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List of the most influential people in Mathematics,

#9601

Meher Baba

1894 - 1969 (75 years)

Meher Baba was an Indian spiritual master who said he was the Avatar, or God in human form, of the age. A major spiritual figure of the 20th century, he had a following of hundreds of thousands of people, mostly in India, but with a significant number in the United States, Europe and Australia.

#9602

Ossip Zadkine

1888 - 1967 (79 years)

Ossip Zadkine was a Russian-French artist of the School of Paris. He is best known as a sculptor, but also produced paintings and lithographs. Early years and education Zadkine was born on 28 January 1888 as Yossel Aronovich Tsadkin in the city of Vitsebsk, Russian Empire . He was born to a baptized Jewish father and a mother named Zippa-Dvoyra, who he claimed to be of Scottish origin. Archival materials state that Iosel-Shmuila Aronovich Tsadkin was of Jewish faith and studied in the Vitebsk City Technical School between 1900 and 1904, including two years in one class with would-be artists Marc Chagall and Victor Mekler .

#9603

Annie Leuch-Reineck

1880 - 1978 (98 years)

Annie Leuch-Reineck was a Swiss mathematician and women's rights activist. She was one of the most influential participants in the Swiss women's movement during the 1920s and 1930s. Life Provenance and early years Annie Reineck was born in Kannawurf, a village in the countryside between Erfurt and Magdeburg in Germany. Erhard Reineck , her father, was a protestant church minister and superintentant originally from Magdeburg. Her mother, born Marie Godet , was from Neuchâtel in francophone western Switzerland. Annie grew up in Kannawurf and then in nearby Heldrungen. She received her early education at the home of her elder sister, Theodora .

#9604

Karl Schröter

1905 - 1977 (72 years)

Karl Walter Schröter was a German mathematician and logician. Later on, after the war, he made important contributions concerning semantic consequences and provability logic . He worked as a mathematical theoretician and cryptanalyst for the civilian Pers Z S, the cipher bureau of the Foreign Office , from Spring 1941 to the end of World War II.

#9605

Allan J. C. Cunningham

1842 - 1928 (86 years)

Allan Joseph Champneys Cunningham was a British-Indian mathematician. Biography Born in Delhi, Cunningham was the son of Sir Alexander Cunningham, archaeologist and the founder of the Archaeological Survey of India. He started a military career with the East India Company's Bengal Engineers at a young age. From 1871 to 1881, he was instructor in mathematics at the Indian Institute Of Technology Roorkee . Upon returning to the United Kingdom in 1881, he continued teaching at military institutes in Chatham, Dublin and Shorncliffe. He left the army in 1891. He spent the rest of his life studying number theory.

#9606

Ilya Nikolaevich Bronshtein

1903 - 1976 (73 years)

Ilya Nikolaevich Bronshtein was a Russian applied mathematician and historian of mathematics. Work and life Bronshtein taught at the Moscow State Technical University , then the State College of Mechanical Engineering, on the Chair of Advanced Mathematics established in 1939. He also collaborated at the Zhukovsky Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute.

#9607

Nicolo Tartaglia

Nicolo Tartaglia

1499 - 1557 (58 years)

Nicolo, known as Tartaglia , was an Italian mathematician, engineer , a surveyor and a bookkeeper from the then Republic of Venice. He published many books, including the first Italian translations of Archimedes and Euclid, and an acclaimed compilation of mathematics. Tartaglia was the first to apply mathematics to the investigation of the paths of cannonballs, known as ballistics, in his Nova Scientia ; his work was later partially validated and partially superseded by Galileo's studies on falling bodies. He also published a treatise on retrieving sunken ships.

#9608

Mary Cordia Karl

1893 - 1984 (91 years)

Elizabeth Karl was an American mathematician who contributed significantly to the theory of orthopoles in geometry. This was the subject of her PhD thesis at Johns Hopkins University in 1931. She was Head of the Mathematics department at College Notre Dame of Maryland until 1965, when she retired with the title of Professor Emeritus.

#9609

René de Saussure

René de Saussure

1868 - 1943 (75 years)

René de Saussure was a Swiss Esperantist and professional mathematician , who composed important works about Esperanto and interlinguistics from a linguistic viewpoint. He was born in Geneva, Switzerland. His chef d'oeuvre is an analysis on the logic of word construction in Esperanto, Fundamentaj reguloj de la vortteorio en Esperanto , defending the language against several Idist critiques. He developed the concept of neceso kaj sufiĉo by which he opposed the criticism of Louis Couturat that Esperanto lacks recursion.

