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List of the most influential people in Chemistry,

#6651

Gopinath Kartha

1927 - 1984 (57 years)

Gopinath Kartha was a prominent crystallographer of Indian origin. In 1967, he determined the molecular structure of the enzyme ribonuclease. This was the first protein structure elucidated and published in the United States.

#6652

Chi Che Wang

1894 - 1979 (85 years)

Chi Che Wang , also known as Wang Chi-Lian, was a Chinese biochemist and college professor. Wang was one of the first Chinese women to make a career in American higher education and scientific research.

#6653

Jakob Meisenheimer

Jakob Meisenheimer

1876 - 1934 (58 years)

Jakob Meisenheimer was a German chemist. He made numerous contributions to organic chemistry, the most famous being his proposed structure for a group of compounds now named Meisenheimer complex. He also proposed the mechanism of the Beckmann rearrangement. Later in his career, he reported the synthesis of the pyridine-N-oxide.

#6654

R. Norris Shreve

1885 - 1975 (90 years)

Randolph Norris Shreve was a chemical engineer, inventor, entrepreneur, educator and collector. After joining the Purdue University faculty in 1930, he helped to build the university's School of Chemical Engineering, the Purdue-Taiwan Engineering Project, and National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan. He and his wife Eleanor are the namesakes of the Shreve Professorship of Organic Technology and Shreve Residence Hall at Purdue, and Shreve Hall on the Cheng Kung University campus. He is the namesake of the Norris Shreve Award for Outstanding Teaching in Chemical Engineering.

#6655

Richard H. Wilhelm

1909 - 1968 (59 years)

Richard Herman Wilhelm was an American chemical engineer notable for developing a new method of fluid separation called chemical parametric pumping. Wilhelm was also notable for pioneering in the development of fluid beds, which according to Princeton University "revolutionized the petroleum-cracking process". Princeton University established Wilhelm Lectures in his honor. Wilhelm was a member of the National Academy of Engineering Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a chairman of the department of chemical engineering at Princeton University. Princeton University cal...

#6656

Andreas von Antropoff

1878 - 1956 (78 years)

Andreas von Antropoff — Russian and German scientist-chemist, professor at the Bonn University and is known to have coined the term "neutronium" and developed a temporarily and widely used alternative periodic table of elements in 1926.

#6657

Ray Crist

1900 - 2005 (105 years)

Ray Crist was an American chemist who participated in the Manhattan Project. When he retired from teaching at the age of 104 in 2004, Crist is widely believed to have been America's oldest worker at the time.

#6658

Ida Noddack

1896 - 1978 (82 years)

Ida Noddack , née Tacke, was a German chemist and physicist. In 1934 she was the first to mention the idea later named nuclear fission. With her husband Walter Noddack, and Otto Berg, she discovered element 75, rhenium. She was nominated three times for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

#6659

Robert Whytlaw-Gray

1877 - 1958 (81 years)

Robert H. Whytlaw-Gray, OBE, FRS was an English chemist, born in London. He studied at the University of Glasgow and University College London and was Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Leeds. He and William Ramsay isolated radon and studied its physical properties .

#6660

Arnold Beckman

1900 - 2004 (104 years)

Arnold Orville Beckman was an American chemist, inventor, investor, and philanthropist. While a professor at California Institute of Technology, he founded Beckman Instruments based on his 1934 invention of the pH meter, a device for measuring acidity , later considered to have "revolutionized the study of chemistry and biology". He also developed the DU spectrophotometer, "probably the most important instrument ever developed towards the advancement of bioscience". Beckman funded the Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, the first silicon transistor company in California, thus giving rise to Silicon Valley.

#6661

Eger V. Murphree

Eger V. Murphree

1898 - 1962 (64 years)

Eger Vaughan Murphree was an American chemist, best known for his co-invention of the process of fluid catalytic cracking. Biography Murphree was born on November 3, 1898, in Bayonne, New Jersey, moving as a child to Kentucky. He graduated from Kentucky University with degrees in chemistry and mathematics in 1920, and a master's degree in chemistry in 1921. Murphree played college football as Kentucky as a tackle and was captain of the 1920 Kentucky Wildcats football team.

#6662

Moddie Taylor

1912 - 1976 (64 years)

Moddie Daniel Taylor was an African American chemist who specialized in rare earth minerals. He was one of the African American scientists and technicians on the Manhattan Project from 1943 to 1945, working to develop the atomic bomb. For his work on the Manhattan Project, he was awarded a Certificate of Merit Medal for his contributions by Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson.

