The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
Students and researchers now have a fast and reliable way to find influential thinkers from 24 disciplines and 300 sub-disciplines (and growing). If you want to find history’s most influential philsosophers, or the world’s most influential mathematicians currently, now you can.
We also provide custom rankings of people by discipline as well as interviews with influential academics who are currently active.
To use this tool, select the discipline (and optional subdiscipline) relevant to your research, and specify influential academics by history, world, or US. Even results that are counterintuitive are often enlightening (our algorithm always picks up a signal).
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List of the most influential people in Literature,
#7501
Funahashi Seiichi
1904 - 1976 (72 years)
Seiichi Funahashi was a Japanese writer of short stories, novellas, novels and stage plays, active in the Shōwa period. Biography Funahashi was born in what is now part of Sumida, Tokyo, where his father was an assistant professor of engineering at Tokyo Imperial University. He had one sister and three younger brothers. As an infant, he suffered from pertussis, which developed into chronic asthma. When his father was transferred to Germany for further studies, Funahashi was entrusted to the care of his grandmother in the Koshigoe neighborhood of Kamakura, Kanagawa, where he spend most of his youth.
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Mary Bigelow Ingham
1832 - 1923 (91 years)
Mary Bigelow Ingham was an American author, educator, and religious worker. Dedicated to teaching, missionary work, and temperance reform, she served as professor of French and belles-lettres in the Ohio Wesleyan College; presided over and addressed the first public meeting ever held in Cleveland conducted exclusively by religious women; co-founded the Western Reserve School of Design ; and was a charter member of the order of the Daughters of the American Revolution.
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August Gottlieb Meißner
1753 - 1807 (54 years)
August Gottlieb Meissner was a German writer of the Enlightenment and is considered the founder of the German detective story. Life Meissner was born in Bautzen. His father was a government quartermaster. From 1764 to 1772 he attended the school in Löbau and graduated in law at the University of Wittenberg on 18 September 1772. In 1774 he moved to the University of Leipzig, where he finished his studies in 1776. During his studies he developed a passion for the theater and poetry. At the urging of his mother he went to Dresden, where he joined the Federation of Free Masons. After a journey ...
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Beatrice White
1902 - 1986 (84 years)
Beatrice Mary Irene White was a British literary scholar. She had a long association with Westfield College and the English Association. Life White was born in Ely in 1902. In 1919 she started her studies at King's College, London and four years later she graduated with a first class honours degree in English. Three years after that she obtained her master's degree at King's with a thesis about the life and works of the English poet Alexander Barclay. White went on for an extra two years to create an edition of Barclay's "Eclogues" in 1928. She dedicated this book to Professor A. W. Reed who ...
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Robinson Ellis
1834 - 1913 (79 years)
Robinson Ellis, FBA was an English classical scholar. Biography Ellis was born at Barming, near Maidstone, and was educated at Elizabeth College, Guernsey, Rugby School, and Balliol College, Oxford. He took a First in Classical Moderations in 1854 and a First in Literae Humaniores in 1856. In 1858 he became fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, and in 1870 professor of Latin at University College London. In 1876 he returned to Oxford, where from 1883 to 1893 he held the university readership in Latin. In 1893 he succeeded Henry Nettleship as Corpus Professor of Latin.
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Con Leventhal
1896 - 1979 (83 years)
A.J. Con Leventhal was an Irish lecturer, essayist, and critic. Early life and education Leventhal was born Abraham Jacob Leventhal in Lower Clanbrassil Street, Dublin on 9 May 1896. His parents were Rosa and Moses Leventhal. His father was a draper, and his mother was a poet. She was a Zionist, who was a founding member of the Women's Zionist Society. He lived in the "Little Jerusalem" of Dublin, the area around the South Circular Road, in his youth. He attended Wesley College, Dublin, and then Trinity College Dublin to study modern languages. He edited the TCD student magazine in 1918. I...
