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Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines

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List of the most influential people in Biology,

#19351

Mary Jane Guthrie

1895 - 1975 (80 years)

Mary Jane Guthrie was an American zoologist and cytologist known for her studies of cytoplasm in reproductive and endocrine cells. Early life and education Guthrie was born in New Bloomfield, Missouri. She graduated from the University of Missouri with a bachelor's degree in 1916 and a master's degree in 1918, then earned her Ph.D. in zoology at Bryn Mawr College in 1922. While working towards her Ph.D., Guthrie served as a zoology instructor and demonstrator.

#19352

Erwin Baur

1875 - 1933 (58 years)

Erwin Baur was a German geneticist and botanist. Baur worked primarily on plant genetics. He was director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Breeding Research . Baur is considered to be the father of plant virology. He discovered the inheritance of plastids.

#19353

Sarah Bedichek Pipkin

1913 - 1977 (64 years)

Sarah Craven Bedichek Pipkin was an American geneticist. Education Pipkin earned her B.A. in Zoology and Ph.D in Genetics from the University of Texas, where she studied with J. T. Patterson and H. J. Muller. She was awarded a Rockefeller fellowship to King's College, London and studied under J. B. S. Haldane.

#19354

Ernest Lyman Scott

1877 - 1966 (89 years)

Ernest Lyman Scott was an American physiologist and diabetes researcher who spent much of his career on the faculty at Columbia University. Scott's early work contributed to the modern understanding of the biology of insulin and its use in diabetes management, though the exact role and significance of his research in this context has been a subject of controversy. Later, Scott developed a standard blood test for diabetes. After retiring from Columbia in 1942, Scott went on to become a noted horticulturist.

#19355

Vera Danchakoff

Vera Danchakoff

1879 - 1950 (71 years)

Vera Mikhaĭlovna Danchakoff was an anatomist, cell biologist and embryologist from the Russian Empire. In 1908 she was the first woman in Russian Empire to be appointed as a professor and she became a pioneer in stem cell research. She emigrated to the United States in 1915 where she was a leading exponent of the idea that all types of blood cell develop from a single type of cell. She has sometimes been called "the mother of stem cells". She later returned to Europe to continue with her research.

#19356

Ernst Friedberger

Ernst Friedberger

1875 - 1932 (57 years)

Ernst Friedberger was a German immunologist and hygienist born in Giessen. He was of Jewish ancestry. In 1899 he received his medical doctorate at the University of Giessen, and in 1901 became an assistant at the University of Königsberg, where in 1903 he was habilitated as a lecturer in hygiene. In 1908 he attained the directorship of experimental therapy at the Institute of Pharmacology at the University of Berlin. From 1915 to 1926 he was professor of hygiene at the University of Greifswald, and afterwards director of the Preußischen Forschungsinstituts für Hygiene und Immunitätslehre in ...

#19357

Oskar Augustus Johannsen

1870 - 1961 (91 years)

Oskar Augustus Johannsen , was an American entomologist who specialised in Diptera. Johannsen earned degrees from the University of Illinois and Cornell University. He taught civil engineering at Cornell from 1899 to 1909, entomology at the University of Maine from 1909 to 1912, and entomology at Cornell from 1912 to 1938.

#19358

O'Neil Ray Collins

1931 - 1989 (58 years)

O'Neil Ray Collins was an American botanist, mycologist, and specialist in slime-mold genetics. Early life Collins was born in Plaisance, Louisiana in 1931, and graduated from the local high school in 1948. After serving the United States Army in Europe, he earned his Bachelor of Science degree in botany in January 1957 from Southern University. His interest in mycology was cultivated by Lafayette Frederick, a professor at Southern. Collins later attended the University of Iowa and studied under Constantine J. Alexopoulos, receiving his master's in 1959 and doctorate in 1961. His thesis invo...

#19359

Philip Hunter Timberlake

1883 - 1981 (98 years)

Philip Hunter Timberlake was one of the most prolific American entomologists of the 20th century. He was born on June 5, 1883, in Bethel, Maine, and died in 1981 in Riverside, California, where he had served as an Associate Entomologist in the Department of Entomology of the University of California, Riverside.

