The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
Students and researchers now have a fast and reliable way to find influential thinkers from 24 disciplines and 300 sub-disciplines (and growing). If you want to find history’s most influential philsosophers, or the world’s most influential mathematicians currently, now you can.
We also provide custom rankings of people by discipline as well as interviews with influential academics who are currently active.
To use this tool, select the discipline (and optional subdiscipline) relevant to your research, and specify influential academics by history, world, or US. Even results that are counterintuitive are often enlightening (our algorithm always picks up a signal).
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List of the most influential people in Biology,
#17451
Yasuhiko Asahina
1881 - 1975 (94 years)
Yasuhiko Asahina was a Japanese chemist and lichenologist. Early life During his childhood, Asahina developed an interest in plants. In 1902, he enrolled in the School of Pharmacy at Tokyo Imperial University, from which he graduated in 1905. Asahina stayed at the university to research the chemical principles of Chinese traditional medicine under Junichiro Shimoyama. His first paper, on styracitol isolation from Styrax obassia, was published in 1907. In 1909, Asahina travelled to Zurich to study phytochemistry under Richard Willstätter. He continued his research on chlorophyll until 1912, when he moved to Berlin.
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Howard Wilbert Nowell
1872 - 1940 (68 years)
Howard Wilbert Nowell , was instructor in pathology at Boston University, and a pioneering cancer researcher. He had an early incorrect hypothesis for the cause of cancer, and an early treatment involving a serum derived from rabbits, that was touted as effective, but did not survive rigorous testing.
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Juan Rivera
1800 - Present (226 years)
Juan Maria Antonio Rivera was an 18th-century Spanish explorer who explored southwestern North America, including parts of the Southern Rocky Mountains. In 1765, at the request of Governor Tomás Vélez Cachupin of New Mexico, he led an expedition from Santa Fe northward through present-day Utah and Colorado, partly in search of silver but also to help thwart the expansion of European powers in the region. His expedition passed through regions inhabited by the Ute and Southern Paiute tribes. His expedition crossed the Animas River near present-day Durango, Colorado , which he may have named. Th...
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Richard Henderson
1734 - 1785 (51 years)
Richard Henderson was an American jurist, land speculator and politician who was best known for attempting to create the Transylvania Colony in frontier Kentucky. Henderson County and its seat Henderson, Kentucky are named for him. He also sold land to an early settlement that went on to become Nashville, Tennessee.
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Leonard Hill
1866 - 1952 (86 years)
Sir Leonard Erskine Hill FRS was a British physiologist. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1900 and was knighted in 1930. One of his sons was the epidemiologist and statistician Austin Bradford Hill. His father was George Birkbeck Hill, the famous scholar and commentator on the works of Samuel Johnson, who at the time of his birth was headmaster of Bruce Castle School.
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Frederic Schiller Lee
1859 - 1939 (80 years)
Frederic Schiller Lee was an American physiologist who spent most of his research career at Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons. Early life and education Lee was born on June 16, 1859, in Canton, New York, one of five children born to Reverend John Stebbins Lee and his wife Elmina. The elder Lee served as the first president of St. Lawrence University, from which Frederic received his bachelor's degree in 1878. Frederic Lee received his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University in 1885 under the supervision of H. Newell Martin.
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Harry M. Weaver
1909 - 1977 (68 years)
Harry M. Weaver was an American neuroscientist and researcher who made contributions to medical research in the fields of Multiple sclerosis, and was the Director of Research at the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis when the Polio vaccine was discovered and developed by Jonas Salk. Dr. Weaver also served as the Vice President for Research at the American Cancer Society, Vice President for Research and Development at the Schering Corporation, and as the Director of Research at the National Multiple Sclerosis Society.
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Anatole Félix Le Double
1848 - 1913 (65 years)
Félix Odoart Anatole Pierre Xavier Le Double was a French anatomist and physician. He studied and taught comparative anatomy and took a special interest in anthropology and differences in anatomy and took an evolutionary view on these variations.
