The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
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List of the most influential people in Medical,
#4051
Paul Pulewka
1896 - 1989 (93 years)
Paul Pulewka was a German pharmacologist from Elbing . Pulewka graduated from the Königsberg Medical Faculty in 1923 and earned doctorates in pharmacology and toxicology from the Pharmacology Institute of the same university in 1927. Pulewka was appointed Docent at the University of Tübingen in 1929. In May 1933, he was promoted to Professor Extraordinarius of Pharmacology and Toxicology at Tübingen where he lectured on the toxicology of poisonous gases and the protection against them. He was elected to the university's Senate. However, Behrend Behrens, Pulewka's former assistant whom he and ...
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Heinrich Adolf Gottron
1890 - 1974 (84 years)
Heinrich Adolf Gottron was a German dermatologist remembered for Gottron's papules and Gottron's syndrome. He also edited Joseph Jadassohn's Handbook of Skin and Venereal Diseases. External links
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Walter J. Dilling
1886 - 1950 (64 years)
Walter James Dilling was a Scottish pharmacologist and physiologist. Life His father was William Dilling. Dilling was married and had children. Scientific career In 1907 Dilling gained the M.B. , and he was a Phillips Scholar. Walter James Dilling, who has been Lecturer in Pharmacology in the University since 1910, has been appointed to the Dr. Robert Pollok Lectureship in Materia Medica and Pharmacology in Glasgow University. Dr. Dilling, after graduating, was for a year junior assistant in physiology. He then proceeded to Germany as Carnegie Scholar and Fellow, and studied and taught at the University of Rostock under Dr.
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Ugo Cerletti
1877 - 1963 (86 years)
Ugo Cerletti was an Italian neurologist who discovered the method of electroconvulsive therapy used in psychiatry. Electroconvulsive therapy is a therapy in which electric current is used to provoke a seizure for a short duration. This therapy is used in an attempt to treat certain mental disorders, and may be useful when other possible treatments have not, or cannot, cure the person of their mental disorder.
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Raymond Begg
1898 - 1983 (85 years)
Percival Raymond Begg AO was a professor at the University of Adelaide School of Dentistry and a well known orthodontist, famous for developing the "Begg technique". Permanent displays dedicated to the Begg technique can be found in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC, the Library of the American Dental Association in Chicago, and the PR Begg Museum at the University of Adelaide.
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Frederick B. Moorehead
1875 - 1944 (69 years)
Frederick Brown Moorehead was an oral surgeon, and led a campaign for what is now the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry to become part of the University of Illinois. Frederick Moorehead was born in 1875 in Mineral Point, Wisconsin, son of James Walter Moorehead and Mary Jane Brown. He graduated from Chicago College of Dental Surgery in 1899 and from Rush Medical College in 1905.
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C. E. S. Phillips
1871 - 1945 (74 years)
Major Charles Edmund Stanley Phillips OBE FIP FRSE was a 20th-century British physicist and radiologist. He was also a gifted amateur artist. One of the founders of the Institute of Physics in 1920, the Phillips Award is named in his honour.
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Sigmund Freud
1856 - 1939 (83 years)
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as originating from conflicts in the psyche, through dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst, and the distinctive theory of mind and human agency derived from it.
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Wolfgang Rosenthal
1882 - 1971 (89 years)
Wolfgang Rosenthal was a German oral surgeon. Until the mid-1930s, he also pursued a parallel career as a bass-baritone singer. After the destructive bombing of the in Leipzig it became necessary to identify the physical remains of Johann Sebastian Bach before they could be reburied at the Thomaskirche nearby: Rosenthal was able to combine his knowledge of anatomy with his insights into the physical effect of a lifetime of organ playing on a musician's legs to provide the necessary identification.
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Jean Alexandre Barré
1880 - 1967 (87 years)
Jean Alexandre Barré was a French neurologist who in 1916 worked on the identification of Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome, as well as Barré–Liéou syndrome. Biography First studies He studied medicine in Nantes, afterwards serving his internship in Paris, where he was influenced by Joseph Babinski . In 1912 he obtained his medical doctorate with a thesis on osteoarthropathy associated with tabes dorsalis.
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Fernando Ocaranza Carmona
1876 - 1965 (89 years)
Fernando Ocaranza Carmona was a Mexican surgeon, rector of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , and military in the rank of a Coronel . Ocaranza, son of Ramón Ocaranza and his wife Antonia Carmona, visited the Instituto Científico y Literario de Toluca, studied at the Escuela Práctica Médico Militar, and graduated at the Escuela Nacional de Medicina. Reportedly he passed his practical training in the Guaymas Municipal Hospital, in the Hospital de la Cruz Roja , in the military hospital and in the General Hospital in Mexico City. In 1901 he married Loreto Esquer, who gave birth to the...
