The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
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List of the most influential people in Biology,
#17651
Decio Vinciguerra
1856 - 1934 (78 years)
Decio Vinciguerra was an Italian physician and ichthyologist who for many years was Director of the Aquarium of Rome. Early years Decio Vinciguerra was born in Genoa on 23 May 1856. He studied at the University of Genoa, and in 1878 obtained a degree in Medicine and Surgery. Immediately after graduating he was appointed assistant to the Chair of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy in the University of Genoa. He was naturally attracted to zoology, which he studied further, obtaining a doctorate degree. He became a botanist and a zoologist with particular interest in ichthyology.
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Albrecht Thaer
1752 - 1828 (76 years)
Albrecht Daniel Thaer was a German agronomist and a supporter of the humus theory for plant nutrition. Biography Family and early life Albrecht Daniel Thaer was born in Celle, a neat little town in Hanover, on 14 May 1752. His father, Johann Friedrich Thaer, was physician to the Court, and born in Liebenwerda, in Saxony; his mother, Sophie Elisabeth, was the daughter of J. Saffe, receiver of rents and taxes of the district of Celle. Albert was the first born, and had three sisters, Christine, Albertine, and Wilhelmine, of which the first died in infancy, the second was married to Captain ...
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Wen-Pei Fang
1899 - 1983 (84 years)
Fang Wen-Pei , was a Chinese botanist, an expert on rhododendrons and on the Maple Family. He worked in the Institute of Botany, at the Chinese Academy of Sciences after graduating from Southeast University in Nanjing, China. Fang furthered his study at the University of Edinburgh in 1934 and received his PhD in 1937. In the same year, he returned to China and became a biology professor at Sichuan University until his death.
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Felix Jacob Marchand
1846 - 1928 (82 years)
Felix Jacob Marchand was a German pathologist born in Halle an der Saale. He studied medicine in Berlin, and later became an assistant at the pathological institute in Halle. In 1881 he became a professor of pathological anatomy in Giessen, and two years later garnered the same position at Marburg. In 1900 he succeeded pathologist Felix Victor Birch-Hirschfeld at the University of Leipzig.
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Nicolaus Kleinenberg
1842 - 1897 (55 years)
Nicolaus Kleinenberg was a Baltic German zoologist and evolutionary morphologist. He studied at the University of Jena under Ernst Haeckel, obtaining his doctorate for studies of embryo cleavage in Hydra. His later work Hydra - Eine anatomisch-entwicklungsgeschichtliche untersuchung, in English "An anatomical-evolutionary investigation of Hydra" is a classic, still quoted monograph which has implications for evolution theory.
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Thomas Moore
1821 - 1887 (66 years)
Thomas Moore was a British gardener and botanist. An expert on ferns and fern allies from the British Isles, he served as Curator of the Society of Apothecaries Garden from 1848 to 1887. In 1855 he authored The Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Lucien Berland
1888 - 1962 (74 years)
Lucien Berland was a French entomologist and arachnologist Partial list of publications 1925 : Faune de France. 10, Hyménoptères vespiformes, I, Sphegidae, Pompilidae, Scoliidae, Sapygidae, Mutillidae1927 : « Les Araignées ubiquistes, ou à large répartition, et leurs moyens de dissémination », Compte rendu sommaire des séances de la Société de biogéographie, 23 : 65–67.1929 : Faune de France. 19, Hyménoptères vespiformes, II, Eumenidae, Vespidae, Masaridae, Bethylidae, Dryinidae, Embolemidae 1929 : « Araignées recueillies par Madame Pruvot aux îles Loyalty », Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France, LIV : 387–399.1929 : avec Léon Bertin , La Faune de la France.
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Andrei Krasnov
1862 - 1914 (52 years)
Andrei Nikolaevich Krasnov was a Russian Empire botanist who explored the plants of Turkestan, Altai, Nizhny Novgorod, Tian Shan and the Caucasus regions. He was a professor at the University of Kharkov. His major contribution was in phytogeography, identifying combinations of species found in different regions and contributing to the study of global vegetation patterns and their links to the Köppen climate classification.
