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List of the most influential people in Philosophy,

#13851

Julius Bergmann

1839 - 1904 (65 years)

Julius Bergmann was a German philosopher. Biography At the University of Göttingen and at the Humboldt University of Berlin, he devoted himself to mathematics and philosophy, was appointed to the chair of philosophy at the University of Königsberg in 1872, and three years later to a similar chair at the University of Marburg.

#13852

Pedro da Fonseca

Pedro da Fonseca

1528 - 1599 (71 years)

Pedro da Fonseca was a Portuguese Jesuit philosopher and theologian. His work on logic and metaphysics made him known in his time as the Portuguese Aristotle; he projected the 'Cursus Conimbricenses' realized by Manuel de Góis and others.

#13853

Ammonius of Athens

50 - 100 (50 years)

Ammonius of Athens , sometimes called Ammonius the Peripatetic, was a philosopher who taught in Athens in the 1st century AD. He was a teacher of Plutarch, who praises his great learning, and introduces him discoursing on religion and sacred rites. Plutarch wrote a biography of him, which is no longer extant, and also mentioned Ammonius master in other works like the De E apud Delphos within the collection of treatises known as Moralia. From the information supplied by Plutarch, Ammonius was clearly an expert in the works of Aristotle, but he may have nevertheless been a Platonist philosopher ...

#13854

Simon Flexner

1863 - 1946 (83 years)

Simon Flexner was a physician, scientist, administrator, and professor of experimental pathology at the University of Pennsylvania . He served as the first director of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research and a trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation. He was also a friend and adviser to John D. Rockefeller Jr.

#13855

Pierre-Simon Ballanche

Pierre-Simon Ballanche

1776 - 1847 (71 years)

Pierre-Simon Ballanche was a French writer and counterrevolutionary philosopher, who elaborated a theology of progress that possessed considerable influence in French literary circles in the beginning of the nineteenth century. He was the ninth member elected to occupy seat 4 of the Académie française in 1842.

#13856

Krishna Chandra Bhattacharya

Krishna Chandra Bhattacharya

1875 - 1949 (74 years)

Krishnachandra Bhattacharyya, commonly referred to as K.C. Bhattacharyya, , was a modern Indian philosopher affiliated with the University of Calcutta. He gained renown for his method of "constructive interpretation," a scholarly approach employed to elucidate and elaborate upon the interrelationships and intricacies inherent in ancient Indian philosophical systems. This method facilitated an examination of these systems akin to the scrutiny applied to contemporary philosophical problems. Bhattacharyya dedicated particular attention to the inquiry into the manner in which the mind engenders what appears to be a material universe.

#13857

Wilhelm Dietler

Wilhelm Dietler was a German philosopher and early animal rights writer. Dietler was a Master of Philosophy and in 1791 received a professorship of logic and metaphysics at the University of Mainz. He is best known for his book Gerechtigkeit gegen Thiere in 1787. The book is the oldest work to use the German term "thierrechte" . Dietler argued that the irrationality or incapability of animals to lodge claims was an insufficient reason to deny the existence of rights to animals as children showed the same characteristics in this respect yet nobody would deny that a child has certain rights. T...

#13858

Peter Simmonds

#13859

Franz Jakob Clemens

1815 - 1862 (47 years)

Franz Jacob Clemens was a German Catholic philosopher, a layman who defended the Catholic Church even on theological questions. Life Clemens was born in Koblenz. After spending some time in an educational institution in Metz, he entered, at the age of sixteen, the Jesuit College of Fribourg, Switzerland, attended the Gymnasium at Koblenz, and thence passed to the University of Bonn. In 1835 he matriculated at the University of Berlin, where he devoted special attention to the study of philosophy and received the doctorate in philosophy in 1839 with a dissertation titled De philosophia Anaxago...

#13860

Aristotle of Mytilene

Aristotle of Mytilene was a distinguished Peripatetic philosopher in the time of Galen. It has been argued that he was a teacher of Alexander of Aphrodisias. Galen referred to him as "a leading figure in Peripatetic scholarship." According to Galen, Aristotle of Mytilene never drank cold water because it gave him spasms, but he was attacked with a disease in which it was thought necessary for him to take it. He drank the cold water and died.

#13861

Herminus

Herminus was a Peripatetic philosopher. He lived in the first half of the 2nd century. He appears to have written commentaries on most of the works of Aristotle. Simplicius says he was the teacher of Alexander of Aphrodisias. We learn from Alexander's commentary on the Prior Analytics that Herminus had worked on Aristotle's syllogistic system, adding innovations which Alexander disapproved of. His writings, of which nothing remains, are frequently referred to by Boethius, who mentions a treatise by him, On Interpretation , as also Analytics and Topics.