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Muriel Bell
1898 - 1974 (76 years)
Muriel Emma Bell was a New Zealand nutritionist and medical researcher. Early life Bell was born in Murchison, New Zealand on 4 January 1898, the daughter of Thomas, a farmer, and Eliza . Bell attended the local school in Murchison. In 1907, her mother was killed, and her father injured, in a tramcar accident in Wellington and her father consequently had to give up farming. He moved the family to Nelson and later became Mayor of Richmond.
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Asta von Mallinckrodt-Haupt
1896 - 1960 (64 years)
Asta von Mallinckrodt-Haupt, also Malinkrodt, was a German dermatologist. She was the first female professor of dermatology in Germany. Life Von Mallinckrodt-Haupt, daughter of Stephan von Haupt, Councillor of the District Court, studied medicine in Berlin from 1915, passing her state examination in 1921, followed by specialist training in dermatology at the Charité under Franz Blumenthal. In 1922, she received her doctorate for her dissertation "Beitrag zur Frage der Immimmitätserscheinungen bei Hyphomycetenerkrankungen" with Blumenthal in Berlin. Together with Blumenthal, she wrote the c...
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Albert Jodlbauer
1871 - 1945 (74 years)
Albert Jodlbauer was a German pharmacologist and toxicologist. From 1891 to 1896 he studied medicine at the University of Munich, where in 1896 he received his doctorate as a pupil of Otto Bollinger. Following graduation he worked as an assistant in the institute of pharmacology at Munich under the directorship of Hermann von Tappeiner. In 1908 he became an associate professor, and in 1914 was named departmental head of the pharmacological institute. From 1923 onward, he was a full professor of pharmacy and pharmacology at the veterinary faculty of the University of Munich.
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Vincent DePaul Lynch
1927 - 1984 (57 years)
Vincent de Paul Lynch was a pharmacology and toxicology professor at St. John's University from 1958 to 1984. He was appointed Chair of the Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology and Allied Sciences , Chair of Pharmaceutical Sciences , and Chair of the Institutional Review Board . He also served as the director and founder of the school's Bachelor of Science Program in Toxicology , the first program of its kind in the U.S.
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Robert Kienböck
1871 - 1953 (82 years)
Robert Kienböck was an Austrian radiologist who was a native of Vienna. In 1895 he earned his medical doctorate at the University of Vienna, and spent the next year abroad . He returned to Vienna as an assistant to Leopold von Schrötter , a laryngologist, and began working in the new science of radiology. Several years later, he became head of the radiological department at Vienna General Hospital. In 1926 he became an associate professor of radiology.
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Andrija Štampar
1888 - 1958 (70 years)
Andrija Štampar was a distinguished scholar in the field of social medicine from Croatia. Education Štampar was born 1 September 1888 in Brodski Drenovac , at the time part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, in modern Požega-Slavonia County. From 1898 to 1906, he attended grammar school in Vinkovci. During his secondary schooling, Štampar was a brilliant pupil and, at that time, he wrote his first literary attempt, published in the periodical Pobratim in 1902. He enrolled at the medical school in Vienna in 1906, which was at the time the most important medical center in the world. As a medical s...
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Alexander Fleming
1881 - 1955 (74 years)
Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish physician and microbiologist, best known for discovering the world's first broadly effective antibiotic substance, which he named penicillin. His discovery in 1928 of what was later named benzylpenicillin from the mould Penicillium rubens has been described as the "single greatest victory ever achieved over disease". For this discovery, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.
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Samuel Jay Crumbine
1862 - 1954 (92 years)
Samuel Jay Crumbine was a pioneer in public health who campaigned against the common drinking cup, the common towel, and spitting in public in order to prevent the spread of tuberculosis and other germs.
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Arnold Kutzinski
1879 - 1956 (77 years)
Arnold Kutzinski was a controversial German psychiatrist and neurologist, known as both an outspoken critic of psychoanalysis and a supporter of eugenics. He studied medicine at the University of Berlin, University in Munich and at Freiburg, where he graduated in 1905.
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Leon Tochowicz
1897 - 1965 (68 years)
Leon Tochowicz was a Polish internist and cardiologist. For three terms he was a rector of the Medical Academy in Kraków , and was referred to as the "founder of the Kraków school of cardiology". He was the author of nearly one hundred original research papers, mostly in the field of clinical cardiology, and was the initiator of the construction of the Institute of Pediatrics in Kraków-Prokocim, nowadays the University Children's Hospital in Kraków.