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Jesse More Greenman
1867 - 1951 (84 years)
Jesse More Greenman was an American botanist. He specialized in tropical flora, with emphasis on plants from Mexico and Central America. He was an authority on the genus Senecio and noted for his work at the Missouri Botanical Garden.
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Carl Lange
1834 - 1900 (66 years)
Carl Georg Lange was a Danish physician who made contributions to the fields of neurology, psychiatry, and psychology. Born to a wealthy family in Vordingborg, Denmark, Lange attended medical school at the University of Copenhagen and graduated in 1859 with a reputation for brilliance. After publishing on the neurological pathologies of aphasia, bulbar palsy, tabes dorsalis, and pathologies of the spinal cord, he achieved world fame with his 1885 work "On Emotions: A Psycho-Physiological Study". In it, he posited that all emotions are developed from, and can be reduced to, physiological reactions to stimuli.
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Arnold Durig
1872 - 1961 (89 years)
Arnold Durig was an Austrian physiologist remembered for his investigations involving physiological and pathophysiological aspects of individuals exposed to high altitude conditions. He very probably served as the model for the "impartial person" in Sigmund Freud's polemic booklet "The Question of Lay Analysis" .
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Achille Guenée
1809 - 1880 (71 years)
Achille Guenée was a French lawyer and entomologist. Biography Achille Guenée was born in Chartres and died in Châteaudun. He was educated in Chartres, where he showed a very early interest in butterflies and was encouraged and taught by François de Villiers . He went to study law in Paris, then entered the “Bareau”. After the death of his only son, he lived at Châteaudun in Chatelliers. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, Châteaudun was burned by the Prussians but Guénée's collections remained intact.
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Teiso Esaki
1899 - 1957 (58 years)
was a Japanese entomologist. He authored numerous texts and was one of the founders of entomology in Japan, responsible for training a generation of Japanese entomologists, and founding the journal Zephyrus. He published numerous papers on the insects of Micronesia and was especially interested in aquatic insects and erected the family Helotrephidae along with W.E. China.
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Georg Wilhelm Franz Wenderoth
1774 - 1861 (87 years)
Georg Wilhelm Franz Wenderoth was a German pharmacist and botanist. Initially trained as a pharmacist, he was employed for a few years at the Rathsapotheke in Schweinfurt, where his free time was spent on botanical excursions in the vicinity of the city. From 1796 he studied medicine and natural sciences at the University of Marburg, obtaining his habilitation in pharmacology and botany in 1806. Afterwards, he taught classes in physics, chemistry and botany at Rinteln. In 1810 he returned to Marburg as a professor of botany, distinguishing himself with work done at the Alter Botanischer Garte...
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Evelyn M. Anderson
1899 - 1985 (86 years)
Evelyn M. Anderson was an American physiologist and biochemist, most known for her co-discovery of adrenocorticotropic hormone in 1934. Background Evelyn Anderson was born in Willmar, Minnesota, to Swedish immigrants parents. She attended Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota, where she obtained her bachelor's. In 1928, she gained her M.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, School of Medicine. During her time at Berkeley, her research culminated into two papers about vitamin A and nutrition. She continued on to receive her Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of Montreal in 1934.
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Joseph Gottfried Mikan
1743 - 1814 (71 years)
Joseph Gottfried Mikan was an Austrian-Czech botanist born in Böhmisch-Leipa . He was the father of zoologist Johann Christian Mikan . He was a student in Dresden, Prague and Vienna, and served as a spa physician in Teplice. In 1773 he became an associate professor, and two years later was appointed a full professor of botany and chemistry at the University of Prague. In 1798 he became rector of the university.
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Johan Petter Norrlin
1842 - 1917 (75 years)
Johan Petter Norrlin was a Finnish botanist and a professor of botany at the University of Helsinki from 1879 to 1903. He was a pioneer of plant geography in Finland, and is also well known for his work on lichens and on the taxonomy of the apomictic taxa of the plant genera Hieracium and Pilosella.
