William Kaye Estes | Academic Influence

William Kaye Estes's AcademicInfluence.com Rankings

William Kaye Estes

Psychology

#125

World Rank

#213

Historical Rank

#89

USA Rank

Cognitive Psychology

#27

World Rank

#28

Historical Rank

#15

USA Rank

psychology Degrees

Download Badge

Psychology

William Kaye Estes's Degrees

Bachelors Psychology University of Iowa

Similar Degrees You Can Earn

Best Online Bachelor's in Psychology 2025

Why Is William Kaye Estes Influential?

(Suggest an Edit or Addition)

According to Wikipedia, William Kaye Estes was an American psychologist. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Estes as the 77th most cited psychologist of the 20th century. In order to develop a statistical explanation for the learning phenomena, William Kaye Estes developed the Stimulus Sampling Theory in 1950 which suggested that a stimulus-response association is learned on a single trial; however, the learning process is continuous and consists of the accumulation of distinct stimulus-response pairings.

(See a Problem?)

William Kaye Estes's Published Works

Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works

Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author

Published Works

Some quantitative properties of anxiety (1941) (1334)
Toward a Statistical Theory of Learning. (1994) (579)
Classification and cognition (1994) (531)
Statistical theory of spontaneous recovery and regression. (1955) (513)
The problem of inference from curves based on group data. (1956) (391)
An experimental study of punishment. (1944) (373)
Array models for category learning (1986) (354)
The cognitive side of probability learning. (1976) (322)
Stimulus Sampling Theory (1967) (275)
Interactions of signal and background variables in visual processing (1972) (275)
Learning theory and the new "mental chemistry". (1960) (272)
Statistical theory of distributional phenomena in learning. (1955) (257)
Item and order information in short-term memory: Evidence for multilevel perturbation processes. (1981) (220)
Analysis of a verbal conditioning situation in terms of statistical learning theory (1954) (218)
Order and position in primary memory for letter strings (1977) (214)
Discriminative conditioning. I. A discriminative property of conditioned anticipation. (1943) (201)
Discriminative conditioning; effects of a Pavlovian conditioned stimulus upon a subsequently established operant response. (1948) (196)
A Detection Method and Probabilistic Models for Assessing Information Processing from Brief Visual Displays. (1964) (196)
Effects of recall tests on long-term retention of paired associates (1969) (193)
A theory of stimulus variability in learning. (1953) (189)
Learning Theory and Intelligence. (1974) (188)
Base-rate effects in category learning: a comparison of parallel network and memory storage-retrieval models. (1989) (183)
Serial position functions for letter identification at brief and extended exposure durations (1976) (168)
The Locus of Inferential and Perceptual Processes in Letter Identification. (1975) (166)
Processes of memory loss, recovery, and distortion. (1997) (162)
Learning theory and mental development (1970) (153)
Risks of drawing inferences about cognitive processes from model fits to individual versus average performance (2005) (151)
Visual detection in relation to display size and redundancy of critical elements I (1966) (147)
Studies in mathematical learning theory. (1960) (145)
Memory storage and retrieval processes in category learning. (1986) (143)
Reinforcement in human behavior. (1972) (128)
Modern learning theory (1957) (124)
Some targets for mathematical psychology (1975) (108)
All-or-none and conservation effects in the learning and retention of paired associates. (1960) (104)
Phonemic Coding and Rehearsal in Short-Term Memory for Letter Strings. (1973) (100)
Traps in the route to models of memory and decision (2002) (96)
Journals, Journals, Journals (1990) (96)
A component model for stimulus variables in discrimination learning (1957) (86)
Similarity-related channel interactions in visual processing. (1982) (81)
Of models and men. (1957) (79)
Reaction time in relation to display size and correctness of response in forced-choice visual signal detection (1966) (77)
Direct and indirect stimulus-frequency effects in recognition. (1997) (77)
Memory and conditioning. (1973) (77)
Interactions of stimulus attributes, base rates, and feedback in recognition. (1995) (74)
Independent variation of information storage and retrieval processes in paired-associate learning. (1967) (72)
COGNITIVE ARCHITECTURES FROM THE STANDPOINT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGIST (1991) (71)
Research and Theory on the Learning of Probabilities (1972) (71)
Memory for Temporal Information (1985) (70)
Redundancy of noise elements and signals in visual detection of letters (1974) (67)
On the communication of information by displays of standard errors and confidence intervals (1997) (63)
Theory of learning with constant, variable, or contingent probabilities of reinforcement (1957) (63)
CHAPTER 3 – Reinforcement in Human Learning1 (1969) (63)
