The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
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List of the most influential people in Mathematics,
#10851
Georg Simon Klügel
1739 - 1812 (73 years)
Georg Simon Klügel was a German mathematician and physicist. He was born in Hamburg, and in 1760 went to the University of Göttingen where he initially studied theology before switching to mathematics. Georg Christoph Lichtenberg was a fellow student. His doctoral thesis Conatuum praecipuorum theoriam parallelarum demonstrandi recensio, published in 1763 with Abraham Gotthelf Kästner as doctoral advisor, was a study of 30 attempted proofs of the parallel postulate. It was influential at the time and much cited.
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Willebrord Snellius
1580 - 1626 (46 years)
Willebrord Snellius was a Dutch astronomer and mathematician, Snell. His name is usually associated with the law of refraction of light known as Snell's law. The lunar crater Snellius is named after Willebrord Snellius. The Royal Netherlands Navy has named three survey ships after Snellius, including a currently-serving vessel.
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Maurice Kraitchik
1882 - 1957 (75 years)
Maurice Borisovich Kraitchik was a Belgian mathematician and populariser. His main interests were the theory of numbers and recreational mathematics. He was born to a Jewish family in Minsk. He wrote several books on number theory during 1922–1930 and after the war, and from 1931 to 1939 edited Sphinx, a periodical devoted to recreational mathematics. During World War II, he emigrated to the United States, where he taught a course at the New School for Social Research in New York City on the general topic of "mathematical recreations."
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Adam Ries
1492 - 1559 (67 years)
Adam Ries was a German mathematician. He is also known by the name Adam Riese. Life Almost nothing is known about Ries' childhood, youth and education. The exact year of his birth is not known. The caption on the only known contemporary portrait of the mathematician reads: ANNO 1550 ADAM RIES SEINS ALTERS IM LVIII. So apparently he was in his 58th year of age at the time of the picture, which was made in 1550. From this it can be deduced that he was born in 1492 or 1493.
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Robert Fludd
1574 - 1637 (63 years)
Robert Fludd, also known as Robertus de Fluctibus , was a prominent English Paracelsian physician with both scientific and occult interests. He is remembered as an astrologer, mathematician, cosmologist, Qabalist and Rosicrucian.
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Isabel Maddison
1869 - 1950 (81 years)
Ada Isabel Maddison was a British mathematician best known for her work on differential equations. Education Isabel Maddison entered University College in Cardiff in 1885. She was awarded a Clothworker's Guild Scholarship to study at Girton College, Cambridge, where she matriculated in 1889. A fellow student who matriculated at Girton at the same time as Maddison was Grace Chisholm . Maddison attended lectures at Cambridge by Cayley, Whitehead and Young. In 1892 Maddison passed the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos Exam earning a First Class degree, equal to the twenty-seventh Wrangler, but she w...
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Wilhelm Franz Meyer
1856 - 1934 (78 years)
Friedrich Wilhelm Franz Meyer was a German mathematician and one of the main editors of the Encyclopädie der Mathematischen Wissenschaften. Life and work Meyer studied in the universities of Leipzig and Munich. In 1878, he was awarded a doctorate by Munich. He studied further in Berlin under Weierstrass, Kummer and Kronecker. In 1880, he got the venia legendi at the University of Tübingen. In 1888, he became a full professor at the Bergakademie of Clausthal . From October 1897 until October 1924, when he retired, he taught at the University of Königsberg.
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Henricus Grammateus
1492 - 1525 (33 years)
Henricus Grammateus was a German mathematician. He was born in Erfurt. In 1507 he started to study at the University of Vienna, where he subsequently taught. Christoph Rudolff was one of his students. From 1514 to 1517 he studied in Cracow and then returned to Vienna. But when the plague affected Vienna Schreiber left the city and went to Nuremberg.