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Martin Dobelle
1906 - 1986 (80 years)
Martin Dobelle was an American surgeon. Early life and education Born in New York City December 25, 1906, the son of Harry and Ida Kaplan Dobelle, he grew up in Brooklyn, New York. An alumnus of Boys High School, he received a track and field scholarship to and graduated from Fordham University in 1926 where he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. After working in a Brooklyn pharmacy for two years, he studied medicine at the University of Ghent in Belgium, where he received his M.D. degree in 1932. As an intern and resident, he served in various American hospitals, including Boston City Hospital, at which time he held teaching fellowships at both Tufts University and Harvard University.
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Jean-Athanase Sicard
1872 - 1929 (57 years)
Jean-Athanase Sicard was a French neurologist and radiologist born in Marseille. He studied medicine in Marseille and Paris, where he studied with Charles Emile Troisier , Édouard Brissaud , Henri-Alexandre Danlos , Fulgence Raymond and Georges-Fernand-Isidore Widal . With Widal he performed serodiagnostic studies in immunology. In 1899 he obtained his medical doctorate, and in 1910 was appointed chef de service at the Hôpital Necker. In 1923 he became a professor of internal pathology.
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Ludwig Ferdinand Meyer
1879 - 1954 (75 years)
Ludwig Ferdinand Meyer was a pediatrician and nutrition expert , professor of Medicine at the University of Berlin and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Biography Meyer studied medicine in Munich, Berlin and Bonn, where he graduated in 1902 and worked for three years in the Charite hospital in Berlin before moving in 1905 to work with the eminent pediatrician Heinrich Finkelstein, with whom he also wrote articles and chapters in many medical books many. After Finkelstein's retirement Meyer was appointed director of the Emperor Frederick Berlin Hospital but in May 1933 was forced to resign due to the Nazi racial laws.
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Hélène Sparrow
1891 - 1970 (79 years)
Hélène Sparrow , was a Polish medical doctor and bacteriologist. She is best known for her work on the control of many epidemics including: typhoid fever, cholera, dysentery, and smallpox. Throughout the 1920s, Sparrow worked with the Polish Armed Forces at the State Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw. While at the State Institute of Hygiene, she worked vigilantly to produce the first vaccine against typhus and ran several large-scale vaccination campaigns to control the spread of diphtheria and scarlet fever all along the eastern frontiers of Poland. In 1933, Sparrow began to study flea-borne and...
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George Smith
1919 - 1984 (65 years)
George Smith was a 20th century Scottish surgeon who emigrated to the United States of America. Life He was born on 4 June 1919 in Carnoustie the son of John Shand Smith and his wife Lilimina Myles Mathers. He was educated at the Grove Academy. He then studied Medicine at St. Andrews University graduating MB ChB in 1942, and starting as an intern at Dundee Royal Infirmary.
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Alfred Bannwarth
1903 - 1970 (67 years)
Alfred Bannwarth was a German neurologist who is credited for first reporting lymphocytic meningoradiculitis. Biography Early life and education After first studying music, Bannwarth studied medicine in Munich, Germany, and later became an assistant to German neurologist Max Nonne in Hamburg.
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Truby King
1858 - 1938 (80 years)
Sir Frederic Truby King , generally known as Truby King, was a New Zealand health reformer and Director of Child Welfare. He is best known as the founder of the Plunket Society. Early life King was born in New Plymouth on 1 April 1858, the son of Thomas and Mary King. His brother, Newton King, was to become a leading Taranaki businessman. Truby King was privately educated by Henry Richmond and proved to be a keen scholar. After working for a short time as a bank clerk he travelled to Edinburgh and Paris to study medicine. In 1886, he graduated with honours with a M.B., C.M, and later completed a BSc in Public Health .
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Henryk Hilarowicz
1890 - 1941 (51 years)
Henryk Hilarowicz was a Polish surgeon, and a professor at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lwów. He was murdered by the Nazis in the Massacre of Lwów professors. Further reading
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Minnie Evangeline Jordon
1865 - 1952 (87 years)
Minnie Evangeline Jordon was an American dentist, and the first dentist in the United States to specialize in pediatric dentistry. Early life Minnie Evangeline Jordon was born in Fulton County, Illinois, the daughter of Eugene B. Jordon and Catherine Rebecca Calvert Jordon. She moved to California in 1887 and graduated from the Los Angeles State Normal School in 1891. She went on to graduate from the University of California's dental program in 1898. While she was in dental school, she ran an oral health clinic at an orphanage in San Francisco.