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Frederic M. Wheelock
1902 - 1987 (85 years)
Frederic Melvin Wheelock was an American Latin professor, best known for his authorship of Wheelock's Latin. Early life He was the son of Franklin M. and Etta R. Wheelock. He graduated cum laude from Harvard University in 1925 and later received both M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Harvard University.
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Ernst Moritz Ludwig Ettmüller
1802 - 1877 (75 years)
Ernst Moritz Ludwig Ettmüller , German philologist, was born at Gersdorf near Löbau, in Saxony. Biography He was privately educated by his father, the Protestant pastor of the village. He entered the gymnasium at Zittau in 1816, and studied from 1823 to 1826 at the University of Leipzig. After a period of about two years during which he was partly abroad and partly at Gersdorf, he proceeded to Jena, where in 1830 he delivered, under the auspices of the university, a course of lectures on the old Norse poets. Three years later he was called to occupy the mastership of German language and litera...
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Carlo Amoretti
1741 - 1816 (75 years)
Carlo Amoretti was an ecclesiastic, scholar, writer, and scientist. He entered the Augustinian order in 1757. To further his studies, he went to Pavia and Parma where he also taught ecclesiastical law.
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John Addington Symonds
1807 - 1871 (64 years)
John Addington Symonds was an English physician and author. Life He was born in Oxford, where his father John Symonds was a medical practitioner. His mother was Mary Williams, of Aston, Oxfordshire. Symonds was educated at Magdalen College School; at the age of sixteen he went to the University of Edinburgh for medical training, and graduated M.D. in 1828.
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Simon Henry Gage
1851 - 1944 (93 years)
Simon Henry Gage was a professor of anatomy, Histology, and Embryology at Cornell University and an important figure in the history of American microscopy. His book, The Microscope, appeared in seventeen editions. In 1931, a volume of the American Journal of Anatomy was dedicated to Gage on the occasion of his eightieth birthday.
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Francis X. Shea
1926 - 1977 (51 years)
Francis Xavier "Frank" Shea was an American Jesuit priest and educator who served as president of the College of St. Scholastica and, after leaving the Jesuit order, as chancellor of Antioch College.
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John Murray
1906 - 1984 (78 years)
John Murray was an American playwright best known for writing the 1937 play Room Service with Allen Boretz. Murray was born in New York and attended DeWitt Clinton High School, City College of New York, and Columbia University. His 1937 play, Room Service ran for 500 performances on Broadway and was turned into two films, the first, Room Service, starred the Marx Brothers, the second, Step Lively, starred Frank Sinatra. The play was also adapted for two television productions.
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Pierre de Labriolle
1874 - 1940 (66 years)
Pierre Champagne de Labriolle was a French philologist, Latinist and historian. Biography Pierre Champagne de Labriolle, conventionally known as Pierre de Labriolle, was born in Asnières-sur-Seine, Île-de-France on 18 June 1874. He was educated at the University of Paris. He was employed as a professor of French literature at the Université Laval in Montreal in 1898–1901, and of Latin language and literature at the University of Fribourg in 1904–1919, University of Poitiers in 1919–1926 and University of Paris from 1926 until May 1940.
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Helen Rose Hull
1888 - 1971 (83 years)
Helen Rose Hull was born in Albion, Michigan. She is remembered as a novelist, feminist, and English professor. Beginning her teaching career at Wellesley College and Barnard College, she went on to teach creative writing at the Ivy League institution, Columbia University for forty years with her lifelong partner, Mabel Louise Robinson.
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Olaus Verelius
1618 - 1682 (64 years)
Olaus or Olof Verelius was a Swedish scholar of Northern antiquities who published the first edition of a saga and the first Old Norse-Swedish dictionary and is held to have been the founder of the Hyperborean School which led to Gothicism.
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Thomas Hawkins
1729 - 1772 (43 years)
Thomas Hawkins was an English Anglican priest, academic and literary editor. He edited the second edition of the Hanmer Shakespeare—Sir Thomas Hanmer's Shakespeare edition—which appeared in 1771. His historical work The Origin of the English Drama appeared shortly after his death, in 1773.
