Richard Shiffrin | Academic Influence

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Richard Shiffrin

Psychology

#160

World Rank

#255

Historical Rank

#112

USA Rank

Cognitive Science

#13

World Rank

#13

Historical Rank

#7

USA Rank

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Psychology

Richard Shiffrin's Degrees

PhD Psychology Stanford University
Bachelors Psychology Columbia University

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Why Is Richard Shiffrin Influential?

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According to Wikipedia, Richard Shiffrin is an American psychologist, professor of cognitive science in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Indiana University, Bloomington. Shiffrin has contributed a number of theories of attention and memory to the field of psychology. He co-authored the Atkinson–Shiffrin model of memory in 1968 with Richard Atkinson, who was his academic adviser at the time. In 1977, he published a theory of attention with Walter Schneider. With Jeroen G.W. Raaijmakers in 1980, Shiffrin published the Search of Associative Memory model, which has served as the standard model of recall for cognitive psychologists well into the 2000s. He extended the SAM model with the Retrieving Effectively From Memory model in 1997 with Mark Steyvers.

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Richard Shiffrin's Published Works

Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works

Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author

Published Works

Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory. (1977) (7103)
Human Memory: A Proposed System and its Control Processes (1968) (6531)
Controlled and Automatic Human Information Processing: 1. Detection, Search, and Attention. (1977) (5210)
Controlled and automatic human information processing: I (1977) (3275)
Search of associative memory. (1981) (1628)
A retrieval model for both recognition and recall. (1984) (1566)
The control of short-term memory. (1971) (1157)
A model for recognition memory: REM—retrieving effectively from memory (1997) (940)
SAM: A theory of probabilistic search in associative memory. (1980) (452)
Episodic and lexical contributions to the repetition effect in word identification. (1983) (355)
List-strength effect: I. Data and discussion. (1990) (348)
Mapping knowledge domains (2004) (336)
A Survey of Model Evaluation Approaches With a Tutorial on Hierarchical Bayesian Methods (2008) (317)
Visual processing capacity and attentional control. (1972) (301)
Search and retrieval processes in long-term memory (1968) (293)
Altering object representations through category learning (2001) (286)
Automatic and controlled processing revisited. (1984) (249)
Building permanent memory codes: codification and repetition effects in word identification. (1985) (222)
List-strength effect: II. Theoretical mechanisms. (1990) (218)
Context effects produced by question orders reveal quantum nature of human judgments (2014) (210)
Seven plus or minus two: a commentary on capacity limitations. (1994) (197)
STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL PROCESSES IN LONG-TERM MEMORY (2005) (193)
Word Association Spaces for Predicting Semantic Similarity Effects in Episodic Memory. (2005) (176)
Rehearsal and storage of visual information. (1972) (174)
The "one-shot" hypothesis for context storage. (2005) (170)
Effects of category length and strength on familiarity in recognition. (1995) (156)
Retrieval processes in recognition and cued recall. (2001) (144)
Models for recall and recognition. (1992) (140)
Interference and the representation of events in memory. (1991) (131)
Perception and preference in short-term word priming. (2001) (125)
Discrete-slots models of visual working-memory response times. (2013) (116)
Forgetting: Trace Erosion or Retrieval Failure? (1970) (113)
Output interference in recognition memory (2011) (111)
Automatization and training in visual search. (1992) (110)
Short-term forgetting of item and order information. (1978) (109)
Model evaluation using grouped or individual data (2008) (106)
Self-correction in science at work (2015) (104)
Visual recognition in a theory of information processing. (1973) (101)
Context noise and item noise jointly determine recognition memory: a comment on Dennis and Humphreys (2001). (2004) (94)
An associative model of adaptive inference for learning word–referent mappings (2012) (88)
