The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
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List of the most influential people in Chemistry,
#6801
Sven-Olov Lawesson
1926 - 1988 (62 years)
Sven-Olov Lawesson was a Swedish chemist known for his popularization of Lawesson's reagent within the chemical community. He is also known for his 1982 work exploring the possibility of a connection between recreational use of amyl nitrite and an increased incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men.
Go to Profile#6802
Wilhelm Weith
1844 - 1881 (37 years)
Wilhelm Weith was a German-Swiss chemist. He studied chemistry at the polytechnic institute in Zürich and at the University of Heidelberg, receiving his doctorate in 1865 from the University of Zürich. Shortly afterwards, he obtained his habilitation and became a lecturer at both the polyclinic and university. At Zürich, he often served as a substitute teacher for chemist Georg Städeler. In 1871 he became an associate professor of chemistry, followed by a full professorship in 1874. He died from an illness during a stay in Ajaccio, Corsica on 28 November 1881, aged 35.
Go to Profile#6803
Gustavus Detlef Hinrichs
1836 - 1923 (87 years)
Gustavus Detlef Hinrichs was a chemist and natural philosopher most widely known for his findings on periodic laws within the chemical elements. Life Hinrichs was born in 1836 in Lunden in the Duchy of Holstein, which at that time was under the rule of Denmark although it was simultaneously part of the German Confederation. He attended the local polytechnic school and the University of Copenhagen. During his schooling he published several articles and books, including descriptions of the magnetic field of Earth and its interaction with the aether.
Go to Profile#6804
Karl Hugo Huppert
1832 - 1904 (72 years)
Karl Hugo Huppert was a German chemist and physician. Life and achievements Karl Hugo Huppert, son of a wood turner and merchant, Christian Huppert, studied in Leipzig as a pupil of Karl Gotthelf Lehmann , and also at the University of Jena. In 1860 he was appointed head of the chemical laboratory of the Jakob Hospital in Leipzig. In 1862 he took his doctoral examination in medicine, and in the same year acquired his postdoctoral qualification in biochemistry and was in charge of what was then called the “zoochemisches laboratorium”.
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Frederick G. Keyes
1919 - 1985 (66 years)
Frederick George Keyes was an American physical chemist. Keyes was most notable for inventing a method to sterilize milk using ultraviolet rays, and discovering that ultraviolet rays kill germs. According to the National Academies Press, Keyes was also notable for "advances in thermodynamics, equations of state of gases, and thermodynamic properties, in particular liquid water and steam".
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Wilhelm Fleischmann
1837 - 1920 (83 years)
Wilhelm Fleischmann was a German agriculturist and chemist. He is known for his work on the chemistry of milk. Biography He received his education at Nuremberg, Würzburg, Erlangen and Munich. In Justus von Liebig's laboratory in 1862, he began work on agricultural chemistry, and in 1864-67 while teaching in the Realschule at Memmingen conducted experiments there. From 1867 to 1876, he was principal of the Realschule at Lindau and for the following 10 years directed the first dairy experiment station of Germany, in the vicinity of Lalendorf, Mecklenburg. From 1886 to 1896, he was director of the Agricultural Institute at Königsberg and of that at Göttingen after 1896.
Go to Profile#6807
John Young Buchanan
1844 - 1925 (81 years)
John Young Buchanan FRSE FRS FCS was a Scottish chemist, oceanographer and Arctic explorer. He was an important part of the Challenger Expedition. Life He was born in Partickhill, Glasgow on 20 February 1844, the son of Jane Young and her husband, John Buchanan of Dowanhill, a relatively affluent landowner. His brother was the statesman Thomas Ryburn Buchanan.