#9610

Mary Cleophas Garvin

1899 - 1990 (91 years)

Sister Mary Cleophas, born Linetta Anna Garvin, was an American mathematician. Early life Linetta Garvin was born in Vickery, Ohio, one of six children of Odelia Margaret and automobile and meat salesman Austin Edward Garwin.

#9611

Frieda Nugel

1884 - 1966 (82 years)

Frieda Nugel was a German mathematician and civil rights activist, one of the first German women to earn a doctorate in mathematics. She earned her PhD at Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg in 1912, under the supervision of August Gutzmer.

#9612

Carlo Rosati

1876 - 1929 (53 years)

Carlo Rosati was an Italian mathematician working on algebraic geometry who introduced the Rosati involution. Notes External links Carlo Rosati in Mathematica ItalianaCarlo Rosati

#9613

Max Brückner

1860 - 1934 (74 years)

Johannes Max Brückner was a German geometer, known for his collection of polyhedral models. Education and career Brückner was born in Hartau, in the Kingdom of Saxony, a town that is now part of Zittau, Germany. He completed a Ph.D. at Leipzig University in 1886, supervised by Felix Klein and Wilhelm Scheibner, with a dissertation concerning conformal maps. After teaching at a grammar school in Zwickau, he moved to the gymnasium in Bautzen.

#9614

Felix Iversen

1887 - 1973 (86 years)

Felix Christian Herbert Iversen was a Finnish mathematician and a pacifist. He was a student of Ernst Lindelöf, and later an associate professor of mathematics at the University of Helsinki. Although he stopped performing serious research in mathematics around 1922, he continued working as a professor until his retirement in 1954 and published a textbook on mathematics in 1950. The Soviet Union awarded Felix Iversen the Stalin Peace Prize in 1954.

#9615

Henry Marshall Tory

Henry Marshall Tory

1864 - 1947 (83 years)

Henry Marshall Tory was the first president of the University of Alberta , the first president of the Khaki University, the first president of the National Research Council , and the first president of Carleton College . His brother was James Cranswick Tory, Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia .

#9616

Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Dieterici

1790 - 1859 (69 years)

Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Dieterici was a German political economist. Biography Dieterici was born and died in Berlin. He was an engineer-geographer in Blücher's army from 1813 to 1815, was engaged in the Ministry of Public Instruction, became professor of political science in the University of Berlin, and in 1844 was placed at the head of the statistical bureau. He published a number of important works on political economy and statistics, among which may be mentioned: De Via et Ratione Œconomiam Politicam Docendi and Statistische Uebersicht der wichtigsten Gegenstände des Verkehrs und Verbrauch...

#9617

Dionys Burger

1892 - 1987 (95 years)

Dionys Burger was a Dutch secondary school physics teacher and author of the novel Sphereland.

#9618

Lev Gutenmaher

1908 - 1981 (73 years)

Lev Israilevich Gutenmaher was a Soviet mathematician who conducted pioneering research in the area of computing technologies and made significant contributions to the early development of computer science. He was a recipient of the Stalin and National awards for his work.

#9619

Emory McClintock

Emory McClintock

1840 - 1916 (76 years)

Emory McClintock , born John Emory McClintock was an American actuary, born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Columbia University, where he was tutor in mathematics in 1859–1860. From 1863 to 1866 he served as United States consular agent at Bradford, England. He served as president of the American Mathematical Society in 1890–1894 and of the Actuarial Society of America in 1895–1897.

#9620

Hubert Stanley Wall

1902 - 1971 (69 years)

Hubert Stanley Wall was an American mathematician who worked primarily in the field of continued fractions. He is also known as one of the leading proponents of the Moore method of teaching. Early life and education Wall was born in Rockwell City, Iowa on December 2, 1902. He received the Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees from Cornell College in Mount Vernon, Iowa in 1924. He received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Wisconsin in 1927.

#9621

Eugenie Maria Morenus

1881 - 1966 (85 years)

Eugenie Maria Morenus was an American mathematician and college professor. She taught Latin and mathematics at Sweet Briar College from 1909 to 1946. Early life and education Morenus was born in Cleveland, New York, the daughter of Eugene Morenus and Maria Euphemia Van Blarcom Morenus. Her father managed a glassworks. She graduated from Monogahela High School in 1898. She earned a bachelor's degree from Vassar College in 1904, and a master's degree from the same school in 1905. She completed doctoral studies in mathematics at Columbia University in 1922. Her dissertation under Edward Kasner w...

