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List of the most influential people in Chemistry,

#6401

Andreas Smits

1870 - 1948 (78 years)

Andreas Smits was Dutch chemist who specialized in physical and inorganic chemistry and examined aspects of phase change and conversions between allotropic forms. He was a professor at the Delft University of Technology.

#6402

Gustave Eiffel

1832 - 1923 (91 years)

Alexandre Gustave Eiffel was a French civil engineer. A graduate of École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, he made his name with various bridges for the French railway network, most famously the Garabit Viaduct. He is best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower, designed by his company and built for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, and his contribution to building the Statue of Liberty in New York. After his retirement from engineering, Eiffel focused on research into meteorology and aerodynamics, making significant contributions in both fields.

#6403

Walter Rüdorff

1909 - 1989 (80 years)

Walter Rüdorff was a German chemist known for his research on clathrates of graphite and ternary oxides. Education and career Rüdorff was born in Berlin in 1909. He studied chemistry as an undergraduate at Technical University of Berlin and graduated in 1925. His graduate study was carried out under the supervision of Ulrich Hofmann at the same university, where he graduated with a PhD thesis titled Über die Kristallstruktur der Hexacarbonyle von Chrom, Molybdän und Wolfram. He then moved to the University of Rostock along with Ulrich Hofmann and achieved his habilitation status with the thesis titled Neuartige Verbindungen mit Graphit in 1941.

#6404

Julius Arnold Koch

1864 - 1956 (92 years)

Julius Arnold Koch was an American chemist who was born in the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen. Koch graduated from the University of Pittsburgh in 1884. He was the first dean of the School of Pharmacy at the University of Pittsburgh and held this position until his retirement in 1932. In 1897, he discovered, together with Ludwig Gattermann, the Gattermann-Koch reaction . He agreed on receiving the status of dean only after his following concern was taken into consideration "I will accept the deanship if the sessions are changed from evening to the daytime."

#6405

Bob Briggs

1905 - 1975 (70 years)

Lindsay Heathcote "Bob" Briggs was a New Zealand organic chemist. Early life Born in Hastings in 1905, Briggs was educated at Auckland Grammar School. Academic career After graduating from Auckland University College with a Master of Science with second-class honours in 1928, he received funding to research manuka oil the following year, and undertook independent research at Massey Agricultural College from 1929 to 1930.

#6406

Salvador del Mundo

1902 - 1945 (43 years)

Salvador del Mundo was a Filipino chemist specializing in ceramics. Born in Boac, Marinduque, del Mundo graduated, summa cum laude, with a degree in chemistry from the University of the Philippines in 1925, and obtained a doctorate degree from the University of Santo Tomas in 1934. His scientific career led him to become the lead chemist of the ceramics laboratory of the government Bureau of Science, which is now the Department of Science and Technology, production manager of the Ceramics Industries of the Philippines, and professorships at the University of the Philippines and the University of Santo Tomas.

#6407

Nikolay Emanuel

Nikolay Emanuel

1915 - 1984 (69 years)

Nikolay Markovich Emanuel was a Soviet chemist. He was a key specialist in chemical kinetics and mechanics of chemical reactions. He lectured at Moscow State University since 1944 . In 1958 he became a corresponding member and in 1966 he became a full member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. In 1974, he was elected as a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Buried in Moscow.

#6408

Friedrich Gustav Carl Emil Erlenmeyer

1864 - 1921 (57 years)

Friedrich Gustav Carl Emil Erlenmeyer , also known as Emil Erlenmeyer, Jr., was a German chemist and the discoverer of the Erlenmeyer-Plöchl azlactone and amino acid synthesis. He was the son of Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer and father of Hans Erlenmeyer.

#6409

Herbert Henry Dow

Herbert Henry Dow

1866 - 1930 (64 years)

Herbert Henry Dow was an American chemical industrialist who founded the American multinational conglomerate Dow Chemical. A graduate of the Case School of Applied Science in Cleveland, Ohio, he was a prolific inventor of chemical processes, compounds, and products, notably bromine extraction from sea water, and was a successful businessman.

