The Most Influential People Across History

Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines

Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.

Students and researchers now have a fast and reliable way to find influential thinkers from 24 disciplines and 300 sub-disciplines (and growing). If you want to find history’s most influential philsosophers, or the world’s most influential mathematicians currently, now you can.

We also provide custom rankings of people by discipline as well as interviews with influential academics who are currently active.

To use this tool, select the discipline (and optional subdiscipline) relevant to your research, and specify influential academics by history, world, or US. Even results that are counterintuitive are often enlightening (our algorithm always picks up a signal).

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List of the most influential people in Earth Sciences,

#2951

Frank C. Whitmore Jr.

#190814
Overall Influence
1915 - 2012 (97 years)
Frank Clifford Whitmore Jr. was an American geologist including chief of the Military Geology Unit of the United States Geological Survey, vertebrate paleontologist with the Paleontology and Stratigraphy Branch of the United States Geological Survey, awardee of the Medal of Freedom, fellow of the Geological Society of America, fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Penrose Medal citationist, awardee of the Thomas Jefferson Medal for Outstanding Contributions to Natural Science, Honorable Kentucky Colonel, member of the National Geographic Society Committee for Rese...
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#2952

Richard L. Morrill

#80777
Overall Influence
1939 - Present (87 years)
Richard Leslie Morrill has served as president of several American colleges and universities. He currently holds the positions of Chancellor and Distinguished University Professor of Ethics and Democratic Values at the University of Richmond.
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#2953

Alan Gillett

#176694
Overall Influence
1930 - Present (96 years)
Alan Henry Puckridge Gillett, OBE is a chartered surveyor who became Master of the Worshipful Company of Chartered Surveyors. Upon retiring from that occupation in 1995, he became Chairman of the Ealing Hospital NHS Trust and was a visiting professor at Kingston University. He has been active in a variety of other associations and, in 2008, was awarded the Order of the British Empire for his services to the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors and the community of Ealing, where he was born and still resides.
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#2954

Kenneth L. Taylor

#182688
Overall Influence
Kenneth L. Taylor is an American historian of geology. Education and career At Harvard University, Taylor graduated in the specialty "History and Science" with three degrees: A.B. in 1962, A.M. in 1965, and Ph.D. in 1968. His doctoral advisors were I. Bernard Cohen and Everett Mendelsohn. In the department of the history of science at the University of Oklahoma, Taylor was an assistant professor from 1967 to 1972, an associate professor from 1972 to 1986, and a full professor from 1986 to 2006, when he retired as professor emeritus. He chaired his department for 14 years, from 1979 to 1992, a...
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#2955

Anatoly Vishnevsky

Anatoly Vishnevsky
#28891
Overall Influence
1935 - 2021 (86 years)
Anatoly Vishnevsky was a Russian demographer and economist. He also wrote novels. Biography Vishnevsky earned a doctorate in economics in 1983, which would later effectively make him a member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. He directed the Institute of Demography at the Higher School of Economics.
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#2956

Rushdi Said

#32643
Overall Influence
1920 - 2013 (93 years)
Rushdi Said was an Egyptian scientist. He was educated at Cairo, Zurich, and Harvard Universities. A professor of geology, he was the chairman of the board of the Egyptian Mining and Geological Research Organization . He played a major role in the development of this organization with the new mining discoveries that enabled Egypt to compensate for the various mines lost after the occupation of Sinai.
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#2957

Charles J. Cazeau

#191970
Overall Influence
1931 - 1999 (68 years)
Charles J. Cazeau was an American geologist and writer. Cazeau was Professor emeritus of geology for the University at Buffalo. He was a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry and a contributor to Skeptical Inquirer.
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#2958

Dave Tucker

#147222
Overall Influence
1950 - Present (76 years)
David Samuel Tucker is a geologist, author, and union organizer in Washington state. He is a research associate at Western Washington University. He was an instructor at North Cascades Institute, and the director of the Mount Baker Volcano Research Center . He writes the blog Northwest Geology Field Trips, a blog aimed at laypeople detailing where to find interesting geology in the Pacific Northwest. In 2015, he published a popular book on Washington geology, Geology Underfoot in Western Washington. He resides in Bellingham, Washington. In the 1980s he worked as a mountaineering guide in the C...
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#2959

