The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
Students and researchers now have a fast and reliable way to find influential thinkers from 24 disciplines and 300 sub-disciplines (and growing). If you want to find history’s most influential philsosophers, or the world’s most influential mathematicians currently, now you can.
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List of the most influential people in Literature,
#7201
Josephine Johnson
1910 - 1990 (80 years)
Josephine Winslow Johnson was an American novelist, poet, and essayist. She won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1935 at age 24 for her first novel, Now in November. To this day she's the youngest person to win the Pulitzer for Fiction. Shortly thereafter, she published Winter Orchard, a collection of short stories that had previously appeared in The Atlantic Monthly, Vanity Fair, The St. Louis Review, and Hound & Horn. Of these stories, "Dark" won an O. Henry Award in 1934, and "John the Six" won an O. Henry Award third prize the following year. Johnson continued writing short stories and won three more O.
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Mary Augusta Scott
1851 - 1918 (67 years)
Mary Augusta Scott was a scholar and professor of English at Smith College. She was one of the first women to receive a PhD from Yale University, in 1894. Biography Scott was born in Dayton, Ohio, and received her master's degree at Vassar College. She studied at Newnham College, University of Cambridge, Johns Hopkins University, and Yale University; she earned her Ph.D. from Yale in 1894.
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John Davenport
1908 - 1966 (58 years)
John Lancelot Agard Bramhall Davenport was an English critic and book reviewer who wrote for, amongst other publications, The Observer and The Spectator. He was a mentor to the critic Nora Sayre. Life The son of Robert Davenport , a self-described "dramatic author", writer and illustrator of children's stories, and writer of lyrics for popular songs and the actress Muriel George , Davenport was primarily raised at Barons Court by his grandmother, and subsequently educated at St Paul's and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, at which latter he opted to study rather than taking up a history scholarship he had won to Hertford College, Oxford.
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Robert Finch
1900 - 1995 (95 years)
Robert Duer Claydon Finch was a Canadian poet and academic. He twice won Canada's top literary honor, the Governor General's Award, for his poetry. Life Born in Freeport, Long Island, New York, Finch was educated at the University of Toronto and the Sorbonne. He was a professor of French at the University of Toronto for four decades , and an expert on French poetry.
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Jacqueline Susann
1918 - 1974 (56 years)
Jacqueline Susann was an American novelist and actress. Her iconic novel, Valley of the Dolls , is one of the best-selling books in publishing history. With her two subsequent works, The Love Machine and Once Is Not Enough , Susann became the first author to have three novels top The New York Times Best Seller list consecutively.
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Karl Friedrich Heinrich
1774 - 1838 (64 years)
Karl Friedrich Heinrich was a German classical philologist. He studied under Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Jacobs and Johann Kaspar Friedrich Manso at the gymnasium in Gotha. From 1791 he studied theology at the University of Göttingen, where under the influence of Christian Gottlob Heyne, he changed his focus to philology. In 1804 he became a professor of Greek literature at the University of Kiel, then in 1818 relocated to the University of Bonn as a professor of classical philology. At Bonn, he served as director of the philological seminar.
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Marvin Mudrick
1921 - 1986 (65 years)
Marvin Mudrick taught at UC Santa Barbara from 1949 until his death in October 1986. He created the university's College of Creative Studies in 1967 and was its provost until forced out by Chancellor Robert Huttenback in 1984. He wrote 100 essays on books for The Hudson Review and published five collections of his essays on books and writers. He also wrote for The New York Review of Books and Harper's.
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John Richardson
1796 - 1852 (56 years)
John Richardson was a Canadian officer in the British Army who became the first Canadian-born novelist to achieve international recognition. Life Richardson was born at Fort George or in Queenston on the Niagara River in 1796. His mother Madelaine was the daughter of the fur trader John Askin and an Odawa woman Monette. His father, Dr. Robert Richardson, was a surgeon with the Queen's Rangers. As a young boy, Richardson lived for a time with his grandparents in Detroit and later with his parents at Fort Malden, Amherstburg. His step-mother, Marie Archange Barthe, told him of stories about ea...