From learning processes to cognitive processes (1992) (61)
Letter identification in relation to linguistic context and masking conditions (1973) (59)
Effects of spaces on report from tachistoscopically presented letter strings (1971) (57)
Probabilistic discrimination learning. (1957) (56)
Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes (Volume 4) : Attention and Memory (1977) (54)
Further evidence concerning scanning and sampling assumptions of visual detection models (1968) (52)
Toward a framework for combining connectionist and symbol-processing models☆ (1988) (52)
All-or-none processes in learning and retention. (1964) (45)
On types of item coding and sources of recall in short-term memory. (1991) (45)
Global and local control of choice behavior by cyclically varying outcome probabilities. (1984) (44)
PERCEPTUAL PROCESSING IN LETTER RECOGNITION AND READING (1978) (42)
Modern learning theory : a critical analysis of five examples (1954) (40)
Generalization of secondary reinforcement from the primary drive. (1949) (39)
Application of a statistical model to simple discrimination learning in human subjects. (1955) (39)
Probability Learning11Preparation of this review was supported in part by Contract Nonr 908(16) between the Office of Naval Research and Indiana University. Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose of the United States Government. (1964) (38)
Some Functions of Memory in Probability Learning and Choice Behavior1 (1976) (38)
New developments in statistical behavior theory: Differential tests of axioms for associative learning (1961) (36)
Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes (Volume 5) : Human Information Processing (1979) (33)
Rate of verbal conditioning in relation to stimulus variability. (1954) (33)
A study of motivating conditions necessary for secondary reinforcement. (1949) (32)
Significance Testing in Psychological Research: Some Persisting Issues (1997) (32)
FOUNDATIONS OF STATISTICAL LEARNING THEORY. II. THE STIMULUS SAMPLING MODEL (1959) (31)
Detection of single letters and letters in words with changing vs unchanging mask characters (1974) (30)
Discriminability and bias in the word-superiority effect (1987) (29)
On the processes underlying stimulus-familiarity effects in recognition of words and nonwords. (2002) (27)
Concepts, Categories, and Psychological Science (1993) (27)
Probability Learning and Sequence Learning (2014) (27)
Transfer of response in visual recognition situations as a function of frequency variables. (1966) (26)
A technique for assessing variability of perceptual span. (1965) (25)
Human Learning and Memory (1984) (25)
Detection and placement of redundant signal elements in tachistoscopic displays of letters (1971) (25)
From learning theory to connectionist theory (1992) (24)
Acquisition and transfer in pattern-vs.-component discrimination learning. (1961) (24)
Technique for Assessing Variability of Perceptual Span. (1965) (23)
Conditioning and behavior theory (1975) (23)
Models of Categorization and Category Learning (1993) (22)
Statistical models in behavioral research (1991) (19)
Judgments of relative frequency in relation to shifts of event frequencies: Evidence for a limited-capacity model. (1979) (19)
Effects of competing reactions on the conditioning curve for bar pressing. (1950) (18)
A descriptive approach to the dynamics of choice behavior (2007) (18)
Introduction to concepts and issues (1975) (18)
Analysis of variables influencing alternation after forced trials. (1955) (18)
Reward and information values of trail outcomes in paired-associate learning. (1965) (18)
Models of Learning, Memory, and Choice: Selected Papers (1982) (18)
Elements and patterns in diagnostic discrimination learning. (1972) (15)
Cognitive Processes that Resemble Perceptual Processes (2014) (15)
Markov learning models for multiperson interactions, by Patrick Suppes and Richard C. Atkinson, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 1960, 296 pp., $8.25 (1961) (13)
Intelligence and Learning (1981) (12)
Is human memory obsolete? (1980) (12)
Probability learning with ambiguity in the reinforcing stimulus. (1958) (12)
Approaches to human learning and motivation (1976) (11)
Levels of association theory. (1985) (11)
Some Quantitative Properties of Anxiety (with W. K. Estes). (1961) (11)
Learning Theory and Behavior Therapy (2014) (11)
Psychological Science: The First 5 Years (1994) (10)
Perceptual Learning and Attention (2014) (9)
A modified apparatus for the study of operant behavior in the rat. (1949) (9)
Transfer of verbal discriminations based on differential reward magnitudes. (1966) (8)
Linguistic functions in cognitive theory (1978) (8)
Predicting true patterns of cognitive performance from noisy data (2004) (7)
Human information processing (1978) (7)
Learning of two-choice, differential reward problems with informational constraints on payoff combinations (1968) (7)
Elementary Information Processes (2014) (6)
Successive acquisitions and extenctions of a jumping habit in relation to schedule of reinforcement. (1955) (6)
