The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
Students and researchers now have a fast and reliable way to find influential thinkers from 24 disciplines and 300 sub-disciplines (and growing). If you want to find history’s most influential philsosophers, or the world’s most influential mathematicians currently, now you can.
We also provide custom rankings of people by discipline as well as interviews with influential academics who are currently active.
To use this tool, select the discipline (and optional subdiscipline) relevant to your research, and specify influential academics by history, world, or US. Even results that are counterintuitive are often enlightening (our algorithm always picks up a signal).
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List of the most influential people in History,
#6451
Stanoje Stanojević
1874 - 1937 (63 years)
Stanoje Stanojević was a Serbian historian, university professor, academic and a leader of many scientific and publishing enterprises. Career Stanojević finished university studies in Belgrade's Grandes écoles and post-graduate studies in philosophy in Vienna, where he received his PhD in 1896. He was a student of Konstantin Jireček, Vatroslav Jagić and Karl Krumbacher, and a follower of Ilarion Ruvarac and his school of historiography. Stanojević belongs to the first generation of Serbian historians educated abroad, at European universities. In 1903, he became a professor of the Grande école , his alma mater.
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John Bach McMaster
1852 - 1932 (80 years)
John Bach McMaster was an American historian. McMaster was born in Brooklyn, New York. His father, a native of New York, was a banker and planter at New Orleans at the beginning of the Civil War. He graduated from the College of the City of New York in 1872, worked as a civil engineer in 1873–1877, was instructor in civil engineering at Princeton University in 1877–1883, and in 1883 became professor of American history in the University of Pennsylvania. McMaster was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1884. McMaster was the second president of The Franklin Inn Club, servin...
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Hector Boece
1465 - 1536 (71 years)
Hector Boece , known in Latin as Hector Boecius or Boethius, was a Scottish philosopher and historian, and the first Principal of King's College in Aberdeen, a predecessor of the University of Aberdeen.
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Jean van Heijenoort
1912 - 1986 (74 years)
Jean Louis Maxime van Heijenoort was a historian of mathematical logic. He was also a personal secretary to Leon Trotsky from 1932 to 1939, and an American Trotskyist until 1947. Life Jean van Heijenoort, a renowned mathematician and logician, was born in Creil, France. His parents had immigrated from the Netherlands before his birth. Unfortunately, when van Heijenoort was only two years old, his father passed away, leaving his family in financial hardship. Despite these challenges, he pursued his education and became proficient in French. Throughout his life, he maintained strong connection...
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Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr
624 - 692 (68 years)
Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam was the leader of a caliphate based in Mecca that rivaled the Umayyads from 683 until his death. The son of al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam and Asma bint Abi Bakr, and the grandson of the first caliph Abu Bakr, Ibn al-Zubayr belonged to the Quraysh, the leading tribe of the nascent Muslim community, and was the first child born to the Muhajirun, Islam's earliest converts, thus a Companion of the Prophet. As a youth, he participated in the early Muslim conquests alongside his father in Syria and Egypt, and later played a role in the Muslim conquests of North Africa and northern Iran in 647 and 650, respectively.
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Lin Zexu
1785 - 1850 (65 years)
Lin Zexu , courtesy name Yuanfu, was a Chinese political philosopher and politician. He was a head of state , Governor General, scholar-official, and under the Daoguang Emperor of the Qing dynasty best known for his role in the First Opium War of 1839–42. He was from Fuzhou, Fujian Province. Lin's forceful opposition to the opium trade was a primary catalyst for the First Opium War. He is praised for his constant position on the "moral high ground" in his fight, but he is also blamed for a rigid approach which failed to account for the domestic and international complexities of the problem. Th...
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Ibn Sa'd
784 - 845 (61 years)
Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Sa‘d ibn Manī‘ al-Baṣrī al-Hāshimī or simply Ibn Sa'd and nicknamed Scribe of Waqidi , was a scholar and Arabian biographer. Ibn Sa'd was born in 784/785 CE and died on 16 February 845 CE . Ibn Sa'd was from Basra, but lived mostly in Baghdad, hence the nisba al-Basri and al-Baghdadi respectively. He is said to have died at the age of 62 in Baghdad and was buried in the cemetery of the Syrian gate.