Yara Haridy

#181959
Overall Influence
Yara Haridy is an Egyptian-Canadian paleontologist and scientific communicator who specializes in the use of advanced analytical methods to study the evolution of bone and related skeletal tissues. Biography Haridy was born in Morocco and lived in Egypt until her family moved to Canada when she was 12 years old. She obtained her B.Sc. in biology from the University of Toronto in 2016, where she originally intended to pursue the pre-medicine track en route to a medical career, followed by her M.Sc. in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from the University of Toronto in 2018, where she studied the evolution of acrodonty in reptiles.
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#2960

Erin Brockovich

Erin Brockovich
#179468
Overall Influence
1960 - Present (66 years)
Erin Brockovich is an American paralegal, consumer advocate, and environmental activist who was instrumental in building a case against Pacific Gas & Electric Company involving groundwater contamination in Hinkley, California with the help of attorney Ed Masry in 1993. Their successful lawsuit was the subject of an Oscar-winning film, Erin Brockovich , starring Julia Roberts as Brockovich and Albert Finney as Masry. Since then, Brockovich has become a media personality as well, hosting the TV series Challenge America with Erin Brockovich on ABC and Final Justice on Zone Reality. She is the president of Brockovich Research & Consulting.
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#2961

Juanita Tamayo Lott

#142963
Overall Influence
1948 - Present (78 years)
Juanita Tamayo Lott is a Filipina-American author and activist. A chronicler of the Filipino experience in America, Lott has authored several popular and scholarly works on Asian Americans. She has also contributed to the establishment of several Asian American studies departments. As a college student in 1969, Lott co-founded the first U.S. Filipino American Studies Program at San Francisco State; in 2007, she developed the Filipino American Studies Program at the University of Maryland, College Park. Trained as a statistician and demographer, she spent her career as a policy analyst for the...
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#2962

Carl-Olof Morfeldt

#192002
Overall Influence
1919 - 2003 (84 years)
Carl-Olof Morfeldt was a Swedish geologist and businessman. He was a founder and CEO of Hagconsult AB, an enterprise dedicated to geotechnical consultancy. In 1964, he became also its majority shareholder. Morfeldt was the foremost authority on geotechnical studies for building in Sweden. An expert on building tunnels and rooms in bedrock, Morfeldt was awarded an honorary doctorate from Chalmers University of Technology in 1979. In 1999, he was awarded the prize Geologist of the Year by Naturvetarna.
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#2963

Edem Mahu

#186760
Overall Influence
Edem Mahu is a Ghanaian Marine Scientist who is a senior lecturer at the University of Ghana. Her research considers ocean health, oyster fisheries and climate change. She was awarded the 2022 American Geophysical Union Africa Award for Research Excellence in Ocean Sciences.
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#2964

Zeremariam Fre

#179142
Overall Influence
1951 - Present (75 years)
Zeremariam Fre is an agriculturalist, specialising in the drylands, and is of dual Eritrean-British nationality. He is the founder and former director of the Pastoral and Environmental Network in the Horn of Africa , where he now serves on the Board of Trustees as Treasurer.
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#2965

Andrew Mackenzie

Andrew Mackenzie
#179792
Overall Influence
1956 - Present (70 years)
Sir Andrew Stewart Mackenzie is a Scottish businessman, who is the chairman of Shell plc and formerly CEO of BHP Billiton, the world's largest mining company. He succeeded Marius Kloppers, on 10 May 2013, and was succeeded by Mike Henry, at the start of 2020.
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#2966

Brigitte Baptiste

#33824
Overall Influence
1963 - Present (63 years)
Brigitte Luis Guillermo Baptiste, is a Colombian cultural landscape ecologist and an expert on environmental issues and biodiversity in Colombia. She is a member of the Multidisciplinary Expert Panel of the Intergovernmental Science and Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services and has been part of the national representation to the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research. She served as director of the Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute from 2011 until 2019. In September 2019, Baptiste became the director of Universidad Ean. She consider th...
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#2967

Jean Jacques Dozy

#59982
Overall Influence
1908 - 2004 (96 years)
Jean Jacques Dozy was a Dutch geologist. In 1936, he participated in the Dutch Carstensz Expedition in Dutch New Guinea to explore and climb Mount Carstensz, the highest mountain of the island of New Guinea. Besides succeeding in climbing the highest point at the time with Anton Colijn and Frits Wissel, Dozy discovered the presence of abundant copper ore in a mountain he called Ertsberg . Years later this gave rise to the Grasberg copper mine. In 1939, he published an article about his find, but it was neglected due to World War II. Twenty years later, the article led to rediscovery of the E...
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#2968

Zena Cardman

Zena Cardman
#37251
Overall Influence
1988 - Present (38 years)
Zena Maria Cardman is an American geobiologist and NASA astronaut. Early life and education Cardman was born on October 26, 1987. She received a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where she majored in biology, minored in chemistry and marine sciences, and wrote an honors thesis in creative writing.
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#2969

Bärbel Hönisch

#176164
Overall Influence
1974 - Present (52 years)
Bärbel Hönisch is a German paleoceanographer and paleoclimatologist, author, and professor at Columbia University. Education Hönisch earned a vordiplom in biology at Bielefeld University in 1995, a diplom in marine biology in 1999 at the University of Bremen, and a Doctor of Philosophy in natural sciences in 2002 at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research.
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#2970

Jens Christian Hansen

#160676
Overall Influence
1932 - 2014 (82 years)
Jens Christian Hansen was a Norwegian geographer. He took the dr.philos. degree in 1970 with the thesis Administrative grenser og tettstedsvekst. After a period as a docent at the Norwegian School of Economics he was a professor at the University of Bergen from 1972. He was a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1985, of the Academia Europaea and of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters. He died in May 2014.
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#2971

Millarca Valenzuela

Millarca Valenzuela
#185784
Overall Influence
1977 - Present (49 years)
Edith Millarca Valenzuela Picón is a Chilean geologist and meteorite expert. She has contributed to the study of meteorites that fall in the Atacama Desert in Chile. Biography Millaraca Picón was born in Antofagasta, Chile in 1977. She studied geology at the University of Chile where she gained her PhD in the study of meteorological conditions of the Atacama Desert in 2011. She established the first national meteor monitoring and observation station in Chile - the Chilean Allsky Camera Network for Astro-Geoscience .
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#2972

Eric Toensmeier

#103113
Overall Influence
Eric Toensmeier is an author of several books focused on climate change, biodiversity, and nutrition. He is also a lecturer at Yale University and a Senior Biosequestration Fellow at Project Drawdown.
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#2973

Ann E. Carlson

#69042
Overall Influence
1960 - Present (66 years)
Ann E. Carlson is an American attorney and legal scholar who has served as the acting administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration since September 2022. Before joining the Biden administration, Carlson was the Shirley Shapiro Professor of Environmental Law at the UCLA School of Law, where she also served as faculty co-director of the Emmett Center on Climate Change and the Environment. She is an expert on U.S. environmental law and policy with a particular focus on climate change and environmental federalism. Biden administration withdrew her from nomination in May 2023...
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#2974

Tom Wessels

#28371
Overall Influence
1951 - Present (75 years)
Tom Wessels is an American terrestrial ecologist working as a professor at Antioch University New England in the Department of Environmental Studies, where he founded a master's program in conservation biology. He is the author of five books and is an active environmentalist.
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#2975