Application of a cognitive-distance model to learning in a simulated travel task. (1987) (6)
A visual form of the verbal summator (1940) (6)
FOUNDATIONS OF STATISTICAL LEARNING THEORY. I. THE LINEAR MODEL FOR SIMPLE LEARNING (1957) (6)
Acquisition of correct choices and value judgments in binary choice learning with differential rewards (1972) (6)
Attention and Memory (1976) (5)
Basic Methods of Psychological Science (2000) (5)
Electronic Publishing: A Scorecard and an Agenda (1990) (5)
The Bible is Out. (1981) (5)
Reaction time as a function of noncontingent reward magnitude (1968) (5)
Minnesota Studies in War Psychology: I. A Set of Miniature Scales for the Measurement of Attitudes Related to Morale (1944) (4)
Analysis of a verbal conditional situation in terms of statistical learning theory. (1954) (4)
Conditions of invariance and modifiability in simple reversal learning. (1957) (4)
Introduction: Principles of Psychology: 1890-1990 (1990) (4)
Learning as Adaptation (2014) (4)
Role of response availability in the effects of cued-recall tests on memory. (1979) (3)
Human Behavior in Mathematical Perspective (1975) (3)
Spontaneous recovery from extinction in maze-bright and maze-dull rats. (1942) (3)
Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. (2010) (2)
Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes (Volume 3) : Approaches to Human Learning and Motivation (2014) (2)
Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes (Volume 2) : Conditioning and Behavior Theory (2014) (2)
A descriptive aproach to the dynamics of choice behavior. (1961) (2)
Reaction time in relation to display size and correctness of response in forced-choice visual signal detection (1966) (1)
Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. (2015) (1)
Motivation and Reward in Human Learning: A Cognitive Approach (2014) (1)
Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. (2016) (1)
Theories of Discrimination Learning and Learning Set (2014) (1)
Reinforcement and Human Memory (2014) (1)
Cognitive Processes in Reinforcement and Choice (2013) (1)
Models of human memory and their implications for research on aging and psychopathology (1998) (1)
For the Convention Speaker: How to Present Visual Information (1993) (1)
Paired associate learning with differential rewards (1964) (1)
Mathematical Learning Theory, History of (2001) (1)
Methodology of Human Learning (2014) (1)
Biology of Learning in Humans (1984) (1)
Experimental Psychology: An Overview (2019) (1)
Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes (Volume 6) : Linguistic Functions in Cognitive Theory (1979) (1)
A Fifth of Koch: From Chipmunks to Bulldozers to What? (1965) (1)
Memorial Minute for B. F. Skinner (1994) (1)
From Stimulus-Sampling to Array-Similarity Theory (1994) (0)
Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes (Volume 1) : Introduction to Concepts and Issues (2014) (0)
Behavior Theory: Newtonian or Maxwellian? (1957) (0)
Learning theory goes experimental. (1956) (0)
Mathematics and Experiment--Which First? (1960) (0)
Introduction and basic concepts (1994) (0)
Schedules of Reinforcement . C. B. Ferster and B. F. Skinner. Appleton-Century- Crofts, New York, 1957. vii + 741 pp. $6.50. (1958) (0)
Mathematical Psychology, History of (2001) (0)
PSM volume 21 issue 2 Cover and Back matter (1991) (0)
Some reflections on the concept of secondary drive--a reply to Professor Mowrer. (1950) (0)
The Magic of Words Plus Numbers. (1969) (0)
The linear model for simple learning (1957) (0)
Models for category learning (1994) (0)
Extensions and new applications of the exemplar-similarity model (1994) (0)
Learning theory. (1962) (0)
How long is a memory, how fleeting a thought? (1995) (0)
Statistical Models in Behavioural Research (1993) (0)
Memorandum from William K. Estes to Joshua Lederberg (1978) (0)
Letter from William K. Estes to David R. Goddard (1979) (0)
Natures of Problem-Solving Abilities (2014) (0)
Categorization and recognition (1994) (0)
Categorization and memory processing (1994) (0)
SCOPF: OF IN rER EST NOT ICE (2007) (0)
General Information Registration & Reception (0)
New Series by Seasoned Psychologists. (1968) (0)
The Locus of Inferential and Perceptual Processes in Letter Identification. (1975) (0)
Memory--East and West. (1974) (0)
Some Reflections on the Role of the Choice Model in Theories of Categorization, Identification, and Learning (2019) (0)
Categorization, Perception, and Learning (2019) (0)
Categorization and cognition: reprise (1994) (0)
How to Present Visual Information: What Will We See in Chicago? (1993) (0)
Distinguished Scientific Contribution Awards for 1977 (1973) (0)
On the storage and retrieval of categorical information (1994) (0)
Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. (2017) (0)
Category structures and categorization (1994) (0)
VNS volume 6 issue 3 Cover and Back matter (1991) (0)
The What and Why of Psychological Measurement (2016) (0)

This paper list is powered by the following services:

Other Resources About William Kaye Estes

en.wikipedia.org

What Schools Are Affiliated With William Kaye Estes?

William Kaye Estes is affiliated with the following schools: