The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
Students and researchers now have a fast and reliable way to find influential thinkers from 24 disciplines and 300 sub-disciplines (and growing). If you want to find history’s most influential philsosophers, or the world’s most influential mathematicians currently, now you can.
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List of the most influential people in History,
#8201
Arnold van Gennep
1873 - 1957 (84 years)
Arnold van Gennep, in full Charles-Arnold Kurr van Gennep was a Dutch–German-French ethnographer and folklorist. Biography He was born in Ludwigsburg, in the Kingdom of Württemberg . Since his parents were never married, Van Gennep adopted his Dutch mother's name, "van Gennep". When he was six, he and his mother moved to Lyons, France, where she married a French doctor who moved the family to Savoy.
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George Lyman Kittredge
1860 - 1941 (81 years)
George Lyman Kittredge was a professor of English literature at Harvard University. His scholarly edition of the works of William Shakespeare was influential in the early 20th century. He was also involved in American folklore studies and was instrumental in the formation and management of the Harvard University Press. One of his better-known books concerned witchcraft in England and New England.
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Dorothy Hartley
1893 - 1985 (92 years)
Dorothy Rosaman Hartley was an English social historian, illustrator, and author. Daughter of a clergyman, she studied art, which she later taught. Her interest in history led her into writing. Among her books are six volumes of The Life and Work of the People of England, covering six centuries of English history.
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Johann Georg von Eckhart
1664 - 1730 (66 years)
Johann Georg von Eckhart was a German historian and linguist. Biography Eckhart was born at Duingen in the Principality of Calenberg. After preparatory training at Schulpforta, he went to Leipzig, where at first, at the desire of his mother, he studied theology, but soon turned his attention to philology and history. On completing his course he became secretary to Field-Marshal Count Flemming, chief minister to the Elector of Saxony; after a short time, however, he went to Hannover to find a permanent position.
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Eric F. Goldman
1916 - 1989 (73 years)
Eric Frederick Goldman was an American historian, Rollins Professor of History at Princeton University, and Presidential advisor. Life Born in Washington, D.C., United States, he was educated in public schools in Baltimore, Maryland, and graduated from Johns Hopkins University with a Ph.D. in history at age 22. He wrote on national affairs for Time magazine. He joined Princeton University as an assistant professor in 1942. He became a full professor in 1955, until retirement in 1985. He was special advisor to President Lyndon B. Johnson from 1963 to 1966. He served as president of the Society of American Historians from 1962 to 1969.
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Susobhan Sarkar
1900 - 1982 (82 years)
Susobhan Chandra Sarkar was an Indian historian. Background and education Sarkar, son of Suresh Chandra Sarkar, was born into a Brahmo family of Dhaka. He attended Dhaka Collegiate School, studied history at Presidency College, Calcutta and continued his higher education at Jesus College, Oxford, from 1923 to 1925. His daughter Sipra Sarkar was a professor of history at Jadavpur University, Calcutta and Sumit Sarkar was professor of history at Delhi University.
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Jovan Rajić
1726 - 1801 (75 years)
Jovan Rajić was a Serbian writer, historian, theologian, and pedagogue, considered one of the greatest Serbian academics of the 18th century. He was one of the most notable representatives of Serbian Baroque literature along with Zaharije Orfelin, Pavle Julinac, Vasilije III Petrović-Njegoš, Simeon Končarević, Simeon Piščević, and others .
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Arnold Schaefer
1819 - 1883 (64 years)
Arnold Dietrich Schaefer was a German ancient historian, who was a professor of history at the University of Greifswald and then at the University of Bonn . Academic background After attending the from 1833 to 1838, Schaefer studied philology and history at the University of Leipzig. His teachers included Moritz Haupt , Gottfried Hermann , and Wilhelm Wachsmuth . After his graduation, Schaefer initially attempted a habilitation project on Old High German, supervised by Moritz Haupt. Due to a favourable job offer from the educationalist Karl Justus Blochmann , Schaefer was persuaded to relocate to Dresden, where he subsequently taught classes in history and ancient languages at the .