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Percy Ernst Schramm
1894 - 1970 (76 years)
Percy Ernst Schramm was a German historian who specialized in art history and medieval history. Schramm was a Chair and Professor of History at the University of Göttingen from 1929 to 1963. Early life and education Schramm was born to a wealthy and cosmopolitan family in Hamburg, that belonged to the class of Hanseatic families. His father, Max Schramm, was a lawyer, senator and second mayor from 1925 to 1928. His grandfather Ernst Schramm had been a major sugar merchant in Hamburg and Brazil. His mother Olga O'Swald, grandniece of William Henry O'Swald, also belonged to a prominent Hansea...
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Francesco Guicciardini
1483 - 1540 (57 years)
Francesco Guicciardini was an Italian historian and statesman. A friend and critic of Niccolò Machiavelli, he is considered one of the major political writers of the Italian Renaissance. In his masterpiece, The History of Italy, Guicciardini paved the way for a new style in historiography with his use of government sources to support arguments and the realistic analysis of the people and events of his time.
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Charles I of Hungary
1288 - 1342 (54 years)
Charles I, also known as Charles Robert , was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1308 to his death. He was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou and the only son of Charles Martel, Prince of Salerno. His father was the eldest son of Charles II of Naples and Mary of Hungary. Mary laid claim to Hungary after her brother, Ladislaus IV of Hungary, died in 1290, but the Hungarian prelates and lords elected her cousin, Andrew III, king. Instead of abandoning her claim to Hungary, she transferred it to her son, Charles Martel, and after his death in 1295, to her grandson, Charles. On the other hand, ...
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Han Yu
768 - 824 (56 years)
Han Yu , courtesy name Tuizhi , and commonly known by his posthumous name Han Wengong , was an essayist, Confucian scholar, poet, and government official during the Tang dynasty who significantly influenced the development of Neo-Confucianism. Described as "comparable in stature to Dante, Shakespeare or Goethe" for his influence on the Chinese literary tradition, Han Yu stood for strong central authority in politics and orthodoxy in cultural matters.
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Iosif Amusin
1910 - 1984 (74 years)
Iosif Davidovich Amusin was a Soviet historian, orientalist, hebraist and papyrologyst, was specialist in the history of the Ancient Near East and Qumran studies. History Amusin was twice arrested and sentenced for Zionist connections and "anti-Soviet" activity . Graduated from the Historical Faculty of Leningrad University . Served as a medical officer during the Second World War.
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Andrew II of Hungary
1175 - 1235 (60 years)
Andrew II , also known as Andrew of Jerusalem, was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1205 and 1235. He ruled the Principality of Halych from 1188 until 1189/1190, and again between 1208/1209 and 1210. He was the younger son of Béla III of Hungary, who entrusted him with the administration of the newly conquered Principality of Halych in 1188. Andrew's rule was unpopular, and the boyars expelled him. Béla III willed property and money to Andrew, obliging him to lead a crusade to the Holy Land. Instead, Andrew forced his elder brother, King Emeric of Hungary, to cede Croatia and Dalmatia as an appanage to him in 1197.
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Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr.
1888 - 1965 (77 years)
Arthur Meier Schlesinger was an American historian who taught at Harvard University, pioneering social history and urban history. He was a Progressive Era intellectual who stressed material causes and downplayed ideology and values as motivations for historical actors. He was highly influential as a director of PhD dissertations at Harvard for three decades, especially in the fields of social, women's, and immigration history. His son, Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. , also taught at Harvard and was a noted historian.
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Johannes Aventinus
1477 - 1534 (57 years)
Johann Georg Turmair , known by the pen name Johannes Aventinus or Aventin, was a Bavarian Renaissance humanist historian and philologist. He authored the 1523 Annals of Bavaria, a valuable record of the early history of Germany.