Terence Meaden

#165091
Overall Influence
1935 - Present (91 years)
Terence Meaden is an English author who writes on archaeoastronomy, mostly focusing on the megalithic sites of Avebury, Stonehenge and the Drombeg stone circle in Cork, Ireland. He is a retired physicist with a doctoral degrees in physics from the University of Oxford and a master's degree in applied landscape archaeology also from University of Oxford. Meaden is influenced by the work of archaeologist Marija Gimbutas who wrote about the Goddess worshipping Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of "Old Europe".
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#2976

Ceyda Sungur

#124431
Overall Influence
1986 - Present (40 years)
Ceyda Sungur, also known as Kırmızılı Kadın , is a Turkish academician and activist. Life She was born in 1986. After completing her bachelor's degree on urban planning, she has started to work as a research assistant at the Istanbul Technical University.
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#2977

Richard Funkhouser

#97736
Overall Influence
1917 - 2008 (91 years)
Richard Edgar Funkhouser was an American diplomat and geologist, specializing in oil. He served as United States Ambassador to Gabon. Early years Born in Trenton, New Jersey, he was the son of noted psychiatrist Dr. Edgar Bright Funkhouser and Evelyn Hayes. He attended Taft School before entering Princeton University, where he was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society and Sigma Xi, the Honorary Scientific Research Association. He graduated from Princeton with a bachelor's degree in geology in 1939 after completing a senior thesis, titled "Magnetic susceptibility of sedimentary minerals", under the supervision of Harry H.
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#2978

Ren Hongqiang

#184298
Overall Influence
1964 - Present (62 years)
Ren Hongqiang is a Chinese environmentalist currently serving as dean of the School of the Environment of Nanjing University. Biography Ren was born in Zhuozhou, Hebei, in May 1964. In 1990 he graduated from Hebei University of Science and Technology. He earned his master's degree in thermal power from North China Electric Power University in 1997 and his doctor's degree in fermentation engineering from Jiangnan University in 2000, respectively. He was a postdoctoral fellow at Nanjing University between 2001 and 2002. In 2003 he became a professor and doctoral supervisor at Nanjing University...
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#2979

Pupa Gilbert

#172999
Overall Influence
1964 - Present (62 years)
Pupa Gilbert is an American biophysicist and geobiologist. She has been pioneering synchrotron spectromicroscopy methods since 1989, and she continues to use and develop them today. Since 2004 she has focused on biomineralization in sea urchins, mollusk shells, and tunicates. She and her group are frequent users of the Berkeley-Advanced Light Source.
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#2980

Veer Bhadra Mishra

#34324
Overall Influence
1938 - 2013 (75 years)
Veer Bhadra Mishra was the founding president of the Sankat Mochan Foundation. He was a former professor of Hydraulic engineering and former Head of the Civil Engineering Department at the Indian Institute of Technology Varanasi. He was also the Mahant of the Sankat Mochan Hanuman temple, Varanasi at Varanasi founded by poet-saint Goswami Tulsidas. Mishra was recognized on the United Nations Environment Programme's "Global 500 Roll of Honour" in 1992, and was a TIME Magazines "Hero of the Planet" recipient in 1999 for his work related to cleaning of the Ganges through the Sankat Mochan Foundation.
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#2981

Vladimir Kostitsyn

#78480
Overall Influence
1945 - Present (81 years)
Vladimir Kostitsyn is a Russian geophysicist. He attended at the Perm State University. Kostitsyn served as a full-time member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences since 1997. He was honored the Medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" and Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation.
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#2982

Olivier Testa

#140552
Overall Influence
1977 - Present (49 years)
Olivier Testa is a cave explorer, known for his discovery of the orange cave-dwelling crocodiles of Gabon, the Iroungou burial cave in Gabon, the discovery of unexpected caves in the volcanic Bamboutos mountains in Cameroon and several discoveries in Haiti. He has led or participated in over 40 caving expeditions in Africa, Asia and in the Caribbean.
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#2983

Marino Morikawa

#65194
Overall Influence
1977 - Present (49 years)
Marino Morikawa is a Peruvian-Japanese environmental scientist. He is known for environmental work in Peru. Early life and education Born in Chancay in Peru, Morikawa has a master's degree in Interdisciplinary Biodiplomacy and a doctorate in Environmental Sciences from Tsukuba University in Japan.
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#2984