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Roy Franklin Nichols
1896 - 1973 (77 years)
Roy Franklin Nichols was an American historian, who won the 1949 Pulitzer Prize for History for The Disruption of American Democracy. Biography Nichols was born in Newark, New Jersey, to Franklin Coriell and Annie Cairns Nichols. His wife was the historian Jeannette Paddock Nichols . He graduated from Rutgers University in 1918. He completed a Master of Arts degree from Rutgers in 1919. He was a fellow at Columbia University from 1920 to 1921, and an instructor in history at Columbia from 1921 to 1925. He completed a PhD degree from Columbia in 1923. In 1925 he was appointed assistant professor of history at the University of Pennsylvania.
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Will Erich Peuckert
1895 - 1969 (74 years)
Will-Erich Peuckert was a German folklorist. Life Peuckert was born in Töppendorf in Lower Silesia on May 1, 1895. He studied History and Volkskunde at the University of Breslau, where he delivered his dissertation, and went on teach at the Pedagogical Academy in Breslau. There he began to make a name for himself through several publications on German and Silesian folklore. Before he reached professorship, a defamation campaign pressed by a colleague convinced the Nazi authorities to revoke his teaching permissions in 1935. Peuckert doggedly refused to compromise his work with Nazi pressure, ...
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Magnus IV of Sweden
Magnus IV was King of Sweden from 1319 to 1364, King of Norway as Magnus VII from 1319 to 1355, and ruler of Scania from 1332 to 1360. By adversaries he has been called Magnus Smek . Referring to Magnus Eriksson as Magnus II is incorrect. The Swedish Royal Court lists three Swedish kings before him of the same name. A few authors do not count Magnus Nilsson as a Swedish king and have thus called this king Magnus III. He is the second longest-reigning monarch in Swedish history, only surpassed by the current king Carl XVI Gustaf, who surpassed Magnus in 2018.
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John Millar
1735 - 1801 (66 years)
John Millar of Glasgow was a Scottish philosopher, historian and Regius Professor of Civil Law at the University of Glasgow from 1761 to 1800. Biography Born a son of the manse of the Kirk o' Shotts, Shotts, Lanarkshire, John Millar was educated by an uncle and then on his father being transferred to the parish of Hamilton, at the Old Grammar School of Hamilton Continuing his studies at the University of Glasgow, he became one of the most important followers of Adam Smith, the founder of economic science. For a short time in the 1750s he was tutor in the household of Henry Home, Lord Kames. In 1760 he was admitted to the Faculty of Advocates.
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Jacques de Vitry
1170 - 1240 (70 years)
Jacques de Vitry was a French canon regular who was a noted theologian and chronicler of his era. He was elected bishop of Acre in 1214 and made cardinal in 1229. His Historia Orientalis is an important source for the historiography of the Crusades.
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Stanisław Herbst
1907 - 1973 (66 years)
Stanisław Herbst was a Polish historian, researcher of modern history, and military historian. He was a professor at the University of Warsaw and the Dzerzhinsky Political-Military Academy in Warsaw, and was also the president of the Polish Historical Society. Pupils of his included Zdzisław Spieralski and Tomasz Strzembosz.
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Max Lehmann
1845 - 1929 (84 years)
Max Lehmann was a German historian. He studied philology and history at the universities of Königsberg, Bonn and Berlin, receiving his doctorate at the latter institution in 1867. In 1879 Lehmann began to teach in the Berlin Military Academy, and in 1887 was made a member of the Prussian Academy. A year later, he succeeded Max Lenz at Marburg as a professor of history. In 1893 he was appointed to a similar position at the University of Leipzig, and later the same year, relocated to the University of Göttingen as a professor of medieval and modern history. Famed Polish historian Szymon Askenaz...
