Walter Munk | Academic Influence

Walter Munk's AcademicInfluence.com Rankings

Walter Munk

Earth Sciences

#22

World Rank

#83

Historical Rank

#8

USA Rank

Geophysics

#3

World Rank

#10

Historical Rank

#3

USA Rank

earth-sciences Degrees

Walter Munk

Biology

#380

World Rank

#685

Historical Rank

#225

USA Rank

Oceanography

#2

World Rank

#2

Historical Rank

#2

USA Rank

biology Degrees

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Earth Sciences
Biology

Walter Munk's Degrees

Bachelors Physics California Institute of Technology

Why Is Walter Munk Influential?

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According to Wikipedia, Walter Heinrich Munk was an American physical oceanographer. He was one of the first scientists to bring statistical methods to the analysis of oceanographic data. Munk worked on a wide range of topics, including surface waves, geophysical implications of variations in the Earth's rotation, tides, internal waves, deep-ocean drilling into the sea floor, acoustical measurements of ocean properties, sea level rise, and climate change. His work won awards including the National Medal of Science, the Kyoto Prize, and induction to the French Legion of Honour.

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Walter Munk's Published Works

Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works

Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author

Published Works

Measurement of the Roughness of the Sea Surface from Photographs of the Sun’s Glitter (1954) (2253)
Abyssal recipes II: energetics of tidal and wind mixing (1998) (1922)
The rotation of the earth (1960) (879)
Space-Time Scales of Internal Waves' A Progress Report (1975) (821)
ON THE WIND-DRIVEN OCEAN CIRCULATION (1950) (804)
Space-Time scales of internal waves (1972) (767)
Tidal spectroscopy and prediction (1966) (689)
Ocean acoustic tomography: a scheme for large scale monitoring (1979) (591)
Notes on a theory of the thermocline (1948) (542)
Wind, sea, and swell : Theory of relations for forecasting (1947) (398)
INTERNAL WAVES IN THE OCEAN (1979) (385)
Propagation of ocean swell across the Pacific (1966) (324)
Ocean Acoustic Tomograpthy: Notation (1995) (317)
THE SOLITARY WAVE THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION TO SURF PROBLEMS (1949) (304)
9 Internal Waves and Small-Scale Processes (2005) (285)
Spirals on the sea (2000) (275)
Astronomy-Geophysics. (Book Reviews: The Rotation of the Earth. A geophysical discussion) (1975) (256)
Note on the Dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (1951) (234)
Sound channel in an exponentially stratified ocean, with application to SOFAR (1974) (230)
Once again: once again—tidal friction (1997) (202)
Twentieth century sea level: An enigma (2002) (184)
Tides off‐shore: Transition from California coastal to deep‐sea waters‡ (1970) (183)
The Heard Island Feasibility Test (1992) (174)
Ocean Freshening, Sea Level Rising (2003) (164)
Adjustment of Bikini Atoll to ocean waves (1948) (159)
Comparative spectra of microseisms and swell (1963) (157)
A test of basin-scale acoustic thermometry using a large-aperture vertical array at 3250-km range in the eastern North Pacific Ocean (1999) (148)
Climate change and the integrity of science. (2010) (137)
Refraction of Ocean Waves: A Process Linking Underwater Topography to Beach Erosion (1947) (133)
Directional recording of swell from distant storms (2013) (121)
Oceanic mixing by breaking internal waves (1972) (114)
A demonstration of ocean acoustic tomography (1982) (114)
Spectra of low-frequency ocean waves (1959) (113)
Note on the Dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current1 (1951) (112)
Observing the ocean in the 1990s (1982) (110)
Origin and Generation of Waves (2010) (107)
Coherence and band structure of inertial motion in the sea (1968) (106)
Ocean acoustic tomography: Rays and modes (1983) (102)
Edge Waves on the Continental Shelf. (1956) (101)
Sound propagation through a fluctuating stratified ocean: Theory and observation (1976) (100)
Tales of the Venerable Honolulu Tide Gauge (2006) (98)
Wave directional spectra from synthetic aperture observations of radio scatter (1974) (97)