#6663

James Holmes Sturdivant

1906 - 1972 (66 years)

James Holmes Sturdivant was a chemist who worked for several years as the main research assistant to Linus Pauling at Caltech, starting in 1927. He co-authored some seminal papers with Pauling, and was co-advisor of Robert Eugene Rundle.

#6664

I. K. Taimni

1898 - 1978 (80 years)

I. K. Taimni was a professor of chemistry at the Allahabad University in India, and an influential scholar in the fields of Yoga and Indian philosophy. He was a leader of the Theosophical Society. Taimni authored a number of books on Eastern Philosophy, including a modern interpretation of Patanjali's Yoga Sutras.

#6665

Eduard Buchner

1860 - 1917 (57 years)

Eduard Buchner was a German chemist and zymologist, awarded the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on fermentation. Biography Early years Buchner was born in Munich to a physician and Doctor Extraordinary of Forensic Medicine. His older brother was Hans Ernst August Buchner. In 1884, he began studies of chemistry with Adolf von Baeyer and of botany with Carl Nägeli, at the Botanic Institute in Munich. After a period working with Otto Fischer at the University of Erlangen, Buchner was awarded a doctorate from the University of Munich in 1888 under Theodor Curtius.

#6666

Petre Melikishvili

Petre Melikishvili

1850 - 1927 (77 years)

Petre Melikishvili was a Georgian chemist. He was the co-founder of Tbilisi State University , the first Rector of TSU, Head of the Department of Organic Chemistry , Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Professor at the University of Odessa.

#6667

George E. Davis

George E. Davis

1850 - 1907 (57 years)

George Edward Davis is regarded as the founding father of the discipline of chemical engineering. Life Davis was born at Eton on 27 July 1850, the eldest son of George Davis, a bookseller. At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to a local bookbinder but he abandoned this trade after two years to pursue his interest in chemistry. Davis studied at the Slough Mechanics Institute while working at the local gas works, and then spent a year studying at the Royal School of Mines in London before leaving to work in the chemical industry around Manchester, which at the time was the main centre of...

#6668

Arthur Michael

1853 - 1942 (89 years)

Arthur Michael was an American organic chemist who is best known for the Michael reaction. Life Arthur Michael was born into a wealthy family in Buffalo, New York in 1853, the son of John and Clara Michael, well-off real-estate investor. He was educated in that same city, learning chemistry both from a local teacher and in his own homebuilt laboratory. An illness thwarted Michael's plans to attend Harvard, and instead in 1871 he traveled to Europe with his parents and decided to study in Germany.

#6669

Joseph Proust

1754 - 1826 (72 years)

Joseph Louis Proust was a French chemist. He was best known for his discovery of the law of definite proportions in 1794, stating that chemical compounds always combine in constant proportions. Life Joseph L. Proust was born on September 26, 1754, in Angers, France. His father served as an apothecary in Angers. Joseph studied chemistry in his father's shop and later went to Paris where he gained the appointment of apothecary in chief to the Salpêtrière. He also taught chemistry with Pilâtre de Rozier, a famous aeronaut.

#6670

Vladimir Markovnikov

Vladimir Markovnikov

1838 - 1904 (66 years)

Vladimir Vasilyevich Markovnikov , also spelled as Markownikoff , was a Russian chemist., best known for having developed the Markovnikov's rule, that describes addition reactions of hydrogen halides and alkenes.

#6671

Christopher Kelk Ingold

Christopher Kelk Ingold

1893 - 1970 (77 years)

Sir Christopher Kelk Ingold was a British chemist based in Leeds and London. His groundbreaking work in the 1920s and 1930s on reaction mechanisms and the electronic structure of organic compounds was responsible for the introduction into mainstream chemistry of concepts such as nucleophile, electrophile, inductive and resonance effects, and such descriptors as SN1, SN2, E1, and E2. He also was a co-author of the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules. Ingold is regarded as one of the chief pioneers of physical organic chemistry.

#6672

Carl Schorlemmer

Carl Schorlemmer

1834 - 1892 (58 years)

Carl Schorlemmer FRS was a German chemist who did research on hydrocarbons and contributed to the study of the history of chemistry. Early life and education Schorlemmer was born in 1834, the son of a joiner in Darmstadt. He was able to visit Realschule and later - against the will of his poor father- trade school. Schorlemmer started his training to become a pharmacist in 1853 in Groß-Umstadt. During his training he made own chemical experiments in the laboratory and was interested in astronomy and botany. After two and a half years he passed his exam, became an assistant pharmacist and worked in the Schwanen pharmacy in Heidelberg.