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Francis J. Haverfield
1860 - 1919 (59 years)
Francis John Haverfield, was an English ancient historian, archaeologist, and academic. From 1907 to 1919 he held the Camden Professorship of Ancient History at the University of Oxford. Education Educated at Winchester College and New College, University of Oxford. At Oxford he gained a First in Classical Moderations in 1880 and a Second in Literae Humaniores in 1883. He worked for a time under Theodor Mommsen. He won the Conington Prize at Oxford in 1891 and in the following year was appointed a Student [Fellow] of Christ Church, Oxford. In 1907 he moved to Brasenose College to become Cam...
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Isaak Mints
1896 - 1991 (95 years)
Isaak Izrailevich Mints was the leading Soviet historian in the early and mid-twentieth century. In 1949 he lost most of his academic positions following a campaign against him by his colleague Arkady Sidorov that was part of the drive by Joseph Stalin to eliminate the "rootless cosmopolitans", most of whom were Jewish.
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Władysław Witwicki
1878 - 1948 (70 years)
Władysław Witwicki was a Polish psychologist, philosopher, translator , historian and artist. He is seen as one of the fathers of psychology in Poland. Witwicki was also the creator of the theory of , theory of feelings, and he dealt with the issues of the psychology of religion, and the creation of secular ethics. He was one of the initiators and co-founders of Polish Philosophical Society. He is one of the thinkers associated with the Lwów–Warsaw school.
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Sydney E. Ahlstrom
1919 - 1984 (65 years)
Sydney Eckman Ahlstrom was an American historian. He was a Yale University professor and a specialist in the religious history of the United States. Biography Ahlstrom was born on December 16, 1919, in Cokato, Minnesota, the son of Joseph T. Ahlstrom and Selma Ahlstrom , who were Swedish-American Lutherans. He graduated from Gustavus Adolphus College in St. Peter, Minnesota, with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1941, and served in the US Army during the Second World War. He earned a master's degree at the University of Minnesota in 1946 and a Doctor of Philosophy degree at Harvard University in 1952.
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Carl Ferdinand Friedrich Lehmann-Haupt
1861 - 1938 (77 years)
Carl Ferdinand Friedrich Lehmann-Haupt was a German orientalist and historian. He specialized in Urartian research, and was co-author of Corpus Inscriptionum Chaldicarum, a corpus of Urartian inscriptions.
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Sven Lagerbring
1707 - 1787 (80 years)
Sven Lagerbring was a Swedish professor and historian. He has been described as "the first Swedish historian in the modern sense." Lagerbring was a professor at Lund University. He initiated more modern, critical research in Swedish history alongside Olof von Dalin. He published a wide range of works, including the influential four-volume . Lagerbring became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of History and Antiquities in 1786.
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Wilhelm von Giesebrecht
1814 - 1889 (75 years)
Friedrich Wilhelm von Giesebrecht was a German historian. He was born in Berlin, the son of Karl Giesebrecht , and a nephew of the poet Ludwig Giesebrecht . He studied under Leopold von Ranke, and his first important work, Geschichte Ottos II., was contributed to Ranke's Jahrbücher des deutschen Reichs unter dem sächsischen Hause . In 1841 he published his Jahrbücher des Klosters Altaich, a reconstruction of the lost Annales Altahenses, a medieval source of which fragments only were known to be extant, and these were obscured in other chronicles. The brilliance of this performance was shown i...
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Vyacheslav Volgin
1879 - 1962 (83 years)
Vyacheslav Petrovich Volgin was a Soviet and Russian historian who wrote a number of books on early forms or precursors of communism, and who became vice-president of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
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George Pachymeres
1242 - 1310 (68 years)
George Pachymeres was a Byzantine Greek historian, philosopher, music theorist and miscellaneous writer. Biography Pachymeres was born at Nicaea, in Bithynia, where his father had taken refuge after the capture of Constantinople by the Latins in 1204. Upon the recovery of Constantinople from the Latin Empire by Michael VIII Palaeologus, Pachymeres settled there, studied law, entered the church, and subsequently became chief advocate of the church and chief justice of the imperial court.