Nina Witoszek

#61909
Overall Influence
1954 - Present (72 years)
Nina Witoszek Nina Witoszek is a Polish-Irish-Norwegian writer and research professor at the Center for Development and the Environment in Oslo. She is also director of the Arne Næss Programme on Global Justice and the Environment at the University of Oslo. Prior to her work at SUM, she taught comparative cultural history at the National University of Ireland in Galway and the European University in Florence . She held fellowships at the Swedish Collegium of the Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences in Uppsala , Robinson College, Cambridge and Mansfield College, Oxford and visiting prof...
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#2985

Zhe-Xi Luo

#94605
Overall Influence
1958 - Present (68 years)
Zhe-Xi Luo is an American paleontologist of Chinese origin, specializing in vertebrate paleontology, particularly mammal evolution, morphology, and systematics. Background Born in China in 1958, he came to the United States in 1982 as one of the first Chinese students. Under the Sino-US agreement, students were expected to return to their homeland after graduation, but after the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre, US President George H. W. Bush agreed that around 80,000 Chinese students would remain in the United States. Zhe-Xi Luo and his wife were in this group.
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#2986

Eystein Husebye

#148107
Overall Influence
1937 - Present (89 years)
Eystein Husebye is a Norwegian seismologist. He was born in Sulitjelma, Salten. He took doctoral degrees at Uppsala University and the University of Oslo. He worked as researcher at NORSAR from 1968 to 1993 and adjunct professor at the University of Oslo from 1979 to 1990. He was then a professor of seismology at the University of Bergen from 1979 to his retirement. He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
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#2987

Robert Loftin

#187774
Overall Influence
1938 - 1993 (55 years)
Robert Wayne Loftin was an American environmentalist, ornithologist, and philosopher. He was a professor at the University of North Florida, where he founded the Sawmill Slough Conservation Club and designed the campus's nature trails. The trails on UNF's campus were subsequently renamed the Robert Loftin Nature Trails in his memory on August 31, 1993.
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#2988

Sarah K. Noble

Sarah K. Noble
#168073
Overall Influence
1975 - Present (51 years)
Sarah K. Noble is a planetary geologist and a program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C. Her area of expertise is space weathering processes. She was the Program Scientist for NASA's LADEE spacecraft, and is the Program Scientist for the Psyche mission.
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#2989

William John McGee

William John McGee
1853 - 1912 (59 years)
William John McGee, LL.D. was an American inventor, geologist, anthropologist, and ethnologist, born in Farley, Iowa. Biography While largely self-taught, McGee attended a rural one-room schoolhouse north of Farley during the four winter months from about 1858 to 1867. He devoted his early years to reading law and to surveying. He invented and patented several improvements on agricultural implements.
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#2990

Owen Thomas Jones

1878 - 1967 (89 years)
Owen Thomas Jones, FRS FGS was a Welsh geologist. Education He was born in Beulah, near Newcastle Emlyn, Cardiganshire, the only son of David Jones and Margaret Thomas. He attended the local village school in Trewen before going to Pencader Grammar School in 1893. In 1896 he went up to University College, Aberystwyth, to study physics, graduating in 1900. He then went to Trinity College, Cambridge, and was awarded a B.A. degree in Natural Sciences in 1902.
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#2991

Adolf Carl Noé

1873 - 1939 (66 years)
Adolf Carl Noé was an Austrian-born paleobotanist. He is credited for identifying the first coal ball in the United States in 1922, which renewed interest in them. He also developed a method of peeling coal balls using nitrocellulose. Many of the paleobotanical materials owned by the University of Chicago's Walker Museum were provided by Noé, where he was also a curator of fossil plants. He was also a research associate at the Field Museum of Natural History, where he assisted with their reconstruction of a Carboniferous forest.
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#2992