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Dora Jacobsohn
1908 - 1983 (75 years)
Dora Elisabeth Jacobsohn was a German-Swedish physiologist and endocrinologist. Considered one of the early pioneers of the field of neuroendocrinology, she is best known for her work with Geoffrey Harris showing that the anterior pituitary gland is controlled by the hypothalamus via the hypophyseal portal system.
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Maximilian Leidesdorf
1818 - 1889 (71 years)
Maximilian Leidesdorf was an Austrian psychiatrist born in Vienna. He was the son of the composer Maximilian Joseph Leidesdorf. In 1845 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Vienna, afterwards visiting asylums in Italy, Germany, England and France. In 1856 he received his habilitation in Vienna, where he practiced medicine for the remainder of his career. In 1872 he became head of the department of mental illness at Vienna General Hospital, followed by an appointment in 1875 as director of the Landesirrenanstalt . One of his famous assistants was Julius Wagner-Jauregg , win...
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Felix Eugen Fritsch
1879 - 1954 (75 years)
Felix Eugen Fritsch FRS was a British biologist. Fritssch was born in Hampstead in London in 1879 where his father owned and operated a school. Fritsch started his career at the University of Munich before moving to research at University College London and also the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew. He was Professor and Head of the Botanical Department, Queen Mary College , University of London, from 1911-1948. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May 1932 and won their Darwin Medal in 1950. He served as president of the Linnean Society from 1949 to 1952 and was awarded the society's L...
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Thomas Kirk
1828 - 1898 (70 years)
Thomas Kirk was an English-born botanist, teacher, public servant, writer and churchman who moved to New Zealand with his wife and four children in late 1862. The New Zealand government commissioned him in 1884 to compile a report on the indigenous forests of the country and appointed him as chief conservator of forests the following year. He published 130 papers in botany and plants including The Durability of New Zealand Timbers, The Forest Flora of New Zealand and Students' Flora of New Zealand.
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Philip Pye-Smith
1839 - 1914 (75 years)
Philip Henry Pye-Smith FRS FRCP was an English physician, medical scientist and educator. His interest was physiology, specialising in skin diseases. Life Philip Pye-Smith was born in 1839 at Billiter Square, London EC3, England, the son of Ebenezer and Mary Anne Pye-Smith. He was educated at Mill Hill School and University College London before pursuing a medical career at Guy's Hospital and University of London.
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Arthur Gamgee
1841 - 1909 (68 years)
Prof Arthur Gamgee FRS FRSE was a British biochemist. Life Arthur Gamgee was the youngest of eight children of Joseph Gamgee, an Edinburgh-born veterinarian and pathologist and his wife Mary Ann West. He was born in Florence, Italy, where his father had a practice nearby in Leghorn. His family moved back to England when he was fourteen years old. He was educated at University College School in London and at the University of Edinburgh, graduating with an MD in 1862. For his thesis, Contributions to the Chemistry and Physiology of Foetal Nutrition, he was awarded a gold medal. He did postgradu...
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George Montagu
1751 - 1815 (64 years)
George Montagu was an English army officer and naturalist. He was known for his pioneering Ornithological Dictionary of 1802, which for the first time accurately defined the status of Britain's birds. He is remembered today for species such as the Montagu's harrier, named for him.
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Mary Belle Allen
1922 - 1973 (51 years)
Mary Belle Allen was an American botanist, chemist, mycologist, algologist, and plant pathologist, and a pioneer of biochemical microbiology. With Daniel I. Arnon and F. Robert Whatley, she did breakthrough research discovering and demonstrating the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis. In 1962 she received the Darbaker Prize from the Botanical Society of America for her work on microbial algae. In 1967 she was nominated jointly with Arnon and Whatley for a Nobel Prize.