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Hans Fitting
1877 - 1970 (93 years)
Johannes Theodor Gustav Ernst Fitting was a German plant physiologist. He was the son of law professor Heinrich Hermann Fitting. He studied natural sciences at the universities of Halle and Strasbourg, receiving his doctorate in 1900 as a student of Hermann zu Solms-Laubach. After graduation, he served as an assistant to Wilhelm Pfeffer at Leipzig, then worked under Hermann Vöchting at the University of Tübingen. In 1907/08 he took a study trip to Ceylon and Java, where he conducted extensive research of orchids at the botanical research center in Buitenzorg. After returning to Germany, he b...
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Sarah Hynes
1859 - 1938 (79 years)
Sarah Hynes was a Kingdom of Prussia-born, Australian botanist and teacher. Sarah Hynes was born on 30 September 1859 in Danzig, Prussia to William John Hynes , a master mariner and his wife Eliza Bell. Sarah was educated at Edinburgh Ladies' College, Upton House in St John's Wood, London, and at Chichester College in Sussex. She earned a botanical certificate from South Kensington Museum, Science and Art Department.
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Maria Isabel Hylton Scott
1889 - 1990 (101 years)
María Isabel Sofia Hylton Scott y Pacheco was an Argentine zoologist, malacologist and teacher. She is known as the first woman in Argentina who obtained a doctorate in Zoology. She described at least 1 family, 47 species and 4 subspecies of Mollusca.
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Johann Hieronymus Kniphof
1704 - 1763 (59 years)
Johann Hieronymus Kniphof was a German physician and botanist. He studied medicine at the Universities of Jena and Erfurt, becoming a professor of medicine at the latter institution in 1737. In 1745 he succeeded Andreas Elias Büchner as director of the library at Erfurt, two years later being named dean to the faculty of medicine. In 1761 he was chosen as university rector.
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Frederic Poole Gorham
1871 - 1933 (62 years)
Frederic Poole Gorham was an American bacteriologist and educator. Born in Providence, Rhode Island, the son of businessman Samuel Gorham and his wife Abby Harding Fish, he was educated in local schools before graduating from Providence High School in 1889 and matriculating to Brown University. After graduating in 1893, he became an instructor of Biology at Brown and was awarded his A.M. in 1894 upon examination, with special studies performed at Harvard. On June 24, 1897, he was married to Emma Mary Lapham in Burrillville, Rhode Island. Thereafter he became an assistant professor in 1899, then associate professor in 1901.
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Jacob Ellsworth Reighard
1861 - 1942 (81 years)
Jacob Ellsworth Reighard was an American zoologist. Reighard was born at Laporte, Indiana, after graduating from the University of Michigan in 1882, and then studied at Harvard and Freiburg. After six years as instructor and assistant in zoology, in 1892 he became a professor at the University of Michigan. He was in charge of the Michigan Fish Commission in 1890-94, and in 1898 was appointed director of the biological survey of the Great Lakes under the United States Fish Commission. He contributed to many technical journals, and in 1901 published, in collaboration with Herbert Spencer Jennin...
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Oskar Eberhard Ulbrich
1879 - 1952 (73 years)
Oskar Eberhard Ulbrich was a German botanist and mycologist. Ulbrich was born in Berlin. He studied natural sciences at the University of Berlin, where his instructors included Adolf Engler and Simon Schwendener . In 1926 he became a curator and professor at the Botanical Museum in Berlin, where in 1938 he was appointed director of the Hauptpilzstelle.
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John Gilchrist
1866 - 1926 (60 years)
John Dow Fisher Gilchrist was a Scottish ichthyologist, who established ichthyology as a scientific discipline in South Africa. He was instrumental in the development of marine biology in South Africa and of a scientifically based local fishing industry.
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John Carey
1797 - 1880 (83 years)
John Carey was a British botanist who studied in North America between 1830 and 1852. Carey was a "frequent guest and invaluable companion" to Asa Gray. Carey revised Gray's proofs of the first edition of the Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States, also contributing articles on Salix , Populus , and Carex . In his obituary, Gray described Carey as "a near and faithful friend, an accomplished botanist, a genial and warm-hearted and truly good man."