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Ludwig Guttmann
1899 - 1980 (81 years)
Sir Ludwig Guttmann was a German-British neurologist who established the Stoke Mandeville Games, the sporting event for people with disabilities that evolved in England into the Paralympic Games. A Jewish doctor who fled Nazi Germany just before the start of the Second World War, Guttmann was a founding father of organized physical activities for people with disabilities.
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Vasili Razumovsky
1857 - 1935 (78 years)
Vasili Ivanovich Razumovsky was a Russian and Soviet surgeon who was professor of surgery at Kazan University starting in 1887. Rasumovsky was among the founders of universities at Saratov , Tbilisi , and Baku , and was the first rector of Baku State University . After 1920 he returned to Kazan University, and taught there until 1930.
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Naomi Deutsch
1890 - 1983 (93 years)
Naomi Deutsch was a professional Registered nurse, the organizer and director of the Public Health Unit of the Federal Children's Bureau of the Department of Labor of Washington, D.C. Early life Naomi Deutsch born in Brno, Moravia, on November 5, 1890, the daughter of Rabbi Dr. Gotthard Deutsch and Hermine Bacher. In 1891 the family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where Rabbi Deutsch accepted a position as professor of history at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion. He was also a prolific author. Naomi Deutsch from both paternal and maternal side could trace ancestor back into 15th c...
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Jean-François Heymans
1859 - 1932 (73 years)
Jean-François Heymans, also Jan Frans Heymans was a Belgian pharmacologist and physiologist. He was the father of physiologist Corneille Jean François Heymans. He received his education at the University of Leuven, where he earned doctorates in natural sciences and medicine . From 1884 to 1887 he worked as a préparateur in the laboratory of physiology under Ernest Masoin. Afterwards, he travelled to Berlin, where he spent three years as an assistant to Emil Heinrich Du Bois-Reymond. In 1891 he was named professor of pharmacodynamics and general therapeutics at the University of Ghent. Here, he founded a laboratory for experimental pharmacology and therapeutics.
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Paul Georges Dieulafoy
1839 - 1911 (72 years)
Paul Georges Dieulafoy was a French physician and surgeon. He is best known for his study of acute appendicitis and his description of Dieulafoy's lesion, a rare cause of gastric bleeding. Life, studies, and career Dieulafoy was born in Toulouse. He studied medicine in Paris and earned his doctorate in 1869. In 1863, during his third year of medical school, Dieulafoy went to Paris to attend the clinical department of Professor Armand Trousseau. The two men remained close until the former's death in 1867, with Dieulafoy being referred to as Trousseau's spiritual son. Dieulafoy later led an am...
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Albert Jesionek
1870 - 1935 (65 years)
Albert Jesionek was a German dermatologist. He studied medicine at the universities of Kiel, Tübingen and Munich, where in 1894 he received his doctorate. After graduation, he spent several years working as an assistant at the municipal hospital in Munich, and from 1900 served as a deputy senior physician at the dermatology clinic in Munich under Karl Posselt . In 1906 he became an associate professor, and later the same year relocated to the University of Giessen, where in 1913 he was appointed director of the Lupusheilstätte . In 1918 he was named a full professor of dermatology at the univ...
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Gilbert Ballet
1853 - 1916 (63 years)
Gilbert Ballet was a French psychiatrist, neurologist and historian who was a native of Ambazac in the department of Haute-Vienne. He studied medicine in Limoges and Paris, and subsequently became Chef de clinique under Jean-Martin Charcot at the Salpêtrière. In 1900 he became a professor of psychiatry, and in 1904 established the department of psychiatry at Hôtel-Dieu de Paris. In 1909 he succeeded Alix Joffroy as chair of clinical psychiatry and brain disorders at the Hôpital Sainte-Anne.
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Jean-Martin Charcot
1825 - 1893 (68 years)
Jean-Martin Charcot was a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. He worked on hypnosis and hysteria, in particular with his hysteria patient Louise Augustine Gleizes. Charcot is known as "the founder of modern neurology", and his name has been associated with at least 15 medical eponyms, including various conditions sometimes referred to as Charcot diseases.
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William Stewart Halsted
1852 - 1922 (70 years)
William Stewart Halsted, M.D. was an American surgeon who emphasized strict aseptic technique during surgical procedures, was an early champion of newly discovered anesthetics, and introduced several new operations, including the radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Along with William Osler , Howard Atwood Kelly and William H. Welch , Halsted was one of the "Big Four" founding professors at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. His operating room at Johns Hopkins Hospital is in Ward G, and was described as a small room where medical discoveries and miracles took place. According to an intern who once...