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Henry Hart Milman
1791 - 1868 (77 years)
Henry Hart Milman was an English historian and ecclesiastic. Life He was born in London, the third son of Sir Francis Milman, 1st Baronet, physician to King George III . Educated at Eton and at Brasenose College, Oxford, his university career was brilliant. He won the Newdigate prize with a poem on the Apollo Belvidere in 1812, was elected a fellow of Brasenose in 1814, and in 1816 won the English essay prize with his Comparative Estimate of Sculpture and Painting. In 1816 he was ordained, and two years later became parish priest of St Mary's, Reading.
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Jacques Godechot
1907 - 1989 (82 years)
Jacques Léon Godechot was a French historian of the French Revolution and a pioneer of Atlantic history. As a frequent and varied contributor to the Annales Historiques de la Révolution Française, he acted as "a mediator, an intermediary between readers of the journal and Anglo-Saxon and Italian historiography of the Revolution". His emphasis on the international dimension of the late-18th- and early-19th-century revolutions was crystallized in the concepts of Atlantic history and 'occidental revolution'. In 1955, Godechot collaborated with the Yale historian Robert Roswell Palmer to present ...
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Gotthard Deutsch
1859 - 1921 (62 years)
Gotthard Deutsch was a scholar of Jewish history. Education Deutsch was born in Dolní Kounice, Moravia, Austria, as Eliezer Deutsch, the son of Bernhard L. Deutsch, a merchant, and Elise Wiener. He always called himself Gotthard, an attempted translation into German of his Jewish given name. Deutsch entered Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau in October 1876. While attending seminary classes, he also enrolled in afternoon classes at the University of Breslau. At the seminary, he was influenced by the noted Jewish historian Heinrich Graetz. Matriculating in 1879 at the University of Vienna, two years later he received his Ph.D.
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Thomas Hearne
1678 - 1735 (57 years)
Thomas Hearne or Hearn was an English diarist and prolific antiquary, particularly remembered for his published editions of many medieval English chronicles and other important historical texts. Life Hearne was born at Littlefield Green in the parish of White Waltham, Berkshire, the son of George Hearn, the parish clerk. Having received his early education from his father, he showed such taste for study that a wealthy neighbour, Francis Cherry of Shottesbrooke , a celebrated nonjuror, interested himself in the boy, and sent him to the school at Bray "on purpose to learn the Latin tongue". Soo...
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Guy Chapman
1889 - 1972 (83 years)
Major Guy Patterson Chapman was an English historian and author. He served in the British army in both world wars. Early life and education Chapman was educated at Westminster School, Christ Church, Oxford and the London School of Economics.
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John Symonds
1730 - 1807 (77 years)
John Symonds was an English academic, who became professor of modern history at the University of Cambridge. Biography Born at Horringer, Suffolk, he was the eldest son of Rev. John Symonds , rector of the parish, by his wife, Mary Spring , daughter of Sir Thomas Spring, 3rd Baronet of Pakenham and Hon. Merelina Jermyn, daughter of Thomas Jermyn, 2nd Baron Jermyn. His younger brother was British Naval Captain Thomas Symonds, who was the father of Admiral Sir William Symonds. John inherited the family estates while his brother went to sea.
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E. J. Rapson
1861 - 1937 (76 years)
Edward James Rapson FBA was a British numismatist, philologist and professor of Sanskrit at the University of Cambridge. He was a fellow of St. John's College. Rapson died following a sudden collapse at dinner at St. John's.
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Christopher Lloyd
1906 - 1986 (80 years)
Charles Christopher Lloyd was a British naval historian, who served as Professor of History at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, 1962–1966. Early life and education The son of E. S. Lloyd CSI, Christopher Lloyd was educated at Marlborough College and Lincoln College, Oxford. In 1938, he married Katherine Brenda Sturge, with whom he had one son and one daughter.