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Niketas Choniates
1155 - 1217 (62 years)
Niketas or Nicetas Choniates , whose actual surname was Akominatos , was a Byzantine Greek historian and politician – like his brother Michael Akominatos, whom he accompanied to Constantinople from their birthplace Chonae . Nicetas wrote a history of the Eastern Roman Empire from 1118 to 1207.
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Michael Psellos
1018 - 1078 (60 years)
Michael Psellos or Psellus was a Byzantine Greek monk, savant, writer, philosopher, imperial courtier, historian and music theorist. He was born in 1017 or 1018, and is believed to have died in 1078, although it has also been maintained that he remained alive until 1096. He served as a high ranking advisor to several Byzantine emperors and was instrumental in the re-positioning of power of those emperors.
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Ernst Fabricius
1857 - 1942 (85 years)
Ernst Christian Andreas Martin Fabricius was a German historian, archaeologist and classical scholar. Between 1882 and 1888 he participated in excavations in Greece and Asia Minor and also pioneered German research on the Roman Empire border defenses known as the Limes Germanicus.
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Ludwig Timotheus Spittler
1752 - 1810 (58 years)
Ludwig Timotheus Spittler was a German historian born in Stuttgart. He published works on national, church and political history. He was a member of the Göttingen School of History. Spittler studied at Tübingen, and in 1778 became a full professor at the University of Göttingen. At Göttingen he collaborated on several important projects with historians August Ludwig von Schlözer , Johann Christoph Gatterer and constitutional law teacher Johann Stephan Pütter . With philosopher Christoph Meiners , he published the Göttingische Historische Magazin from January 1787 to August 1791.
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Hong Taiji
1592 - 1643 (51 years)
Hong Taiji , also rendered as Huang Taiji and sometimes referred to as Abahai in Western literature, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizong of Qing, was the second khan of the Later Jin dynasty and the founding emperor of the Qing dynasty . He was responsible for consolidating the empire that his father Nurhaci had founded and laid the groundwork for the conquest of the Ming dynasty, although he died before this was accomplished. He was also responsible for changing the name of the Jurchen ethnicity to "Manchu" in 1635, and changing the name of his dynasty from "Great Jin" to "Great Qing" in 1636.
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John Skylitzes
1040 - 1101 (61 years)
John Skylitzes, commonly Latinized as Ioannes Scylitzes , was a Byzantine historian of the late 11th century. Life Very little is known about his life. The title of his work records him as a kouropalatēs and a former droungarios of the Vigla, whereby he is usually identified with a certain John Thrakesios.
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Friedrich Heer
1916 - 1983 (67 years)
Friedrich Heer was an Austrian historian born in Vienna. Early life Heer received a PhD at the University of Vienna in 1938. Even as a student, he came into conflict with pan-German historians as a staunch opponent of National Socialism.
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Ludwig Geiger
1848 - 1919 (71 years)
Ludwig Geiger was a German author and historian. Life Ludwig Geiger was born at Breslau, Silesia, a son of Abraham Geiger. After study at Heidelberg, Göttingen, and Bonn, he became docent in history at Berlin in 1873 and in 1880 was appointed to a chair of modern history there.
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Charles Singer
1876 - 1960 (84 years)
Charles Joseph Singer was a British historian of science, technology, and medicine. He served as medical officer in the British Army. Biography Early years Singer was born in Camberwell in London, where his father Simeon Singer was a rabbi and Hebraist. He was educated at City of London School, University College London, and Magdalen College, Oxford . Trained in zoology and medicine, he qualified for medical practice in 1903. He was appointed medical officer on an expedition led by Sir John Harrington to the border region between Abyssinia and Sudan on the same day his medical qualification was announced.