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Stanisława Nikodym
1897 - 1988 (91 years)
Stanisława Nikodym was a Polish mathematician and artist. She is known for her results in continuum theory, especially on Jordanian continuums. Life Stanisława Dorota Liliental was born in Warsaw to Regina Lilientalowa, an ethnographer, and Nathan Liliental. Stanisława had a younger brother, Antoni . She attended Helena Skłodowska-Szalay's primary school, and went to Warsaw's private school for women for 7 years. She joined the Warsaw University in 1916, reading mathematics under Stefan Mazurkiewicz, Zygmunt Janiszewski, and Wacław Sierpiński
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Igor Dmitrievich Ado
1910 - 1983 (73 years)
Igor Dmitrievich Ado was a Soviet mathematician. He was born into the family of a state employee and he lived in Kazan till the end of his life. After leaving school Igor Ado entered the faculty of mathematics and physics at Kazan State University, named after V. I. Lenin, from which he graduated successfully in 1931. He was admitted to the PhD study at the Chair of Mathematics under the supervision of Nikolai Chebotaryov. Igor Ado finished successfully his PhD study by preparing a scientific qualifying work for the degree of a Candidate of physical and mathematical sciences. The University board awarded him for this work the degree of Doctor nauk of physic-mathematical sciences.
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Alfred Barnard Basset
1854 - 1930 (76 years)
Alfred Barnard Basset FRS was a British mathematician working on algebraic geometry, electrodynamics and hydrodynamics. In fluid dynamics, the Basset force—also known as the Boussinesq–Basset force—describes history effects on the force experienced by a body in unsteady motion . He also worked on Bessel functions: the term Basset function was at one time used for modified Bessel functions of the second kind but is now obsolete.
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Victor Puiseux
1820 - 1883 (63 years)
Victor Alexandre Puiseux was a French mathematician and astronomer. Puiseux series are named after him, as is in part the Bertrand–Diquet–Puiseux theorem. His work on algebraic functions and uniformization makes him a direct precursor of Bernhard Riemann, for what concerns the latter's work on this subject and his introduction of Riemann surfaces. He was also an accomplished amateur mountaineer. A peak in the French alps, which he climbed in 1848, is named after him.
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Wealthy Babcock
1895 - 1990 (95 years)
Wealthy Consuelo Babcock was an American mathematician. She was awarded a Ph.D. from the University of Kansas and had a long teaching career at that institution. Early life and education Wealthy Consuelo Babcock was born in Washington County, Kansas, the second child of Ella Babcock and Cassius Lincoln Babcock. She graduated in 1913 from Washington County High School and taught for two years in one-room country schools in Washington County. The following year, she matriculated at the University of Kansas where she was a member of the women's basketball team. After receiving her Bachelor of Arts in 1919, she taught for a year at Neodesha High School in southeastern Kansas.
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Ronald DiPerna
1947 - 1989 (42 years)
Ronald J. DiPerna was an American mathematician, who worked on nonlinear partial differential equations. Ronald Diperna did his undergraduate studies at Tufts University before being advised to attend graduate school by Professor George Leger. In 1972 DiPerna received from the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences his Ph.D. under James Glimm with thesis Global solutions to a class of nonlinear hyperbolic systems. He held academic positions at Brown University, the University of Michigan, the University of Wisconsin, and Duke University, before he became in 1985 a professor at the University of California, Berkeley.
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John Robison
1739 - 1805 (66 years)
John Robison FRSE was a British physicist and mathematician. He was a professor of natural philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. A member of the Edinburgh Philosophical Society when it received its royal warrant, he was appointed as the first general secretary to the Royal Society of Edinburgh . Robison invented the siren and also worked with James Watt on an early steam car. Following the French Revolution, Robison became disenchanted with elements of the Enlightenment. He authored Proofs of a Conspiracy in 1797—a polemic accusing Freemasonry of being infiltrated by Weishaupt's Order of the Illuminati.
