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Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines

Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.

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List of the most influential people in Philosophy,

#14751

Robert Aim Lennie

1889 - 1961 (72 years)

Robert Aim Lennie was Regius Professor of Midwifery at the University of Glasgow from 1946 to 1955. Lennie was born at Cambuslang, Glasgow in 1889 the son of Ritchie Lennie , an oil and colour manufacturer, from Kincardine, Perthshire, and his wife Isabella Crawford Smith, daughter of Brodie Smith, a drapery merchant, from Leslie, Fife. R.A. Lennie graduated MB from the University of Glasgow in 1912, and was admitted as a Fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in 1936.

#14752

Ferdinand Sauerbruch

Ferdinand Sauerbruch

1875 - 1951 (76 years)

Ernst Ferdinand Sauerbruch was a German surgeon. His major work was on the use of negative-pressure chambers for surgery. Biography Sauerbruch was born in Barmen , Germany. He studied medicine at the Philipps University of Marburg, the University of Greifswald, the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, and the University of Leipzig, from the last of which he graduated in 1902. He went to Breslau in 1903, where he developed the Sauerbruch chamber, a pressure chamber for operating on the open thorax, which he demonstrated in 1904. This invention was a breakthrough in thorax medicine and allowed heart and lung operations to take place at greatly reduced risk.

#14753

Pauline Alderman

Pauline Alderman

1893 - 1983 (90 years)

Edith Pauline Alderman was an American musicologist and composer. She was the founder and the first Chairwoman of the Department of Music History and Literature at the University of Southern California, between 1952 and 1960.

#14754

Katharine Lloyd-Williams

1896 - 1973 (77 years)

Katharine Georgina Lloyd-Williams CBE was a British anaesthetist, general practitioner and medical educator. She was a consultant anaesthetist at the Royal Free Hospital from 1934 and dean of the Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine from 1945, retiring from both posts in 1962.

#14755

Eric D'Ath

1897 - 1979 (82 years)

Eric Frederick D'Ath was a New Zealand pathologist, and was professor of pathology and medical jurisprudence at the University of Otago from 1929 until 1962. In the 1965 Queen's Birthday Honours, D'Ath was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, in recognition of his services as professor of pathology and medical jurisprudence at the University of Otago. In 1975, he was conferred an honorary Doctor of Science degree by the University of Otago.

#14756

Charles Leonard Hamblin

1922 - 1985 (63 years)

Charles Leonard Hamblin was an Australian philosopher, logician, and computer pioneer, as well as a professor of philosophy at the New South Wales University of Technology in Sydney. Among his most well-known achievements in the area of computer science was the introduction of Reverse Polish Notation and the use in 1957 of a push-down pop-up stack. This preceded the work of Friedrich Ludwig Bauer and Klaus Samelson on use of a push-pop stack. The stack had been invented by Alan Turing in 1946 when he introduced such a stack in his design of the ACE computer. In philosophy, Hamblin is known for his book Fallacies, a standard work in the area of the false conclusions in logic.

#14757

Günther Jacoby

1881 - 1969 (88 years)

Friedrich Günther Jacoby was a German theologian and philosopher. Life Born in Königsberg, Jacoby studied Protestant theology there from 1900 to 1903. He acquired the licentiate degree with a text interpretation of the Biblical book of Jeremiah. After the state examination for the higher school service in religion, Hebrew and German, which he passed in 1904, he studied philosophy in East Prussia and Berlin while working as an assistant teacher and received his doctorate in 1906 under Friedrich Paulsen with the work Herders "Kalligone" und ihre Verhältnis zu Kants "Kritik der Urteilskraft". Tw...

#14758

Nikos Nissiotis

1924 - 1986 (62 years)

Nikolaos "Nikos" A. Nissiotis was a Greek theologian, philosopher, university professor, and basketball coach. Basketball coaching career Nissiotis is largely credited with developing the sport of basketball in Greece. He was the head coach of the Greek League club Panellinios Athens, during its famous "Golden Five", or "Fabulous Five" era, during the 1950s decade. With Panellinios, he won 3 Greek League championships, in the years 1953, 1955, and 1957. He also won two European-wide International Club Tournament Championships with the club, as he won the 1955 Brussels Basketball Tournament and the 1956 San Remo Basketball Tournament.