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Felix Victor Birch-Hirschfeld
1842 - 1899 (57 years)
Felix Victor Birch-Hirschfeld was a German pathologist who was a native of Kluvensieck bei Rendsburg. Biography In 1867 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Leipzig, where he studied under Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich and Ernst Leberecht Wagner . In 1870 he became a prosector at the city hospital in Dresden, and in 1885 returned to Leipzig, where he succeeded Julius Cohnheim as chair of pathological anatomy. One of his better known assistants was pathologist Christian Georg Schmorl .
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Guglielmo Gasparrini
1803 - 1866 (63 years)
Guglielmo Gasparrini was an Italian botanist and mycologist. Biography Guglielmo Gasparrini was born in Castelgrande, in the Province of Potenza. After his first studies in his native town, he moved to Naples to attend the veterinary school. Subsequently, he entered the Botanical Garden of Naples, under the guide of Michele Tenore and Giovanni Gussone.
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Lovell Augustus Reeve
1814 - 1865 (51 years)
Lovell Augustus Reeve was an English conchologist and publisher. Life Born at Ludgate Hill, London, on 19 April 1814, he was a son of Thomas Reeve, draper and mercer, by his wife Fanny Lovell. After attending school at Stockwell, he was apprenticed at the age of 13 to Mr. Graham, a local grocer. The chance of purchase of some shells led to a lifelong interest in conchology. In 1833 he attended the meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science at Cambridge. At the end of his apprenticeship Reeve paid a visit to Paris, where he read a paper on the classification of Mollusca before the Academy of Sciences.
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Silvia Zenari
1895 - 1956 (61 years)
Silvia Zenari was an Italian geologist and botanist. Zenari was born in Udine, Italy and studied at the University of Padua, graduating in 1918. While working for the Istituto di Geologia, Zenari studied the Dolomites in Belluno, Cadore, and Comelico between 1930 and 1950, eventually turning her focus on botany as well as geology. She was the first to complete a study on the ecology of plant life at high elevations, primarily in the Sexten Dolomites range. She later moved on to studying the Schiara range, including Monte Serva. Her research included a statistical analysis of plants at various elevations, which explained the distribution of various species.
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Charles Emerson Beecher
1856 - 1904 (48 years)
Charles Emerson Beecher was an American paleontologist most famous for the thorough excavation, preparation and study of trilobite ventral anatomy from specimens collected at Beecher's Trilobite Bed. Beecher was rapidly promoted at Yale Peabody Museum, eventually rising to head that institution.
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Hans Johansen
1897 - 1973 (76 years)
Hans Christian Johansen was a Danish-Russian professor of zoology, first at Tomsk State University, later at the University of Copenhagen. Life Hans Johansen was born in Riga, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire to Danish parents. He went to Knight and Cathedral school to Reval in Reval . As a young research-eager student, he came to Tomsk in spring 1916 to study natural history. He met the Russian ornithologist Hermann Johansen, with whom he had no blood-relationship . They went on a bird-collection expedition to the southern border of the taiga between the rivers Om and Ob. In 1917, Hans Johansen investigated the Baraba steppe alone.
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Paul Carpenter Standley
1884 - 1963 (79 years)
Paul Carpenter Standley was an American botanist known for his work on neotropical plants. Biography Standley was born on March 21, 1884, in Avalon, Missouri. He attended Drury College in Springfield, Missouri, and New Mexico State College, where he received a bachelor's degree in 1907, and received a master's degree from New Mexico State College in 1908. He remained at New Mexico State College as an assistant from 1908 to 1909. He was the assistant curator of the Division of Plants at the United States National Museum from 1909 to 1922.
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Friedrich Weber
1781 - 1823 (42 years)
Friedrich Weber was a German physician, botanist and entomologist. He was a pupil of Johan Christian Fabricius , and wrote in 1795 at the age of 14 and in 1801. These two works contained the first descriptions of many new insect species and also first descriptions of other invertebrates like the lobster genus Homarus.