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Thutmose I
1600 BC - 1493 BC (107 years)
Thutmose I was the third pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt. He received the throne after the death of the previous king, Amenhotep I. During his reign, he campaigned deep into the Levant and Nubia, pushing the borders of Egypt farther than ever before in each region. He also built many temples in Egypt, and a tomb for himself in the Valley of the Kings; he is the first king confirmed to have done this .
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Lauritz Weibull
1873 - 1960 (87 years)
Lauritz Ulrik Absalon Weibull was a Swedish professor and historian. Biography He was born in Lund, Sweden, as the son of history professor Martin Weibull and the brother of historian Curt Weibull. He enrolled at the University of Lund in 1892, completed his B.A. in 1894, his licentiate degree in 1899 and defended his dissertation and received a docentship the same year. He was appointed director of the Regional Archives of Lund in 1903 and became professor of history at his alma mater in 1919.
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Erich Maschke
1900 - 1982 (82 years)
Erich Maschke was a German historian, history professor, and Nazi ideologue. He last taught at Heidelberg University. During the Nazi era he promoted racist and nationalist ideology. After the war he led the so-called Maschke Committee, commissioned by the West German parliament, which investigated the treatment of German prisoners-of-war during and after World War II by the Allies.
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Anton Kartashev
1875 - 1960 (85 years)
Anton Vladimirovich Kartashev was a Russian professor of Church History and a journalist. Briefly in 1917 he was the last Ober-Procurator of the Most Holy Governing Synod of the Orthodox Church in Russia and Minister of Religion in the Russian Provisional Government; but from 1920 he taught in Paris.
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Josef Pekař
1870 - 1937 (67 years)
Josef Pekař was a prominent Czech historian of the turn of 19th and 20th century, professor and rector of Charles University in Prague. Life and work After graduating at high school in Mladá Boleslav, which now bears his name, Pekař studied history in Prague. He started the career of historian already during studies, when his article, published in 1890 in Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk's magazine Athenaeum, proved by historical findings, that so called "Manuscript of Králův Dvůr" , allegedly from the 13th century, whose authenticity has long led disputes in the Czech society, is a counterfeit. Pekař ...
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Karl Sudhoff
1853 - 1938 (85 years)
Karl Sudhoff was a German historian of medicine, helping establish that field as a legitimate discipline for research and teaching within faculties of medicine. Sudhoff taught for years at the University of Leipzig, where he founded the Institute for the History of Medicine and exercised strong control over the direction of German medical history. He also established the journal Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin, later renamed Sudhoffs Archiv, and the monograph series Studien zur Geschichte der Medizin. As a researcher, he had a reputation for strength in archival research, and made a particular contribution to the revival of interest in Paracelsus and Constantine the African.
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Otto Seeck
1850 - 1921 (71 years)
Otto Karl Seeck was a German classical historian who is perhaps best known for his work on the decline of the ancient world. He was born in Riga. Life and career He first began studying chemistry at the University of Dorpat but transferred to the University of Berlin to study classical history under Theodor Mommsen. Seeck earned his doctorate from the University of Berlin in 1872 after writing his thesis on the Notitia Dignitatum, a document enumerating the roles and responsibilities of administrative officials of the later Roman empire c. 400 AD. He habilitated under Mommsen in Berlin in 1...
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Stephen D. Lee
1833 - 1908 (75 years)
Stephen Dill Lee was an American officer in the Confederate Army, politician, and first president of Mississippi State University from 1880 to 1899. He served as lieutenant general of the Confederate States Army in the Eastern and Western theaters of the American Civil War.
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H. F. M. Prescott
1896 - 1972 (76 years)
Hilda Frances Margaret Prescott, more usually known as H. F. M. Prescott , was an English writer, academic and historian. She was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. Her best-known work is a novel, The Man on a Donkey, set in the 16th century.
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Charles Francis Adams Sr.
1807 - 1886 (79 years)
Charles Francis Adams Sr. was an American historical editor, writer, politician, and diplomat. As United States Minister to the United Kingdom during the American Civil War, Adams was crucial to Union efforts to prevent British recognition of the Confederate States of America and maintain European neutrality to the utmost extent. Adams also featured in national and state politics before and after the Civil War.