#6410

Hollis Dow Hedberg

Hollis Dow Hedberg

1903 - 1988 (85 years)

Hollis Dow Hedberg was an American geologist specializing in petroleum exploration. His contribution to stratigraphic classification of rocks and procedures is a monumental work which received universal acceptance. The firm he worked for, the Gulf Oil Corporation in Venezuela, trusted his findings and explored what had until then been uncharted territory. As a result, they reaped huge benefits from their petroleum findings. Hedberg taught at Princeton University from 1959 until his retirement in 1971. He was awarded the Mary Clark Thompson Medal by the National Academy of Sciences in 1973. In 1975 he was awarded the Wollaston Medal by the Geological Society of London.

#6411

Léo Marion

1899 - 1979 (80 years)

Léo Edmond Marion, was a Canadian organic chemist and academic administrator. He was Vice-President of the National Research Council of Canada. From 1964 until 1965 he was President of the Royal Society of Canada. From 1965 until 1969, he was Dean of Faculty of Pure and Applied Science at the University of Ottawa.

#6412

John M. MacEachran

1877 - 1971 (94 years)

John Malcolm MacEachran was a Canadian philosopher and psychologist, whose most notable credentials involved the development of the Psychology and Philosophy Department at the University of Alberta. He was a co-founder of the Canadian Psychological Association and the appointed Chairman of the Alberta Eugenics Board which was responsible for approving the sterilization of thousands of Albertans, hundreds of which were without consent.

#6413

Conrad Willgerodt

1841 - 1930 (89 years)

Conrad Heinrich Christoph Willgerodt was a German chemist who first described the Willgerodt reaction. Alongside the Willgerodt reaction, he had also discovered Iodosobenzene and chlorobutanol. As for his career, Conrad Willgerodt was a professor at the University of Freiburg.

#6414

William Hodgson Ellis

1845 - 1920 (75 years)

William Hodgson Ellis was a Professor of Applied Chemistry from 1878, and Dean of the Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering in the University of Toronto from 1914, until his retirement in 1919.

#6415

Enos Luther Brookes

1891 - 1944 (53 years)

Enos Luther Brookes was a chemist, academic, and activist for civil rights in the United States. He was born in Jamaica, then a British colony. Early life and education Born in Jamaica, his father was school teacher James M. Brookes and his mother Martha Brookes. He came to the United States in 1914.

#6416

Helen Lewis

1896 - Present (130 years)

Helen Geneva Lewis was an American chemist. Early life and education Born in New Haven, Connecticut, Lewis attended Mount Holyoke College for her undergraduate education and earned her degree in 1921. She then moved to Yale University as an honorary scholar, and earned her Ph.D. in 1923. She pursued postgraduate education at the University of Paris from 1926 to 1927 and at Claremont College in 1928.

#6417

Ji Yufeng

1899 - 1982 (83 years)

Ji Yufeng was a Chinese chemist. He was a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

#6418

Mary Foster

1865 - 1960 (95 years)

Mary Louise Foster was an American biochemist, research chemist and educator. Education Mary Louise Foster was born on April 20, 1865, in Melrose, Massachusetts. Between the years of 1878–1883, she attended the Girls' Latin School in Boston, Massachusetts, and later went on to study Classics at Smith College from 1888 to 1891. After her graduation, Foster taught Chemistry and Physics at West Roxbury High School while enrolled at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston . In 1912, she received her master's degree from Smith, and two years later earned her PhD from the University of Chicago.

#6419

Hans Goldschmidt

Hans Goldschmidt

1861 - 1923 (62 years)

Johannes Wilhelm "Hans" Goldschmidt was a German chemist notable as the discoverer of the Thermite reaction. He was also co-owner of the Chemische Fabrik Th. Goldschmidt, as of 1911 Th. Goldschmidt AG and its most important chemist. The reaction, also called the Goldschmidt process, is used for thermite welding, often used to join railway tracks. Thermites have also been used in metal refining, disabling munitions, and in incendiary weapons. Some thermite-like mixtures are used as pyrotechnic initiators in fireworks.

#6420

Jean-Louis-Alexandre Herrenschneider

1760 - 1843 (83 years)

Jean-Louis-Alexandre Herrenschneider was a philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, physicist, meteorologist and lawyer. Early life and family He was born in Gaugrehweiler in the Rhineland Palatinate to Marguerite Salomé Walter and Jean Herrenschneider. His father was a grammar-school principal, then a protestant court pastor and ecclesiastical inspector for Carl Magnus von Rheingrafenstein, the last count of the Gaugrehweiler line. In 1773, in a murder attempt on his father, his ten-year-old sister was shot to death as the family sat to dinner; his father was badly injured; his beloved siste...