#13862

Vasile Conta

1845 - 1882 (37 years)

Vasile Conta was a Romanian philosopher, poet, and politician. The son of a priest, he was born in Ghindăoani, a village in Bălțătești commune, Neamț County. He attended primary school in Târgu Neamț , and graduated from the Academia Mihăileană in Iași in 1868. Beneficiary of a fellowship, he went to study in 1871 in Belgium, first in Antwerp, and then at the Free University of Bruxelles, from which he graduated with a law degree in 1872. Upon returning to Romania, he was appointed professor at the University of Iași's Law School.

#13863

William Drennan

1754 - 1820 (66 years)

William Drennan was an Irish physician and writer who moved the formation in Belfast and Dublin of the Society of United Irishmen. He was the author of the Society's original "test" which, in the cause of representative government, committed "Irishmen of every religious persuasion" to a "brotherhood of affection". Drennan had been active in the Irish Volunteer movement and achieved renown with addresses to the public as his "fellow slaves" and to the British Viceroy urging "full and final" Catholic emancipation. After the suppression of the 1798 Rebellion, he sought to advance democratic reform through his continued journalism and through education.

#13864

Appayya Dikshita

1520 - 1593 (73 years)

Appayya Dikshita , 1520–1593 CE, was a performer of yajñas as well as an expositor and practitioner of the Advaita Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy but with a focus on Shiva or Shiva Advaita. Life Appayya Dikshitar was born as Vinayaka Subramanian in Adayapalam, near Arani in the Tiruvannamalai district, in the Krishna Paksha of the Kanya month of Pramateecha Varsha under the Uttara Proushthapada constellation of the Hindu calendar.

#13865

Mori Ōgai

1862 - 1922 (60 years)

Lieutenant-General Mori Rintarō, known by his pen name Mori Ōgai, was a Japanese Army Surgeon general officer, translator, novelist, poet and father of famed author Mari Mori. He obtained his medical license at a very young age and introduced translated German language literary works to the Japanese public. Mori Ōgai also was considered the first to successfully express the art of western poetry in Japanese. He wrote many works and created many writing styles. The Wild Geese is considered his major work. After his death, he was considered one of the leading writers who modernized Japanese lit...

#13866

Bardaisan

154 - 222 (68 years)

Bardaisan , known in Arabic as ibn Dayṣān and in Latin as Bardesanes, was a Syriac-speaking Assyrian Christian writer and teacher with a gnostic background, and founder of the Bardaisanites. A scientist, scholar, astrologer, philosopher, hymnwriter, and poet, Bardaisan was also renowned for his knowledge of India, on which he wrote a book, now lost. According to the early Christian historian Eusebius, Bardaisan was at one time a follower of the gnostic Valentinus, but later opposed Valentinian gnosticism and also wrote against Marcionism.

#13867

Henry Jones

1852 - 1922 (70 years)

Sir Henry Jones, was a Welsh philosopher and academic. Biography Jones was born in Llangernyw, now in Conwy County Borough, the son of a shoemaker. After working as an apprentice to his father, he studied at Bangor Normal College and became a teacher at Brynamman. Having decided to enter the Presbyterian ministry, he went to the University of Glasgow on a scholarship. After graduating, he obtained a fellowship, and went on to study at Oxford and in Germany. In 1882 he married Annie Walker, a Scotswoman, and later returned to live in Scotland.

#13868

Maud Menten

1879 - 1960 (81 years)

Maud Leonora Menten was a Canadian physician and chemist. As a bio-medical and medical researcher, she made significant contributions to enzyme kinetics and histochemistry, and invented a procedure that remains in use. She is primarily known for her work with Leonor Michaelis on enzyme kinetics in 1913. The paper has been translated from its written language of German into English.

#13869

Warren Henry Cole

1898 - 1990 (92 years)

Warren Henry Cole was an American surgeon, a pioneer in the field of adjunctive treatments for surgical cancer patients. With Evarts Ambrose Graham, he co-developed in the process of visualizing the gall bladder with X-rays by using contrast media, a process used in the diagnosis of gall bladder disease, in 1924.

#13870

Jacob Loewenberg

1882 - 1969 (87 years)

Jacob Loewenberg was a Latvian-American philosopher. Life and career Loewenberg was born in Tukums, Russian Empire and moved to Riga at age 13. Fearing conscription by the Russian Army, he made his way to Boston in 1904 by way of Germany and England. Loewenberg was accepted into Harvard College upon arrival and began studying philosophy, earning a bachelor's degree in 1908, a master's degree in 1909, and a doctorate in 1911 . At Harvard, he was influenced by Josiah Royce and George Santayana. He taught German and Philosophy at Wellesley College before taking an appointment in the philosophy department at University of California, Berkeley in 1915.