Long waves on the continental shelf: an experiment to separate trapped and leaky modes (1964) (96)
Comparisons of measured and predicted acoustic fluctuations for a 3250-km propagation experiment in the eastern North Pacific Ocean (1999) (94)
Global Ocean Warming: An Acoustic Measure? (1989) (94)
The prediction of longshore currents (1949) (92)
Tomographic Maps of the Ocean Mesoscale. Part 1: Pure Acoustics (1985) (88)
Multimegameter-range acoustic data obtained by bottom-mounted hydrophone arrays for measurement of ocean temperature (1999) (84)
Studies On The Interaction Of Laser Radiation With Art Artifacts (1974) (83)
An inconvenient sea truth: spread, steepness, and skewness of surface slopes. (2009) (81)
O Gravity Waves in the Atmosphere. (1954) (79)
Internal Wave Wakes of a Body Moving in a Stratified Fluid (1970) (72)
Ocean acoustic tomography from ships (1989) (67)
Once Again-Tidal Friction (1968) (67)
Wind stress on water: An hypothesis (1955) (66)
MODE Bottom Experiment (1975) (65)
Millennial Climate Variability: Is There a Tidal Connection? (2002) (63)
The Bakerian Lecture, 1986 Ships from space (1987) (63)
Wave intensity along a refracted ray (1952) (60)
Internal Wave Spectra in the Presence of Fine-Structure (1971) (60)
Ocean freshening, sea level rising, sea ice melting (2004) (59)
A decade of acoustic thermometry in the North Pacific Ocean (2009) (58)
Empirical and theoretical relations between wind, sea, and swell (1946) (57)
Internal Wave Spectra at the Buoyant and Inertial Frequencies (1980) (55)
State switched transducers: A new approach to high-power, low-frequency, underwater projectors (1998) (55)
ON THE GEOPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF IRREGULARITIES IN THE ROTATION OF THE EARTH (1952) (53)
Ocean climate change : Comparison of acoustic tomography, satellite altimetry, and modeling (1998) (52)
Atmospheric Excitation of the Earth's Wobble (1937) (52)
The direct construction of wave rays (1952) (52)
Tides In shallow water: Spectroscopy (1971) (47)
Australia-Bermuda Sound Transmission Experiment (1960) Revisited (1988) (47)
Multipurpose Acoustic Networks in the Integrated Arctic Ocean Observing System (2015) (46)
Pelagic tidal measurements: A suggested procedure for analysis (1969) (46)
Turning point filters: Analysis of sound propagation on a gyre-scale (2001) (45)
A global ocean acoustic observing network (2010) (43)
A review of recent results on ocean acoustic wave propagation in random media: basin scales (1999) (42)
Continentality and the gravitational field of the Earth (1960) (41)
Interpretation of multipath scintillations Eleuthera to Bermuda in terms of internal waves and tides (1976) (41)
The pole tide (1959) (39)
The age of the tide and the “Q” of the oceans (1971) (37)
Measurements of southern swell at Guadalupe Island (1957) (36)
Chapter 1 Oceanography before, and after, the advent of satellites (2000) (35)
Sea level and the rotation of the earth (1952) (35)
Searching for the Earth's free oscillations (1959) (33)
Wind, sea and swell : (1947) (33)
Up-down resolution in ocean acoustic tomography (1982) (32)
Ocean mixing studied near Hawaiian Ridge (2000) (32)
What do deep sea pressure fluctuations tell about short surface waves? (2008) (31)
Booms and Busts in the Deep (2010) (31)
Theoretical and empirical relations in forecasting breakers and surf (1946) (30)
Remote sensing of the ocean (1973) (30)
Internal waves in the Gulf of California (1940) (30)
Patching the long‐wave spectrum across the tides (1963) (28)
Diffusion in Bikini lagoon (1949) (28)
Variations in the Earth's Angular Velocity Resulting from Fluctuations in Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation (1950) (28)
The Heard Island papers: A contribution to global acoustics (1994) (27)
Tides and the Climate: Some Speculations (2007) (27)
Analysis of multipath acoustic field variability and coherence in the finale of broadband basin-scale transmissions in the North Pacific Ocean (2004) (27)
THE MOON, OF COURSE . . (1997) (27)
Directional recording of swell from distant storms (1963) (27)
Polar Wandering: A Marathon of Errors (1956) (26)
Horizontal Deflection of Acoustic Paths by Mesoscale Eddies (1980) (26)
Tracking Storms by Forerunners of Swell. (1947) (26)