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Medea Norsa
1877 - 1952 (75 years)
Medea Vittoria Irma Norsa was an Italian papyrologist and philologist. She headed the Istituto Papirologico Girolamo Vitelli in Florence from 1935 to 1949. Early life and education Norsa was born to Michele Norsa and Silvia Vittoria Krosna in Trieste on 26 August 1877, the oldest of four children. She was christened Medea Vittoria Irma on 16 September 1877. After Silvia's death in 1886, her father married Caterina Giovanna Furlani in 1894 and had three more children.
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Herman J. Mankiewicz
1897 - 1953 (56 years)
Herman Jacob Mankiewicz was an American screenwriter who, with Orson Welles, wrote the screenplay for Citizen Kane . Both Mankiewicz and Welles would go on to receive the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the film. He was previously a Berlin correspondent for Women’s Wear Daily, assistant theater editor at The New York Times, and the first regular drama critic at The New Yorker. Alexander Woollcott said that Mankiewicz was the "funniest man in New York".
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Arthur Johnston
1579 - 1641 (62 years)
Arthur Johnston was a Scottish poet and physician. He was born in Caskieben near Inverurie in Aberdeenshire. His father, Sir George Johnston, was an Aberdeenshire laird, and his mother Christian Forbes was the daughter of Lord Forbes.
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Ivan Chemnitzer
1745 - 1784 (39 years)
Ivan Ivanovitch Chemnitzer or Khemnitzer was a Russian fabulist, born at Yenotayevsk, Astrakhan Governorate, the son of a German physician of Chemnitz, who had served in the Russian army under Peter the Great. He participated in the campaigns of the Seven Years' War and afterward devoted himself to mining engineering and subsequently visited Germany, Holland, and France. Upon his return he accepted a position as Consul to Smyrna, where an attack of melancholia hastened his death.
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Dorothy Fields
1905 - 1974 (69 years)
Dorothy Fields was an American librettist and lyricist. She wrote over 400 songs for Broadway musicalss and films. Her best-known pieces include "The Way You Look Tonight" , "A Fine Romance" , "On the Sunny Side of the Street" , "Don't Blame Me" , "Pick Yourself Up" , "I'm in the Mood for Love" , "You Couldn't Be Cuter" and "Big Spender" . Throughout her career, she collaborated with various influential figures in the American musical theater, including Jerome Kern, Cy Coleman, Irving Berlin, and Jimmy McHugh. Along with Ann Ronell, Dana Suesse, Bernice Petkere, and Kay Swift, she was one o...
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Friedrich August Grotefend
1798 - 1836 (38 years)
Friedrich August Grotefend was a German philologist. Grotefend was a relative of Georg Friedrich Grotefend, who deciphered the cuneiform writing. Biography Grotefend studied theology and philology at the University of Göttingen, and afterwards was a teacher at the Pädagogium in Ilefeld . In 1831 he was appointed director of the gymnasium in Göttingen. In 1835 he received an associate professorship at the University of Göttingen, however he died soon afterwards on 28 February 1836.
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Catherine Winkworth
1827 - 1878 (51 years)
Catherine Winkworth was an English hymnwriter and educator. She translated the German chorale tradition of church hymns for English speakers, for which she is recognized in the calendar of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. She also worked for wider educational opportunities for girls, and translated biographies of two founders of religious sisterhoods. When 16, Winkworth appears to have coined a once well-known political pun, peccavi, "I have Sindh", relating to the British occupation of Sindh in colonial India.
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Su Shi
1037 - 1101 (64 years)
Su Shi , courtesy name Zizhan , art name Dongpo , was a Chinese calligrapher, essayist, gastronomer, pharmacologist, poet, politician, and travel writer who lived during the Song dynasty. A major personality of the Song era, at times holding high-level political positions, Su was also an important figure in Song Dynasty politics, aligning himself with Sima Guang and others, against the New Policy party led by Wang Anshi, gaining some level of popular support through his actions, and also sometimes experiencing politically motivated reversals to his government career.
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Marc Blitzstein
1905 - 1964 (59 years)
Marcus Samuel Blitzstein , was an American composer, lyricist, and librettist. He won national attention in 1937 when his pro-union musical The Cradle Will Rock, directed by Orson Welles, was shut down by the Works Progress Administration. He is known for The Cradle Will Rock and for his off-Broadway translation/adaptation of The Threepenny Opera by Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill. His works also include the opera Regina, an adaptation of Lillian Hellman's play The Little Foxes; the Broadway musical Juno, based on Seán O'Casey's play Juno and the Paycock; and No for an Answer. He completed trans...