#9622

Julius Bartels

1899 - 1964 (65 years)

Julius Bartels was a German geophysicist and statistician who made notable contributions to the physics of the Sun and Moon; to geomagnetism and meteorology; and to the physics of the ionosphere. He also made fundamental contributions to statistical methods for geophysics. Bartels was the first President of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy . With Sydney Chapman, he wrote the influential book Geomagnetism.

#9623

Käthe Kollwitz

1867 - 1945 (78 years)

Käthe Kollwitz was a German artist who worked with painting, printmaking and sculpture. Her most famous art cycles, including The Weavers and The Peasant War, depict the effects of poverty, hunger and war on the working class. Despite the realism of her early works, her art is now more closely associated with Expressionism. Kollwitz was the first woman not only to be elected to the Prussian Academy of Arts but also to receive honorary professor status.

#9624

Thomas William Edmondson

1869 - 1938 (69 years)

Thomas William Edmondson, Ph. D., was an Anglo-American mathematician, born at Skipton-in-Craven, Yorkshire, England. He graduated from the University of London, studied at Cambridge, and also at Clark University, Worcester, Mass. He was an associate professor at NYU from 1896 to 1905, and a professor of mathematics afterwards. He wrote mathematical textbooks; his publications include:Worked Examples in Coördinate Geometry Mensuration and Spherical Geometry , with W. BriggsDeductions in Euclid He married the former Minnie Ramsden in 1897 in Perth, Ontario.

#9625

Jerzy Słupecki

1904 - 1987 (83 years)

Jerzy Słupecki was a Polish mathematician and logician. Life He attended the seminar of, and wrote a 1938 doctorate under, Jan Łukasiewicz. During WWII he was active in Żegota. In 1963, when at Wroclaw University, where he had been since 1945, he became editor of Studia Logica.

#9626

Mary Gertrude Haseman

1889 - 1979 (90 years)

Mary Gertrude Haseman was an American mathematician known for her work in knot theory. Biography Mary Gertrude Haseman was born in or near the small town of Linton, Indiana, the seventh of nine children, to Elizabeth Christine and John Dieterich Haseman. Despite being raised on a farm, she and her siblings all pursued higher education; they all attended college, five had master's degrees, and five, including Mary, earned PhDs.

#9627

Carl D. Olds

1912 - 1979 (67 years)

Carl Douglas Olds was a New Zealand-born American mathematician specializing in number theory. Biography Carl Olds was born in 1912 in Wanganui, New Zealand. He was an undergraduate student at Stanford University, and continued at Stanford as a graduate student, defending his Ph.D. thesis On the Number of Representations of the Square of an Integer as the Sum of an Odd Number of Squares at Stanford University in 1943 under the supervision of James V. Uspensky.

#9628

Estienne de La Roche

Estienne de La Roche

1470 - 1530 (60 years)

Estienne de La Roche was a French mathematician. Sometimes known as Estienne de Villefranche, La Roche was born in Lyon, but his family also owned property in Villefranche-sur-Saône, where he lived during his youth. He studied mathematics with Nicolas Chuquet. Having in his possession Chuquet's manuscripts, it is probable that La Roche was on good terms with Chuquet. He taught commercial mathematics in Lyon for 25 years. He is regarded today as a professor of arithmetic .

#9629

Eleanor Pairman

1896 - 1973 (77 years)

Eleanor "Nora" Pairman, also known as Nora Brown, was a Scottish mathematician and only the third woman to receive a doctorate in math from Radcliffe College in Massachusetts. Later in life she developed novel methods to teach mathematics to blind students.

#9630

Eduard Heis

1806 - 1877 (71 years)

Eduard Heis was a German mathematician and astronomer. He completed his education at the University of Bonn in 1827, then taught mathematics at a school in Cologne. In 1832 he taught at Aachen, and remained there until 1852. He was then appointed by King Frederick William IV to a chair position at the Academy of Münster in 1852. In 1869 he became rector of the Academy.

#9631

Clara Eliza Smith

1865 - 1943 (78 years)

Clara Eliza Smith was an American mathematician specializing in complex analysis who became the Helen Day Gould Professor of Mathematics at Wellesley College. Smith was the daughter of Georgiana and Edward Smith, of Northford, Connecticut. She studied at Mount Holyoke College, then a seminary, while also studying art at Yale University. Her studies in the seminary program included geometry and trigonometry, but the college did not offer degrees at that time. She completed the program in 1885. After working as an art teacher at the Bloomsburg State Normal School in Pennsylvania from 1889 until...