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Edward Angle
1855 - 1930 (75 years)
Edward Hartley Angle was an American dentist, widely regarded as "the father of American orthodontics". He was trained as a dentist, but made orthodontics his speciality and dedicated his life to standardizing the teaching and practice of orthodontics. He founded the Angle School of Orthodontia in 1899 in St. Louis and schools in other regions of the United States. As the originator of the profession, Angle founded three orthodontic schools between 1905 and 1928 in St. Louis, Missouri, New London, Connecticut and Pasadena, California. These exclusive institutions provided the opportunity fo...
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Harvey Cushing
1869 - 1939 (70 years)
Harvey Williams Cushing was an American neurosurgeon, pathologist, writer, and draftsman. A pioneer of brain surgery, he was the first exclusive neurosurgeon and the first person to describe Cushing's disease. He wrote a biography of physician William Osler in three volumes.
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John Snow
1813 - 1858 (45 years)
John Snow was an English physician and a leader in the development of anaesthesia and medical hygiene. He is considered one of the founders of modern epidemiology, in part because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in London's Soho, which he identified as a particular public water pump. Snow's findings inspired the adoption of anaesthesia as well as fundamental changes in the water and waste systems of London, which led to similar changes in other cities, and a significant improvement in general public health around the world.
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Margaret Sanger
1879 - 1966 (87 years)
Margaret Higgins Sanger , also known as Margaret Sanger Slee, was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse. Sanger popularized the term "birth control", opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established organizations that evolved into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.
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Max Joseph von Pettenkofer
1818 - 1901 (83 years)
Max Joseph Pettenkofer, ennobled in 1883 as Max Joseph von Pettenkofer was a Bavarian chemist and hygienist. He is known for his work in practical hygiene, as an apostle of good water, fresh air and proper sewage disposal. He was further known as an anti-contagionist, a school of thought, named later on, that did not believe in the then novel concept that bacteria were the main cause of disease. In particular he argued in favor of a variety of conditions collectively contributing to the incidence of disease including: personal state of health, the fermentation of environmental ground water, and also the germ in question.
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Pierre Marie
1853 - 1940 (87 years)
Pierre Marie was a French neurologist and political journalist close to the SFIO. Medical career After finishing medical school, he served as an interne , working as an assistant to neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot at the Salpêtrière and Bicêtre Hospitals in Paris. In 1883 he received his medical doctorate with a graduate thesis on Basedow’s disease, being promoted to médecin des hôpitaux several years later . In 1907 he attained the chair of pathological anatomy at the Faculty of Medicine, and in 1917 was appointed to the chair of neurology, a position he held until 1925. In 1911 Marie becam...
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Carl Wernicke
1848 - 1905 (57 years)
Carl Wernicke was a German physician, anatomist, psychiatrist and neuropathologist. He is known for his influential research into the pathological effects of specific forms of encephalopathy and also the study of receptive aphasia, both of which are commonly associated with Wernicke's name and referred to as Wernicke encephalopathy and Wernicke's aphasia, respectively. His research, along with that of Paul Broca, led to groundbreaking realizations of the localization of brain function, specifically in speech. As such, Wernicke's area has been named after the scientist.
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Dorothea Dix
1802 - 1887 (85 years)
Dorothea Lynde Dix was an American advocate on behalf of the indigent mentally ill who, through a vigorous and sustained program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums. During the Civil War, she served as a Superintendent of Army Nurses.
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Vladimir Bekhterev
1857 - 1927 (70 years)
Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev was a Russian neurologist and the father of objective psychology. He is best known for noting the role of the hippocampus in memory, his study of reflexes, and Bekhterev’s disease. Moreover, he is known for his competition with Ivan Pavlov regarding the study of conditioned reflexes.
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Otto Loewi
1873 - 1961 (88 years)
Otto Loewi was a German-born pharmacologist and psychobiologist who discovered the role of acetylcholine as an endogenous neurotransmitter. For this discovery, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1936, which he shared with Sir Henry Dale, who was a lifelong friend that helped to inspire the neurotransmitter experiment. Loewi met Dale in 1902 when spending some months in Ernest Starling's laboratory at University College, London.
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Joseph Babinski
1857 - 1932 (75 years)
Joseph Jules François Félix Babinski was a French-Polish professor of neurology. He is best known for his 1896 description of the Babinski sign, a pathological plantar reflex indicative of corticospinal tract damage.
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