#19360

Wayne Eyer Manning

1899 - 2004 (105 years)

Wayne Eyer Manning was an American horticulturist and botanist. Biography In 1920, Manning obtained his Bachelor of Sciences from Oberlin College. In 1926 he received his Ph.D. from Cornell University. His dissertation research was based on the study of the floral anatomy of Juglandaceae.

#19361

Hally Jolivette Sax

1884 - 1979 (95 years)

Hally Delilia Mary Jolivette Sax , was an American botanist known for her work on the chromosomal structure of plant species and how it is affected by radiation and other mutagens. Biography Hally Jolivette received her A.B. in 1906 and her A.M. in 1909 — both from the University of Wisconsin — and her Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1912. She taught at the University of Wisconsin , Stanford , and Washington State College . While at the latter institution, she met and in 1915 married the botanist Karl Sax, one of her cytology students. They later had three sons.

#19362

William Harding Longley

1881 - 1937 (56 years)

William Harding Longley was an American botanist. Longley was born in 1881 in Nova Scotia. He attended Acadia and Yale. From 1911 to 1937, he spent as a professor of biology and botany, at Goucher College in Baltimore. His biggest work in science was a study of roles of color and pattern in the tropical reef fishes, which was done with the assistance of Dry Tortugas Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution in Washington, where he worked as a director from 1922 to 1937. He studied distribution and evolution of the species as well. He studied a lot of plants in places like Hawaii, Samoa, Tortugas, and the Pacific, and examining some in European and American museums.

#19363

Ernst Schwarz

1889 - 1962 (73 years)

Ernst Schwarz was a German zoologist, mammalogist, and herpetologist. Schwarz was born in Frankfurt and studied zoology in Munich. He worked at the Museum of Natural History in Frankfurt and the Zoological Museum in Berlin. In 1929 he became professor of zoology at the University of Greifswald. He worked at the Natural History Museum in London from 1933 to 1937, when he moved to the United States. He specialised in great ape species.

#19364

Sergey Ognev

1886 - 1951 (65 years)

Sergey Ivanovich Ognev was a scientist, zoologist and naturalist, remembered for his work on mammalogy. He graduated from Moscow University in 1910, the same year in which he published his first monograph. In 1928, he became a professor at the Moscow State Pedagogical University. He published a variety of textbooks in zoology and ecology. His magnum opus, Mammals of Russia and adjacent territories, was never completed.

#19365

Friedrich Laibach

1885 - 1967 (82 years)

Friedrich Laibach was a German botanist. Life and work Laibach was promoted in 1907 at the University of Bonn . In 1919 he qualified as a professor at the University of Frankfurt . After becoming a member of the National Socialists and his accession to the Nazi Party

#19366

Shikama Tokio

1912 - 1978 (66 years)

was a Japanese vertebrate palaeontologist. Considered the leading Japanese figure in the field in the immediate pre- and post-war years, species he described include Yabe's giant deer . External links Shikama Tokio

#19367

John Paul Visscher

1895 - 1950 (55 years)

John Paul Visscher was an American protozoologist. Biography Visscher was born in 1895 in Holland, Michigan. He got his A.B. degree from his hometown in 1917, and in 1920 and 1924 got his A.M. and Ph.D. degrees from Johns Hopkins University. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I where he was a Lieutenant in the Chemical Warfare Service. From 1920 to 1922 he was an instructor of zoology at Washington University in St. Louis. Two years later he became assistant professor of biology at Western Reserve University. Another two years went by, and he received another promotion. This time he became associate professor.

#19368

Franz Buxbaum

1900 - 1979 (79 years)

Franz Buxbaum was an Austrian botanist, specialising in cacti. Neobuxbaumia is named after him.

#19369

Heinrich Leonhards Skuja

1892 - 1972 (80 years)

Heinrich Leonhards Skuja was a botanist specialist of algae. Among the taxa he described is Achroonema, a genus of bacteria whose taxonomic placement is still uncertain. Publications Skuja, H. : Vorabeiten zu einer Algenflora von Lettland I–IV. – Acta Horti Botanici Universitatis Latviensis 1–3, Riga. Nachdruck: Königstein.Skuja, H. . Beitrag zur Algenflora Lettlands I. Acta Horti Bot Univ Latviensis 7: 25–85, .Skuja, H. . Die phylogenetischen Entwicklungsrichtungen bei den Protisten. Acta Biol. Latvica, 8:1-26, .Skuja, H. . Beitrag zur Algenflora Lettlands II. Acta Horti Bot Univ Latviensis 11/12: 41–169, .Skuja, H.