#6673

Frédéric Joliot-Curie

1900 - 1958 (58 years)

Jean Frédéric Joliot-Curie was a French physicist and husband of Irène Joliot-Curie, with whom he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of induced radioactivity. They were the second ever married couple, after his wife's parents, to win the Nobel Prize, adding to the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. Joliot-Curie and his wife also founded the Orsay Faculty of Sciences, part of the Paris-Saclay University.

#6674

Albert Ladenburg

Albert Ladenburg

1842 - 1911 (69 years)

Albert Ladenburg was a German chemist. Early life and education Ladenburg was a member of the well-known Jewish in Mannheim. He was educated at a Realgymnasium at Mannheim and then, after the age of 15, at the technical school of Karlsruhe, where he studied mathematics and modern languages. He then proceeded to the University of Heidelberg where he studied chemistry and physics with Robert Bunsen. He also studied physics in Berlin. He got his Ph.D. in Heidelberg.

#6675

Charles Frédéric Gerhardt

Charles Frédéric Gerhardt

1816 - 1856 (40 years)

Charles Frédéric Gerhardt was a French chemist, born in Alsace and active in Paris, Montpellier, and his native Strasbourg. Biography He was born in Strasbourg, which is where he attended the gymnasium . He then studied at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, where Friedrich Walchner's lectures first stimulated his interest in chemistry. Next he attended the school of commerce in Leipzig, where he studied chemistry under Otto Linné Erdmann, who further developed his interest into a passion for questions of speculative chemistry.

#6676

Hans Christian Ørsted

Hans Christian Ørsted

1777 - 1851 (74 years)

Hans Christian Ørsted was a Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism. Oersted's law and the oersted unit are named after him.

#6677

Alexander Crum Brown

Alexander Crum Brown

1838 - 1922 (84 years)

Alexander Crum Brown FRSE FRS was a Scottish organic chemist. Alexander Crum Brown Road in Edinburgh's King's Buildings complex is named after him. Early life and education Crum Brown was born at 4 Bellevue Terrace in Edinburgh. His mother, Margaret Fisher Crum , was the sister of the chemist Walter Crum, and his father, Rev Dr John Brown , was minister of Broughton Place Church in the east end of Edinburgh's New Town. His half brother was the physician and essayist John Brown.

#6678

Nikolaus Riehl

1901 - 1990 (89 years)

Nikolaus Riehl was a German nuclear physicist. He was head of the scientific headquarters of Auergesellschaft. When the Russians entered Berlin near the end of World War II, he was invited to the Soviet Union, where he stayed for 10 years. For his work on the Soviet atomic bomb project, he was awarded a Stalin Prize, Lenin Prize, and Order of the Red Banner of Labor. When he was repatriated to Germany in 1955, he chose to go to West Germany, where he joined Heinz Maier-Leibnitz on his nuclear reactor staff at Technische Hochschule München ; Riehl made contributions to the nuclear facility Forschungsreaktor München .

#6679

Johann Josef Loschmidt

Johann Josef Loschmidt

1821 - 1895 (74 years)

Johann Josef Loschmidt , who mostly called himself Josef Loschmidt , was a notable Austrian scientist who performed ground-breaking work in chemistry, physics , and crystal forms. Born in Karlsbad, a town in the Austrian Empire , Loschmidt became professor of physical chemistry at the University of Vienna in 1868.

#6680

Marcellin Berthelot

Marcellin Berthelot

1827 - 1907 (80 years)

Pierre Eugène Marcellin Berthelot was a French chemist and Republican politician noted for the ThomsenBerthelot principle of thermochemistry. He synthesized many organic compounds from inorganic substances, providing a large amount of counter-evidence to the theory of Jöns Jakob Berzelius that organic compounds required organisms in their synthesis. Berthelot was convinced that chemical synthesis would revolutionize the food industry by the year 2000, and that synthesized foods would replace farms and pastures. "Why not", he asked, "if it proved cheaper and better to make the same materials ...

#6681

Johan Gadolin

1760 - 1852 (92 years)

Johan Gadolin was a Finnish chemist, physicist and mineralogist. Gadolin discovered a "new earth" containing the first rare-earth compound yttrium, which was later determined to be a chemical element. He is also considered the founder of Finnish chemistry research, as the second holder of the Chair of Chemistry at the Royal Academy of Turku . Gadolin was ennobled for his achievements and awarded the Order of Saint Vladimir and the Order of Saint Anna.