#14759

Paul-Louis Landsberg

1901 - 1944 (43 years)

Paul-Louis Landsberg was a twentieth century Existentialist philosopher who is known for his works The Experience of Death and The Moral Problem of Suicide. Landsberg lectured at the Universities of Bonn, Madrid and Paris, among others. He was a pupil of Martin Heidegger, Edmund Husserl and Max Scheler, continuing their work in Phenomenology to tackle several vital subjects, including personal identity, death and suicide. He was a close friend of the Christian Existentialist Emmanuel Mounier and a key contributor to the philosophical journal Esprit .

#14760

Ignacio Chávez Sánchez

1897 - 1981 (84 years)

Ignacio Chávez Sánchez, M.D., F.A.C.P. was a prominent Mexican educator, cardiologist, and founding member of El Colegio Nacional. Education and professional career Dr. Chávez studied at Colegio de San Nicolás and the School of Medicine of Morelia. He received his bachelor's degree in medicine-surgery from the National University in 1920. He was the rector of the Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo from 1920 to 1921. He taught several subjects in the School of Medicine of Morelia and at the National School of Medicine since 1922. He specialized in cardiology in Paris under Henri Vasquez and Charles Laubry.

#14761

Richard McKeon

1900 - 1985 (85 years)

Richard McKeon was an American philosopher and longtime professor at the University of Chicago. His ideas formed the basis for the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Life, times, and influences McKeon obtained his undergraduate degree from Columbia University in 1920, graduating at the early age of 20 despite serving briefly in the U.S. Navy during the First World War. Continuing at Columbia, he completed a Master's thesis on Leo Tolstoy, Benedetto Croce, and George Santayana, also in 1920, and a doctoral thesis on Baruch Spinoza in 1922. In his doctoral studies, McKeon's mentors were Frederick J.

#14762

Maír José Benardete

1895 - 1989 (94 years)

Maír José Benardete was a scholar of Sephardic studies and was a long-time Professor of Spanish and Sephardic Studies at Brooklyn College. He was a past Director of The Hispanic Institute at Columbia University's Sephardic Studies Section in the late 1920s. The Institute was also known as Casa Hispánica.

#14763

Fred C. Cole

1912 - 1986 (74 years)

Fred Carrington Cole was an American librarian and historian. He was president of the Council on Library Resources and Washington and Lee University. In 1999, American Libraries named him one of the "100 Most Important Leaders We Had in the 20th Century".

#14764

Viktor Mucha

1877 - 1933 (56 years)

Viktor Mucha was a dermatologist from Austria. He was involved in early syphilis research. He studied medicine at the universities of Vienna and Strasbourg, receiving his doctorate in 1904. From 1905 he worked as an assistant under Ernst Finger in the department of skin and venereal diseases at Vienna. He was also a physician at the Kaiserin-Elisabethspital and the St. Anna-Kinderspital . In 1912 he obtained his habilitation for dermatology and syphilology at the university, becoming an associate professor in 1921.

#14765

Herbert Eimert

1897 - 1972 (75 years)

Herbert Eimert was a German music theorist, musicologist, journalist, music critic, editor, radio producer, and composer. Education Herbert Eimert was born in Bad Kreuznach. He studied music theory and composition from 1919 to 1924 at the Cologne Musikhochschule with Hermann Abendroth, , and August von Othegraven. In 1924, while still a student, he published an Atonale Musiklehre which, together with a twelve-tone string quartet composed for the end-of-term examination concert, led to an altercation with Bölsche, who withdrew the quartet from the program and expelled Eimert from his composit...

#14766

Peter Marshall Murray

1888 - 1969 (81 years)

Peter Marshall Murray, M.D. was president of the National Medical Association from 1932 to 1933. Biography He was born on June 9, 1888, in Houma, Louisiana to John L. Murray and Louvinia Smith. He attended Dillard University and graduated in 1910. In 1914 he was awarded his M.D. from Howard University. He interned at Freedmen's Hospital and then taught at Howard University. He served on the Howard University Board of Trustees.

#14767

Josef Hromádka

1889 - 1969 (80 years)

Josef Lukl Hromádka was a Czech Protestant theologian. He was a founder of the Christian Peace Conference. Born into a Lutheran peasant family in a village in Moravia in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Hromádka studied theology in Vienna, Basel and Heidelberg, as well as in Aberdeen. He was a supporter of and member from its foundation in 1918 of the unified Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren.