Internal wave breaking and microstructure (The chicken and the egg) (1973) (26)
Three models of global ocean noise (1984) (26)
Long-period Waves Over California''s Continental Borderland, Part I., Background Spectra (1962) (25)
M 2 amphidrome in the northeast pacific (1971) (25)
The Long Term Impacts of Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Levels (1981) (24)
Propagation of sound through a spicy ocean, the SOFAR overture (2004) (24)
Tidal effects on long‐range sound transmission (1981) (23)
Horizontal refraction of acoustic signals retrieved from North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory billboard array data (2005) (23)
Statistics and vertical directionality of low-frequency ambient noise at the North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory site. (2005) (21)
Is the Cromwell current driven by equatorial Rossby waves? (1968) (20)
Biases and caustics in long-range acoustic tomography (1985) (19)
A note on mid-ocean internal tides (1967) (18)
High Frequency Radar Sea Return and the Phillips Saturation Constant (1969) (18)
Small tsunami waves reaching California from the Japanese earthquake of March 4, 1952 (1953) (17)
THE TOMOGRAPHY PROBLEM (1995) (17)
Spectra of low frequency ocean waves along the Argentine shelf (1961) (17)
Refraction of Sound by Islands and Seamounts (1991) (17)
Acoustic monitoring of ocean gyres (1986) (16)
Deep-sea tides: a program. (1967) (16)
The effect of winds and bodily tides on the annual variation in the length of day (1954) (16)
The Evolution of Physical Oceanography in the Last Hundred Years (2002) (16)
MODE:IGPP Measurements of Bottom Pressure and Temperature (1975) (16)
Bias in acoustic travel time through an ocean with adiabatic range-dependence (1987) (15)
Variation of the Earth’s Rotation in Historical Time (1966) (15)
THE EFFECT OF WINDS AND OCEAN CURRENTS ON THE ANNUAL VARIATION IN LATITUDE (1952) (15)
Smoothing and Persistence. (1960) (15)
An Instrument for Recording Ultra Low Frequency Ocean Waves (1948) (15)
Reply to ’’Comments on ’Sound propagation through a fluctuating stratified ocean: Theory and observation’ ’’ [John J. McCoy, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 60, 1216–1217 (1976) (1976) (14)
Scattering of Sound by Internal Wave Currents: The Relation to Vertical Momentum Flux (1981) (14)
SOME PROBLEMS IN OPTICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (2019) (14)
Modeled radar surface signature of deep ocean convection (1999) (13)
Increase in the period of waves traveling over large distances : with applications to tsunamis, swell, and seismic surface waves (1946) (13)
Acoustic Remote Sensing of Ocean Gyres (2005) (13)
The Circulation of the Oceans (1955) (13)
Gravity waves in the atmosphere (1955) (12)
Ocean Acoustic Tomography: From a Stormy Start to an Uncertain Future (2006) (11)
Long‐range acoustic transmission in the northwest Atlantic (1980) (11)
Scattering from the mixed layer base into the sound shadow (2006) (11)
The Effect of Winds and Tides on the Length of the Day (1951) (11)
Forecasting Ocean Waves (1951) (10)
Affairs of the Sea (1980) (9)
Spirals on the Sea: A Manifestation of Upper-Ocean Stirring (2001) (9)
Surface gravity waves and their acoustic signatures, 1-30 Hz, on the mid-Pacific sea floor. (2013) (9)
Limits on Coherent Processing Due to Internal Waves (1977) (9)
On the dynamics of neutrally bouyant capsules; an experimental drop in Lake Tahoe (1979) (8)
Notes on the Dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (1951) (8)
Glimpses of Oceanography in the Postwar Period (2008) (8)
Acoustic thermometry of ocean climate (1996) (8)
Deep-sea moorings in a tidal current (1988) (7)
Offshore recording of low‐frequency ocean waves (1958) (7)
Acoustic thermometry of ocean climate (ATOC) (1995) (7)
The sound of climate change (2011) (6)
Global Ocean Warming: Detection by Long-Path Acoustic Travel Times (1989) (6)
THE BASIN SCALE (1995) (6)
Slopes of the sea surface deduced from photographs of sun glitter (2007) (6)
Bringing Physical and Biological Observations into Harmony (1988) (6)
Interpretation of GPS Offsets from a Steady course (1992) (6)
Long-term Observations in Acoustics - the Ocean Acoustic Observatory Federation (2000) (6)