#13871

John Nicholas Walton

#13872

Elizabeth Blackwell

Elizabeth Blackwell

1821 - 1910 (89 years)

Elizabeth Blackwell was a British and American physician, notable as the first woman to earn a medical degree in the United States, and the first woman on the Medical Register of the General Medical Council for the United Kingdom. Blackwell played an important role in both the United States and the United Kingdom as a social reformer, and was a pioneer in promoting education for women in medicine. Her contributions remain celebrated with the Elizabeth Blackwell Medal, awarded annually to a woman who has made a significant contribution to the promotion of women in medicine.

#13873

François-Napoléon-Marie Moigno

François-Napoléon-Marie Moigno

1804 - 1884 (80 years)

Abbé François-Napoléon-Marie Moigno was a French Catholic priest and one time Jesuit, as well as a physicist and author. He considered himself a student of Cauchy. Life Moigno was born at Guémené-sur-Scorff, Morbihan, in Brittany, on 15 April 1804. He received his early education at the Jesuit college at Sainte-Anne-d'Auray and entered the novitiate of the Society of Jesus on 2 September 1822. He did his theological studies at Montrouge, devoting his leisure to mathematics and physics.

#13874

Giovanni Domenico Cassini

Giovanni Domenico Cassini

1625 - 1712 (87 years)

Giovanni Domenico Cassini, also known as Jean-Dominique Cassini was an Italian mathematician, astronomer and engineer. Cassini was born in Perinaldo, near Imperia, at that time in the County of Nice, part of the Savoyard state. Cassini is known for his work on astronomy and engineering. He discovered four satellites of the planet Saturn and noted the division of the rings of Saturn; the Cassini Division was named after him. Giovanni Domenico Cassini was also the first of his family to begin work on the project of creating a topographic map of France.

#13875

Joseph Rickaby

1845 - 1932 (87 years)

Joseph John Rickaby, SJ was an English Jesuit priest and philosopher. Life Rickaby was born in 1845 in Everingham, York. He received his education at Stonyhurst College, and was ordained in 1877, one of the so-called Stonyhurst Philosophers, along with Richard F. Clarke, Herbert Lucas, and his own brother, John Rickaby. a significant group for neo-scholasticism in England. At the time he was at St Beuno's, he was on friendly terms with Gerard Manley Hopkins; they were ordained on the same day.

#13876

Gerard Bolland

1854 - 1922 (68 years)

Gerardus Johannes Petrus Josephus Bolland , also known as G.J.P.J. Bolland, was a Dutch autodidact, linguist, philosopher, biblical scholar, and lecturer. An excellent orator, he gave extremely well attended public lectures in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht, Delft, Groningen, Nijmegen and Belgium.

#13877

Tilopa

928 - 1009 (81 years)

Tilopa was an Indian Buddhist monk in the tantric Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism. He lived along the Ganges River, with wild ladies as a tantric practitioner and mahasiddha. He practised Anuttarayoga Tantra, a set of spiritual practices intended to accelerate the process of attaining Buddhahood. He became a holder of all the tantric lineages, possibly the only person in his day to do so. As well as the way of insight, and Mahamudra he learned and passed on the Way of Methods, today known as the 6 Yogas of Naropa, and guru yoga. Naropa is considered his main student.

#13878

Kaneko Daiei

1881 - 1976 (95 years)

Kaneko Daiei was a Japanese Shin Buddhist philosopher and priest during the first half of the 20th century, belonging to the Ōtani-ha branch of Shin Buddhism. He was born to the priest of Saiken-ji, a Shin Buddhist temple in Jōetsu, Niigata Prefecture. He attended Shinshu University from 1901 when it was under the new leadership of Kiyozawa Manshi. It was at this time that he met and became close to Soga Ryojin. After graduating, he returned home and worked to propagate the ideas of Kiyozawa. In 1916, Kaneko took up a position on the faculty of Ōtani University. In 1925 and 1926, he published ...

#13879

Matthias Jakob Schleiden

Matthias Jakob Schleiden

1804 - 1881 (77 years)

Matthias Jakob Schleiden was a German botanist and co-founder of cell theory, along with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow. He published some poems and non-scientific work under the pseudonym Ernst.