#6421

John R. Park

1833 - 1900 (67 years)

John Rockey Park was a prominent educator in the Territory and State of Utah in the late 19th century, and in many ways was the intellectual father of the University of Utah. Educating "intelligent, industrious and moral" citizens There is a statue of John Rockey Park in an alcove just to the left of the west entrance to the University of Utah main administration building which bears his name. There is a plaque fixed to the base of the statue. The plaque lists biographical dates and statistics from Park's life and career, and then repeats the following quote from an 1885 speech he gave to f...

#6422

Patrick Forbes

1776 - 1847 (71 years)

Patrick Forbes was a Scottish minister who served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland for the period 1829 to 1830. He was Professor of Humanities and Chemistry at the University of Aberdeen.

#6423

Derek Leaver

1929 - 1990 (61 years)

Derek Leaver FRSE MRSC ARIC was a 20th-century British chemist. Life He was born on 16 May 1929 in Lancashire. He was educated at Nelson Grammar School then studied science at the University of Leeds graduating with a BSc in 1949. He completed his postgraduate doctorate in 1953. He then served two years National Service, 1953 to 1955.

#6424

Edward David Hughes

1906 - 1963 (57 years)

Edward David Hughes was a British organic chemist. He was a professor first at University College, Bangor and then at University College in London, eventually rising to the rank of dean at each. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1949.

#6425

Arthur Eugene Baggs

1886 - 1947 (61 years)

Arthur Eugene Baggs was an American chemist and potter. He studied under Charles Fergus Binns at Alfred University. In 1904-05 he established Marblehead Pottery in Marblehead, Massachusetts, and designed vessels there until it closed in 1936. Meanwhile, he worked as a glaze chemist at Cowan Pottery from 1925 to 1928. From 1928 on he taught ceramics at Ohio State University.

#6426

Andrew Murray

1812 - 1878 (66 years)

Andrew Dickson Murray was a Scottish lawyer, botanist, zoologist and entomologist. Murray studied insects which caused crop damage, specialising in the Coleoptera. In botany, he specialised in the Coniferae, in particular the Pacific rim conifer species.

#6427

Robert Edgeworth-Johnstone

1900 - 1994 (94 years)

Robert Edgeworth-Johnstone was a British chemical engineer and inventor. Born in Dublin, he spent 33 years in industry as a chemical engineer and consultant, working overseas in the oil industry. A keen musician, Edgeworth-Johnstone developed the Johnstone flute, a simple version of the instrument made from the aluminium brass tubing used in oil refineries. The instrument's design was admired by renowned flautist James Galway, but Edgeworth-Johnstone did little with the invention until he published details in a 1993 book.

#6428

James Watson

1859 - Present (167 years)

Professor James Robertson Watson was a Scottish chemist and political activist. Born in the Parkhead area of Glasgow, Watson was educated at Parkhead Sessional School, Dennistoun Academy and High School of Glasgow before graduating from the University of Glasgow, then studying at the University of Tübingen, University of Geneva and University of Berlin. In 1889, he returned to Glasgow, where he was appointed as Professor of Chemistry at Anderson's College.

#6429

James Young

1811 - 1883 (72 years)

James Young FRS FRSE FCS DL LLD was a Scottish chemist best known for his method of distilling paraffin from coal and oil shales. He is often referred to as Paraffin Young. Life James Young was born in Shuttle Street in the Drygate area of Glasgow, the son of John Young, a cabinetmaker and joiner, and his wife Jean Wilson.

#6430

Sergey Lebedev

1874 - 1934 (60 years)

Sergei Vasilievich Lebedev was a Russian/Soviet chemist and the inventor of polybutadiene synthetic rubber, the first commercially viable and mass-produced type of synthetic rubber. Biography Lebedev was born in 1874 in Lublin and went to school in Warsaw. In 1900, he graduated from St. Petersburg University and found work at the Petersburg Margarine Factory.

#6431

Ettore Molinari

1867 - 1926 (59 years)

Ettore Molinari was an Italian chemist and anarchist.

#6432

James Gow Black

1835 - 1914 (79 years)

James Gow Black was a New Zealand chemist, mineralogist, lecturer and university professor . He was born in Tomgarrow, Perthshire, Scotland on 10 May 1835, the eldest of seven children of David, quarrier and farmer, and Margaret .