#9632

Jan Piekałkiewicz

Jan Piekałkiewicz

1892 - 1943 (51 years)

Jan Piekałkiewicz was a Polish economist and statistician, politician and the Polish Underground State's Government Delegate. Biography Jan Piekałkiewicz was born on the 19 September 1892 in Kursk, to a Polish intelligentsia family. He studied in St. Petersburg and in Poznań.

#9633

Josephine Burns Glasgow

1887 - 1969 (82 years)

Josephine Elizabeth Burns Glasgow was an American mathematician whose Ph.D. thesis, "The abstract definitions of the groups of degree 8" was published in the American Journal of Mathematics. She was the second woman to receive a PhD from the University of Illinois.

#9634

Honoré Fabri

1607 - 1688 (81 years)

Honoré Fabri was a French Jesuit theologian, also known as Coningius. He was a mathematician, physicist and controversialist. Life He entered the Society of Jesus at Avignon, in 1626. For eight years he taught philosophy and for six years mathematics at the Jesuit college at Lyons, attracting many pupils. Called to Rome, he became the theologian of the court of the papal penitentiary in the Vatican basilica, a position he held for thirty years.

#9635

John of Tynemouth

1300 - 1290 (-10 years)

John of Tynemouth was a 13th-century mathematician and geometer. Little is known of John's background, but he authored De curvis superficiebus or Liber de curvis superficiebus Archimenidis, a tract about Archimedes' measurements of spheres. This is an important work in the history of medieval geometry, as it helped transmit Archimedes' ideas to other medieval scholars. The work itself follows closely Archimedes' own reasoning, but with enough differences to lead modern historians to believe that John's work was dependent on a Greek text from late antiquity.

#9636

Theodor von Oppolzer

Theodor von Oppolzer

1841 - 1886 (45 years)

Theodor von Oppolzer was an Austrian astronomer and mathematician of Bohemian origin. The son of the physician Johann Ritter von Oppolzer, Theodor was born in Prague. He completed his graduate studies in medicine at the University of Vienna, gaining a Ph.D. in 1865. He also owned a private observatory. He began teaching theoretical astronomy and geodesics at the University of Vienna in 1866. By 1875 he was appointed a professor. In 1873 he became the director of the Austrian Geodetic Survey, and in 1886 he was elected president of the International Geodetic Association.

#9637

Niels Nielsen

1865 - 1931 (66 years)

Niels Nielsen was a Danish mathematician who specialised in mathematical analysis. Life and work Nielsen was the son of humble peasants and grew up in the western part of the island of Funen. In 1891 he graduated in mathematics from the University of Copenhagen and in 1895 obtained his doctorate. In 1909 he succeeded Julius Petersen as Professor of Mathematics at the University of Copenhagen.

#9638

Mary Landers

1905 - 1990 (85 years)

Mary Kenny Landers was an American mathematician who taught for many years at Hunter College. She was also known as "an early advocate of academic collective bargaining". Early life and education Mary Kenny was born on February 5, 1905, in Fall River, Massachusetts, one of six children of an Anglo-Irish mailman. After attending public school in Fall River, she became a student at Brown University in 1922. Beyond mathematics, her interests at Brown included violin and debate. After graduating in 1926, she became an Anne Crosby Emery fellow at Brown and earned a master's degree in mathematics t...

#9639

Louise Nevelson

Louise Nevelson

1899 - 1988 (89 years)

Louise Nevelson was an American sculptor known for her monumental, monochromatic, wooden wall pieces and outdoor sculptures. Born in the Poltava Governorate of the Russian Empire , she emigrated with her family to the United States in the early 20th century. Nevelson learned English at school, as she spoke Yiddish at home.

#9640

Giorgio Mortara

1885 - 1967 (82 years)

Giorgio Mortara was an Italian economist, demographer, and statistician. He was the son of senator Lodovico Mortara, a noted jurist, magistrate and politician. Biography Giorgio held the academic rank of professor at the University of Messina from 1909 up 1914 in Rome and Milan and director of the Giornale degli economisti .

#9641

Humphry Ditton

1675 - 1715 (40 years)

Humphry Ditton was an English mathematician. He was the author of several influential works. Life Ditton was born on 29 May 1675 in Salisbury, the only son of Humphry Ditton, gentleman and ardent nonconformist, and Miss Luttrell of Dunster Castle, near Taunton. He studied theology privately, and was for some time also a dissenting minister, at Tonbridge, where he married a Miss Ball.