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Hecataeus of Abdera
400 BC - 300 BC (100 years)
Hecataeus of Abdera or of Teos , was a Greek historian who flourished in the 4th century BC. Though none of his works survive, his writings are attested by later authors in various fragments, in particular his Aegyptica, a work on the society and culture of the Egyptians, and his On the Hyperboreans. He is one of the authors whose fragments were collected in Felix Jacoby's Fragmente der griechischen Historiker.
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Juan Crespí
1721 - 1782 (61 years)
Joan Crespí or Juan Crespí was a Franciscan missionary and explorer of Las Californias. Biography A native of Majorca, Crespí entered the Franciscan order at the age of seventeen. He came to New Spain in 1749, and accompanied explorers Francisco Palóu and Junípero Serra. In 1767 he went to the Baja California Peninsula and was placed in charge of the Misión La Purísima Concepción de Cadegomó.
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Roman Grodecki
1889 - 1964 (75 years)
Roman Grodecki , Poraj coat of arms, was a Polish economic historian, a professor at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, and a member of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. Grodecki's scientific research centered on medieval Poland, particularly the history of Polish coinage, monetary history and monetary policy under the Piast dynasty. Although he was not a numismatic himself, Grodecki was widely read by coin collectors of his day, and he engaged in academic discussions and polemics with the noted Polish numismatic Marian Gumowski. In addition to economic history, Grodecki published w...
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John O'Donovan
1806 - 1861 (55 years)
John O'Donovan , from Atateemore, in the parish of Kilcolumb, County Kilkenny, and educated at Hunt's Academy, Waterford, was an Irish language scholar from Ireland. Life He was the fourth son of Edmond O'Donovan and Eleanor Hoberlin of Rochestown. His early career may have been inspired by his uncle Parick O'Donovan. He worked for antiquarian James Hardiman researching state papers and traditional sources at the Public Records Office. Hardiman had secured O'Donovan a place in Maynooth College which he turned down. He also taught Irish to Thomas Larcom for a short period in 1828 and worked for Myles John O'Reilly, a collector of Irish manuscripts.
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Anatoly Bokschanin
1903 - 1979 (76 years)
Anatoly Georgiyevich Bokschanin was a Soviet scholar of classical antiquity. He was a Doctor of Sciences and Professor of the Moscow University. Bokschanin researched the political history of the Roman Empire of the 1st century AD and Roman–Parthian relations. He penned several scholar publications and authored and edited several textbooks on Roman history. His major works include "Иудейские восстания II в. н.э." , "Социальный кризис Римской империи в I в. н.э." , Парфия и Рим and "Источниковедение Древнего Рима" . Two articles about Bokschanin appeared in the Russian Journal of Ancient Hist...
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Vladimir Picheta
1878 - 1947 (69 years)
Vladimir Ivanovich Picheta was a Belarusian and Soviet historian, first rector of the Belarusian State University , academician of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR since 1928, Honorary Professor of the BSSR , Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Arts since 1939, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1946.
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Padraic Colum
1881 - 1972 (91 years)
Padraic Colum was an Irish poet, novelist, dramatist, biographer, playwright, children's author and collector of folklore. He was one of the leading figures of the Irish Literary Revival. Early life Colum was born Patrick Columb in a County Longford workhouse, where his father worked. He was the first of eight children born to Patrick and Susan Columb.
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Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany
1853 - 1884 (31 years)
Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, was the eighth child and youngest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Leopold was later created Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence, and Baron Arklow. He had haemophilia, which contributed to his death following a fall at the age of 30.
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David IV of Georgia
1073 - 1125 (52 years)
David IV, also known as David IV the Builder , of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the 5th king of United Georgia from 1089 until his death in 1125. Popularly considered to be the greatest and most successful Georgian ruler in history and an original architect of the Georgian Golden Age, he succeeded in driving the Seljuk Turks out of the country, winning the Battle of Didgori in 1121. His reforms of the army and administration enabled him to reunite the country and bring most of the lands of the Caucasus under Georgia's control. A friend of the Church and a notable promoter of Christian culture, ...
