Roger Shepard | Academic Influence

Roger Shepard's AcademicInfluence.com Rankings

Roger Shepard

Psychology

#106

World Rank

#190

Historical Rank

#75

USA Rank

Psychophysics

#1

World Rank

#1

Historical Rank

#1

USA Rank

Cognitive Psychology

#25

World Rank

#26

Historical Rank

#14

USA Rank

psychology Degrees

Download Badge

Psychology

Roger Shepard's Degrees

Bachelors Psychology Stanford University

Similar Degrees You Can Earn

Best Online Bachelor's in Psychology 2025

Why Is Roger Shepard Influential?

(Suggest an Edit or Addition)

According to Wikipedia, Roger Newland Shepard was an American cognitive scientist and author of the "universal law of generalization" . He was considered a father of research on spatial relations. He studied mental rotation, and was an inventor of non-metric multidimensional scaling, a method for representing certain kinds of statistical data in a graphical form that can be comprehended by humans. The optical illusion called Shepard tables and the auditory illusion called Shepard tones are named for him.

(See a Problem?)

Roger Shepard's Published Works

Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works

Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author

Published Works

Mental Rotation of Three-Dimensional Objects (1971) (5544)
Toward a universal law of generalization for psychological science. (1987) (2342)
The analysis of proximities: Multidimensional scaling with an unknown distance function. II (1962) (2268)
Recognition memory for words, sentences, and pictures (1967) (1612)
The analysis of proximities: Multidimensional scaling with an unknown distance function. I. (1962) (1372)
Mental Images and Their Transformations (1982) (998)
Ecological constraints on internal representation: resonant kinematics of perceiving, imagining, thinking, and dreaming. (1984) (908)
CHRONOMETRIC STUDIES OF THE ROTATION OF MENTAL IMAGES (1973) (907)
Learning and memorization of classifications. (1961) (830)
Multidimensional Scaling, Tree-Fitting, and Clustering (1980) (744)
Circularity in Judgments of Relative Pitch (1964) (670)
Attention and the metric structure of the stimulus space. (1964) (657)
Second-order isomorphism of internal representations: Shapes of states ☆ (1970) (550)
The mental image. (1978) (519)
Multidimensional Scaling: Theory and Applications in the Behavioural Sciences (1974) (503)
Additive clustering: Representation of similarities as combinations of discrete overlapping properties. (1979) (496)
Stimulus and response generalization: A stochastic model relating generalization to distance in psychological space (1957) (474)
Representation of structure in similarity data: Problems and prospects (1974) (466)
Quantification of the hierarchy of tonal functions within a diatonic context. (1979) (376)
Metric structures in ordinal data (1966) (356)
Geometrical approximations to the structure of musical pitch. (1982) (334)
A chronometric study of mental paper folding (1972) (323)
Mental transformations in the identification of left and right hands. (1975) (313)
Mental rotation: effects of stimulus complexity and familiarity (1988) (303)
Upward direction, mental rotation, and discrimination of left and right turns in maps (1984) (279)
The time required to prepare for a rotated stimulus (1973) (277)
Perceptual-cognitive universals as reflections of the world. (2001) (273)
The internal representation of numbers (1975) (263)
Stimulus and response generalization: tests of a model relating generalization to distance in psychological space. (1958) (254)
Retention of information under conditions approaching a steady state. (1961) (240)
Transformational studies of the internal representation of three-dimensional objects. (1974) (235)
Psychological relations and psychophysical scales: On the status of “direct” psychophysical measurement ☆ (1981) (221)
Perceptual-cognitive universals as reflections of the world (1994) (204)
Functional representations common to visual perception and imagination. (1978) (178)
11 – Structural Representations of Musical Pitch (1982) (175)
Perceptual illusion of rotation of three-dimensional objects. (1976) (171)
Tonal Schemata in the Perception of Music in Bali and in the West (1984) (169)
The perceptual organization of colors: An adaptation to regularities of the terrestrial world? (1992) (168)
Stimulus and response generalization: deduction of the generalization gradient from a trace model. (1958) (164)
A nonmetric variety of linear factor analysis (1974) (154)
Visual functions of mental imagery (1986) (154)
Representation of Colors in the Blind, Color-Blind, and Normally Sighted (1992) (149)
Analysis of Proximities as a Technique for the Study of Information Processing in Man1 (1963) (147)
Stimulus generalization in the learning of classifications. (1963) (139)
Turning something over in the mind. (1984) (125)
Quantification of the Hierarchy of Tonal Functions Within a Diatonic Context (1979) (112)
Perceptual-cognitive explorations of a toroidal set of free-form stimuli (1973) (94)
Discrimination and generalization in identification and classification: Comment on Nosofsky. (1986) (94)
Mind sights: Original visual illusions, ambiguities, and other anomalies, with a commentary on the play of mind in perception and art (1990) (93)
Path-guided apparent motion. (1983) (91)
Integrality versus separability of stimulus dimensions: From an early convergence of evidence to a p (1991) (85)
Distribution of visual attention over space. (1983) (80)