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Antonio Luna
1866 - 1899 (33 years)
Antonio Narciso Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta was a Filipino army general who fought in the Philippine–American War before his assassination on June 5, 1899 at the age of 32. Regarded as one of the fiercest generals of his time, he succeeded Artemio Ricarte as the Commanding General of the Philippine Army. He sought to apply his background in military science to the fledgling army. A sharpshooter himself, he organized professional guerrilla soldiers later named the "Luna Sharpshooters" and the "Black Guard" with Senyor Michael Joaquin. His three-tier defense, now known as the Luna Defen...
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Ludwig Barth zu Barthenau
1839 - 1890 (51 years)
Ludwig Barth zu Barthenau was an Austrian chemist born in Rovereto. He studied under Justus von Liebig in Munich, and in 1867 was appointed professor of chemistry at the University of Innsbruck. In 1876 he succeeded Heinrich Hlasiwetz as professor of chemistry at the University of Vienna.
Go to Profile#6810
James Cumming
1777 - 1861 (84 years)
James Cumming was the ninth Professor of Chemistry in Cambridge from 1815 to 1860. Cumming is remembered for his research-led teaching and his lectures during which he would literally shock the audience with a galvanic apparatus. He was also known to electrocute a cat during a demonstration.
Go to Profile#6811
William Arthur Bone
1871 - 1938 (67 years)
William Arthur Bone, FRS was a British fuel technologist and chemist. Biography Bone was born in Stockton-on-Tees, the son of Christopher Bone, a tea merchant, and his wife Mary Elizabeth. He was educated at Middlesbrough High School, the Ackworth Quaker school and Stockton High School. After a year at the Leys School, Cambridge he studied Chemistry and Physics at Owens College, Manchester , followed by a scholarship year at the University of Heidelberg.
Go to Profile#6812
James Woodhouse
1770 - 1809 (39 years)
James Woodhouse was an American surgeon and chemist. Biography He was the son of English emigrants to the United States. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1787, and from its medical department in 1792. In 1791 he served as a surgeon in General Arthur St. Clair's expedition against the western Indians. When Joseph Priestley declined to accept the chair of chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania in 1795, Woodhouse received the appointment, which he held until his death.
Go to Profile#6813
H. C. Zen
1886 - 1961 (75 years)
H. C. Zen was a Chinese politician, academic and educator who served as president of National Sichuan University from 1935–1937. He was a professor of Chemistry and served as vice president of what is now Nanjing University from 1923–1925. He was a founding member of the Science Society of China, a major science organization in the modern history of China initiated by Chinese students at Cornell University in 1914, and served as its president from 1914 to 1923.
Go to Profile#6814
Heinrich Debus
1824 - 1916 (92 years)
#6815
Hieronymous Theodor Richter
1824 - 1898 (74 years)
Hieronymus Theodor Richter was a German chemist. He was born in Dresden. In 1863, while working at the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, he co-discovered indium with Ferdinand Reich. He was also a member of the student fraternity "Corps Saxo-Borussia Freiberg". In 1875, he became the director of the Mining Academy in Freiberg.
Go to Profile#6816
Robert Empie Rogers
1813 - 1884 (71 years)
Robert Empie Rogers was a United States chemist. Biography Rogers was born in Baltimore, Maryland on March 29, 1813. The youngest of four brothers, he was educated first under the care of his father, and then by his elder brothers. It was intended that he should be a civil engineer, and for a time he acted as assistant in the survey of the Boston and Providence Railroad, but he abandoned this in 1833.
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Francis Patrick Dwyer
1910 - 1962 (52 years)
Francis Patrick John Dwyer FAA was Professor of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra. He was one of the most distinguished scientists Australia has produced. At the time of his death in 1962 he was widely recognised as a leading authority in inorganic chemistry, and had laid the foundation in Australia for a new field of research bridging science and medicine—biological inorganic chemistry. His influence as a teacher and as a researcher was widespread.
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Jacques-Louis Soret
1827 - 1890 (63 years)
Jacques-Louis Soret was a Swiss chemist and spectroscopist. He studied both spectroscopy and electrolysis. Career Soret held the chairs of chemistry and medical physics at the University of Geneva.