Feature frequency effects in recognition memory (2002) (88)
A model for evidence accumulation in the lexical decision task (2004) (87)
An ARC-REM model for accuracy and response time in recognition and recall. (2001) (84)
Retrieval strategies in recall of natural categories and categorized lists. (1986) (77)
Can attention be allocated to sensory modalities? (1974) (75)
A Bayesian model for implicit effects in perceptual identification. (2001) (75)
Uncovering mental representations with Markov chain Monte Carlo (2010) (74)
Turning up the noise or turning down the volume? On the nature of the impairment of episodic recognition memory by midazolam. (2004) (74)
Is Preregistration Worthwhile? (2019) (74)
Effects of list length on short-term memory (1967) (73)
12 – Memory Search1 (1970) (70)
Word repetitions in sentence recognition (1991) (69)
Cuing effects and associative information in recognition memory (1992) (67)
Information persistence in short-term memory. (1973) (65)
Drawing causal inference from Big Data (2016) (64)
Stereotype threat prevents perceptual learning (2010) (63)
The co-evolution of knowledge and event memory. (2013) (63)
Modeling memory and perception (2003) (62)
From learning processes to cognitive processes (1992) (61)
Perceptual Learning of Alphanumeric-Like Characters (1997) (60)
Termination of a visual search with large display size effects. (2004) (57)
On the degree of attention and capacity limitation in tactile processing (1973) (55)
Mathematical models for memory and learning (1965) (55)
Attending to forty-nine spatial positions at once. (1976) (55)
Mechanisms of source confusion and discounting in short-term priming: 1. Effects of prime duration and prime recognition (2002) (53)
A Dynamic Approach to Recognition Memory (2017) (53)
Overcoming the Negative Consequences of Interference From Recognition Memory Testing (2012) (52)
Semantic context effects and priming in word association (2003) (52)
Multiprocess models for memory with applications to a continuous presentation task (1967) (51)
Models of Memory (2002) (50)
Short-term memory: A brief commentary (1993) (50)
Nonword repetition priming in lexical decision reverses as a function of study task and speed stress. (2004) (49)
Categorization (Restructuring) and Automatization: Two Separable Factors (1985) (48)
Nonlinearities in the coding of intensity within the context of a temporal summation model. (1980) (48)
Automatic/Control Processing and Attention. (1982) (47)
Mechanisms of source confusion and discounting in short-term priming 2: effects of prime similarity and target duration. (2002) (47)
Putting Context in Context. (2007) (46)
Cognitive organization and coding of social structures. (1975) (46)
Bayesian Model Comparison Favors Quantum Over Standard Decision Theory Account of Dynamic Inconsistency (2015) (44)
Nonword Repetition in Lexical Decision: Support for two Opposing Processes (2004) (44)
Pairs do not suffer interference from other types of pairs or single items in associative recognition (2004) (43)
Reproducibility of research: Issues and proposed remedies (2018) (43)
List discrimination in associative recognition and implications for representation. (2005) (42)
Frequency and Contextual Diversity Effects in Cross-Situational Word Learning (2009) (41)
Scientific progress despite irreproducibility: A seeming paradox (2017) (40)
Verbal labeling, gradual decay, and sudden death in visual short-term memory (2015) (40)
Models that allow us to perceive the world more accurately also allow us to remember past events more accurately via differentiation (2017) (40)
Extending statistics of extremes to distributions varying in position and scale and the implications for race models (2002) (39)
A model of automatic attention attraction when mapping is partially consistent. (1988) (39)
Criterion Setting and the Dynamics of Recognition Memory (2011) (38)
Interactions between study task, study time, and the low-frequency hit rate advantage in recognition memory. (2004) (37)
Attention, automatism, and consciousness. (1997) (36)
Is Attention Shared Between the Ears? (1974) (33)
Confusion and compensation in visual perception: effects of spatiotemporal proximity and selective attention. (2005) (32)
Priming in a free association task as a function of association directionality (1999) (32)
An exemplar-familiarity model predicts short-term and long-term probe recognition across diverse forms of memory search. (2014) (32)