Katsutada Sezawa

Katsutada Sezawa
1895 - 1944 (49 years)
Katsutada Sezawa was a Japanese geophysicist . Sezawa's key work was on the mathematical aspects of wave transmission in media of different viscosities and the Sezawa wave mode of surface waves is named after him.
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#2993

Paul F. Kerr

1897 - 1981 (84 years)
Dr. Paul F. Kerr , was a Professor of Mineralogy at Columbia University. During the second World War, he was tasked with locating and procuring supplies of uranium for the Manhattan Project. Kerr had an academic interest in the geology of tungsten, uranium and clay minerals. He pioneered the use of X-rays in the process of mineral identification and is considered to be one of the fathers of applied mineralogy. At Columbia University he was instrumental in the founding of the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory.
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#2994

Hans P. Eugster

1925 - 1987 (62 years)
Hans Peter Eugster was a Swiss-American geochemist, mineralogist, and petrologist. Education Eugster studied at ETH Zurich with Diplom in 1948 and D.Sc. in 1951 under Paul Niggli with a dissertation on metamorphic recrystallization in the eastern part of the Aar massif. As a postdoctoral fellow, Eugster studied optical spectroscopy from 1951 to 1952 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he was also influenced by research on petrology done by James Burleigh Thompson's team at Harvard University.
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#2995

P.A. Sheppard

1907 - 1977 (70 years)
Professor Percival Albert "Peter" Sheppard CBE FRS was a Meteorologist at Imperial College, London from 1952 to 1974 and thereafter emeritus professor. He was born in Box, Wiltshire and was educated at City of Bath Boys School and the University of Bristol, graduating with a first class honours BSc in 1927. He stayed on there as a student demonstrator, doing research on the loading of gaseous ions by polar molecules.
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#2996

David T. Griggs

1911 - 1974 (63 years)
David Tressel Griggs was an American geophysicist. He served as the second Chief Scientist of the U.S. Air Force from 1951 to 1952. Early life David Griggs was born in Columbus, Ohio. His father was Robert Fiske Griggs, who discovered the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes near Mount Katmai in Alaska. The highest area in this area was officially named Mount Griggs in his honor. David accompanied his father on an expedition to that area in 1930.
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#2997

Sergei Ivanovich Tomkeieff

1892 - 1968 (76 years)
Prof Sergei Ivanovich Tomkeieff FRSE FGS was a 20th-century Russian and British geologist and petrologist who won the Geological Society's Lyell Medal in 1966. Life Tomkeieff was born on 20 October 1892 in Vilna, in the Russian Empire, and studied petrology in Petrograd Polytechnic Institute. Tomkeieff came to Britain either during or just after the First World War, and began lecturing in geology at Anderson College in Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1920.
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#2998

Philip Kuenen

1902 - 1976 (74 years)
Philip Henry Kuenen was a Dutch geologist. Kuenen spent his earliest youth in Scotland, as his father was professor of physics at University College, Dundee until 1906. He studied geology at Leiden University, where he was a pupil of K. Martin and B.G. Escher. He finished his studies in 1925 and then became assistant to Escher. He worked on paleontology and experimental geology.
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#2999

Gordon Manley

1902 - 1980 (78 years)
Gordon Valentine Manley, FRGS was a British climatologist who has been described as "probably the best known, most prolific and most expert on the climate of Britain of his generation". He assembled the Central England temperature series of monthly mean temperatures stretching back to 1659, which is the longest standardised instrumental record available for anywhere in the world. It provides a benchmark for proxy records of climatic change for the period covered, and is a notable example of scientific scholarship and perseverance . His two papers describing the work are available online.
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#3000

Jule Gregory Charney

Jule Gregory Charney
1917 - 1981 (64 years)
Jule Gregory Charney was an American meteorologist who played an important role in developing numerical weather prediction and increasing understanding of the general circulation of the atmosphere by devising a series of increasingly sophisticated mathematical models of the atmosphere. His work was the driving force behind many national and international weather initiatives and programs.
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