#19370

Jan Obenberger

1892 - 1964 (72 years)

Jan Obenberger was a Czechoslovak entomologist. He was Professor of Zoology at the Charles University in Prague. He was a specialist in Buprestidae. Jan Obenberger was very skilled at colour illustration.

#19371

Johannes Schmidt

1877 - 1933 (56 years)

Ernst Johannes Schmidt was a Danish biologist credited with discovering in 1920 that European eels migrate to the Sargasso Sea to spawn. Before this people in North America and Europe had wondered where the small glass eels, or elvers, came from.

#19372

Otto Plath

1885 - 1940 (55 years)

Otto Emil Plath was a German-American writer, academic, and biologist. Plath worked as a professor of biology and German language at Boston University and as an entomologist, with a specific expertise on bumblebees. He was the father of American poet Sylvia Plath and Warren Plath, and the husband of Aurelia Plath. He wrote the 1934 book Bumblebees and Their Ways. He is notable for being the subject of "Daddy", one of his daughter's most well-known poems.

#19373

Roderic Alfred Gregory

1913 - 1990 (77 years)

Roderic Alfred Gregory CBE FRS was a British physiologist. Early life and career He was born in 1913 in Plaistow, Essex, the only child of Alfred Gregory and Alice Jane Gregory. His father was a fitter and turner who, in 1913, was employed by Brunner and Mond . At the age of 11 he started at the local grammar school, George Green's School.

#19374

Shigeho Tanaka

1878 - 1974 (96 years)

Shigeho Tanaka was a Japanese ichthyologist and professor of zoology at the Imperial University of Tokyo. He published numerous works on fishes and sharks and co-authored a book on Japanese fish with famous American scientist David Starr Jordan.

#19375

Louis Bolk

1866 - 1930 (64 years)

Lodewijk 'Louis' Bolk was a Dutch anatomist who created the fetalization theory about the human body. It states that when a human being is born, it is still a fetus, as can be seen by its big head, lack of coordination, and helplessness. Furthermore, this "prematuration" is specifically human.

#19376

Ross McNabb

1934 - 1972 (38 years)

Robert Francis Ross McNabb was a New Zealand mycologist. He was born in Kawakawa, and attended local schools in his youth, including Whangarei Boys' High School and Southland Boys' High School. He received a BSc degree from the University of Otago in 1956, and two years later an MSc for his work on mycorrhizae morphology in native New Zealand plants. In 1961, having been awarded a National Research Fellowship the year before, McNabb left New Zealand for the UK to study with Cecil Terence Ingold at Birkbeck College. McNabb earned a PhD in 1963; his thesis was titled "Taxonomic studies in the Dacrymycetaceae".

#19377

Anton Frederik Bruun

1901 - 1961 (60 years)

Anton Frederik Bruun was a Danish oceanographer and ichthyologist. Educated at University of Copenhagen and employed at the Danish Commission for Marine Research , where he participated in the third Dana expedition . From 1938 employed at the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen University. In 1945–46 scientific leader of the Atlantide expedition along the coast of West Africa and in 1950–1952 scientific leader of the Galathea deep-sea expedition, which circumnavigated the world.

#19378

Willard Joseph Chamberlin

Willard Joseph Chamberlin

1890 - 1971 (81 years)

Willard Joseph Chamberlin was an American entomologist and professor at Oregon State College who specialized in jewel beetles and bark beetles. He was also a pilot in World War I who received the French Cross of War and was recommended for the U.S. Distinguished Service Cross.

#19379

Harold Maxwell-Lefroy

Harold Maxwell-Lefroy

1877 - 1925 (48 years)

Harold Maxwell-Lefroy was an English entomologist. He served as a Professor of Entomology at Imperial College London before moving to India where he took over the position of entomologist to the government of India from Lionel de Niceville. He was later made the first Imperial Entomologist to India. He left India after two of his children died from insect-borne diseases. He worked on applied entomology and initiated experiments on the use of chemicals to control insects. A formula he developed was utilized to save Westminster Hall from destruction by wood-boring beetles, while others were used to control lice in the trenches during the First World War.

#19380

Roscoe Wilfred Thatcher

1872 - 1933 (61 years)

Roscoe Wilfred Thatcher was an American agriculturist. He was born and raised on a farm in Chatham Center, Ohio, and studied at the University of Nebraska. He began his academic career at Washington State College, becoming head of the Department of Agriculture there.