Actively Learning Object Names Across Ambiguous Situations (2013) (31)
Recognition of multiple-item probes (1987) (31)
Perspectives on Modeling in Cognitive Science (2010) (30)
Prime diagnosticity in short-term repetition priming: is primed evidence discounted, even when it reliably indicates the correct answer? (2008) (29)
The Rational Status of Quantum Cognition (2017) (28)
The SAM retrieval model: A retrospective and prospective (1992) (27)
50 years of research sparked by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) (2019) (27)
A Bootstrapping Model of Frequency and Context Effects in Word Learning (2017) (27)
Some speculations on storage and retrieval processes in long term memory (1968) (26)
TODAM and the list-strength and list-length effects: comment on Murdock and Kahana (1993a). (1993) (26)
Visual Free Recall (1973) (25)
Hypothesis Testing and Associative Learning in Cross-Situational Word Learning: Are They One and the Same? (2007) (25)
Gaussian Process Regression for Trajectory Analysis (2012) (25)
From learning theory to connectionist theory (1992) (24)
REM-II : A Model of the Developmental Co-Evolution of Episodic Memory and Semantic Knowledge (2006) (24)
The art of model development and testing (1997) (23)
Free recall of complex pictures and abstracts words (1981) (23)
Sources of interference in recognition testing. (2013) (23)
Order effects in recall. (1981) (19)
Efficiently measuring recognition performance with sparse data (2005) (19)
Familiarity and categorization processes in memory search (2014) (19)
An expectancy model for memory search (1974) (18)
Temporal Contiguity in Cross-Situational Statistical Learning (2009) (18)
Cross-situational word learning is better modeled by associations than hypotheses (2012) (18)
Consequences of Testing Memory (2014) (18)
MODELS FOR RECALL AND RECOGNITION (2006) (18)
MULTIPLE REINFORCEMENT EFFECTS IN SHORT-TERM MEMORY (1968) (17)
7. Processing visual information in an unattended location (1996) (15)
The Dilution Effect and Information Integration in Perceptual Decision Making (2015) (14)
1 – COMMENTARY ON “HUMAN MEMORY: A PROPOSED SYSTEM AND ITS CONTROL PROCESSES”1 (1977) (14)
The Potential of Quantum Probability for Modeling Cognitive Processes (2011) (14)
Cross-situational word learning is both implicit and strategic (2014) (13)
Cross-Situational Statistical Learning: Implicit or Intentional? (2010) (13)
Some two-process models for memory (1966) (12)
Simplicity Bias in the Estimation of Causal Functions (2009) (12)
Bayes Factors, Relations to Minimum Description Length, and Overlapping Model Classes (2016) (12)
Extending Bayesian induction (2016) (11)
Repetitions, Blank Trials, and the vonRestorff Effect in Free Recall Memory. (1970) (11)
High-level effects of masking on perceptual identification (2004) (11)
Isotopic Thermal Diffusion Factors for Helium and Neon at Low Temperatures (1963) (11)
Auditory registration without learning. (2003) (11)
Forward masking of diotic and dichotic clicks by noise. (1982) (10)
Inducing features from visual noise. (2007) (10)
Prior knowledge bootstraps cross-situational learning (2008) (10)
REMI and ROUSE: Quantitative Models for Long-Term and Short-Term Priming in Perceptual Identification (2003) (9)
1 Semantic Spaces based on Free Association that Predict Memory Performance (2000) (9)
Visual Search as a Combination of Automatic and Attentive Processes (2011) (9)
From Learning Theory to Connectionist Theory : Essays in Honor of William K. Estes, Volume I; From Learning Processes to Cognitive Processes, Volume II (2013) (9)
Human Information Processing: Vision, Memory, and Attention (2013) (8)
Model versus descriptions: Real differences and language differences (2003) (8)
Statistics in the Service of Science: Don’t Let the Tail Wag the Dog (2021) (7)
The Development of Automaticity in Short-Term Memory Search: Item-Response Learning and Category Learning (2017) (7)
Short-Term Store: The Basis for A Memory System (2018) (7)
Short-term recall of paired-associates as a function of the number of interpolated pairs (1966) (7)
The brain produces mind by modeling (2020) (7)
Visual noise reveals category representations (2006) (7)
Model Selection, Data Distributions, and Reproducibility (2016) (7)
Moments of transition-additive random variables defined on finite, regenerative random processes (1988) (7)
Probing the psychology of AI models. (2023) (6)