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Harry Bloom
1913 - 1981 (68 years)
Harry Saul Bloom was a South African journalist, novelist, activist and lecturer. Early life and career Solomon Harris Bloom was born into a Jewish South African family. He was educated at the University of the Witwatersrand, obtaining his law degree in 1937. He subsequently became an advocate in Johannesburg. In 1940, he married Beryl Cynthia Gordon, after knowing her three weeks, and they moved to London, living in Old Compton Street during the Blitz. Writing under the pseudonyms Walter and Beryl Storm , they worked as war correspondents during the Second World War, and covered the Nurember...
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George Derwent Thomson
1903 - 1987 (84 years)
George Derwent Thomson was an English classical scholar, Marxist philosopher, and scholar of the Irish language. Classical scholar Thomson studied Classics at King's College, Cambridge, where he attained First Class Honours in the Classical Tripos and subsequently won a scholarship to Trinity College, Dublin. At TCD he worked on his first book, Greek Lyric Metre, and began visiting Na Blascaodaí in the early nineteen-twenties. He became lecturer and then Professor of Greek at University College Galway.
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Friedrich Müller
1834 - 1898 (64 years)
Friedrich Müller was an Austrian linguist and ethnologist who originated the term Hamito-Semitic languages for what are now called the Afro-Asiatic languages. Biography He studied at the University of Göttingen. His studies were completed at the University of Vienna , where he was librarian from 1858 to 1866, and then became extraordinary and then ordinary professor of comparative philology and Sanskrit. He was a member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and was one of the highest authorities on comparative philology and ethnology and the relations of the two sciences, being so regarded in...
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John Hudson
1662 - 1719 (57 years)
John Hudson , English classical scholar, was born at Wythop, near Cockermouth in Cumberland. He was educated at The Queen's College, Oxford, and spent the rest of his life at the University: appointed as a Fellow of University College, Oxford in 1686, Bodley's librarian in 1701, and in 1711 principal of St Mary Hall, Oxford. His political views stood in the way of his preferment in the church and university.
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Nikolai Stankevich
1813 - 1840 (27 years)
Nikolai Vladimirovich Stankevich was a Russian public figure, philosopher, and poet. Biography Nikolay Stankevich was born in Uderevka, Voronezh Governorate, and in 1834 graduated from the Moscow State University, where he was influenced by Professor Mikhail Kachenovsky and followers of the so-called "skeptical school" in historiography. By late 1831, Stankevich had organized a literary and philosophical society called the Circle of Stankevich. He had been under police surveillance since 1833 due to his connections with a group of oppositionary university students led by Ya.I. Kostenetsky. I...
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Gottlieb Christoph Harless
1738 - 1815 (77 years)
Gottlieb Christoph Harless was a German classical scholar and bibliographer. Biography He was born at Culmbach in Bavaria. He studied at the universities of Halle, Erlangen and Jena. In 1765 he was appointed professor of oriental languages and eloquence at the Gymnasium Casimirianum in Coburg, in 1770 professor of poetry and eloquence at Erlangen, and in 1776 librarian of the university. He held his professorship for forty-five years until his death.
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Friedrich von der Leyen
1873 - 1966 (93 years)
Friedrich Gustav von der Leyen was a German philologist who specialized in Germanic studies. Biography Friedrich Gustav von der Leyen was born in Bremen, Germany on 19 August 1873, and belonged to the House of Leyen. He was the son of the railroad lawyer and honorary professor Dr. jur. Alfred Friedrich von der Leyen and his wife Luise Isabella Kapp . Luise was the daughter of Friedrich Kapp and sister of Wolfgang Kapp. Friedrich had four siblings, among them Generalleutnant of the Wehrmacht Ludwig Friedrich von der Leyen .
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William Miller
1810 - 1872 (62 years)
William Miller was a Scottish poet best known for the nursery rhyme Wee Willie Winkie. Miller, known as "The Laureate of the Nursery", was born in Glasgow and lived in Dennistoun, Scotland. He suffered from ill health and was unable to become a surgeon and instead took up woodturning and cabinet making. At the same time he began writing poetry and children's rhymes, mainly in the Scots language. His poetry was published in various works including the Whistle-binkie books.