#6682

William Odling

1829 - 1921 (92 years)

William Odling, FRS was an English chemist who contributed to the development of the periodic table. In the 1860s Odling, like many chemists, was working towards classifying the elements, an effort that would eventually lead to the periodic table of elements. He was intrigued by atomic weights and the periodic occurrence of chemical properties. William Odling and Lothar Meyer drew up tables similar, but with improvements on, Dmitri Mendeleev's original table. Odling drew up a table of elements using repeating units of seven elements, which bears a striking resemblance to Mendeleev's first table.

#6683

Eilhard Mitscherlich

Eilhard Mitscherlich

1794 - 1863 (69 years)

Eilhard Mitscherlich was a German chemist, who is perhaps best remembered today for his discovery of the phenomenon of crystallographic isomorphism in 1819. Early life and work Mitscherlich was born at Neuende in the Lordship of Jever, where his father was pastor. His uncle, Christoph Wilhelm Mitscherlich , professor at the University of Göttingen, was in his day a celebrated scholar. Eilhard Mitscherlich was educated at Jever by the historian Friedrich Christoph Schlosser, and in 1811 went to the University of Heidelberg devoting himself to philology, with an emphasis on the Persian language.

#6684

Karl Friedrich Mohr

Karl Friedrich Mohr

1806 - 1879 (73 years)

Karl Friedrich Mohr was a German chemist famous for his early statement of the principle of the conservation of energy. Ammonium iron sulfate, 2Fe2.6H2O, is named Mohr's salt after him. Life Mohr was born in 1806 into the family of a prosperous druggist in Koblenz. The young Mohr received much of his early education at home, a great part of it in his father's laboratory. This experience may be responsible for much of the skill Mohr later showed in devising instruments and methods of chemical analysis. At the age of twenty-one he began to study chemistry under Leopold Gmelin, and, after five y...

#6685

Arthur Amos Noyes

Arthur Amos Noyes

1866 - 1936 (70 years)

Arthur Amos Noyes was an American chemist, inventor and educator, born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, son of Amos and Anna Page Noyes, née Andrews. He received a PhD in 1890 from Leipzig University under the guidance of Wilhelm Ostwald.

#6686

Hans von Euler-Chelpin

Hans von Euler-Chelpin

1873 - 1964 (91 years)

Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin was a German-born Swedish biochemist. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1929 with Arthur Harden for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and enzymes. He was a professor of general and organic chemistry at Stockholm University and the director of its Institute for organic-chemical research . Euler-Chelpin was distantly related to Leonhard Euler. He married chemist Astrid Cleve, the daughter of the Uppsala chemist Per Teodor Cleve. In 1970, their son Ulf von Euler, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

#6687

Henry Louis Le Chatelier

Henry Louis Le Chatelier

1850 - 1936 (86 years)

Henry Louis Le Chatelier was a French chemist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He devised Le Chatelier's principle, used by chemists and chemical engineers to predict the effect a changing condition has on a system in chemical equilibrium.

#6688

Lothar Meyer

1830 - 1895 (65 years)

Meyer was a distinguished German chemist who some historians feel deserves credit for the invention of the periodic table of the elements. He was born in Varel, a small town in the Duchy of Oldenburg, the son of a physician. After graduating from Gymnasium (secondary school) in Oldenburg, the young Lothar (he never used his first given name) studied medicine at the University of Zurich with Carl Ludwig and at the University of Würzburg with Rudolf Virchow. In 1854, Meyer transferred to the University of Heidelberg, where he studied chemistry with Robert Bunsen (of Bunsen burner fame). Intrig...

#6689

Henry Edward Armstrong

Henry Edward Armstrong

1848 - 1937 (89 years)

Henry Edward Armstrong FRS FRSE was a British chemist. Although Armstrong was active in many areas of scientific research, such as the chemistry of naphthalene derivatives, he is remembered today largely for his ideas and work on the teaching of science. Armstrong's acid is named for him.

#6690

Frederick G. Donnan

Frederick G. Donnan

1870 - 1956 (86 years)

Frederick George Donnan CBE FRS FRSE was a British-Irish physical chemist who is known for his work on membrane equilibria, and commemorated in the Donnan equilibrium describing ionic transport in cells. He spent most of his career at University College London.