Salience, Perceptual Dimensions, and the Diversion of Attention. (2015) (6)
The dynamics of decision making when probabilities are vaguely specified (2014) (6)
Developing Semantic Knowledge through Cross-situational Word Learning (2014) (6)
Primes and flankers: Source confusions and discounting (2012) (6)
Forward masking of diotic and dichotic clicks by noise (1981) (5)
The Effects of Repeated Sequential Context on Recognition Memory (2013) (5)
Performance speed as a function of practice speed (1965) (5)
Understanding the Relationship Between Human Brain Structure and Function by Predicting the Structural Connectivity From Functional Connectivity (2020) (5)
Adaptive Constraints and Inference in Cross-Situational Word Learning (2010) (4)
REM II: A Bayesian model of the organization of the semantic and episodic memory systems (2006) (4)
Model evaluation and selection: Established methods and recent developments (2008) (4)
Commentary on Gronau and Wagenmakers (2018) (3)
Locally rational decision-making (2003) (3)
Can We Talk ? How the Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Emerged from Neurobiology and Psychology , 1980-2005 (2009) (3)
Short-Term Visual Priming Across Eye Movements (2010) (3)
The list-strength effect in recognition memory (1989) (3)
Adaptive Magnitude and Valence Biases in a Dynamic Memory Task (2011) (3)
Modeling Midazolam's Effect on the Hippocampus and Recognition Memory (2002) (3)
Retrieval failure or selective attention? (1971) (3)
What are the appropriate axioms of rationality for reasoning under uncertainty with resource-constrained systems? (2020) (2)
Item frequency in probe-recognition memory search: Converging evidence for a role of item-response learning (2018) (2)
Auditory registration without learning (2003) (2)
50 years of research sparked by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) (2019) (2)
REMI and ROUSE: Quantitative models for long-term priming in perceptual identification. (2003) (2)
Frank J. Restle: In memoriam. (1981) (2)
Incorporating Connotation of Meaning into Models of Semantic Representation: An Application in Text Corpus Analysis (2007) (2)
Recency judgments and list context (2004) (2)
A Bayesian model for the time course of lexical processing. (2001) (2)
Inferring attention through cursor trajectories (2018) (2)
Dynamic Perception of Well-Learned Perceptual Objects (2021) (2)
A Dynamic Approach to Secondary Processes in Associative Recognition (2015) (1)
Two case studies of very long-term retention (2021) (1)
Models for Recall and Recognition (Modellen voor Herinnering en Herkenning) (1991) (1)
Uncovering mental representations with Markov chain (2010) (1)
Dynamic Effects of Perceptual and Categorical Similarity on Recognition Memory (2012) (1)
Actively Learning Nouns Across Ambiguous Situations (2012) (1)
Vanishing the mirror effect: The influence of prior history & list composition on recognition memory (2017) (1)
Finding visual features: Using stochastic stimuli to discover internal representations (2006) (1)
ROUSE and the multinomial model : A priori versus a posteriori predictions (2000) (1)
Is it Reasonable to Study Decision-Making Quantitatively? (2021) (1)
Extraordinary claims, extraordinary evidence? A discussion (2021) (1)
On the Dynamics of Information Accumulation in Recognition (2013) (1)
Modeling the Effects of Induced Frequency (2006) (1)
Commentary on “Robust Modeling in Cognitive Science: Misunderstanding the Goal of Modeling” (2019) (1)
Tracking the Development of Automaticity in Memory Search with Human Electrophysiology (2018) (1)
Classification image weights can discriminate between prototype and exemplar category representations (2004) (1)
Two case studies of very long-term retention (2021) (0)
Extending Rationality (2019) (0)
Item frequency in probe-recognition memory search: Converging evidence for a role of item-response learning (2017) (0)
Active Cross-situational Learning (2011) (0)
Distinguishing the Recent Past from the Complicated Present in Recognition Memory (2015) (0)
STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL PROCESSES IN LONG-TERM MEMORY 1 (2005) (0)
The Conjunction Fallacy in Perceptual Decision Making (2010) (0)
Visual Free Recall Author ( s ) : (2008) (0)
Model Evaluation : R 306 1 Running head : Model Evaluation Model Evaluation using Grouped or Individual Data (2008) (0)
Does micro-variability make models more complex? a comparison between diffusive and linear evidence accumulation (2010) (0)