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Friedrich August Wilhelm Spohn
1792 - 1824 (32 years)
Friedrich August Wilhelm Spohn was a German classical philologist. He was the son of theologian Gottlieb Lebrecht Spohn . In 1818 he became an associate professor of philosophy at the University of Leipzig, where during the following year he was appointed professor of Greek and Roman literature. He died in Leipzig on 17 January 1824, aged 31.
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Pak Mok-wol
1916 - 1978 (62 years)
Pak Mok-wol was an influential Korean poet and academic. Personal life He was born Pak Yeongjong on January 6, 1916, in Moryang Village, Seo-myeon, Gyeongju, North Gyeongsang Province, in present-day South Korea, to parents Pak Jun-pil and Pak In-jae . He had a younger brother and two younger sisters. He graduated from Keisung Middle School in Daegu in 1935. He lived in Tokyo from April 1937 until late 1939, during which period he devoted his time to writing. From September 1939 to September 1940, he had several of his poems published in the magazine . Afterwards, due to increasing wartime ...
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Alessandro Politi
1679 - 1752 (73 years)
Alessandro Politi , was an Italian philologist. Biography Alessandro Politi was born July 10, 1679, at Florence. After studying under the Jesuits, he entered at the age of fifteen the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools, and was conspicuous among its members by his rare erudition. He was called upon to teach rhetoric and peripatetic philosophy at Florence in 1700. Barring a period of about three years, during which he was a professor of theology at Genoa , he spent the greatest part of his life in his native city, availing himself of the manifold resources he could find there to improve his knowledge of Greek literature, his favorite study.
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Arthur Adams
1820 - 1878 (58 years)
Arthur Adams was an English physician and naturalist. Adams was assistant surgeon Royal Navy on board HMS Samarang during the survey of the islands of the Eastern Archipelago, from 1843 to 1846. He edited the Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Samarang . Adam White collaborated with him in the descriptions of the Crustacea from the voyage. In 1857, during the Second China War whilst serving as Surgeon on HMS Actaeon, he was present at the storming of Canton and awarded the China War Medal. He retired as Staff Surgeon aboard flagship HMS Royal Adelaide at Plymouth in 1870.
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Salvatore Satta
1902 - 1975 (73 years)
Salvatore Satta was an Italian jurist and writer. He is famous for the novel The Day of Judgment , and for several important studies on civil law. Biography He was the youngest son of notary Salvatore Satta and Antonietta Galfrè, and relative of Sebastiano Satta. After attending the Liceo classico in Nuoro and Sassari, he graduated in law in 1924 at the University of Sassari. He is considered one of Italy's foremost jurists, in particular for his works on the Italian civil code after the second world war, and one of the greatest Sardinian authors.
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Katyayanidas Bhattacharya
1917 - 1966 (49 years)
Katyayanidas Bhattacharya was an Indian scholar and philosopher of Indian and Western philosophy. Early life and education Born on 17 October 1917 , to Bhubaneswar Bhattacharya, an Ayurveda physician and Shailaja Devi, Katyayanidas passed his Matriculation Examination from his village school in Chunta and Intermediate Arts Examination from Bridaban College , Habiganj , in 1936 and 1939 respectively. In Intermediate Examination, he stood first in logic in the University of Calcutta and was awarded Saradaprasad Prize by the university. In between, he pursued traditional courses in Sanskrit for a year under Pandit Surendra Chandra Tarka-Sankhya-Vedantatirtha.
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Arnold Edward Ortmann
1863 - 1927 (64 years)
Arnold Edward Ortmann was a Prussian-born United States naturalist and zoologist who specialized in malacology. Biography Ortmann was born in Magdeburg, Prussia on April 8, 1863. A student of Ernst Haeckel, he graduated from the University of Jena in 1885 with a Ph.D.; he had also studied at the University of Kiel and the University of Strasbourg. From 1886 on, he worked as an instructor at the University of Strasbourg. Together with Haeckel, he participated in an expedition to Zanzibar in 1890/91. Three years later, he emigrated to the United States, where he got a post as the curator of the department of invertebrate paleontology at Princeton University.