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Eduard Weyr
1852 - 1903 (51 years)
Eduard Weyr was a Czech mathematician now chiefly remembered as the discoverer of a certain canonical form for square matrices over algebraically closed fields. Weyr presented this form briefly in a paper published in 1885. He followed it up with a more elaborate treatment in a paper published in 1890. This particular canonical form has been named as the Weyr canonical form in a paper by Shapiro published in The American Mathematical Monthly in 1999. Previously, this form has been variously called as modified Jordan form, reordered Jordan form, second Jordan form, and H-form.
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Georg Landsberg
1865 - 1912 (47 years)
Georg Landsberg was a German mathematician, known for his work in the theory of algebraic functions and on the Riemann–Roch theorem. The Takagi–Landsberg curve, a fractal that is the graph of a nowhere-differentiable but uniformly continuous function, is named after Teiji Takagi and him.
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Gustav de Vries
1866 - 1934 (68 years)
Gustav de Vries was a Dutch mathematician, who is best remembered for his work on the Korteweg–de Vries equation with Diederik Korteweg. He was born on 22 January 1866 in Amsterdam, and studied at the University of Amsterdam with the distinguished physical chemist Johannes van der Waals and with Korteweg. While doing his doctoral research De Vries supported himself by teaching at the Royal Military Academy in Breda and at the "cadettenschool" in Alkmaar . Under Korteweg's supervision De Vries completed his doctoral dissertation: Bijdrage tot de kennis der lange golven, Acad. proefschrift, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1894, 95 pp, Loosjes, Haarlem.
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Tirukkannapuram Vijayaraghavan
1902 - 1955 (53 years)
Tirukkannapuram Vijayaraghavan was an Indian mathematician from the Madras region. He worked with G. H. Hardy when he went to Oxford in mid-1920s on Pisot–Vijayaraghavan numbers. He was a fellow of Indian Academy of Sciences elected in the year 1934. His father was a pandit.
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John Flinders Petrie
1907 - 1972 (65 years)
John Flinders Petrie was an English mathematician. He met the geometer Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter as a student, beginning a lifelong friendship. They collaborated in discovering infinite warped polyhedra and warped polyhedra in the fourth dimension, analogous to the previous ones. In addition to being the first to realize the importance of the warped polygon that now bears his name, his skills as a draftsperson are still appreciated.
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Isaac Greenwood
1702 - 1745 (43 years)
Isaac Greenwood was an American mathematician. He was the first Hollisian Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Harvard College. Biography He graduated at Harvard in 1721, and was instrumental in the smallpox inoculation controversy of that year, speaking out in favour of inoculation. He travelled to London, where he lodged with John Theophilus Desaguliers and attended his lectures on Newtonian Experimental Philosophy. He later introduced the subject in the American Colonies and his book An Experimental Course of Mechanical Philosophy, published in Boston in 1726, owed much to Desaguliers.
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William Francis Pohl
1937 - 1988 (51 years)
William Francis Pohl was an American mathematician, specializing in differential geometry and known for the Clifton–Pohl torus. Pohl received from the University of Chicago his B.A in 1957 and his M.A.1958. He completed his Ph.D. at Berkeley in 1961 under the direction of Shiing-Shen Chern with dissertation Differential Geometry of Higher Order. His dissertation was published in 1962 in the journal Topology and has received over 120 citations in the mathematical literature. He was a member of the mathematics faculty at the University of Minnesota from September 1964 until his untimely death.
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Alexander McAulay
1863 - 1931 (68 years)
Alexander McAulay was the first professor of mathematics and physics at the University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania. He was also a proponent of dual quaternions, which he termed "octonions" or "Clifford biquaternions".
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William Edward Hodgson Berwick
1888 - 1944 (56 years)
William Edward Hodgson Berwick was a British mathematician, specializing in algebra, who worked on the problem of computing an integral basis for the algebraic integers in a simple algebraic extension of the rationals.