#9642

Gertrude Jekyll

Gertrude Jekyll

1843 - 1932 (89 years)

Gertrude Jekyll was a British horticulturist, garden designer, craftswoman, photographer, writer and artist. She created over 400 gardens in the United Kingdom, Europe and the United States, and wrote over 1000 articles for magazines such as Country Life and William Robinson's The Garden. Jekyll has been described as "a premier influence in garden design" by British and American gardening enthusiasts.

#9643

Charles Cobb

1875 - 1949 (74 years)

Charles Wiggins Cobb was an American mathematician and economist and a 1912 Ph.D. graduate of the University of Michigan. He published many works on both subjects, however he is most famous for developing the Cobb–Douglas production function in economics. He worked on this project with the economist Paul H. Douglas while lecturing at Amherst College in Massachusetts. In 1928, Charles Cobb and Paul Douglas published a study in which they modeled the growth of the American economy during the period 1899–1922. They considered a simplified view of the economy in which production of output is determined by the amount of labor involved and the amount of capital used.

#9644

Ivan Bubnov

1872 - 1919 (47 years)

Ivan Grigoryevich Bubnov was a Russian Empire marine engineer and designer of submarines for the Imperial Russian Navy. Bubnov was born in Nizhny Novgorod and graduated from the Marine Engineering College in Kronstadt in 1891. He graduated from the Nikolayev Marine Academy in 1896. He initially joined the Admiralty Shipyard in Saint Petersburg and worked as a constructor on the battleship Poltava.

#9645

Eelco Alta

1723 - 1798 (75 years)

Eelco Alta was a Frisian clergyman, theologian, and veterinarian. Education Eelco Alta was born in 1723 in the coastal village of Makkum, and studied theology at the University of Franeker from 1737 until 1745, when he started as a minister in the nearby villages of Beers and Jellum. After nine years he moved to the main protestant church of Boazum, where he was to spend almost all of the next fifty years. He was politically active in the last years of the Dutch Republic, siding with the forces of republican "Patriotism", partly for religious reasons. During the royalist backlash of the late...

#9646

Emily Kathryn Wyant

1897 - 1942 (45 years)

Emily Kathryn Wyant was an American mathematician known as the founder of Kappa Mu Epsilon, a mathematical honor society focusing on undergraduate education. Early life and education Wyant was born on January 16, 1897, in Ipava, Illinois. Her father was a student in Illinois and later a shopkeeper in Bolivar, Missouri, where she graduated from high school in 1914. She attended the University of Missouri on a part time and summer basis while supporting herself as a school teacher, finally completing a bachelor's degree in education in 1921.

#9647

Georgia Caldwell Smith

1909 - 1961 (52 years)

Georgia Caldwell Smith was one of the first African-American women to gain a bachelor's degree in mathematics. When she was 51, she earned a Ph.D. in mathematics, one of the earliest by an African-American woman, awarded posthumously in 1961. Smith was the head of the Department of Mathematics at Spelman College.

#9648

Giovanni Camillo Glorioso

Giovanni Camillo Glorioso

1572 - 1643 (71 years)

Giovanni Camillo Glorioso was an Italian mathematician and astronomer. He was a friend of Marino Ghetaldi and successor of Galileo Galilei in Pisa, then in Padua. Life Giovanni Camillo Glorioso was born in the village of Mercato or Santa Maria a Vico of Giffoni Valle Piana. He had a correspondence with Galileo Galilei in 1604 and he replaced him at the University of Padua, with an income of 350 florins per year, in 1613. He led observations on the 1618 comet, on Mars, and on some aspects of Saturn. He came closer to Antonio Santini and he had contrasts with Scipione Chiaramonti and his successor at the university of Pisa, Barthélemy Souvey, student of Fortunio Liceti.

#9649

Alphonse Mucha

1860 - 1939 (79 years)

Alfons Maria Mucha , known internationally as Alphonse Mucha, was a Czech painter, illustrator, and graphic artist. Living in Paris during the Art Nouveau period, he was widely known for his distinctly stylized and decorative theatrical posters, particularly those of Sarah Bernhardt. He produced illustrations, advertisements, decorative panels, as well as designs, which became among the best-known images of the period.

#9650

Frances Hardcastle

1866 - 1941 (75 years)

Frances Hardcastle was an English mathematician, in 1894 one of the founding members of the American Mathematical Society. Her work included contributions to the theory of point groups. Biography Born in Writtle, just outside Chelmsford, Essex, Hardcastle was a daughter of Henry Hardcastle, a barrister, by his marriage in 1865 to Maria Sophia Herschel, daughter of the astronomer, mathematician, and chemist Sir John Herschel.

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