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Sigismondo Boldoni
1597 - 1630 (33 years)
Sigismondo Boldoni was an Italian writer, philosopher, and physician. Boldoni was born in Bellano and died in Pavia from the plague shortly before his 33rd birthday. At the time of his death he held the principal chair in philosophy at the University of Pavia. His literary works included a description of the geography and history of Lake Como entitled Larius and the epic poem La caduta de' Longobardi . His letters of 1629 describing the advance of invading German armies in the region around Lake Como and the plague epidemic they brought in their wake were used by Manzoni as a source for his ...
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Gilbert Austin Davies
1868 - 1948 (80 years)
Gilbert Austin Davies was an English classical scholar. Life Davies was born in London. After education at Aldenham Grammar School and Owen’s College, Manchester, Davies went up to Trinity College, Cambridge, as a scholar in 1887. He began his academic career at Trinity, where he was a Fellow from 1892 to 1898, during which time he produced a school edition of the first book of Tacitus's Histories in 1896.
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Arnold Ridley
1896 - 1984 (88 years)
William Arnold Ridley, OBE was an English playwright and actor, earlier in his career known for writing the play The Ghost Train and later in life in the British TV sitcom Dad's Army as the elderly bumbling Private Godfrey, as well as in spin-offs including the feature film version and the stage production.
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John Brown
1810 - 1882 (72 years)
John Brown was a Scottish physician and essayist known for his three-volume Horae Subsecivae , containing essays and papers on art, medical history and biography. Best remembered are his dog story "Rab and his Friends" and his essays "Pet Marjorie" , on Marjorie Fleming, the ten-year-old prodigy and alleged "pet" of Walter Scott, "Our Dogs", "Minchmoor", and "The Enterkine". Brown was half-brother to the organic chemist Alexander Crum Brown.
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William C. deMille
1878 - 1955 (77 years)
William Churchill deMille , also spelled de Mille or De Mille, was an American screenwriter and film director from the silent film era through the early 1930s. He was also a noted playwright prior to moving into film. Once he was established in film he specialized in adapting Broadway plays into silent films.
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John Reeves
1774 - 1856 (82 years)
John Reeves was an English naturalist. He developed a notable collection of Chinese drawings of animals and plants. Reeves was the son of Reverend Jonathan Reeves of West Ham, Essex. Orphaned young, he was educated at Christ's Hospital and started working with a tea merchant. His knowledge of teas got him an appointment of inspector of tea in 1808. In 1812 he was sent to China in the employment of the British East India Company. He was responsible for the introduction of a number of garden plants to the West including Wisteria. Reeves was a correspondent of the Horticultural Society of London to which he sent specimens.
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Wilhelm Cloetta
1857 - 1911 (54 years)
Wilhelm Cloetta was a German Romance philologist and medievalist. He studied languages at the University of Zürich as a pupil of Heinrich Breitinger and Heinrich Schweizer-Sidler, and from 1877 continued his education in Paris, where his influences included Gaston Paris, Arsène Darmesteter and Paul Meyer. In 1884 he received his doctorate at the University of Göttingen with the dissertation Abfassungszeit und ueberlieferung des Poème Moral. In 1893 he relocated to Jena, where from 1895 to 1909 he taught classes as a full professor of Romance philology. Afterwards, he served as a professor at ...
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Francis Hastings Doyle
1810 - 1888 (78 years)
Sir Francis Hastings Charles Doyle, 2nd Baronet was a British poet. Biography Doyle was born near Tadcaster, Yorkshire, to a military family which produced several distinguished officers, including his father, Major-General Sir Francis Hastings Doyle, 1st Baronet, who was created a baronet in 1828. He succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his father in 1839.
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William Spalding
1809 - 1859 (50 years)
William Spalding was a Scottish writer and academic. For the last twenty years of his life he served as professor of rhetoric and logic, in addition to authoring essays, reviews and historical texts.