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Robert Hare
1781 - 1858 (77 years)
Robert Hare was an early American chemist and professor. Biography Hare was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on January 17, 1781. He developed and experimented with the oxy-hydrogen blowpipe, with Edward Daniel Clarke of Oxford, shortly after 1800. He married Harriett Clark and had six children. In 1802, Hare was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society. He was a professor at the University of Pennsylvania between 1810 and 1812 and between 1818 and 1847. By the 1820s, Hare had developed the "galvanic deflagrator", a type of voltaic battery having large plates used for producing rapid and powerful combustion.
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John Christopher Draper
1835 - 1885 (50 years)
John Christopher Draper was an American chemist and surgeon. He was a son of multidisciplinary scientist John William Draper and a brother of astronomer Henry Draper. Life and work Draper was born at Christiansville . His father, John William Draper, was an accomplished doctor, chemist, astronomer, botanist, and professor at New York University. Draper's mother, Antonia Coetana de Paiva Pereira Gardner, was a daughter of the personal physician to the John VI of Portugal and Charlotte of Spain.
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Josef Redtenbacher
1810 - 1870 (60 years)
Josef Redtenbacher was an Austrian chemist born in Kirchdorf an der Krems, Upper Austria. He was a brother to entomologist Ludwig Redtenbacher . He studied medicine and botany at the University of Vienna, and was influenced by the work of mineralogist Friedrich Mohs. After graduation, he remained in Vienna as an assistant to chemist Joseph Franz von Jacquin. He later travelled to Germany, where he studied mineralogy under Heinrich Rose in Berlin and organic chemistry with Justus von Liebig at the University of Giessen.
Go to Profile#6822
Boris Rajewsky
1893 - 1974 (81 years)
Boris Rajewsky was a Russian-born German biophysicist, who was one of the most influential researchers on the impact of radiation on living organisms in the 20th century. He served as Rector of the Goethe University Frankfurt from 1949 to 1951.
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Oswald Schmiedeberg
1838 - 1921 (83 years)
Johann Ernst Oswald Schmiedeberg was a Baltic German pharmacologist. In 1866 he earned his medical doctorate from the University of Dorpat with a thesis concerning the measurement of chloroform in blood, before becoming the first professor of pharmacology at the University of Strasbourg, where he remained for 46 years.
Go to Profile#6824
Agnes Fay Morgan
1884 - 1968 (84 years)
Agnes Fay Morgan was an American chemist and academic. She was the longtime chair of the home economics program at the University of California. Her program was strongly grounded in science, and students admitted into the program were required to have a level of science education that was not typical of home economics programs at the time. Morgan was one of the earliest married female college professors in the United States.
Go to Profile#6825
Friedrich Wilhelm Hermann Delffs
1812 - 1894 (82 years)
Friedrich Wilhelm Hermann Delffs was a German chemist. He studied natural sciences at the University of Kiel, receiving his doctorate in 1834. In 1840 he obtained his habilitation at the University of Heidelberg, where in 1843 he became an associate professor. From 1853 he was a full professor of chemistry at Heidelberg, being given the status of professor emeritus in 1889. At Heidelberg he gave classes in pharmaceutical, organic and physiological chemistry.
Go to Profile#6826
Heinrich Bertsch
1897 - 1981 (84 years)
Heinrich Gottlob Bertsch was a German chemist. He is considered the inventor of the world's first fully synthetic detergent. Life The son of an elementary school teacher, he attended the Oberrealschule in Ludwigsburg, where he graduated from high school in 1916. After his military service in World War I, he studied chemical technology from 1919 at the Technical University of Stuttgart and completed his studies with a diploma examination in 1921 and a doctorate in engineering in 1922. After initial positions in Stuttgart and Dresden, he took up a position as a chemist at H. Th. Böhme AG in Chemnitz on 1 August 1924, where he initially researched in the field of textile auxiliaries.