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Ernesto Padova
1845 - 1896 (51 years)
Ernesto Padova was an Italian mathematician born in Livorno. Biography He graduated at the University of Pisa in 1866 but he was also a student of the Scuola Normale of Pisa. He first taught in a high school in Naples and in 1872, having been put forward by Enrico Betti, he was appointed professor of rational mechanics at the University of Pisa. From there he moved on to Padua, where he remained until his premature death.
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Giovanni Vacca
1872 - 1953 (81 years)
Giovanni Enrico Eugenio Vacca was an Italian mathematician, Sinologist and historian of science. Vacca studied mathematics and graduated from the University of Genoa in 1897 under the guidance of G. B. Negri. He was a politically active student and was banished for that from Genoa in 1897. He moved to Turin and became an assistant to Giuseppe Peano. In 1899 he studied, at Hanover, unpublished manuscripts of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, which he published in 1903. Around 1898 Vacca became interested in Chinese language and culture after attending a Chinese exhibition in Turin. He took private lessons of Chinese and continued to study it at the University of Florence.
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Ernst Barthel
1890 - 1953 (63 years)
Ernst Philipp Barthel was an Alsace philosopher, mathematician, and inventor. In the 1920s and 1930s he taught as a Privatdozent of philosophy at the University of Cologne. From 1924 on Barthel edited the magazine Antäus. Blätter für neues Wirklichkeitsdenken , which served as the organ of the Gesellschaft für Lebensphilosophie founded by him in Cologne.
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Joseph Ser
1875 - 1954 (79 years)
Joseph Ser was a French mathematician, of whom little was known till now. He published 45 papers between 1900 and 1954, among which four monographs, edited in Paris by Henry Gauthier-Villars. In the main, he worked on number theory and infinite series.
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Josif Shtokalo
1897 - 1987 (90 years)
Josif Zakharovich Shtokalo was a famous Ukrainian mathematician. Shtokalo worked mainly in the areas of differential equations, operational calculus and the history of mathematics. Investigation of the Stability of Lindstedt's Equation Using Shtokalo’s Method by Samuel Kohn contains a description of Shotkalo's method in English.
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James Wood
1760 - 1839 (79 years)
James Wood was a mathematician, and Master of St John's College, Cambridge. In his later years he was Dean of Ely. Life Wood was born in Holcombe, Bury where his father ran an evening school and taught his son the elements of arithmetic and algebra. From Bury Grammar School he proceeded to St John's College, Cambridge in 1778, graduating as senior wrangler in 1782. On graduating he became a fellow of the college and in his long tenure there produced several successful academic textbooks for students of mathematics. Between 1795 and 1799 his The principles of mathematics and natural philosophy, was printed, in four volumes, by J.
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François Proth
1852 - 1879 (27 years)
François Proth was a French self-taught mathematician farmer who lived in Vaux-devant-Damloup near Verdun, France. He stated four primality-related theorems. The most famous of these, Proth's theorem, can be used to test whether a Proth number is prime. The numbers passing this test are called Proth primes; they continue to be of importance in the computational search for large prime numbers.
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Johannes de Groot
1914 - 1972 (58 years)
Johannes de Groot was a Dutch mathematician, the leading Dutch topologist for more than two decades following World War II. Biography De Groot was born at Garrelsweer, a village in the municipality of Loppersum, Groningen, on May 7, 1914. He did both his undergraduate and graduate studies at the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, where he received his Ph.D. in 1942 under the supervision of Gerrit Schaake. He studied mathematics, physics, and philosophy as an undergraduate, and began his graduate studies concentrating in algebra and algebraic geometry, but switched to point set topology, the subject...
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Ruggiero Torelli
1884 - 1915 (31 years)
Ruggiero Torelli was an Italian mathematician who introduced Torelli's theorem, a classical result of algebraic geometry over the complex number field. Publications See also Torelli group External links BiographyBiography in Italian
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Joseph Ehrenfried Hofmann
1900 - 1973 (73 years)
Joseph Ehrenfried Hofmann was a German historian of mathematics, known for his research on Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Life and work After graduating from high school in 1919 at the Wilhelm Gymnasium in Munich, Hofmann studied at University of Munich with Walther von Dyck and George Faber, gaining Ph.D. in 1927. He was briefly an assistant in Munich and Darmstadt, before he went into the teaching profession in Gunzburg, Nördlingen.