#13880

Ali Murad Davudi

1922 - 1979 (57 years)

Dr Ali Murad Davudi was an Iranian Baháʼí who was a member of the national governing body of the Baháʼís in Iran. He was a professor at Tehran University in the philosophy department. In 1979, during a wave of persecution toward Baháʼís, he was kidnapped and has been presumed a victim of state execution.

#13881

John of Paris

1240 - 1304 (64 years)

John of Paris , also called Jean Quidort and Johannes de Soardis , was a French philosopher, theologian, and Dominican friar. Life John of Paris was born in Paris at an unknown date. Having obtained the degree of Master of Arts with distinction, he joined the Dominican Order, when about twenty years of age, at the Convent of St. James in his native city. There he taught philosophy and theology, and obtained the degree of Master of Theology. He was endowed with great ability, possessed great literary and linguistic attainments, and was considered one of the best theologians of the university a...

#13882

Victor Goldschmidt

1914 - 1981 (67 years)

Victor Goldschmidt was a French philosopher and historian of philosophy. Born in Germany, he came to France in 1933. Before the war he studied at the Sorbonne and at the École pratique des hautes études under Henri Marguerite.

#13883

Tomoji Abe

1903 - 1973 (70 years)

was a Japanese novelist, social critic, humanist, and translator of English and American literature. Although he began writing as a modernist, in his later works he represented the intellectual movement in Japanese literature. This movement departed from Japanese traditional thinking and from established forms of narration, which focused on esthetic values and emotional states of mind ; it also departed from modernist views, which continued to be popular in world literature and in Japan . Abe's intellectual approach was incompatible with the socio-political atmosphere of Japan in the early Shō...

#13884

Xenarchus of Seleucia

Xenarchus of Seleucia

Xenarchus of Seleucia in Cilicia, was a Greek Peripatetic philosopher and grammarian. Xenarchus left home early, and devoted himself to the profession of teaching, first at Alexandria, afterwards at Athens, and last at Rome, where he enjoyed the friendship of Arius, and afterwards of Augustus; and he was still living, in old age and honour, when Strabo wrote. Xenarchus disagreed with Aristotle on many issues. He denied the existence of the aether, composing a treatise entitled Against the Fifth Element. He is also mentioned by Simplicius, by Julian the Apostate, and by Alexander of Aphrodisia...

#13885

Arnold Böcklin

1827 - 1901 (74 years)

Arnold Böcklin was a Swiss Symbolist painter. Biography He was born in Basel. His father, Christian Frederick Böcklin , was descended from an old family of Schaffhausen, and engaged in the silk trade. His mother, Ursula Lippe, was a native of the same city. Arnold studied at the Düsseldorf academy under Schirmer, and became a friend of Anselm Feuerbach. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. Schirmer, who recognized in him a student of exceptional promise, sent him to Antwerp and Brussels, where he copied the works of Flemish and Dutch masters. Böcklin then went to Paris, wo...

#13886

Thomas Charles Hope

Thomas Charles Hope

1766 - 1844 (78 years)

Thomas Charles Hope was a Scottish physician, chemist and lecturer. He proved the existence of the element strontium, and gave his name to Hope's Experiment, which shows that water reaches its maximum density at .

#13887

Onasander

Onasander or Onosander was a Greek philosopher. He was the author of a commentary on the Republic of Plato, which is lost, but we still possess his Strategikos , a short but comprehensive work on the duties of a general. It is dedicated to Quintus Veranius, consul in AD 49, and legate of Britain. It was the chief authority for the military writings of the emperors Maurice and Leo VI, and Maurice of Saxony, who consulted it in a French translation and expressed a high opinion of it.

#13888

Gabriel Wagner

1660 - 1717 (57 years)

Gabriel Wagner was a radical German philosopher and materialist who wrote under the nom-de-plume Realis de Vienna. A follower of Spinoza and acquaintance of Leibniz, Wagner did not believe that the universe or bible were divine creations, and sought to extricate philosophy and science from the influence of theology. Wagner also held radical political views critical of the nobility and monarchy. After failing to establish lasting careers in cities throughout German-speaking Europe, Wagner died in or shortly after 1717.

#13889

Hedwig Conrad-Martius

1888 - 1966 (78 years)

Hedwig Conrad-Martius was a German phenomenologist who became a Christian mystic. Life and works She initially considered a literary career, but later became interested in philosophy. This started at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. She also studied at Göttingen. To celebrate its foundation festival, in 1912 Goettingen University gave a prize to the best original work on a philosophical topic. The names of all competitors were sealed, opened only after declaring a winner. Of about 200 philosophical works, only hers - titled "The Intuitional-Theoretical Principles of Positivism" - was awarded the prize.