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Simon of Kéza
1250 - 1301 (51 years)
Simon of Kéza was the most famous Hungarian chronicler of the 13th century. He was a priest in the royal court of king Ladislaus IV of Hungary. In 1270–1271, bearing the title "master" , Simon was part of a diplomatic mission led by Sixtus of Esztergom. Andrew of Hungary was also a part of this mission. Sent by King Stephen V of Hungary to congratulate King Charles I of Sicily on the latter's return from the Eighth Crusade, the delegation travelled via Naples to Catona and Messina in December and January, then back with Charles to Rome in February.
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George Grote
1794 - 1871 (77 years)
George Grote was an English political radical and classical historian. He is now best known for his major work, the voluminous History of Greece. Early life George Grote was born at Clay Hill near Beckenham in Kent. His grandfather, Andreas, originally a Bremen merchant, was one of the founders of the banking-house of Grote, Prescott & Company in Threadneedle Street, London . His father, another George, married Selina, daughter of Henry Peckwell , minister of Selina, Countess of Huntingdon's chapel in Westminster, and his wife Bella Blosset , and had one daughter and ten sons, of whom George was the eldest.
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Wacław Sobieski
1872 - 1935 (63 years)
Wacław Sobieski was a Polish historian. Biography Sobieski was a professor at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, a member of the Polish Academy of Learning Among his pupils were Henryk Barycz, Władysław Czapliński, Oskar Halecki, Kazimierz Piwarski, Ludwik Kolankowski, Adam Lewak, Kazimierz Chodynicki, Stanisław Bodniak, Kazimierz Lepszy, Kazimierz Piwarski, Wacław Pociecha.
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Alexios I Komnenos
1048 - 1118 (70 years)
Alexios I Komnenos , Latinized Alexius I Comnenus, was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118. Although he was not the first emperor of the Komnenian dynasty, it was during his reign that the Komnenos family came to full power and initiated a hereditary succession to the throne. Inheriting a collapsing empire and faced with constant warfare during his reign against both the Seljuq Turks in Asia Minor and the Normans in the western Balkans, Alexios was able to curb the Byzantine decline and begin the military, financial, and territorial recovery known as the Komnenian restoration. His appeals to W...
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Jørgen Moe
1813 - 1882 (69 years)
Jørgen Engebretsen Moe was a Norwegian folklorist, bishop, poet, and author. He is best known for the Norske Folkeeventyr, a collection of Norwegian folk tales which he edited in collaboration with Peter Christen Asbjørnsen. He also served as the Bishop of the Diocese of Kristianssand from 1874 until his death in 1882.
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Gino Luzzatto
1878 - 1964 (86 years)
Gino Luzzatto, born on January 9, 1878, in Padua and deceased on March 30, 1964, in Venice, was an Italian economic historian. He initially worked as a teacher in southern Italy before joining an economic institute in Trieste and later relocated to the University of Venice in 1922, where he eventually became a rector. Luzzatto became a member of the Socialist Party in 1906. However, with the rise of Mussolini's fascists, he faced challenges in publishing his work. He was imprisoned for several months in 1925, and despite his protests, he was compelled to retire in 1938 due to the establishment of Italian racial laws.
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Edward Gaylord Bourne
1860 - 1908 (48 years)
Edward Gaylord Bourne, Ph. D. was an American historian. He was born in Strykersville, New York, and educated at Yale graduating in 1883 with high honors. He taught at Adelbert College, Cleveland from 1888 to 1895 when he became a professor of history at Yale. Bourne is considered one of the founders of Latin American history as a field in the United States. The publication of his Spain in America , was "a major landmark in the development of the field," which "gave a lucid synthesis of the institutional life of Spanish America, ranging also through economic, social, and cultural developmen...
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