#6433

Nicolas Guibert

1547 - 1620 (73 years)

Nicolas Guibert was a Franco-German physicians and alchemist who later became a fierce critic of alchemy, opposing ideas on transmutation in his major work Alchymia ratione et experientia ita demum viriliter impugnata which prompted a debate. He has been called the "Copernicus of chemistry".

#6434

Thomas Wallace Fagan

1874 - 1951 (77 years)

Thomas Wallace Fagan was an agricultural chemist. Early life and education Fagan was born 4 February 1874 at Talysarn, Caernarvonshire. He was the son of James Fagan and Katherine Griffiths. He started his education at his local school, continued at Denstone college and then moved onto Gonville & Caius college situated in Cambridge, England and graduated in 1898. After graduation, for a short time he became a chemistry master at Abertillery secondary school before going onto studying under two professors Winter and Dobbie at Bangor University. From then on, he had an extensive academic caree...

#6435

Oskar Fischer

1876 - 1942 (66 years)

Oskar Fischer was a Czech academic, psychiatrist and neuropathologist whose studies on dementia and Alzheimer disease were rediscovered in 2008. Early life and education Fischer was born into a German-speaking Jewish family in Slaný in central Bohemia, 25 km northwest of Prague, on 12 April 1876. His father was the manager of an agricultural estate there. He completed primary and secondary education in Slaný. Then he attended the medical schools of both Prague University and Strasbourg University, and graduated from Prague University in 1900.

#6436

Ludwig Ramberg

1874 - 1940 (66 years)

Ludwig Ramberg was the Swedish chemist who discovered in 1940 the Ramberg-Bäcklund reaction, together with his student Birger Bäcklund . Life Ramberg was born in the Swedish city of Helsingborg and studied at the University of Lund, where he received his Ph.D in 1902. He stayed in Lund until 1918 when he became professor at the University of Uppsala. He retired in 1939 and died in Uppsala 1940.

#6437

Paul Taunton Matthews

1919 - 1987 (68 years)

Paul Taunton Matthews CBE FRS was a British theoretical physicist. Biography Matthews was born in Erode in British India, and was educated at Mill Hill School and Clare College, Cambridge, where he was awarded MA and PhD degrees. He was awarded the Adams Prize in 1958, elected to the Royal Society in 1963, and awarded the Rutherford Medal and Prize in 1978. He became head of the Physics Department of Imperial College, London and later vice chancellor of the University of Bath. He was also awarded an Honorary Degree by the University of Bath in 1983. He was also chairman of the Nuclear Physic...

#6438

James Summers

1828 - 1891 (63 years)

James Summers was a British scholar of English literature, hired by the Meiji government of the Empire of Japan to establish an English language curriculum at the Kaisei Gakuin . Early life Summers was born in Lichfield, Staffordshire. His father was a plasterer of limited means, and seems to have left his family some time before James became 10 years old. Summers moved from Bird Street to the Close with his mother and went to the Lichfield Diocesan Training School for about one year from September 1844 to November 1845. He moved again to Stoke-on-Trent with his mother and started his teaching career at a National School there.

#6439

Shankar Purushottam Agharkar

1884 - 1960 (76 years)

Shankar Purushottam Agharkar was an Indian Morphologist. Agharkar obtained his PhD degree from the University of Berlin, Germany. His specialization was in Plant Morphology. He was the Ghosh Professor of Botany at the University of Calcutta; and Founder Director of Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science. He is one of the leading botanists of India. He explored biodiversity of Western Ghats where he came across a species of freshwater jellyfish, which was until then only known to be found in Africa. These findings were published in scientific journal Nature in 1912. Dr. Annandale, the Superintendent of the Indian Museum in Kolkata, helped Dr.

#6440

Harry Walter Tyler

Harry Walter Tyler

1863 - 1938 (75 years)

Harry Walter "H.W." Tyler was an active member of the science and education scholarly communities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. After receiving his Bachelor of Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1884, he taught and served in various administrative positions at the Institute from 1884 until his retirement in 1930.