EPILOGUE. THE SCIENCE OF OCEAN ACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY (1995) (5)
Acoustic oceanography (1977) (5)
Bikini and nearby atolls, Marshall Islands; oceanography (physical) : Adjustment of Bikini atoll to ocean waves (1954) (4)
Acoustic remote sensing of large-scale temperature variability in the North Pacific Ocean (2003) (4)
Convection patterns in the atmosphere and ocean (1948) (4)
Ocean Waves as a Meteorological Tool (1951) (4)
Harald Ulrik Sverdrup (1888–1957) (1957) (4)
The Ocean "Bible": Reminiscences (1992) (4)
Acoustic remote sensing of large-scale temperature variability in the North Pacific Ocean (2004) (4)
A USER'S GUIDE TO BOMB. A SYSTEM OF PROGRAMS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES, (1964) (4)
A comparative study of mode arrivals at megameter ranges for 28 Hz, 75 Hz, and 84 Hz sources (2003) (4)
Harald U. Sverdrup and the War Years (2002) (4)
Growth Rhythms and the History of the Earth's Rotation and The Rotation of the Earth: A Geophysical Discussion (1976) (3)
EFFECT OF EARTH'S ROTATION UPON CONVECTION CELLS (1947) (3)
Note on period increase of waves (1949) (3)
The Sound of Oceans Warming (1993) (3)
Ocean Acoustic Tomography: Can It Work? (1978) (3)
DIFFERENTIAL DOPPLER AS A DIAGNOSTIC (1994) (3)
Ocean tides from Seasat-A (1974) (3)
Ocean Acoustic Tomograpthy: THE FORWARD PROBLEM: RANGE-INDEPENDENT (1995) (3)
Wind Sea behind a Cold Front and Deep Ocean Acoustics (2016) (3)
Wave Action on Structures (1949) (3)
Why is the earth a poor timekeeper? Comments on (1982) (2)
Barometric and water-surface waves produced by Mike shot (1953) (2)
Scattering into the shadow zone (2001) (2)
SEASAT III and IV (1984) (2)
Horizontal coherence of tracked arrivals in the North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory98 (NPAL98) (2006) (2)
An Oceanographic Time Capsule (1989) (2)
Acoustic thermometry of ocean climate. A description of the acoustic network (1996) (2)
THE INVERSE PROBLEM: DATA-ORIENTED (1995) (2)
Doppler‐inferred launch angles of global acoustic ray paths (1994) (2)
Visit to Tsingtao (1978) (2)
Evidence from the rotation of the earth (1955) (2)
Refraction of sound waves at polar latitude (1991) (2)
The Seasonal Budget of Water (2013) (2)
The Annual Pole Tide (1958) (2)
Sound transmission through a fluctuating ocean (1979) and ocean acoustic tomography (1995): An intertwined history. (2009) (2)
Sea Spectra and Radar Scattering (1972) (2)
Tribute to Roger Revelle and his contribution to studies of carbon dioxide and climate change. (1997) (1)
Ocean acoustic tomography: Fortieth anniversary, 1976–2016 (2016) (1)
Discussion of the analysis of latitudes observations (1961) (1)
Scattering of Sound by Internal Waves: The Role of Particle Velocities (1977) (1)
North Pacific basin heat content variability determined from long‐range acoustic transmissions (1996) (1)
Ocean acoustic thermometry and the seasonal cycle of temperature in the North Pacific Ocean (2006) (1)
A decade of acoustic thermometry in the North (2009) (1)
Thin-ice Arctic Acoustic Window (THAAW) (2014) (1)
It ' s the water that makes you drunk (2008) (1)
Ocean Acoustic Tomograpthy: CURRENTS (1995) (1)
Third Presentation of the James B. Macelwane Award, April 21, 1964 (1964) (1)
Let Roger Revelle Speak for Himself (1992) (1)
William Aaron Nierenberg (2001) (1)
Correction [to “‘Space-time scales of internal waves: a progress report’ by Christopher Garrett and Walter Munk”] (1975) (1)
Harald Ulrik Sverdup (1888–1957): celebrating the return of the Maud 75 years ago (2001) (1)
Internal Tidal Mixing (2019) (1)
STUDY OF EARTH NOISE ON LAND AND SEA BOTTOM (1967) (1)
Propagation of sound through a spicy ocean: A numerical experiment (2002) (1)
Exploring an under‐ice ocean cavity with sound. (2011) (1)
Orcutt receives Ewing Medal (1995) (1)
Monitoring the Ocean Acoustically: A Review and Strategy for the Future (2001) (1)
Acoustics 1993: Heard Island and beyond (1994) (1)
The SPICEX (Spice Experiment) component of the 2004 North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory (NPAL) experiment: An overview (2006) (1)
An engineering test of moving ship tomography in the Greenland Sea (1990) (0)
The experience with ocean acoustic tomography (2003) (0)