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Isamu Noguchi
1904 - 1988 (84 years)
Isamu Noguchi was an American artist and landscape architect whose artistic career spanned six decades, from the 1920s onward. Known for his sculpture and public artworks, Noguchi also designed stage sets for various Martha Graham productions, and several mass-produced lamps and furniture pieces, some of which are still manufactured and sold.
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Octav Mayer
1895 - 1966 (71 years)
Octav Mayer was a Romanian mathematician, the first to earn a doctorate in Romania. Born in Mizil, Prahova County, Mayer went to the primary school in Târgu Neamț and pursued his studies in an elementary school in Focșani. He then went to the National College in Iași, where he obtained his baccalaureate, and then studied mathematics at the University of Iași, where he obtained his undergraduate degree. In 1915, Mayer enrolled in the and took part in the battles on the Romanian front in World War I from 1916 to 1918. After the war, he completed his Ph.D. at the University of Iași in 1920; his...
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Ferdinand Magellan
1480 - 1521 (41 years)
Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer best known for having planned and led the 1519 Spanish expedition to the East Indies across the Pacific Ocean to open a maritime trade route, during which he discovered the interoceanic passage thereafter bearing his name and achieved the first European navigation to Asia via the Pacific.
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Jan Rajewski
1857 - 1906 (49 years)
Jan Rajewski was a professor of the University of Lviv. He was a mathematician. External links Mathematics at Lviv University
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Jacob Struve
1755 - 1841 (86 years)
Jacob Struve was a German mathematician and father of the astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve. Jacob Struve was born in 1755, in Horst, Holstein. He was the youngest of the four children of Johann Struve and Abel Strüven . From a young age he had to work in the fields, but he also received lessons in Latin, German, English and in mathematics, which he liked most. From 1771 till 1775 he studied at the Christianeum High School in Altona, then part of both Denmark and Germany. Starting from 1775, he entered the University of Göttingen and attended mathematics lectures of Abraham Gotthelf Kästner, which were rather popular among students, including Struve.
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Binyamin Amirà
1896 - 1968 (72 years)
Binyamin A. Amirà was an Israeli mathematician. Biography Born in 1896 in Mohilev, Russian Empire, Binyamin Amirà emigrated with his family to Tel Aviv in Ottoman Palestine in 1910, where he attended the Herzliya Gymnasium. Amirà went on to study mathematics at the University of Geneva, after which he moved to the University of Göttingen in 1921 to undertake research for his doctorate under the supervision of Edmund Landau.
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Pierre Frédéric Sarrus
1798 - 1861 (63 years)
Pierre Frédéric Sarrus was a French mathematician. Sarrus was a professor at the University of Strasbourg, France and a member of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris . He is the author of several treatises, including one on the solution of numeric equations with multiple unknowns ; one on multiple integrals and their integrability conditions; and one on the determination of the orbits of the comets. He also discovered a mnemonic rule for solving the determinant of a 3-by-3 matrix, named Sarrus' scheme. Sarrus also demonstrated the fundamental lemma of the calculus of variations.
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Carsten Niebuhr
1733 - 1815 (82 years)
Carsten Niebuhr, or Karsten Niebuhr , was a German mathematician, cartographer, and explorer in the service of Denmark. He is renowned for his participation in the Danish Arabia expedition . He was the father of the Danish-German statesman and historian Barthold Georg Niebuhr, who published an account of his father's life in 1817.
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William Philip Hiern
1839 - 1925 (86 years)
William Philip Hiern was a British mathematician and botanist. Life Hiern attended St. John's College, Cambridge, from 1857 to 1861 and attained a "first class degree" in mathematics. Later, in 1886, he attended Oxford University.