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José Luis Munárriz
1762 - 1830 (68 years)
José Luis Munárriz was a Spanish literary critic, translator and writer. Biography Munárriz completed his literary career, which ended at the age of twenty-two, at the University of Salamanca, where he remained until 1796 in order to complete his studies. He practiced literary criticism in the Semanario de Salamanca under the pseudonym Pablo Zamalloa. He settled in Madrid in 1796 and entered the service of the Philippine Company, where he first obtained the job of secretary. On 2 October of that same year he was elected an honorary member of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando; ...
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Christoph Wilhelm Mitscherlich
1760 - 1854 (94 years)
Christoph Wilhelm Mitscherlich was a German classical scholar. He wrote several books on ancient Greek literature. He is best remembered for his edition of the Odes and Epodes by the Roman poet Horace.
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Wang Jian
767 - 830 (63 years)
Wang Jian was a Chinese poet of the Tang dynasty. One of his poems is included in the famous anthology Three Hundred Tang Poems. Biography Wang Jian was born around 766. He died around 831. Poetry Wang Jian had one poem collected in Three Hundred Tang Poems, which was translated by Witter Bynner as "A Bride". He was also known to write in the rare six-syllable line, which is characterized by the presence of two caesuras per line, dividing each line into three parts of two syllables each.
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Ladislaus Pilars de Pilar
1874 - 1952 (78 years)
Ladislaus Baron Pilars de Pilar was a Polish poet, historian, entrepreneur and a literature professor at the University of Warsaw. Biography He was a son of Edward Gustaw Pilars , an accountant in Adolf Gottlieb Fiedler's cloth factory, and Ewa Grzankowska. He was of Spanish origin and , Zaragoza. Ladislaus married Antonia Freiin von Oer , who was a court lady of the princess of Mecklenburg - Antoinette, Tsar Nicholas II's cousin. Antonia Oer's father, Friedrich Reichsfreiherr von Oer, was chamberlain of prince Charles II. Isenburg-Birstein . Ladislaus and Antonia had three children: Eduard, Antoinette and Gabriel.
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Leonard Bacon
1887 - 1954 (67 years)
Leonard Bacon was an American poet, translator, and literary critic. The great-grandson of preacher Leonard Bacon, he graduated from Yale University in 1909, and subsequently taught at University of California, Berkeley until his retirement in 1923. In 1923, he started publishing poetry in the Saturday Review of Literature under the pseudonym 'Autholycus'. He and his family lived in Florence, Italy from 1927 to 1932. He won the 1941 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for his satiric poems Sunderland Capture. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1942.
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Ernst Karl Friedrich Wunderlich
1783 - 1816 (33 years)
Ernst Karl Friedrich Wunderlich was a German classical philologist born in Westerengel, a village near Trebra. He was the father of legal scholar Agathon Wunderlich . He studied classical philology at the University of Göttingen, where in 1806 he earned his doctorate. In 1808 he was appointed assessor at the university, where shortly afterwards he became an associate professor. One of his better known students at Göttingen was philologist Karl Lachmann . Wunderlich died from acute angina when he was in his early thirties.
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Paul Georgescu
1923 - 1989 (66 years)
Paul Georgescu was a Romanian literary critic, journalist, fiction writer and communist political figure. Remembered as both a main participant in the imposition of Socialist Realism in its Romanian form and a patron of dissenting modernist and postmodern literature, he began his career in politics during World War II, when he sided with the anti-fascist groups and the underground Romanian Communist Party in opposition to the Axis-aligned Ion Antonescu regime. During the first twenty years of Communist Romania, Georgescu assisted Leonte Răutu in exercising Stalinist control over local literat...
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Melpo Axioti
1905 - 1973 (68 years)
Melpo Axioti was a Greek writer who professed to Communism. She wrote in modern Greek. She spent most of her exile from 1947 to 1964, in the German Democratic Republic. Life and work The daughter of musician and composer Georgios Axiotis, she was raised on the Greek island of Mykonos without a mother. From 1918 to 1922 she attended the school of the Ursulines on the island of Tinos. After a short marriage with her theology professor Vassilis Markaris she went to Athens in 1930, where she soon debuted with short stories in the magazine Mykoniatika Chronika. She was one of the pioneers of Greek surrealism.