Go to Profile#6827
Stéphane Leduc
1853 - 1939 (86 years)
Stéphane Leduc was a French biologist who sought to contribute to understanding of the chemical and physical mechanisms of life. He was a scientist in the fledgling field of synthetic biology, particularly in relation to diffusion and osmosis. He was a professor at the École de Médecine de Nantes and worked on osmotic crystallisation and the physiological effects of electric current. He was an Officier de la Légion d'honneur.
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Heinrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Wackenroder
1798 - 1854 (56 years)
Heinrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Wackenroder was a German chemist. Career and work In June, 1826 Wackenroder published his doctoral dissertation, “On Anthelminthics in the Vegetable Kingdom,” presented to Göttingen University, which earned him praise, and the Royal Prize.
Go to Profile#6829
Tomas Batuecas
1893 - 1972 (79 years)
Tomás Batuecas Marugán was a Spanish chemist, most notable for his work on atomic weights of the elements. Batuecas was a professor of chemistry and vice-chancellor of the University of Santiago de Compostela.
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John Kidd
1775 - 1851 (76 years)
John Kidd was an English physician, chemist and geologist who took a leading role in Oxford's "scientific awakening" in the early years of the nineteenth century. Biography Kidd was born in Westminster, the son of a naval officer, and was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He became reader in chemistry at Oxford in 1801, and in 1803 was elected the first Aldrichian Professor of Chemistry. He then voluntarily gave courses of lectures on mineralogy and geology. These were delivered in the dark chambers under the Ashmolean Museum, where William Conybeare, William Buckland, Charles Daubeny and others gained their first lessons in geology.
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Alexander Nicolaus Scherer
1771 - 1824 (53 years)
Alexander Nicolaus Scherer was a Russian-German chemist and pharmacologist. In 1794 he graduated from the University of Jena, later serving as a lecturer at the gymnasium in Weimar. In 1800 he was appointed a professor of physics at the University of Halle, shortly afterwards working as a manager at a stoneware factory in Potsdam. In 1803 he relocated to the University of Dorpat as a professor of chemistry, and during the following year returned to St. Petersburg as a professor of chemistry and pharmacy at the medico-surgical academy. In 1815 he became a full member of the St. Petersburg Acad...
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C. P. Snow
1905 - 1980 (75 years)
Charles Percy Snow, Baron Snow, was an English novelist and physical chemist who also served in several important positions in the British Civil Service and briefly in the UK government. He is best known for his series of novels known collectively as Strangers and Brothers, and for The Two Cultures, a 1959 lecture in which he laments the gulf between scientists and "literary intellectuals".
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George Wilson
1818 - 1859 (41 years)
George Wilson PRSSA FRSE was a 19th-century Scottish chemist and author. He was Regius Professor of Technology at the University of Edinburgh, and the first Director of the Industrial Museum of Scotland.
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Henry Paul Talbot
1864 - 1927 (63 years)
Henry Paul Talbot was an American chemist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He made a significant contribution to the university's reputation in research and teaching. Life Talbot earned a bachelor's degree in analytical chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1885. He then worked as a scientific assistant, then as an analytical chemistry instructor at MIT and then continued is education at the Leipzig University. There he earned his Ph.D. in 1890, studying organic and physical chemistry. He then returned to MIT to continue working as an instructor.
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Johann Schweigger
1779 - 1857 (78 years)
Johann Salomo Christoph Schweigger was a German chemist, physicist, and professor of mathematics born in Erlangen. J.S.C.Schweigger was the son of Friedrich Christian Lorenz Schweigger, professor of theologie in Erlangen . He studied philosophy in Erlangen. His PhD involved the Homeric Question revived at that time by Friedrich August Wolf. Johann Tobias Mayer, Georg Friedrich Hildebrandt and Karl Christian von Langsdorf convinced him to switch to physics and chemistry and he lectured on this subjects in Erlangen until 1803 before taking a position as schoolteacher in Bayreuth and in 1811 in Nuremberg.