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Robert Simpson Woodward
1849 - 1924 (75 years)
Robert Simpson Woodward was an American civil engineer, physicist and mathematician. Biography He was born at Rochester, Michigan, on July 21, 1849, to Lysander Woodward and Peninah A. Simpson. He graduated with a degree in civil engineering at the University of Michigan in 1872. He was appointed assistant engineer on the United States Lake Survey. In 1882 he became assistant astronomer for the United States Transit of Venus Commission. In 1884 he became astronomer to the United States Geological Survey, serving until 1890, when he was hired by Thomas Corwin Mendenhall as assistant in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.
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Lorenzo Respighi
1824 - 1889 (65 years)
Lorenzo Respighi was an Italian mathematician and natural philosopher. Born at Cortemaggiore, Piacenza, to Luigi Respighi and Giuseppina Rossetti. He studied mathematics and natural philosophy, first at Parma and then at the University of Bologna, where he obtained his degree ad honorem in 1845. From 1855 to 1864 he was director of the Astronomic Observatory of Bologna, and during these years he discovered three comets, #1862 IV, #1863 III and #1863 V. In 1865 he was nominated director of the Astronomic Observatory of the Campidoglio, in Rome.
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Gabriel Sudan
1899 - 1977 (78 years)
Gabriel Sudan was a Romanian mathematician, known for the Sudan function, an important example in the theory of computation, similar to the Ackermann function. Born in Bucharest, Sudan received his Ph.D. from the University of Göttingen in 1925 for his thesis Über die geordneten Mengen , supervised by David Hilbert. He taught at the Polytechnic University of Bucharest from 1941 until his retirement, in 1966.
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Francesco Gerbaldi
1858 - 1934 (76 years)
Francesco Gerbaldi was an Italian geometer, who proved Gerbaldi's theorem. Gerbaldi studied at the University of Turin with laurea in 1879 and then became there an assistant to Enrico D'Ovidio. After further study in Germany, he was in Pavia and Rome before being appointed a professor at the University of Palermo. He was a colleague of Giovanni Guccia, the founder of the Circolo Matematico di Palermo. Guccia and Gerbaldi enhanced the reputation of the Faculty of Mathematics of the University of Palermo by recruiting Giuseppe Bagnera, Michele De Franchis, Pasquale Calapso and Michele Cipolla. ...
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Henri Fehr
1870 - 1954 (84 years)
Henri Fehr was a Swiss mathematician. He was the founder of the Foundation for the Advancement of Mathematical Sciences, of the journal "Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici" and of the journal "L'Enseignement mathématique" along with Charles-Ange Laisant. Fehr's interests in mathematics were scientific and social as is demonstrated by his involvement in academic life, committees for the improvement of mathematical instruction, education of teachers and internationalization of mathematics.
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William Neile
1637 - 1670 (33 years)
William Neile was an English mathematician and founder member of the Royal Society. His major mathematical work, the rectification of the semicubical parabola, was carried out when he was aged nineteen, and was published by John Wallis. By carrying out the determination of arc lengths on a curve given algebraically, in other words by extending to algebraic curves generally with Cartesian geometry a basic concept from differential geometry, it represented a major advance in what would become infinitesimal calculus. His name also appears as Neil.
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Ali Qushji
1403 - 1474 (71 years)
Ala al-Dīn Ali ibn Muhammed , known as Ali Qushji was a Turkic-müslims theologian, jurist, astronomer, mathematician and physicist, who settled in the Ottoman Empire some time before 1472. As a disciple of Ulugh Beg, he is best known for the development of astronomical physics independent from natural philosophy, and for providing empirical evidence for the Earth's rotation in his treatise, Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy. In addition to his contributions to Ulugh Beg's famous work Zij-i-Sultani and to the founding of Sahn-ı Seman Medrese, one of the first cent...
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