A Bayesian Metric for Network Similarity (2016) (0)
An associative model of adaptive inference for learning word–referent mappings (2012) (0)
HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND PSYCHOLOGICALMODELS (1997) (0)
Erratum to: Feature frequency effects in recognition memory (2005) (0)
Exploring Decision Rules and Sampling Dynamics in Recognition Memory (2012) (0)
Individual Differences in Explaining Noisy Data (2010) (0)
Information use in perceptual identification (2003) (0)
EIGHT Consequences of Testing Memory (2014) (0)
Forward masking of clicks with diotic and dichotic maskers (1980) (0)
Comparing Efficiencies in Estimating Centroids and Judging Numerosity (2016) (0)
Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning , Memory , and Cognition Sources of Interference in Recognition Testing (2013) (0)
Short-Term Word Priming Across Eye Movements (2010) (0)
Dilution Effects in Perceptual Information Integration (2013) (0)
Categorization and automatization: Two separable factors (1985) (0)
Stimulus Fluctuation (2020) (0)
Modeling short- and long-term memory contributions to recent event recognition. (2020) (0)
Choosing Between Uncertain Options: A Reprise to the Estes scanning model (2013) (0)
On the processing of unattended information: (536982012-532) (2013) (0)
William K. Estes (1919-2011). (2012) (0)
Duplicate Memories (2019) (0)
Ames Research Center Cognitive Assessment in Spaceflight Analogue Environments (2009) (0)
A Dynamic Model for Decision Making During Memory Retrieval (2015) (0)
HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MODELS (2010) (0)
Memory codes and episodes in models of word identification: a reply to Johnston, van Santen, and Hale. (1985) (0)
Dynamic Perception of Well-Learned Perceptual Objects (2021) (0)
Does Memory Activation Grow with List Strength and / or Length ? (2013) (0)
FREQUENCY EFFECT 1 Running head : FEATURE FREQUENCY EFFECT Feature Frequency Effects in Recognition Memory (2002) (0)
SARKAE - Modeling the Co-Evolution of Event Memory and Knowledge (2010) (0)
Linking Memory Models and Decision Models: Insights on Frequency and Speed/Accuracy Trade-off (2014) (0)
Verbal labeling, gradual decay, and sudden death in visual short-term memory (2014) (0)
Information Processing: Coding Processes in Human Memory . Proceedings of a workshop, Woods Hole, Mass., Aug. 1971. Arthur W. Melton and Edwin Martin, Eds. Winston, Washington, D.C., 1972 (distributor, Wiley, New York). xvi, 448 pp., illus. $12.95. Experimental Psychology Series. (1973) (0)
Models of Attention for Vibrotactile Stimuli (1973) (0)
Memory Storage (2020) (0)
Author ' s personal copy Output interference in recognition memory (2011) (0)
Perceptual inertia: spatial attention and warning foreperiod? (2000) (0)
Bayes Factors for Mixed Models: a Discussion (2023) (0)
A Dynamic Object Recognition Model for Decisions Made Over Dynamic Stimuli (2018) (0)
Similarity and Strategic Effects in Recognition Memory (2013) (0)
Computational, Neuroscientific, and Lifespan Perspectives on the Exploration-Exploitation Dilemma (2011) (0)
Chapter 2 Models of Memory (2002) (0)
Bayesian Modeling of Memory and Perception (2002) (0)
A Network Model for Multiple Choice: Accuracy and Response Times (2019) (0)
A Measure for Contextual Var iability and its Independent Effect on Recognition Memory (0)
Models of Information Integration in Perceptual Decision Making (2010) (0)
Attentional Control in Speech Perception (1973) (0)
Response : Retrieval Failure or Selective Attention? (1971) (0)
Item Learning vs. High-Level Categorization in Consistent-Mapping Memory Search (2016) (0)
Attentional control (1977) (0)
Primes and flankers: Source confusions and discounting (2012) (0)
AMemory Mechanism Based on Strongly Connected Neuron Network (2019) (0)
Word Association Spaces 1 Running Head : Word Association Spaces Semantic Spaces based on Free Association that Predict Memory Performance (2003) (0)
Commentary on Gronau and Wagenmakers (2018) (0)
Recent Developments in Global Matching Models of Episodic Memory Reviewed Work ( s ) : A Partial Review of Cognitive Modeling in Perception and Memory : A Festschrift for (2017) (0)
Popout Attention with two foils: linear dependence and dimensional interaction (2013) (0)
Sequential Sampling Models for Cognitive and Perceptual Decision Making (2014) (0)
Active Cross-situational Learning - eScholarship (2011) (0)

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