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Mikhail Tikhomirov
1893 - 1965 (72 years)
Mikhail Nikolayevich Tikhomirov was a leading Soviet specialist in medieval Russian paleography. Tikhomirov was born and spent his whole life in Moscow, where he was in charge of the Archaeographic Commission of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR . He was responsible for the Soviet edition of the Full Collection of Russian Chronicles and edited collections of many other medieval documents, including the Russkaya Pravda and Sobornoye Ulozhenie.
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Charles Kendall Adams
1835 - 1902 (67 years)
Charles Kendall Adams was an American educator and historian. He served as the second president of Cornell University from 1885 until 1892, and as president of the University of Wisconsin from 1892 until 1901. At Cornell he established a new law school, built a library, and appointed eminent research professors for the Ivy League school. At Wisconsin, he negotiated ever-increasing appropriations from the state legislature, especially for new buildings such as the library. He was the editor-in-chief of Johnson's Universal Cyclopaedia , and of the successor Universal Cyclopaedia , sometimes r...
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Georg Friedrich Sartorius
1765 - 1828 (63 years)
Georg Friedrich Sartorius was a German research historian, economist and professor at Göttingen University. Biography Sartorius was born in Kassel, where he attended gymnasium. Then he studied theology and also orientalism in Göttingen. Later he changed to history and started working at the Library there. He was appointed as professor in history in 1802. His major work was his monograph Geschichte des Hanseatischen Bundes. published in three volumes 1802–1808. His research on this topic was the first modern work on the Hanseatic League. A second edition prepared by him was published post mortem in 1830.
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David Thomson
1912 - 1970 (58 years)
David Thomson was an English historian who wrote several books about British and European history. Education He was educated at the Monoux School Walthamstow and was then a Scholar of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge from 1931 to 1934 and took first-class honours in both parts of the Historical Tripos. He had a long association with the college and was subsequently a Research Fellow, a Fellow and finally a Master.
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Snorri Sturluson
1179 - 1241 (62 years)
Snorri Sturluson was an Icelandic historian, poet, and politician. He was elected twice as lawspeaker of the Icelandic parliament, the Althing. He is commonly thought to have authored or compiled portions of the Prose Edda, which is a major source for what is today known as Norse mythology, and Heimskringla, a history of the Norse kings that begins with legendary material in Ynglinga saga and moves through to early medieval Scandinavian history. For stylistic and methodological reasons, Snorri is often taken to be the author of Egil's saga. He was assassinated in 1241 by men claiming to be ag...
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Eric Linklater
1899 - 1974 (75 years)
Eric Robert Russell Linklater CBE was a Welsh-born Scottish poet, fiction writer, military historian, and travel writer. For The Wind on the Moon, a children's fantasy novel, he won the 1944 Carnegie Medal from the Library Association for the year's best children's book by a British subject.
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Gustave E. von Grunebaum
1909 - 1972 (63 years)
Gustave Edmund von Grunebaum was an Austrian historian and Arabist. Born in Vienna, Grunebaum received his Ph.D. in Oriental Studies at the University of Vienna in 1931 with a dissertation on classical Arabic poetry. When Nazi Germany absorbed Austria in the Anschluss of 1938, he went to the United States, where he was given a position at the Asia Institute in New York City by Arthur Upham Pope, an eminent authority on Persian art and antiquities who used the institute to help a number of displaced German scholars find work in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s. In 1943, he moved on to the University of Chicago, and was made professor of Arabic in 1949.
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Charles Perry Stacey
1906 - 1989 (83 years)
Colonel Charles Perry Stacey was a Canadian historian and university professor. He served as the official historian of the Canadian Army in the Second World War and published extensively on military and political matters.
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Cyrus Adler
1863 - 1940 (77 years)
Cyrus Adler was an American educator, Jewish religious leader and scholar. Early years Adler was born to merchant and planter Samuel Adler and Sarah Sulzberger in Van Buren, Arkansas on September 13, 1863, but in the next year his parents removed to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and soon he attended the public schools there, and in 1879 he entered the University of Pennsylvania, where graduated in 1883. He afterwards pursued Oriental studies in Johns Hopkins University, was appointed university scholar there in 1884, and was fellow in Semitic languages from 1885 to 1887, when he gained the firs...