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Julius Tröger
1862 - 1942 (80 years)
Julius Tröger was a German chemist. Tröger studied at the University of Leipzig from 1882 till 1888. During his Ph.D. he synthesized in 1887 2,8-dimethyl-6H,12H-5,11-methanodibenzo-[b,f][1,5]diazocine from p-toluidine and formaldehyde. This substance is now known as the Tröger's base. Because he was not able to give a structure of the new compound Johannes Wislicenus, the new director of the department, assigned a mediocre grade for Trögers thesis. It took another 48 years to confirm the structure of Tröger's base. In 1888 he started working at the Braunschweig University of Technology where he stayed until his retirement in 1928.
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Alexander Vinogradov
1895 - 1975 (80 years)
Alexander Pavlovich Vinogradov was a Soviet geochemist, academician , and Hero of Socialist Labour . In 1928, he took up a position as assistant professor in the laboratory for biogeochemical problems of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
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Marc-Auguste Pictet
1752 - 1825 (73 years)
Marc-Auguste Pictet was a Swiss scientific journalist and experimental natural philosopher. Pictet's main contribution to learning was his editing of the scientific section of the Bibliothèque Britannique , a publication devoted to the diffusion on the Continent of knowledge and arts produced in Great Britain. His own scientific research focused on the fields of physical science, especially calorimetry, but also astronomy, geology, meteorology and technology, especially chronometry and the manufacture of fine earthenware.
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Josephine Silone Yates
1859 - 1912 (53 years)
Josephine Silone Yates was an American professor, writer, public speaker, and activist. She trained in chemistry and became one of the first black professors hired at Lincoln University in Jefferson City, Missouri. Upon her promotion, she became the first black woman to head a college science department. She may have been the first black woman to hold a full professorship at any U.S. college or university.
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Jean-Baptiste-Michel Bucquet
1746 - 1780 (34 years)
Jean-Baptiste-Michel Bucquet was a French chemist, member of the French Royal Academy of Sciences, physician and public teacher. Life and work Bucquet was born in Paris, in 1746. He was first sent to study law but he then turned to science and attended classes at the Faculty of Medicine in Paris. There he encountered for the first time chemistry applied to medicine. Despite financial trouble, he graduated in 1770 and thus became Docteur-Régent, and married Marie Claude Leredde shortly after. He then started teaching a public course in chemistry in his own laboratory. Between 1771 and 1773, Bu...
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Philipp Lorenz Geiger
1785 - 1836 (51 years)
Philipp Lorenz Geiger was a German pharmacist and chemist known for his work with plant alkaloids. From the age of 14 he worked as an apprentice pharmacist in Adelsheim, followed by pharmacy training as an assistant in Heidelberg, Rastatt and Karlsruhe. Around 1811 he took over management of a pharmacy in Lörrach, then from 1814 to 1821, was associated with the pharmacy at the University of Heidelberg. In the meantime he obtained his PhD and habilitation . In 1824 he was named an associate professor, an appointment that was made against the will of Leopold Gmelin, a professor of chemistry at...
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G. Frederick Smith
1891 - 1976 (85 years)
George Frederick Smith was an early American researcher and advocate of the use of perchloric acid and perchlorate salts in analytical chemistry. He authored and co-authored many scholarly papers and textbooks on the subject.
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Hermann Pauly
1870 - 1950 (80 years)
Hermann Pauly was a German chemist and inventor. He is known for the Pauly reaction, a chemical test used for detecting the presence of tyrosine or histidine in proteins. Early years Hermann Pauly was born in Deutz on 18 July 1870. His father was Friedrich Hermann Pauly, a mine director, and his mother was Henriette Wintgens . He graduated from the Adolfinum Moers Hermann secondary school, then studied natural sciences at the University of Giessen in Hesse, Leipzig University and the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn. He became a member of the Corps Teutonia Bonn in 1890. He s...