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T. J. Jenkin
1885 - 1965 (80 years)
Thomas James Jenkin was professor of agriculture at University College of Wales, Aberystwyth and director of the Welsh Plant Breeding Station from 1942 to 1950. Biography Thomas James Jenkin was born in 1885 in Maenclochog, Pembrokeshire, Wales. He was Agricultural Officer for Brecon and Radnorshire from 1914 to 1915 and advisor in agricultural botany at the University College of North Wales, Bangor from 1915 to 1920. In 1919 he was appointed by Sir George Stapledon as grass breeder at the newly formed Welsh Plant Breeding Station in Aberystwyth. He was an early pioneer of grass breeding and genetics and made some of the earliest advances in hybridisation of grass species.
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Albert M. Ten Eyck
1869 - 1958 (89 years)
Albert M. Ten Eyck was an American agricultural academic and a farmer. Biography Ten Eyck was born in Green County, Wisconsin in 1869. He graduated from what is now the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1892. In 1896, Albert Ten Eyck married Wilhelmina Carolina Maveus. One year after marriage, Albert Ten Eyck took a position as an assistant professor of Agriculture at the North Dakota Agricultural College.
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Joannes Antonides van der Linden
1609 - 1664 (55 years)
Johannes Antonides van der Linden was a Dutch physician, botanist, author and librarian. He was born on 13 January 1609 in Enkhuizen. Life Johannes Antonides van der Linden was the son of the physician Antonius Hendrikszoon van der Linden , and grandson of Heinrich Anton Nerdenus . He initially attended the Latin School in his hometown, where his father taught. At 10 years of age he moved to live with his uncle Hermann Antonides in Naarden, but returned to Enkhuizen two years later to a school run by Willem van Nieuwenhuizen. In 1625 he enrolled at the University of Leiden and completed init...
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Brian Kennedy
1945 - 1990 (45 years)
Brian Kennedy was an English journalist and LGBT rights activist who helped set up the London Lesbian and Gay Centre in 1985 and the Pink Singers in 1983. He was the editor of Kennedy's Gay Guide to London and a victim of the AIDS epidemic.
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Hugo Miehe
1875 - 1932 (57 years)
Hugo Robert Heinrich August Miehe was a German botanist. He studied botany at the universities of Göttingen, Munich and Bonn, and in 1903 qualified as a lecturer of botany at the University of Leipzig. From 1908 to 1916 he was an associate professor at Leipzig, during which time, he was involved in botanical research at Buitenzorg in Java , publishing "Javanische Studien" as a result. From 1916 to 1932 he was a professor of botany at the Agricultural University of Berlin, where he was also director of the Institute of Botany and Agriculture.
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Dmitry Pryanishnikov
1865 - 1948 (83 years)
Dmitry Nikolaevich Pryanishnikov was an agrochemist, biochemist and plant physiologist, founder of the Soviet scientific school in agronomic chemistry. Hero of Socialist Labor . Winner of Lenin Prize , Stalin Prize and .
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Cornelia Mitchell Downs
1892 - 1987 (95 years)
Cornelia "Cora" Mitchell Downs was an American microbiologist and journalist who completed extensive work in the areas of immunofluorescence and tularemia research. Downs was born and raised in Kansas City, Kansas to parents Lily Louis Campbell Downs and Henry Mitchell Downs. She remained at the University of Kansas for much of her educational, teaching, and research careers.
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Robert Alexander Robertson
1873 - 1935 (62 years)
Robert Alexander Robertson FLS FRSE was a Scottish botanist. He was president of the Edinburgh Botanical Society from 1915 to 1917. Life He was born in Rattray in Perthshire in 1873 and educated locally before going to the University of Edinburgh study botany, and graduating with an MA BSc in 1889.