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William Henry Carpenter
1853 - 1936 (83 years)
William Henry Carpenter was an American philologist, and provost for Columbia University. Biography William Henry Carpenter was born in Utica, New York on July 15, 1853. He was educated at Cornell, Johns Hopkins, Hamilton College, Leipzig, and Freiburg. He then became instructor in rhetoric and lecturer on North European literature at Cornell in 1883. At Columbia University, he was instructor of German and Scandinavian languages, 1883–89; assistant professor of Germanic languages and literature, 1889–90; adjunct professor, 1890–95; and in 1895 professor of German philology. In 1912 he became the provost of Columbia.
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Marcin Szlachciński
1515 - Present (511 years)
Marcin Szlachciński was a Polish renaissance scholar; Polish, Latin and Ancient Greek translator; poet; philosopher and professor at the Jagiellonian University. Personal life Szlachciński was born in the village of Szlachcin in the Greater Poland as part of the Polish Szlachta, and used the Nowina coat of arms. He studied at the Jagiellonian University . He married a noble-born woman, Zofia Zberkowska of the Wczele coat of arms.
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Henry Rushton Fairclough
1862 - 1938 (76 years)
Henry Rushton Fairclough was an American classical philologist of Canadian ancestry. He taught and did research at Stanford University from 1893 to 1927. Life Henry Rushton Fairclough was born on 15 July 1862 in Barrie, Canada West. He was the son of James Fairclough and Elizabeth Erving Fairclough, attended the Collegiate Institute and studied classical philology at the University of Toronto. After obtaining his bachelor's degree, he became a fellow at the University College there, and taught Latin, Greek, and English at the high school in Brockville from 1884 to 1885. From 1885 to 1886 he c...
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Ludwig Schopen
1799 - 1867 (68 years)
Ludwig Schopen was a German classical philologist and Byzantinist. Biography As a gymnasium student in his hometown of Düsseldorf, he was encouraged by Karl Wilhelm Kortüm and Friedrich Kohlrausch to study history and philology. He studied at the University of Heidelberg as a pupil of Friedrich Creuzer, and in 1818 transferred to the newly-founded University of Bonn. Subsequently, he became a disciple of philologist Karl Friedrich Heinrich at Bonn, where in 1821 he received the first doctorate awarded by the faculty of philosophy.
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Jan Bake
1787 - 1864 (77 years)
Jan Bake was a Dutch philologist and critic. He was born in Leiden, and from 1817 to 1854 he was professor of Greek and Roman literature at the university. His principal works are:-Posidonii Rhodii Reliquiae Doctrinae Cleomedis Circularis Doctrina de Sublimitate Bibliotheca Critica Nova Scholica Hypomnemata , a collection of essays dealing mainly with Cicero and the Attic oratorsCicero, De Legibus and De Oratore Apsinis et Longini Rhethorica .His biography was written by his pupil Bakhuizen van der Brink ; for an appreciation of his services to classical literature see L Müller, Geschichte...
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Gerald Henry Rendall
1851 - 1945 (94 years)
Gerald Henry Rendall was an English educator and college administrator, born at Harrow, where his father was assistant master. He was educated at Harrow and at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating BA as 4th Classic in 1874.
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Olof August Danielsson
1852 - 1933 (81 years)
Olof August Danielsson was a Swedish linguist and classical philologist. Olof August Danielsson was born to Daniel Danielsson, a shoemaker, and Anna Brita Olofsdotter. In 1870 Danielsson began his studies in Uppsala. In 1879 he was Associate Professor of Classical Languages at the University in Uppsala, and was professor of comparative linguistics and Greek language and literature . He was appointed professor of classical languages at Göteborg University, although he never took up the appointment, becoming professor of Greek language and literature at Uppsala University instead. Danielsson was elected as a member of the Academy of Letters in 1901 and the Royal Academy of Sciences in 1905.