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Bernhard Blume
1901 - 1978 (77 years)
Bernhard Blume was an emigre from Nazi Germany who became a professor of German literature at Mills College, Ohio State University, Harvard University, and the University of California, San Diego. In addition to scholarly works, he authored several plays, a novel, and an autobiography.
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David Kalstone
1933 - 1986 (53 years)
David Kalstone was an American writer and literary critic. Biography Kalstone, born in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, was the recipient of a Fulbright Scholarship and studied at the University of Cambridge. He taught at Harvard University starting in 1959 and was a professor of English at Rutgers University from 1967 until his death.
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Ole Olsen
1892 - 1963 (71 years)
John Sigvard "Ole" Olsen was an American vaudevillian and comedian. Biography Olsen was married twice. He had four children with his first wife, Lillian Clem: John Charles, Robert Clem, Joy, and Moya. They were later divorced. His son, Robert died of miliary tuberculosis at age 2; son J. C., an actor, died by suicide in 1956. Moya married William P. Lear of Learjet fame in 1942. Ole was involved in a serious automobile accident in 1950 and recuperated at the Lear home. In June 1961 Ole married Eileen Maria Osthoff, a dancer and choreographer he had known for eight years.
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T. M. Chummar
1899 - 1987 (88 years)
Thattassery Mathai Chummar , commonly identified as T. M. Chummar, was an Indian academic and writer of Malayalam literature, best known for his books on its history. An associate of G. Sankara Kurup and Vailoppilli Sreedhara Menon, Chummar's books on Kunchan Nambiar and C. V. Raman Pillai detail their literary contributions. He was a recipient of the title Sahitya Nipunan, conferred on him by the Rajah of Cochin. The Kerala Sahitya Akademi honoured him with the distinguished fellowship in 1986.
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Manuel Ramos Otero
1948 - 1990 (42 years)
Manuel Ramos Otero was a Puerto Rican writer. He is widely considered to be the most important openly gay twentieth-century Puerto Rican writer who wrote in Spanish, and his work was often controversial due to its sexual and political content. Ramos Otero died in San Juan, Puerto Rico, due to complications from AIDS.
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Wolfgang von Wurzbach
1879 - 1957 (78 years)
Wolfgang von Wurzbach was an Austrian Romance language scholar, literary scholar, and collector. Life and work Alfred Wolfgang Ritter Wurzbach von Tannenberg was the son of Alfred von Wurzbach and Eugenie v. Wurzbach, the daughter of the banker Joseph Lippmann von Lissingen. He was a great-grandson of the Ljubljana lawyer Maximilian von Wurzbach, who had been raised to the nobility, and the grandson of the biographical lexicographer Constantin von Wurzbach. He studied at the University of Vienna, where he received his doctorate in 1902. He completed his habilitation1906/07 in Vienna for Romance literary history, 1911 expanded to Romance philology.
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Henrietta Gould Rowe
1835 - 1910 (75 years)
Henrietta Gould Rowe was an American litterateur and author of the long nineteenth century. Biography Henrietta Gould was born in East Corinth, Maine, 1835. She was the daughter of Aaron and Sarah Gould. Rowe received an academic education.
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Friedrich von Gerok
1786 - 1865 (79 years)
Friedrich von Gerok was a German theologian. After studying Gerok began his professional career in 1806, and from 1809 to 1811 he was librarian at Tübingen. From 1811 to 1814 he was assistant to the professor of classical literature at the University of Tübingen. In 1813 and 1814 he was a deacon in Vaihingen an der Enz and in 1815 at the Stuttgart Collegiate. In 1836 he was deacon and preacher at the hospital in Stuttgart. In 1848 he was appointed General Superintendent in Ludwigsburg, a position he held until his retirement in 1860.
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Einar Høigård
1907 - 1943 (36 years)
Einar Musæus Høigård was a Norwegian educator and civil resistance member. Biography Høigård was born in Stavanger, the son of Jonas Bernhard Høigård and Caroline Hansine Musæus. Among his works is a dissertation on Henrik Anker Bjerregaard from 1934 and a monograph on the history of Oslo Cathedral School from 1942. During the German occupation of Norway he played a central role in the teachers' resistance against Nazification of schools and youth organizations. He was arrested in 1943 during an escape attempt to Sweden, tortured by the Gestapo and committed suicide during interrogation.