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Caroline Thomas Rumbold
1877 - 1949 (72 years)
Caroline Thomas Rumbold was an American botanist. She specialized in forest pathology. Her researches focused on “fungus diseases of trees and blue stain of wood.” Biography Born on July 22, 1877, in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, Caroline Thomas Rumbold was the daughter of Thomas Frasier Rumbold and Charlotte E. Ledengerber. In 1901 she graduated from Smith College in Massachusetts. She got both the master's degree and the doctorate from the Washington University in St. Louis.
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Sven Axel Tullberg
1852 - 1886 (34 years)
Sven Axel Theodore Tullberg was a Swedish botanist, palaeontologist and geologist. The subgenus Svenax derived its name from a contraction of Sven Axel, the given names of Tullberg. Biography Tullberg was born at Landskrona in Skåne County, Sweden. Tullberg studied geology at Lund University from 1871 and became a professor in 1880. He worked as an assistant geologist from 1879 and as geologist and palaeontologist at the Geological Survey of Sweden from 1881. Initially, he focused on botanical subjects including the genus Ranunculus and published Öfversigt af de skandinaviska arterna af slägtet Ranunculus .
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Peter Lambert
1859 - 1939 (80 years)
Peter Lambert was a German rose breeder from Trier. Life Peter Lambert was born on 1 June 1859 in Trier, Kingdom of Prussia. He acquired a knowledge of roses working with his father Nicholas Lambert in the Lambert & Reiter nursery, later Lambert & Söhne . The brothers Johann and Nicholas had started the firm in 1869 with Jean Reiter, a nurseryman. Peter trained at a Prussian school of horticulture and gained experience working in nurseries in France and England. In 1891 he started his own nursery, eventually employing more than seventy workers.
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Jean-Louis Kralik
1813 - 1892 (79 years)
Jean-Louis Kralik was a French botanist. He worked as a professor in Strasbourg, and for a period of time was curator of Philip Barker Webb's herbarium. From 1855 to 1885 he was curator of Ernest Cosson's herbarium. As a botanical collector, he conducted extensive investigation of North African flora on expeditions to Algeria, Tunisia and Egypt.
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Karl von Korff
1867 - 1956 (89 years)
Karl von Korff was a German anatomist and histologist. From 1890 to 1895 he studied medicine at the universities of Freiburg, Berlin and Kiel, receiving his doctorate at Kiel in 1895 with the dissertation Beitrag zur Lehre vom Ulcus corneae serpens. In 1896/97 he served as a ship's physician for a Hamburg shipping company traveling to China and Japan, and afterwards worked as an assistant to Walther Flemming at the anatomical institute in Kiel. In 1902 he obtained his habilitation for anatomy, and in 1913 was named an associate professor at the University of Tübingen.
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Manfred Aschner
1901 - 1989 (88 years)
Manfred Aschner was an Israeli microbiologist and entomologist. Biography Aschner was born in Germany in 1901. He emigrated to Mandate Palestine in 1924 and joined in the efforts to eradicate malaria from the country.
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John M. Dorsey
1900 - 1978 (78 years)
John Morris Dorsey was an author and professor of psychiatry at Wayne State University. Born in Clinton, Iowa, Dorsey earned his M.D. from the University of Iowa in 1925. From 1930 to 1935 he taught in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. In 1935, Dorsey moved with his family to Vienna, Austria, to study under Sigmund Freud, a course of study which included psychoanalysis by Freud personally. In 1940 Dorsey accepted a position as psychiatrist and head of Mental Hygiene Services at Wayne University in Detroit. In 1946 he was appointed Chairman of Psychiatry.
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William Lorenz
1882 - 1958 (76 years)
William F. Lorenz was a Major in the United States Army Medical Corps during World War I. He was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal for his combat actions in France, and had previously served a tour of duty during the Spanish–American War in 1898. Lorenz was also a prominent faculty member at the University of Wisconsin Medical School in Madison, Wisconsin, in the department of Neuropsychiatry. He remained in the U.S. Army National Guard after his service in Europe, attaining the rank of Lieutenant Colonel .