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Alexander Brückner
1834 - 1896 (62 years)
Alexander Brückner was a Baltic German historian who specialized in Russian studies. He was the father of geographer Eduard Brückner. He studied history and economics at the universities of Heidelberg, Jena and Berlin, receiving his doctorate in Heidelberg with a dissertation on the history of the Diet of Worms . As a student, his instructors included Johann Gustav Droysen, Ludwig Häusser, Leopold von Ranke and Friedrich von Raumer. From 1861 to 1867 he served as a professor of history at the Imperial Law School in St. Petersburg, and afterwards was a professor of history at the universities ...
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King Zhou of Shang
1105 BC - 1046 BC (59 years)
King Zhou was the pejorative posthumous name given to Di Xin of Shang or King Shou of Shang , the last king of the Shang dynasty of ancient China. He is also called Zhou Xin . In Chinese, his name Zhòu also refers to a horse crupper, the part of a saddle or harness that is most likely to be soiled by the horse. It is not to be confused with the name of the succeeding dynasty, which has a different character and pronunciation .
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Friedrich Baethgen
1890 - 1972 (82 years)
Friedrich Jürgen Baethgen was a German historian born in Greifswald. He specialized in medieval studies and in history of the papacy. He studied history at the Universities of Berlin and Heidelberg, earning his doctorate in 1913 under the guidance of Karl Hampe with a thesis on Pope Innocent III. Afterwards, he was a lecturer and associate professor at Heidelberg, then becoming a professor of history at the University of Königsberg . From 1939 to 1948 he taught classes in Berlin.
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Raphael Mahler
1899 - 1977 (78 years)
Raphael Mahler was a Galician-born Jewish historian who worked in Poland, America, and Israel. Life Mahler was born on August 15, 1899, in Nowy Sącz, Galicia, Austria-Hungary, the son of a scholarly and business family. He attended the Nowy Sącz municipal public school, where he was the only Jewish student, went to the Nowy Sącz yeshiva, and studied with private tutors.
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William Milligan Sloane
1850 - 1928 (78 years)
William Milligan Sloane was an American educator and historian. Career William Milligan Sloane was born in Richmond, Ohio on November 12, 1850. He graduated from Columbia College of Columbia University, where he was a member of the Philolexian Society, in 1868, and afterward was employed as instructor in classics at the Newell School in Pittsburgh until 1872. From 1872 to 1876 he studied at the universities of Berlin and Leipzig. He studied history under Mommsen and Droysen, and much of the time he worked as private secretary to George Bancroft, United States Minister at Berlin. He received a...
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Herbert Dingle
1890 - 1978 (88 years)
Herbert Dingle was an English physicist and philosopher of science, who served as president of the Royal Astronomical Society from 1951 to 1953. He is best known for his opposition to Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity and the protracted controversy that this provoked.
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Alcée Fortier
1856 - 1914 (58 years)
Alcée Fortier was a renowned Professor of Romance Languages at Tulane University in New Orleans. In the late 19th and early 20th century, he published numerous works on language, literature, Louisiana history and folklore, Louisiana Creole languages, and personal reminiscence. He had French Creole ancestry dating to the colonial period.
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Alois Vojtěch Šembera
1807 - 1882 (75 years)
Alois Vojtěch Šembera, also Alois Adalbert Sembera or Alois Adalbert Schembera was a Czech linguist, historian of literature, writer, journalist and patriot. Life and work He was born in Vysoké Mýto, Bohemia, Austrian Empire. During 1819–1826 he studied at the gymnasium in Litomyšl, during 1826/27 philology at the Charles University in Prague and then law at the same university .
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Harry Bresslau
1848 - 1926 (78 years)
Harry Bresslau was a German historian and scholar of state papers and of historical and literary muniments . He was born in Dannenberg/Elbe and died in Heidelberg. He is the father of Ernst Bresslau and his daughter, Helene married the polymath, Albert Schweitzer.
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