavefront Aberrations (2002) (0)
Predicting Depth of Focus With Image Quality Metrics (2009) (0)
Retinal Image Quality Metrics Predict Visual Performance in Keratoconus Subjects Wearing RGP Lenses (2006) (0)
Interpreting the Stiles-Crawford Effect in Patients with Cataracts (1985) (0)
Measuring visual performance as a function of pupil size in clinical populations (1992) (0)
Preoperative Factors Predict Postoperative Changes in Visual Acuity for Myopic Laser Refractive Surgery Patients (2009) (0)
Is the Fit Error Associated With the Zernike Polynomial Visually Important in Keratoconus (2005) (0)
Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent Used To Optimize Retinal Image Quality For Highly Aberrated Eyes Given Uncertainty Of The Wavefront Guided Correction Alignment (2012) (0)
Is the fit error associated with the Zernike polynomial in keratoconus visually important (2004) (0)
Optimizing spectacle correction for keratoconus patients with the visual quality metric VSX (2013) (0)
Prediction of visual acuity with combinations of wavefront aberration metrics (2004) (0)
Stability Of Wavefront Error After Blink In LASIK Patients (2006) (0)
The Role of Corneal Spherical Aberration in Pseudo-Accommodation After Hyperopic LASIK (2002) (0)
Errors in Reflection Ring Corneal Topography Measurements Due to Skew Ray Surfaces (2008) (0)
Wavefront-Guided Contact Lens Corrections – Increasing Choice for the Individual with Keratoconus (2018) (0)
Multiple Resolution Target for Resolving Double Reflections in Corneal Topography of Surfaces (2004) (0)
System and method for optimizing optical prescriptions clinics (2004) (0)
See 7-μm capillaries in your own eye (1990) (0)
How Many JNDs of Blur Before One Line of Best Corrected VA is Lost (2010) (0)
PSYCHOPHYSICS; MONOCULAR SPATIAL VISION (1984) (0)
Calculation of Spectacle Correction From the Modulation Transfer Function of Shack–Hartmann Aberrometry Images (2006) (0)
Dynamic Simulation of the Effect of Toric Soft Contact Lens Movement on Retinal Image Quality (2007) (0)
Case Report: When Two is Worse Than One: Stereo Imbalance in a Case of Wavefront-Guided Scleral Lenses. (2023) (0)
Is biomedical research a national priority? (1991) (0)
Normative values of the visual image quality metric VSX as a function of age and pupil size (2017) (0)

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