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Brian Higgins
1930 - 1965 (35 years)
Brian Higgins was an Irish poet, mathematician and professional rugby league footballer. ‘Born at Batley in 1930, bored at Bradford in 1940, in 1950 he had an affair with the gamma function. He was educated in 1960 at the "York Minster", Soho.’ Thus states the biographical note on the endpaper of Brian Higgins's first book of poems, "The Only Need". Brian Higgins died in 1965, before his third book of poems "The Northern Fiddler" appeared. In an introduction to this book the poet George Barker wrote that Higgins "had perceived that the secret at the heart of affairs constituted the most in...
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John Hennig
1911 - 1986 (75 years)
John Hennig was a German theologian, businessman and scholar of Irish and German Literature. Origins Hennig was born in Leipzig on 3 March 1911, the son of a teacher, Max Hennig, and his wife Johanna Clemen. Like his brother Karl , later to be a theologian and pastor, Hans, as he was known, frequented the Thomasschule in Leipzig. The family was Lutheran. Hennig's mother was a deaconess at her marriage and his father had a doctorate in the psychology of religious perception and was an ordained minister, though he had chosen to become a high-school religion teacher rather than a pastor. A brot...
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Einar Löfstedt
1880 - 1955 (75 years)
Haimon Einar Harald Löfstedt was a Swedish Latinist and classical philologist. His father, also named Einar Löfstedt, was a scholar of Greek. He was Professor of Roman Oratory and Poetry at Lund University from 1913. Löfstedt was a member of the Swedish Academy, of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences, a corresponding fellow of the British Academy, and a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and of the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
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John Henry Whyte
1928 - 1990 (62 years)
John Henry Whyte was an Irish historian, political scientist and author of books on Northern Ireland, divided societies and church-state affairs in Ireland. Early life Whyte was born in 1928 in Penang, Malaya. His father was manager of a rubber plantation on the mainland. Whyte's family left Malaya, and returned to Europe when he was three, eventually settling in Rostrevor, County Down, Northern Ireland. The Whytes are a well known County Down family recorded in the area since at least 1713. The Whyte family is said to have come to Ireland from South Wales with Strongbow in 1170 and settled in Leinster.
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Antranig Dzarugian
1913 - 1989 (76 years)
Antranig Dzarugian was an influential diasporan Armenian writer, poet, educator, and journalist in the 20th century. Antranig Dzarugian was born in Gürün, Sivas Vilayet, Ottoman Empire in 1913. He was related to Chello Toros , one of the fighters of the Armenian irregular units against the Ottoman Empire. During the years of the Armenian genocide, Dzarugian separated from his mother as a result of the death marches in the Syrian desert and spent his childhood in the Armenian Orphanage of Aleppo. In 1921, he met his own mother in Aleppo and moved to the local Haygazian Armenian School to receive his elementary education.
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David Bell
1915 - 1959 (44 years)
Ernest David Bell was an English-born writer and curator, who was a controversial figure in Welsh arts by challenging the country's artistic heritage, but was also a supporter of young Welsh talent in the field of contemporary arts in the 20th century.
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Charles Rann Kennedy
1808 - 1867 (59 years)
Charles Rann Kennedy was an English lawyer and classicist, best remembered for his involvement in the Swinfen will case and the issues of contingency fee agreements and legal ethics that it involved.
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Lewis Packard
1836 - 1884 (48 years)
Lewis Richard Packard was an American scholar best known for his work, ‘’Morality and Religion of the Greeks’’. Early life He was born on August 22, 1836 in Philadelphia. His father was Friedrich Adolphus Packard. He graduated from Yale in 1856 with the intention of entering the ministry, but following a year of study at Berlin in 1857-8, a tour of Greece confirmed him as a Hellenist.
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