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William S. Clark
1826 - 1886 (60 years)
William Smith Clark was an American professor of chemistry, botany, and zoology; a colonel during the American Civil War; and a leader in agricultural education. Raised and schooled in Easthampton, Massachusetts, Clark spent most of his adult life in Amherst, Massachusetts. He graduated from Amherst College in 1848 and obtained a doctorate in chemistry from Georgia Augusta University in Göttingen in 1852. He then served as professor of chemistry at Amherst College from 1852 to 1867. During the Civil War, he was granted leave from Amherst to serve with the 21st Regiment Massachusetts Volunt...
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Wallace R. Brode
1900 - 1974 (74 years)
Wallace Reed Brode was an American chemist. He was president of the American Chemical Society in 1969 and of the Optical Society of America in 1961. He received the Priestley Medal in 1960. Biography Brode was born in Walla Walla, Washington, one of male triplets, the others being brothers Malcolm and Robert, each of whom became a distinguished scientist. He also had another older brother, Stanley. His father, Howard, was a biology professor at Whitman College, where Brode would earn his D.Sc. in 1921. While studying for his Ph.D. at University of Illinois under Roger Adams, he developed a li...
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Jules Piccard
1840 - 1933 (93 years)
Jules Piccard, also known as Julius Piccard was a Swiss chemist. He was the father of twins Auguste Piccard and Jean Felix Piccard , both renowned balloonists. He studied chemistry at the University of Heidelberg as a student of Robert Bunsen, receiving his doctorate in 1862. Shortly afterwards, he obtained his habilitation at the polytechnical institute in Zürich. From 1869 to 1903 he was a professor of chemistry at the University of Basel.
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David Paver Mellor
1903 - 1980 (77 years)
David Paver Mellor was an Australian inorganic chemist, and was the Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of New South Wales from 1955 to 1969. Publications Mellor, D. P., 'The Development of Coordination Chemistry in Australia', Records of the Australian Academy of Science, vol. 3, no. 2, 1976. Mellor, D.P., 'Obituary: Richard Thomas Baker', Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, vol. 76, 1942. Mellor, D.P., 'Founders of Australian Chemistry. Archibald Liversidge', The Royal Australian Chemical Institute Proceedings, vol. 24, August 1957, Mellor, D.P., 'H.
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Adolph Ferdinand Duflos
1802 - 1889 (87 years)
Adolph Ferdinand Duflos was a French-born, German pharmacist and chemist. Orphaned at a young age due to the loss of both parents, he was taken in by his uncle, a French military physician. After his uncle's death during the Russian campaign of 1812, he was adopted by the rector of the lyceum in Torgau. From 1830 to 1833 he studied natural sciences and chemistry at the University of Halle, afterwards working as a pharmacist's assistant, then serving as director of a chemical factory in Breslau. In 1842 he obtained his habilitation, and soon afterwards was named director of the pharmacy institute at the University of Breslau.
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Benjamin Silliman Jr.
1816 - 1885 (69 years)
Benjamin Silliman Jr. was a professor of chemistry at Yale University and instrumental in developing the petroleum industry. His father Benjamin Silliman Sr., also a famous Yale chemist, developed the process of fractional distillation that enabled the economical production of kerosene. In 1855, Silliman Jr. wrote a report for $526.08 on Pennsylvania rock oil and its usefulness as an illuminant that convinced investors to back George Bissell's search for oil.
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Armand Gautier
1837 - 1920 (83 years)
Emile Justin Armand Gautier was a French biochemist and dietitian. Chemistry He studied medicine and sciences at the University of Montpellier, where from 1858 he worked as a préparateur of chemistry. In 1862 he received his medical doctorate in Paris, and for several years worked as an assistant under chemist Charles-Adolphe Wurtz. In 1869 he became an associate professor and assistant director in Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville's laboratory at the Sorbonne, then from 1875 to 1884, he served as deputy director at the laboratory of chemical biology. In 1884 he succeeded Wurtz as professor...
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