#6691

Edward W. Morley

Edward W. Morley

1838 - 1923 (85 years)

Edward Williams Morley was an American scientist known for his precise and accurate measurement of the atomic weight of oxygen, and for the Michelson–Morley experiment. Biography Morley was born in Newark, New Jersey, to Anna Clarissa Treat and the Reverend Sardis Brewster Morley. Both parents were of early colonial ancestry and of purely British origin. He grew up in West Hartford, Connecticut. During his childhood, he suffered much from ill health and was therefore educated by his father at home until the age of nineteen.

#6692

Norman Haworth

1883 - 1950 (67 years)

Sir Walter Norman Haworth FRS was a British chemist best known for his groundbreaking work on ascorbic acid while working at the University of Birmingham. He received the 1937 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C". The prize was shared with Swiss chemist Paul Karrer for his work on other vitamins.

#6693

Kurt Alder

1902 - 1958 (56 years)

Kurt Alder was a German chemist and Nobel laureate. Biography Alder was born in the industrial area of Königshütte, Silesia , where he received his early schooling. Alder left the area when Königshütte became part of Poland in 1922. He studied chemistry at the University of Berlin from 1922, and later at the University of Kiel where his PhD was awarded in 1926 for work supervised by Otto Paul Hermann Diels.

#6694

Friedrich Bergius

Friedrich Bergius

1884 - 1949 (65 years)

Friedrich Karl Rudolf Bergius was a German chemist known for the Bergius process for producing synthetic fuel from coal, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in recognition of contributions to the invention and development of chemical high-pressure methods. Having worked with IG Farben during World War II, his citizenship came into question following the war, causing him to ultimately flee to Argentina, where he acted as adviser to the Ministry of Industry.

#6695

Eugen Baumann

1846 - 1896 (50 years)

Eugen Baumann was a German chemist. He was one of the first people to create polyvinyl chloride , and, together with Carl Schotten, he discovered the Schotten-Baumann reaction. Life Baumann was born in Cannstatt, which is now part of Stuttgart. After he attended a gymnasium in Stuttgart, he was educated in the pharmacy of his father. During his time in Stuttgart, he attended the lectures of Hermann von Fehling at the University of Stuttgart.

#6696

Ludwig Gattermann

Ludwig Gattermann

1860 - 1920 (60 years)

Ludwig Gattermann was a German chemist who contributed significantly to both organic and inorganic chemistry. Early life Ludwig Gatterman was born on 20 April 1860 in Goslar, an old mining town north of the Harz mountains. Two of his three siblings died at a young age.

#6697

Alexander Frumkin

1895 - 1976 (81 years)

Alexander Naumovich Frumkin was a Russian/Soviet electrochemist, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1932, founder of the Russian Journal of Electrochemistry Elektrokhimiya and receiver of the Hero of Socialist Labor award. The Russian Academy of Sciences' A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry is named after him.

#6698

Ernst David Bergmann

Ernst David Bergmann

1903 - 1975 (72 years)

Ernst David Bergmann was an Israeli nuclear scientist and chemist. He is often considered the father of the Israeli nuclear program. Biography Ernst David Bergmann was born in Germany, His father, Judah Bergmann, was a rabbi. He studied chemistry at the University of Berlin under Wilhelm Schlenk. He was awarded his Ph.D. in 1927. Bergmann continued to work at the university and wrote the "Comprehensive Manual of Organic Chemistry" together with Schlenk. The two-volume manual was published in 1932 and 1939, respectively; however, because Bergmann was Jewish his name to be removed from the tit...

#6699

Fritz Pregl

1869 - 1930 (61 years)

Fritz Pregl , was a Slovenian-Austrian chemist and physician from a mixed Slovene-German-speaking background. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1923 for making important contributions to quantitative organic microanalysis, one of which was the improvement of the combustion train technique for elemental analysis.

#6700

Hans Theodor Bucherer

1869 - 1949 (80 years)

Hans Theodor Bucherer was a German chemist and gave name to several chemical reactions, for example the Bucherer carbazole synthesis, the Bucherer reaction, and the Bucherer–Bergs reaction Life Bucherer started studying chemistry at the University of Munich, University of Karlsruhe and later with Johannes Wislicenus at the University of Leipzig. After he received his Ph.D in 1893 he worked at BASF. He became professor at Technical University of Dresden in 1901 changed to the Technical University of Berlin in 1913 and became professor at the Technical University of Munich in 1926.

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