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Hiromichi Kono
1905 - 1963 (58 years)
Hiromichi Kono was a Japanese entomologist and anthropologist. His academic training, at Hokkaido Imperial University, was in entomology, and he became a faculty member in the Biology Department at that institution. His emphasis within entomology was on Coleoptera, his doctoral work concerning a Japanese billbug . He performed taxonomic work in Coleoptera as well, describing a new genus of Lycid beetle, Benibotarus . His academic work in biology was interrupted due to World War II, and he left Hokkaido University in 1944 . During this time, he took up the study of anthropology, following in the footsteps of his father, Tsunekichi Kōno .
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Karel Domin
1882 - 1953 (71 years)
Karel Domin was a Czech botanist and politician. After gymnasium school studies in Příbram, he studied botany at the Charles University in Prague, and graduated in 1906. Between 1911 and 1913 he published several important articles on Australian taxonomy. In 1916 he was named as professor of botany. Domin specialised in phytogeography, geobotany and plant taxonomy. He became a member at the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, published many scientific works and founded a botany institute at the university. The Domin scale, a commonly used means of classifying a standard area by the number of pl...
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Richard James Arthur Berry
1867 - 1962 (95 years)
Richard James Arthur Berry FRSE FRCSE was a British-born surgeon and anatomist who was well-known in Australia. He was author of several internationally recognised books in his field. Early life Berry was born on 30 May 1867, in Upholland in Lancashire, the son of Jane Barlow and James Berry, a coal-merchant. His father died before he was born, and he was largely raised by his grandfather. He was educated at small private schools in Southport, beginning at Dame’s School and then in 1877 going onto a private school for boys before winning a place at the University of Cambridge. However, he did...
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William Henry Brewer
1828 - 1910 (82 years)
William Henry Brewer was an American botanist. He worked on the first California Geological Survey and was the first Chair of Agriculture at Yale University's Sheffield Scientific School. Biography William H. Brewer was born in Poughkeepsie, New York and grew up on a farm in Enfield, New York. In 1848 Brewer attended Yale and began studying soil chemistry under Professors Benjamin Silliman and John Pitkin Norton. There, Brewer was a founding member of Berzelius, one of Yale's oldest "secret societies". In 1852 he graduated from the first class of the Sheffield Scientific School with a Bachelor of Philosophy degree and began teaching at the Ovid Academy in Ovid, New York.
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John Edmund Sharrock Moore
1870 - 1947 (77 years)
John Edmund Sharrock Moore ARCS was an English biologist, best known for being co-publisher of the term meiosis and leading two expeditions to Tanganyika. Personal life Born at Swinshaw near Loveclough, Rossendale, Lancashire, he was the son of Henry and Mary Elizabeth Moore . His father was a cotton manufacturer and the first Mayor or Burnley . After 1878 Henry Moore became a colliery agent and moved the family to Southampton and then to Chiswick before 1891. His father became a sculptor, as did his sister Esther Mary Moore who exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts.
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Manabu Miyoshi
1862 - 1939 (77 years)
Manabu Miyoshi was a Japanese botanist. Biography Miyoshi was born in 1861 in the village of Iwamura, now part of modern-day Ena. He was born in a samurai family from the former province of Mino. A graduate of the Imperial University of Tokyo in 1889, he continued his scientific training at the University of Leipzig under the direction of German botanist Wilhelm Friedrich Philipp Pfeffer. In 1895, he earned his Doctorate of Science degree and returned to Japan as Professor of Botany at the University of Tokyo.
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Willis Linn Jepson
1867 - 1946 (79 years)
Willis Linn Jepson was an early California botanist, conservationist, and writer. Career Born at Little Oak Ranch near Vacaville, California, Jepson became interested in botany as a boy and explored the adjacent San Francisco Bay Area. He came in contact with various botanists before he entered college.
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Barend Joseph Stokvis
1834 - 1902 (68 years)
Barend Joseph Stokvis was a physician and professor of physiology and pharmacology at the University of Amsterdam. He is mainly remembered for his description of acute porphyria in 1889. As a researcher in chemical pathology he made contributions to the understanding of a number of diseases, such as diabetes. He was also considered an expert in tropical medicine and a celebrated medical educator. He authored an influential pharmacology textbook. Stokvis was one of a number of prominent 19th century Jewish physicians in the Netherlands.