TRANSFORMATIONS ON REPRESENTATIONS OF OBJECTS IN SPACE (1978) (77)
Shape, orientation, and apparent rotational motion. (1981) (75)
Toward a Universal Law of Generalization (1988) (71)
Comparison of cube rotations around axes inclined relative to the environment or to the cube. (1991) (56)
Auditory Illusions Demonstrating That Tones Are Assimilated to an Internalized Musical Scale (1984) (55)
Psychologically simple motions as geodesic paths. part I. Asymmetric objects (1990) (54)
Time—distance relations in shifting attention between locations on one’s body (1997) (51)
Forced-choice tests of recognition memory under steady-state conditions (1963) (51)
Constraints common to apparent motion in visual, tactile, and auditory space. (1997) (49)
Spatio-temporal probing of apparent rotational movement (1977) (44)
Time and distance in generalization and discrimination: Reply to Ennis (1988). (1988) (44)
Edward feigenbaum and julian feldman (Editors). Computers and thought. New York: McGraw‐Hill, 1963 (1964) (41)
Possible evolutionary basis for trichromacy (1990) (41)
Application of a trace model to the retention of information in a recognition task (1961) (39)
Monotone mapping of similarities into a general metric space (1974) (38)
Apparent motion between shapes differing in location and orientation: A window technique for estimating path curvature (1989) (37)
Learning and recall as organization and search (1966) (36)
How fully should connectionism be activated? Two sources of excitation and one of inhibition (1988) (33)
Cognitive psychology and music (1999) (32)
Multidimensional Scaling: Theory and Applications in the Behavioral Sciences, Volume 1. (1973) (31)
Tonal schemas: Evidence obtained by probing distorted musical scales (1987) (30)
Turning the "hard problem" upside-down and sideways (1996) (30)
Pitch perception and measurement (1999) (30)
How a cognitive psychologist came to seek universal laws (2004) (27)
Connectionist Implementation of a Theory of Generalization (1990) (25)
Representation of the orientations of shapes. (1985) (21)
Demonstrations of Circular Components of Pitch (1983) (20)
The Step to Rationality: The Efficacy of Thought Experiments in Science, Ethics, and Free Will (2008) (19)
Neural nets for generalization and classification: comment on Staddon and Reid (1990) (1990) (15)
Production of constrained associates and the informational uncertainty of the constraint. (1963) (14)
The genetic basis of human scientific knowledge. (1997) (14)
Toward a Universal Law of Generalization: Response (1988) (13)
Role of Generalization in Stimulus-Response Compatibility (1961) (13)
Maximum Entropy Inference and Stimulus Generalization (1996) (12)
Spatial factors in visual attention: a reply to Crassini. (1986) (9)
Stream segregation and ambiguity in audition (1999) (8)
One Cognitive Psychologist's Quest for the Structural Grounds of Music Cognition (2009) (8)
Meaningfulness in classification learning with pronounceable trigrams (1964) (7)
An objective criterion for apparent motion based on phase discrimination. (1993) (6)
What is an agent that it experiences P-consciousness? And what is P-consciousness that it moves an agent? (1995) (6)
Mental representation: Always delayed but not always ephemeral (1992) (6)
Immediate Recall of Numbers Containing a Familiar Prefix or Postfix (1965) (6)
Shepard's Response On the possibility of universal mental laws: A reply to my critics (2001) (5)
Pursuit-locked apparent motion (1984) (5)
"Idealized" figures in textbooks versus psychology as an empirical science. (1983) (3)
What in the world determines the structure of color space? (1992) (3)
Tonal structure and scales (1999) (3)
Carl Iver Hovland: June 12, 1912-April 16, 1961. (1998) (2)
The advent and continuing influence of mathematical learning theory: Comment on Estes and Burke. (1992) (2)
Objective-measure of apparent motion by phase discrimination (1988) (1)
A funny thing happened on the way to the formulation: How I came to frame mental laws in abstract spaces. (2003) (1)
Thought Experiments in Scientific Discovery: What Emergent Mental Capabilities Underlie Their Efficacy? (2006) (1)
Turning the hard problems upside down and sideways too (1996) (1)
The sound of music: the science of musical sound. (1984) (0)
Distinguished Scientific Contribution Awards for 1977 (1973) (0)
Erratum to Podgorny and Shepard. (1978) (0)
GEORGE ARMITAGE MILLER. 3 FEBRUARY 1920 - JULY 2012. (2014) (0)
George Armitage Miller (2014) (0)
Appendix C: Quantifying the Strength of the Canonical Views Eect Using the Cv Measure Appendix A: Error Rate Eects (1991) (0)
Chapter 3 TRANSFORMATIONS ON REPRESENTATIONS OF OBJECTS IN SPACE * (0)
Calibrating a Bubbly Universe (1987) (0)
Pitch perception (2011) (0)
A B Figure 9: Experiment 4: Novel Test Views. A, Error Rate in Session 1 vs. Misorientation (1992) (0)
Why Color Space is Structured As It Is (2010) (0)
Tornadoes: Puzzling Phenomena and Photographs (1967) (0)
Mental Paper Folding Task (2020) (0)
Tornadoes: Puzzling Phenomena and Photographs (1967) (0)
On the origin and function of the psychophysical transformation (1989) (0)
Response : Toward a Universal Law of Generalization (1988) (0)
Calibrating with Bubbles (1987) (0)
Thanks to our guest reviewers (1984) (0)

This paper list is powered by the following services:

Other Resources About Roger Shepard

en.wikipedia.org

What Schools Are Affiliated With Roger Shepard?

Roger Shepard is affiliated with the following schools:

Image Attributions

Image Source for Roger Shepard