#19381

Hans-Jürgen Stammer

1899 - 1968 (69 years)

Hans-Jürgen Stammer was a German zoologist, ecologist and director of the Zoological Institute of the University Erlangen. biography Stammer was a student of Paul Buchner , the director of the zoological institute of the University Greifswald. Stammer fellowed Buchner to the University Breslau, where he began doing research in the field of ecology. Here he was habilitated in 1931. 1938 Stammer became the director of the Zoological Institute of the University Erlangen. There he was very active in teaching and researching and supervised diploma theses or phd-theses of about 200 students. Stam...

#19382

Jacob Joseph Taubenhaus

1884 - 1937 (53 years)

Jacob Joseph Taubenhaus born in Safed, Palestine on October 20, 1884, was Chief of the Division of Plant Pathology and Physiology of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station at the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas from 1916 until his death on December 13, 1937. During his life, he was also a leader in Jewish affairs at the university and was a founder of Texas A&M Hillel.

#19383

August Busck

1870 - 1944 (74 years)

Augustus Busck was a Danish-American entomologist with the United States Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Entomology. He is best known for his work with microlepidoptera, of which he described over 600 species. His collections of Lepidoptera from North America and the Panama Canal Zone are held by the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.

#19384

Henri Rouvière

1876 - 1958 (82 years)

Henri Rouvière was a professor of anatomy born in Le Bleymard, France. He studied in Montpellier, receiving his medical doctorate in 1903. He later became a professor of anatomy and embryology at the University of Paris. Collège Henri Rouvière in his hometown of Le Bleymard is named in his honour. Many of Rouvière's anatomical works are preserved in the Musée d'Anatomie Delmas-Orfila-Rouvière in Paris.

#19385

Helen Porter

1899 - 1987 (88 years)

Prof Helen Kemp Porter later Mrs Huggett FRS FRSE was a British botanist from Imperial College London. She was a Fellow of the Royal Society and the first female professor at Imperial College London. Her studies of polysaccharide metabolism in tobacco plants were groundbreaking; she was one of the first British scientists to use the innovative technologies of chromatography and radioactive tracers.

#19386

Sergey Kravkov

1893 - 1951 (58 years)

Sergey Vasilyevich Kravkov was a Russian psychologist and psychophysiologist, Doctor of Science in Biology , Corresponding Member of the Academy of Science of the USSR and the Academy of Medical Science of the USSR . He is considered one of the founders of physiological optics, a scientific discipline that studies physiological processes, physical and psychic regularities which characterize the functioning of the organs of human vision.

#19387

William Bleckwenn

William Bleckwenn

1895 - 1965 (70 years)

William Jefferson Bleckwenn was an American neurologist, psychiatrist, and military physician, who was instrumental in developing the treatment known as "narcoanalysis" or "narcosynthesis", also known by the lay term "truth serum".

#19388

Joachim Illies

1925 - 1982 (57 years)

Joachim Illies was a German biologist, entomologist and author. Biography Joachim Illies studied biology at the University of Götting and Kiel. He was an honorary professor for zoology at the University of Gießen and the leader of the Max-Planck-Institute of limnology in Plön.

#19389

Ethel de Fraine

1879 - 1918 (39 years)

Ethel de Fraine was a British botanist. Life and work Ethel Louise de Fraine was born in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England on 2 November 1879 and received her D.Sc. from the University of London. She was a lecturer in botany at Battersea Polytechnic from 1910 to 1913 and then taught at Westfield College in 1915. She died at Falmouth, Cornwall, England on 25 March 1918.

#19390

Arnold Mallis

1910 - 1984 (74 years)

Arnold Mallis was an American professor of entomology. He worked as an extension entomologist in Pennsylvania State University and was the author of a popular Handbook of Pest Control first published in 1945 that continues to be revised and published.

#19391

Sidney H. Haughton

1888 - 1982 (94 years)

Sidney Henry Haughton FRS was an English-born South African paleontologist and geologist best known for his description of the sauropodomorph dinosaur Melanorosaurus in 1924, and his work on the geology of the Witwatersrand.