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John Joseph Bittner
1904 - 1962 (58 years)
John Joseph Bittner was a geneticist and cancer biologist, who made many contributions on the genetics of breast cancer research, which were of value, not only in cancer research, but also in a variety of other biological investigations.
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August Wilhelm Henschel
1790 - 1856 (66 years)
August Wilhelm Eduard Theodor Henschel was a German physician and botanist, best known through his works on history of medicine and about Schola Medica Salernitana. Biography Education He was educated at the medical and surgical college at Breslau, the Ober-Collegium medicum in Berlin, and the universities of Heidelberg and Breslau . He practised medicine in Breslau from 1813 to 1816, and in the latter year was appointed Privatdozent in pathology at the university of that city.
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Gustav Tornier
1858 - 1938 (80 years)
Gustav Tornier was a German zoologist and herpetologist. Life and career Tornier was born in the Kingdom of Prussia as the eldest child of Gottlob Adolf Tornier, a member of the Prussian landed gentry in Dombrowken, a village near Bromberg in West Prussia. His father and mother had both died by 1877, leaving the nineteen-year-old Gustav as the master of a house and estate.
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Emil Godlewski
1847 - 1930 (83 years)
Emil Godlewski was a Polish botanist. Professor of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, he was one of the key figures responsible for developing the field of botany in Poland. One of his collaborators was the Polish botanist Gabriela Balicka-Iwanowska, Ph.D.
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August Kanitz
1843 - 1896 (53 years)
August Kanitz was a Hungarian botanist. While a student at the University of Vienna he wrote Geschichte der Botanik in Ungarn , and soon after, Versuch einer Geschichte der Ungarischen Botanik . In 1866 he published a work on the flora of Slavonia, in 1877 he published a work on the flora of Montenegro, Bosnia, and Serbia and in 1879 one on that of Romania. For the last-named work he was elected a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and was made Knight of the Order of the Crown of Romania. He converted to Christianity.
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Václav Treitz
1819 - 1872 (53 years)
Václav Treitz was a Czech pathologist. Biography Treitz was born on 9 April 1819 in Hostomice, Bohemia. He studied medicine in Prague, and performed post-graduate studies in Vienna with Joseph Hyrtl . Subsequently, he practiced medicine at the Jagellonian University in Kraków, returning to Prague in 1855, where he became a professor and director of the institute of pathological anatomy.
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Girish Chandra Bose
1853 - 1939 (86 years)
Girish Chandra Bose was an Indian educator and botanist. Early life and education Bose was born on 29 October 1853 in the village of Berugram in the Burdwan district of India. He attended Hooghly College, and received a BA degree in 1876. After graduation, he was hired as a lecturer of science at Ravenshaw College, where he worked until 1881.
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Valéry Mayet
1839 - 1909 (70 years)
Valéry Mayet was a French entomologist. He was professor of zoology in Montpellier at the French National School of Agriculture . Publications Sur l'oeuf du Phylloxera, 1881 .Résultats des traitements effectués en Suisse en vue de la destruction du Phylloxera, 1881 .Voyage dans le sud de la Tunisie. 1886 .Les Insectes de la vigne. Montpellier: Camille Coulet, 1890.The phylloxera of the vine, by Valéry Mayet; translated for the Board of Viticultural Commissioners, 1894.La Cochenille des vignes du Chili. 1895 .Essai de géographie zoologique de l'Hérault. 1898 .Catalogue raisonné des reptiles et batraciens de la Tunisie.
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George E. Coghill
1872 - 1941 (69 years)
George Ellett Coghill was an American philosopher anatomist best known for his work relating neuromuscular system development with movement patterns in embryos. Coghill performed much of the empirical work supporting the theory that development of movement is not simply the accumulation of individualized reflexes, but rather a result of the differentiation of generalized total movement.
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