#6441

Bengt Lidforss

1868 - 1913 (45 years)

Bengt Lidforss was a prominent Swedish botanist, socialist, and an accomplished natural scientist and writer. Biography Lidforss was born in Lund, Sweden, the son of professor and philologist Edvard Lidforss. He studied at the Cathedral School before going to study botany and biology at Lund University under Frederic Areschoug and received his B.A. at nineteen. He studied speciation in the blackberry . In 1892 he spent some time at the University of Tübingen under Albrecht Zimmermann. For his Ph.D. from Lund University he studied elaiospheres in the mesophyll. He noted that the plants that remain green in winter in southern Sweden had little starch in the leaves during winter.

#6442

Leopold Rügheimer

1850 - 1917 (67 years)

Leopold Rügheimer was a notable German chemist whose name is connected to the Staedel-Rugheimer pyrazine synthesis, a reaction that was discovered by himself and Wilhelm Staedel. Rügheimer was born in Walldorf in 1850 as the son of a merchant. He studied at the universities of Leipzig, Würzburg and Tübingen. He died in Kiel in 1917 after a successful academic career.

#6443

Marek Gatty-Kostyal

1886 - 1965 (79 years)

Marek Gatty-Kostyal was a Polish chemist and pharmacist, known for his many contributions to pharmaceutical science.

#6444

James Murray

1923 - 1961 (38 years)

James Murray was an organic chemist at the University of Otago. He was the first twentieth century lichenologist in New Zealand. Career James Murray worked at the University of Otago in Dunedin as a senior lecturer in chemistry.

#6445

Frank Edward Brightman

1856 - 1932 (76 years)

Frank Edward Brightman, FBA was an English scholar and liturgist. Career Brightman was educated at Bristol Grammar school, and became a mathematical scholar at University College London in 1875. He took a first class in mathematical moderations in 1876, and subsequently second classes in classical moderations, humanities and theology, winning the senior Septuagint prize and the Denyer and Johnson scholarship. Following graduation, he was chaplain of University College, and later curate of St John the Divine, Kennington. From 1884 to 1903 he was a librarian of Pusey House, Oxford. In December 1902 he was elected a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, as Theological Tutor.

#6446

John Hutchinson

John Hutchinson

1825 - 1865 (40 years)

John Hutchinson was a chemist and industrialist who established the first chemical factory in Widnes, Lancashire, England. He moved from working in a chemical factory in St Helens and built his own chemical factory in 1847 in the Woodend area of Widnes near to Widnes Dock by the junction of the Sankey Canal and the River Mersey. In this factory he manufactured alkali by the Leblanc process.

#6447

Sandford Arthur Strong

Sandford Arthur Strong

1863 - 1904 (41 years)

Sandford Arthur Strong was an English orientalist, art historian and librarian. Life Born in Kensington in 1863, he was the second son of Thomas Banks Strong of the War Office, and his wife, Anna Lawson; his elder brother was Thomas Banks Strong. In 1877 he entered St Paul's School, London as a foundation scholar, but remained there for little more than a year. His next two years were passed as a clerk at Lloyd's, though during this time he also attended classes at King's College, London. As a boy he had been taught drawing by Albert Varley, who gave him a copy of Matthew Pilkington's Dictionary of Painters, and he frequented the National Gallery.

#6448

Ana Kansky

1895 - 1962 (67 years)

Ana Kansky was a Slovene chemist and chemical engineer noted for being the first person to obtain a doctoral degree at the University of Ljubljana and one of the first female scientists from Slovenia.

#6449

Wilhelm Michler

1846 - 1889 (43 years)

Wilhelm Michler was a German chemist. He studied under Hermann von Fehling and Victor Meyer in Stuttgart and followed Meyer to the ETH Zurich in 1871. Michler became professor at the ETH Zurich in 1878. He left Europe for a journey to study the natural products of South America in August 1881. He reached Brazil and conducted his research between 1882 and his death in 1889. He also became professor at the Escola Politécnica Rio de Janeiro.

#6450

James Franklin

1783 - 1834 (51 years)

James Franklin was a British soldier. He was the brother of Sir John Franklin. James Franklin entered the service of the British East India Company as a cadet in 1805. He served with distinction on various Indian surveys and was elected a member of the Royal Society. He was in the 1st Bengal Cavalry and was an authority on geology. He undertook surveys of the Central Provinces and collected birds for the Asiatic Society. He collected about 40 species before reaching Benares, and on reaching Saugor he had collected 160 more specimens and made paintings of these. In 1831 Franklin published descriptions of the birds that he had collected.

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