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Vladimir Gulevich
1867 - 1933 (66 years)
Vladimir Sergeevich Gulevich was a Russian Empire and Soviet biochemist who first isolated carnitine from mammalian muscle. Biography Gulevich graduated in 1890 and received the degree of doctor of medicine in 1896 from the department of medicine of Moscow State University. From 1899 to 1900 he was a professor at the University of Kharkov. From 1900, he joined the Moscow State University where he was rector for a brief period of time in 1919. Vladimir Sergeevich Gulevich was elected member of Leopoldina in 1928. He was a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1929.
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Paul Gelting
1905 - 1964 (59 years)
Paul Emil Elliot Gelting was a Danish ecologist, botanist and lichenologist. He was associate professor at the University of Copenhagen and particularly active in Greenland. Gelting participated in the Three-year Expedition to East Greenland 1931-34 led by Lauge Koch and the expedition 1938–39 to Northeast Greenland led by Eigil Knuth. From 1946 to 1954, he headed the Arctic Station Qeqertarsuaq, which had been founded by Morten Pedersen Porsild.
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Mary Foster
1865 - 1960 (95 years)
Mary Louise Foster was an American biochemist, research chemist and educator. Education Mary Louise Foster was born on April 20, 1865, in Melrose, Massachusetts. Between the years of 1878–1883, she attended the Girls' Latin School in Boston, Massachusetts, and later went on to study Classics at Smith College from 1888 to 1891. After her graduation, Foster taught Chemistry and Physics at West Roxbury High School while enrolled at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston . In 1912, she received her master's degree from Smith, and two years later earned her PhD from the University of Chicago.
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Léon Fairmaire
1820 - 1906 (86 years)
Léon Marc Herminie Fairmaire was a French entomologist. As a specialist in Coleoptera, he assembled an immense collection comparable with that of Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean . This is in the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Fairmaire wrote 450 scientific papers and other publications relating to Coleoptera . He also worked on Hemiptera.
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Harriet George Barclay
1901 - 1990 (89 years)
Harriet George Barclay was an American botanist, plant ecologist, nature conservationist, and artist. Biography Barclay was a professor at the University of Tulsa. She later became Chair of the Botany Department in 1953.
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Henry Edwards
1827 - 1891 (64 years)
Henry Edwards , known as "Harry", was an English stage actor, writer and entomologist who gained fame in Australia, San Francisco and New York City for his theatre work. Edwards was drawn to the theatre early in life, and he appeared in amateur productions in London. After sailing to Australia, Edwards appeared professionally in Shakespearean plays and light comedies primarily in Melbourne and Sydney. Throughout his childhood in England and his acting career in Australia, he was greatly interested in collecting insects, and the National Museum of Victoria used the results of his Australian fie...
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Francis Lewis
1875 - 1955 (80 years)
Prof Francis John Lewis FRSE FRSC FLS was an English botanist. He was Professor of Botany at Alberta University and later at the University of Cairo. Life He was born in London in 1875. He studied Science at Liverpool University and specialised in Botany. He started working as a Demonstrator during Botany lectures in 1900 and began lecturing in Phytogeography in 1905. He gained an MSc in 1908 and a doctorate in 1912.
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John Mortimer
1656 - 1736 (80 years)
John Mortimer was an English merchant, and writer on agriculture, known for The whole Art of Husbandry, in the way of Managing and Improving of Land published in London in 1707. Biography John was born in 1656, the only son and heir of Mark Mortimer, grocer of London, by his wife Abigail Walmesley of Blackmore in Essex, who married 3rd October 1651 in the parish of St Anne and St Agnes, London. His father was born into a yeoman family of Bow, Devon, and had a brother Peter who also entered into a commercial profession. John Mortimer received a commercial education, and became a prosperous merchant on Tower Hill.