Turbulence in a stratified ocean (1972) (0)
Acoustic Monitoring of Global Ocean Variability (1993) (0)
Technical Progress Report on Contract N00014-69-A-0200-6039 (California Univ., La Jolla) (1973) (0)
High‐resolution ocean acoustic tomography (1987) (0)
Methods for exploring the large-scale ocean turbulence (1988) (0)
Dual Use Exploitation of Global Observing Systems (1998) (0)
Advanced Marine Technology: Benthic Array (1974) (0)
Remote acoustical sensing of ocean parameters (1976) (0)
Frank Snodgrass 1920-1985 (1990) (0)
STATISTICS OF THE SEA SURFACE DERIVED FROM SUN GLITTER (2019) (0)
Secretary of the Navy Professor of Oceanography (2013) (0)
Closing Remarks at Monterey (1989) (0)
Roger Revelle, Oceanographer, 1909–1991 (1991) (0)
Ocean Acoustic Tomograpthy: References (1995) (0)
North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory: Deep Water Acoustic Propagation in the Philippine Sea (2014) (0)
BENTHOS AND TIDES. (1969) (0)
Reducing Hazardous Waste Generation (2003) (0)
Advanced Ocean Engineering Laboratory Technical Progress Report (1973) (0)
Dispersion of acoustic modes over very long transmission paths. (1991) (0)
Twenty five happy years in ocean acoustics (2016) (0)
1999 Index IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering Vol. 24 (1999) (0)
Awards presented at the Spring Meeting: Third Presentation: Maurice Ewing Medal to Sir Edward Bullard by the American Geophysical Union and the U.S. Navy for his leadership in marine geophysics (1978) (0)
Generation of ripples by shear-flow instability (2012) (0)
An observing net for oceanic prediction (2008) (0)
On the acoustic forward problem for basin‐scale ocean acoustic tomography (1996) (0)
Acoustic thermometry of ocean climate: Comparison of acoustic, altimetric, and historical data (1998) (0)
Technical Progress Report. Advanced Ocean Engineering Laboratory (1971) (0)
North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory: Scripps Institution of Oceanography (2005) (0)
A Conversation with Walter Munk. (2019) (0)
Ocean signature of greenhouse warming. (1991) (0)
Variable Ocean Structure (1978) (0)
EFFECT OF INDUSTRIAL FUEL COMBUSTION ON THE $sup 14$C LEVEL OF ATMOSPHERIC CO . (1968) (0)
Thirtieth Award of the William Bowie Medal, April 8, 1968 (1968) (0)
On John Isaac's 1952 Measurements of Surface-Ship and Submarine Wakes (1992) (0)
Refraction of Acoustic Modes in Very Long-Range Transmissions (1991) (0)
AFF AIRS OF THE SEA (1980) (0)
ONR Honors Gordon Hamilton (1987) (0)
The Richard A. F. Penrose Lecture: The Perfect Storm1 (2013) (0)
Acoustic Remote Sensing (2013) (0)
Oceanic Tidal Mixing As a Contributor to Milankovitch-scale Climate Change (2004) (0)
Annual Report. Advanced Ocean Engineering Laboratory (1970) (0)
Potential Effects of Low Frequency Sounds on Distribution and Behavior of Marine Mammals (2000) (0)
Abyssal Recipes II: Behind the Scenes (2016) (0)
The precision of travel time in ATOC experiments (1996) (0)
Some aspects of Leonid Brekhovskikh’s influence on oceanographic acoustics (2006) (0)
Basin‐scale internal‐wave tomography using a large‐aperture vertical array (1998) (0)
THE INVERSE PROBLEM: MODEL-ORIENTED (1995) (0)
Ocean Acoustic Tomograpthy: OBSERVATIONAL METHODS (1995) (0)
Propagation of sound through a spicy ocean: Analysis (2002) (0)
Ocean Acoustic Tomography with Moving Sources and Receivers (1991) (0)
Frank Snodgrass 1920–1985 (1985) (0)
Ocean Acoustic Tomograpthy: A Personal Chronicle (1995) (0)
Ocean Acoustic Propagation Atlas (1995) (0)
SEASAT 3 and 4 (1984) (0)
Ocean science. Ocean freshening, sea level rising. (2003) (0)
Generation and Airborne Detection of Internal Waves from an Object Moving through a Stratified Ocean. Volume 2: Supporing Analyses (1969) (0)
The Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) (2003) (0)
1982 Bowie Medalist: Henry Stommel (1982) (0)
Acoustic-gravity waves, theory and application (2015) (0)
Abyssal monitoring of upper ocean processes (2004) (0)
Bathymetry from Space Bathymetry from Space (2003) (0)
Ocean Waves and Turbulence (1967) (0)
The Delayed Hot-Water Problem (1954) (0)
BOOK REVIEW | Sounds in the Sea: From Ocean Acoustics to Acoustical Oceanography (2006) (0)

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