#13890

Francisque Bouillier

Francisque Bouillier

1813 - 1899 (86 years)

Francisque Bouillier was a French philosopher, born in Lyons. He studied at the École Normale Supérieure, Paris, and in 1839 was appointed professor of philosophy at the University of Lyons. From 1849 to 1864 he was dean of the faculty at Lyons and from 1867 to 1870 director of the École Normale Supérieure. His works include:Histoire et critique de la révolution cartésienne Théorie de la raison impersonnelle Du principe vital et de l'âme pensante Du plaisir et de la douleur La vraie conscience Souvenirs d'un vieil universitaire

#13891

Théodore Eugène César Ruyssen

Théodore Eugène César Ruyssen

1868 - 1967 (99 years)

Théodore Eugène César Ruyssen was a French historian of philosophy and pacifist. Biography Ruyssen was born in Clisson, Loire-Atlantique, France. He was professor of the history of philosophy at the University of Bordeaux, and president of l'Association de la Paix par le Droit from 1896 to 1948.

#13892

John Lord Cameron

#13893

Ferdinand Eckstein

1790 - 1861 (71 years)

Ferdinand Eckstein , Baron d'Eckstein, was a philosopher and playwright. Biography He was born in Copenhagen as the son of a German Jew who had converted to Lutheran Protestantism. Eckstein converted to Catholicism in Rome in 1807 under the influence of Friedrich Schlegel, and settled in France, after Napoleon's defeat. He worked from 1815 to 1830 as a police-inspector, and was an advocate of religious and civil liberty.

#13894

Han Ryner

1861 - 1938 (77 years)

Jacques Élie Henri Ambroise Ner , also known by the pseudonym Han Ryner, was a French individualist anarchist philosopher and activist and a novelist. He wrote for publications such as L'Art social, L'Humanité nouvelle, L'Ennemi du Peuple, L'Idée Libre de Lorulot; and L'En dehors and L'Unique of fellow anarchist individualist Émile Armand. His thought is mainly influenced by stoicism and epicureanism.

#13895

Benjamin Waterhouse

Benjamin Waterhouse

1754 - 1846 (92 years)

Benjamin Waterhouse was a physician, co-founder and professor of Harvard Medical School. He is most well known for being the first doctor to test the smallpox vaccine in the United States, which he carried out on his own family.

#13896

Hans Pichler

1882 - 1958 (76 years)

Hans Pichler was an Austrian-born German philosopher. A student of Windelband and Meinong, he revived in his work the philosophy of Wolff contra the epistemologism of the Neo-Kantians, particularly in his Über Christian Wolffs Ontologie . Among those influenced by Pichler's turn to realist ontology was Nicolai Hartmann.

#13897

Vincent of Beauvais

Vincent of Beauvais

1190 - 1264 (74 years)

Vincent of Beauvais was a Dominican friar at the Cistercian monastery of Royaumont Abbey, France. He is known mostly for his Speculum Maius , a major work of compilation that was widely read in the Middle Ages. Often retroactively described as an encyclopedia or as a florilegium, his text exists as a core example of brief compendiums produced in medieval Europe.

#13898

Abdul Bari Nadvi

1886 - 1976 (90 years)

Abdul Bari Nadvi was an Indian Muslim scholar born in 1886 in the Barabanki district near Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. His father Hakim Abdul Khaliq was a student of Maulana Mohammad Naeem Farangi Mahli. His younger brother Saad-ud-Din Ansari was among the founding members of the Jamia Millia Delhi and taught there for a long time. Abdul Bari Nadvi died in Lucknow on 30 January 1976. He was survived by four sons and two daughters, all of whom are now deceased.

#13899

Teles of Megara

250 BC - Present (2276 years)

Teles of Megara , was a Cynic philosopher and teacher. He wrote various discourses , seven fragments of which were preserved by Stobaeus. Life Nothing is known about Teles except for the limited information he reveals in his writings. In his discourse On Exile he refers to events in the Chremonidean War in the 260s BC, and he makes a specific reference to Hippomedon's governorship in Thrace under Ptolemy III Euergetes in the years following 241 BC, thus this discourse was written shortly after this date. His native city is uncertain: he makes various indirect references to Megara which show that he was living and teaching there, but it is possible that he originally came from Athens.

#13900

Clemens Timpler

1563 - 1624 (61 years)

Clemens Timpler was a German philosopher, physicist and theologian. Along with Jakob Degen , he is considered an important Protestant metaphysician, establishing the Protestant Reformed Neuscholastik.

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