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David Miller
1890 - 1973 (83 years)
David Miller was a notable New Zealand entomologist, university lecturer and scientific administrator. He was born in Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland, on 21 February 1890. Scientific contributions Miller's career in entomology started at the Biological Laboratory in Levin, New Zealand, where he investigated the insect fauna of New Zealand flax for the New Zealand Department of Agriculture. Later, he worked with the Department of Health to study mosquitos. Miller's research was also fundamental to timber preservation, especially in controlling insect pests.
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Lambertus Johannes Toxopeus
1894 - 1951 (57 years)
Lambertus Johannes Toxopeus was a Java-born, Dutch university teacher, entomologist, lepidopterist and botanical collector. In 1921-1922 he participated in the Royal Dutch Geographical and Treub Society expedition to the western Maluku Islands. He gained his doctoral degree in 1930 at the University of Amsterdam and then returned to the island of Java. He mainly worked in Indonesia, then known as the Dutch East Indies, and specialised in the families Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae. In 1934 he collected in Sumatra. In 1938-1939 he participated in the Third Archbold Expedition to Dutch New Guinea....
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Igino Cocchi
1827 - 1913 (86 years)
Igino Cocchi was an Italian geologist and paleontologist who worked at the Museum of Natural History, Florence. Cicchi was born in Terrarossa, Val di Magra where and studied Latin and natural sciences, graduating from the University of Pisa. training under Giuseppe Meneghini, after which he travelled to England during which time he made contact with Charles Darwin. He founded the Alpine Club of Florence in 1867 and the first Italian geology journal Bollettino del Reale Comitato Geologico d’Italia.
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Ernest Dunlop
1893 - 1969 (76 years)
Ernest McMurchie Dunlop FRSE MC was a Scottish bacteriologist who also served with distinction in the First World War, winning the Military Cross. Life He was born in Glasgow on 15 November 1893 the son of Thomas Dunlop, a chemist in the Pollokshields district, and his wife Grace McFadyean. He attended Hutchesons' Grammar School and in 1910, aged 16, went to Glasgow University to study Medicine. He received distinctions in Anatomy and Physiology and also qualified in Gynaecology. In 1916 he won the Brunton Memorial Prize for Distinction in Medicine.
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Nikolai Krasilnikov
1896 - 1973 (77 years)
Nikolai Aleksandrovich Krasilnikov was a Soviet microbiologist, bacteriologist and soil scientist. Tribute Krasilnikovia cinnamomea is a bacterial genus named after him of the family Micromonosporaceae
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Teodor Odhner
1879 - 1928 (49 years)
Nils Johan Teodor Odhner was a Swedish zoologist. Odhner was born in Lund, Sweden. He was the son of the historian and archivist Clas Theodor Odhner and the father of the agronomist Clas-Erik Odhner.
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John Thomas Baldwin
1910 - 1974 (64 years)
John Thomas Baldwin Jr. was an American botanist. He specialized in cytogenetics of plants and in his early career studied the family Crassulaceae. In 1946 Baldwin was appointed professor at his alma mater, the College of William & Mary. He also worked for the US Department of Agriculture, accompanying their expeditions to Africa. During the 1947–48 US Economic Mission to Liberia Baldwin discovered that Strophanthus sarmentosus was a natural source of the steroid hormone cortisone and it was subsequently used for the manufacture of drugs. He planted an extensive collection of plants on the college campus, which later botanists claimed to be one of the most important in the country.
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George Alexander Louis Lebour
1847 - 1918 (71 years)
George Alexander Louis Lebour, MA, DSc, FGS was an English geologist. Lebour was educated at the Royal School of Mines and was then a staff member of the Geological Survey from 1873 to 1876. At the Durham College of Science, he was a lecturer in geological surveying from 1876 to 1879 and then succeeded David Page as professor of geology upon the latter's death in 1879. Lebour held this professorial chair until his own death in 1918.
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Hamilton Herbert Druce
1869 - 1922 (53 years)
Hamilton Herbert Charles James Druce was an English entomologist who specialised in Lycaenidae and to a lesser extent Hesperiidae. He is not to be confused with his father, the English entomologist Herbert Druce who also worked on Lepidoptera.
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