#19392

Franklin David Keim

1886 - 1956 (70 years)

Franklin David Keim was a professor at the University of Nebraska where he studied plant genetics, grasses, and grazing. He served as the chair of the University of Nebraska Department of Agronomy for 22 years from 1930 to 1952. He was elected a fellow of the American Society of Agronomy in 1937 and served as the president of the American Society of Agronomy in 1943. The University of Nebraska's Keim Hall is named in his honor.

#19393

Ernst Rüdin

1874 - 1952 (78 years)

Ernst Rüdin was a Swiss-born German psychiatrist, geneticist, eugenicist and Nazi, rising to prominence under Emil Kraepelin and assuming the directorship at the German Institute for Psychiatric Research in Munich. While he has been credited as a pioneer of psychiatric inheritance studies, he also argued for, designed, justified and funded the mass sterilization and clinical killing of adults and children.

#19394

Stephen Kuffler

Stephen Kuffler

1913 - 1980 (67 years)

Stephen William Kuffler was a Hungarian-American neurophysiologist. He is often referred to as the "Father of Modern Neuroscience". Kuffler, alongside noted Nobel Laureates Sir John Eccles and Sir Bernard Katz gave research lectures at the University of Sydney, strongly influencing its intellectual environment while working at Sydney Hospital. He founded the Harvard neurobiology department in 1966, and made numerous seminal contributions to our understanding of vision, neural coding, and the neural implementation of behavior. He is known for his research on neuromuscular junctions in frogs, presynaptic inhibition, and the neurotransmitter GABA.

#19395

Friedrich Mauz

1900 - 1979 (79 years)

Friedrich Robert Mauz was a German psychiatrist who was involved with the Nazi T-4 Euthanasia Program. From 1939 until 1945, Mauz was the Professor of Psychiatry at Albertina University in Königsberg. In 1953, he became the Professor of Psychiatry at Münster.

#19396

Eizi Matuda

1894 - 1978 (84 years)

Eiji Matsuda was a Mexican botanist of Japanese origin. In scholarly works, his name is generally romanised as "Eizi Matuda" following the "Kunrei" system. Biography Matuda and his wife, Miduho Kaneko de Matuda, were naturalized Mexican citizens and had five Mexico-born children.

#19397

Charles Edward Moss

Charles Edward Moss

1870 - 1930 (60 years)

Charles Edward Moss , was an English-born South African botanist, the youngest son of a nonconformist minister, and is noted for being the editor of the first two parts of The Cambridge British Flora published in 1914 and 1920. The Cambridge British Flora, under the editorship of Moss, was intended to be a ten-volume survey of the flora of Britain, with contributions by specialists in particular genera. The two volumes that saw publication were of a very high standard, but the project was subsequently abandoned.

#19398

Collingwood Ingram

1880 - 1981 (101 years)

Collingwood "Cherry" Ingram , was a British ornithologist, plant collector and gardener, who was an authority on Japanese flowering cherries. Personal life Collingwood Ingram was a son of Sir William Ingram and Mary Eliza Collingwood , daughter of Australian politician Edward Stirling. His maternal grandfather was born in Jamaica to a Scottish planter and an unnamed woman of colour. He concealed his racial identity and later settled in South Australia, where he was elected to parliament; his sons Lancelot and Edward Charles Stirling were also members of parliament.

#19399

Nils Svedelius

1873 - 1960 (87 years)

Prof Nils Eberhard Svedelius ForMemRS HFRSE was a Swedish botanist. He was an expert on marine algae. Biography He was born in Stockholm on 5 August 1873 the second son of Carl Svedelius LLD , a senior judge in the Supreme Court of Justice, and his wife, Ebba Katarina Skytte, from the family of Skytte of Satra. In 1914 he married Lisa Thegerstrom . He died on 2 August 1960.

#19400

Maurice Cole Tanquary

Maurice Cole Tanquary

1881 - 1944 (63 years)

Maurice Cole Tanquary was a professor of entomology, a member of the Crocker Land Expedition and is considered to be a pioneer in modern beekeeping. Early life Tanquary was the son of Thomas J. and Florence A. Tanquaary. He was born and raised in Lawrenceville, Illinois, grew up on a farm and attended local public schools. He furthered his education at Vincennes University, where he played an active role in the Tau Phi Delta society, contributing to its initial constitution and by-laws. In 1903, he graduated from Vincennes University and subsequently taught at Lawrence County's public schools for four years.

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