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George Sutherland Fraser
1915 - 1980 (65 years)
George Sutherland Fraser was a Scottish poet, literary critic and academic. Biography Fraser was born in Glasgow, Scotland, later moving with his family to Aberdeen. He attended the University of St. Andrews.
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Alfred Klotz
1874 - 1956 (82 years)
Alfred Klotz was a German classicist and scholar of Latin literature. Born into a family of classical scholars, he studied classical philology at the University of Leipzig and worked at the German University in Prague from 1911 until the outbreak of the First World War. After the war, he was appointed to the chair of Latin at the University of Erlangen.
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Johann Joseph Hoffmann
1805 - 1878 (73 years)
Johann Joseph Hoffmann was a noted German scholar who studied the Japanese and Chinese languages. Biography Hoffmann was born at Würzburg in the Electorate of Bavaria. After studying at Würzburg, he went on the stage in 1825; but owing to an accidental meeting with the German traveller Philipp Franz von Siebold in July 1830, his interest was diverted to Oriental philology. From Siebold he acquired the rudiments of Japanese, and in order to take advantage of the instructions of Ko-ching-chang, a Chinese teacher whom Siebold had brought home with him, he made himself acquainted with Malay, the...
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Carl Schmidt
1868 - 1938 (70 years)
Carl Schmidt was a German Coptologist. He made editions of various Coptic texts, and was active in Egypt in purchasing papyri for German universities. He also assisted Sir Chester Beatty in his papyri purchases.
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R. C. Sherriff
1896 - 1975 (79 years)
Robert Cedric Sherriff, FSA, FRSL was an English writer best known for his play Journey's End, which was based on his experiences as an army officer in the First World War. He wrote several plays, many novels, and multiple screenplays, and was nominated for an Academy Award and two BAFTA awards.
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Denis Saurat
1890 - 1958 (68 years)
Denis Saurat was an Anglo-French scholar, writer, and broadcaster on a wide range of topics, including explaining French society and culture to the English and what he called "philosophical poetry."
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Annamacharya
1408 - 1503 (95 years)
Tallapaka Annamacharya , also popularly known as Annamayya, was a musician, composer, and a Hindu saint. He is the earliest known Indian musician to compose songs called samkirtanas. His devotional samkirtanas were in the praise of Venkateswara, a form of Vishnu. The musical form of the kirtana songs that he composed, which are still popular among Carnatic music concert artists, have strongly influenced the structure of Carnatic music compositions. His compositions are classified as Adhyatma and Sringara . Annamacharya is remembered for his saintly life, as one of the greatest musicians and is honoured as a great devotee of Vishnu by devotees and saintly singers.
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Gustav Körting
1845 - 1913 (68 years)
Gustav Carl Otto Körting was a German philologist, whose specialty was focused on Romance languages and English. He was a brother of Heinrich Körting. He was born in Dresden and taught there after four years of study at Leipzig . From 1876 he taught classes in Romance and English philology at the Academy in Münster, and in 1892 relocated to the University of Kiel as a professor of Romance philology. In 1879 he became editor with Eduard Koschwitz of the "Zeitschrift für neufranzösische Sprache und Litteratur" and afterwards of "Französische Studien" .
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Robert Calvert
1945 - 1988 (43 years)
Robert Newton Calvert was a South African-British writer, poet, and musician. He is principally known for his role as lyricist, performance poet and lead vocalist of the space rock band Hawkwind. Early life Calvert was born in Pretoria, South Africa, and moved with his parents to England when he was two. He attended school in London and Margate, living in a flat in Arlington House. Having finished school he joined the Air Training Corps, in which he became a corporal and played trumpet for the 438 Squadron band. He then went on to college in Canterbury. After leaving college, and having been ...
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Harold Clarke Goddard
1878 - 1950 (72 years)
Harold Clarke Goddard was a professor in the English Department of Swarthmore College. Biography Born on August 13, 1878, in Worcester, Massachusetts, he attended Amherst College, graduating in 1900. He then taught mathematics there for two years. An interest in literature led him to Columbia University, where he received a PhD in English and comparative literature in 1909. He taught at Northwestern University from 1904 to 1909. From 1909 to his retirement in 1946, he was head of the English Department at Swarthmore College. He died in 1950. Although often believed to be a Quaker, Goddar...
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