#14768

Emil von Dungern

1867 - 1961 (94 years)

Baron Emil von Dungern was a German internist. He was born in Würzburg and died in Bodman-Ludwigshafen. Von Dungern worked at the Heidelberg Institute for Experimental Cancer Research where he was the director of the scientific section. Ludwik Hirszfeld, the co-discoverer of the heritability of ABO blood groups, was his research assistant from 1907 to 1911. Hirszfeld, in his work Historia , described von Dungern as "a spiritual poet who had to fall in love with a problem in order to be able to work on it ... He was a flame burning from within."

#14769

Lance McCaskill

Lance McCaskill

1900 - 1985 (85 years)

Lancelot William McCaskill was a New Zealand agricultural instructor, lecturer, conservationist and writer. Born in Winchester, South Canterbury, New Zealand, he became aware of soil erosion problems in 1929 through his work towards his master's thesis Fertilizers in New Zealand, 1867–1929. He argued in favour of land management and conservation over downstream engineering solutions. His long career of public advocacy for soil conservation made him a pioneer of environmentalism, as it is understood today.

#14770

Frank McEachran

1900 - 1975 (75 years)

Frank McEachran , sometimes known as Kek, was a British schoolmaster and writer. He taught at English public schools and the University of Leipzig and wrote on philosophy, but his most commercially successful books were his anthologies Spells for Poets and More Spells which appeared in the 1950s.

#14771

Martin Dobelle

1906 - 1986 (80 years)

Martin Dobelle was an American surgeon. Early life and education Born in New York City December 25, 1906, the son of Harry and Ida Kaplan Dobelle, he grew up in Brooklyn, New York. An alumnus of Boys High School, he received a track and field scholarship to and graduated from Fordham University in 1926 where he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. After working in a Brooklyn pharmacy for two years, he studied medicine at the University of Ghent in Belgium, where he received his M.D. degree in 1932. As an intern and resident, he served in various American hospitals, including Boston City Hospital, at which time he held teaching fellowships at both Tufts University and Harvard University.

#14772

Joseph Schmidt-Görg

1897 - 1981 (84 years)

Joseph Schmidt-Görg was a German musicologist, composer and music editor. As a researcher at the University of Bonn and director of the Beethoven Archive, he is regarded as one of the leading Beethoven scholars of his time. He completed the new edition of Beethoven's complete works.

#14773

Herman Schmalenbach

Herman Schmalenbach

1885 - 1950 (65 years)

Herman Schmalenbach was a German philosopher who refined the concepts of Gemeinschaft and Bund. Biography He was born on 15 November 1885 in Breckerfeld, Germany, his brother was Eugen Schmalenbach. He studied in Jena, Berlin and Munich, and he received his doctorate in 1910 at Jena. From 1916 to 1917 he taught at a reform school in Ilbeshausen-Hochwaldhausen. In Göttingen from 1920 to 1923 he was an associate professor. He also taught in 1928 at the Leibniz University Hannover. From 1931 he started at the University of Basel, founded and worked there until his death on 3 November 1950 in Bas...

#14774

D.R. Bhandarkar

1875 - 1950 (75 years)

Devadatta Ramakrishna Bhandarkar was an Indian archaeologist and epigraphist who worked with the Archaeological Survey of India . Born in Marathi Gaud Saraswat Brahmin family, he was the son of eminent Indologist, R. G. Bhandarkar.

#14775

Ernst Bücken

1884 - 1949 (65 years)

Ernst Bücken was a German musicologist and university teacher. Life Born in Aachen, Bücken, son of a director of a textile factory, first began studying law at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn. After moving to the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München he studied musicology with Adolf Sandberger, piano with Walter Braunfels and Anna Hirzel-Langenhan and music composition with Walter Courvoisier. Besides, he attended lectures in German language and literature and philosophy with Franz Muncker, Georg von Hertling, Oswald Külpe and Ernst von Aster. With his dissertation on Anton Reicha, his life and his compositions he was awarded a doctorate in 1912.

#14776

Gordon Clark

1902 - 1985 (83 years)

Gordon Haddon Clark was an American philosopher and Calvinist theologian. He was a leading figure associated with presuppositional apologetics and was chairman of the Philosophy Department at Butler University for 28 years. He was an expert in pre-Socratic and ancient philosophy and was noted for defending the idea of propositional revelation against empiricism and rationalism, in arguing that all truth is propositional. His theory of knowledge is sometimes called scripturalism.

#14777

Antonín Heveroch

Antonín Heveroch

1869 - 1927 (58 years)

Antonín Heveroch was a Czech psychiatrist and neurologist. After working at the Psychiatric Clinic in Prague, he left it and established a second psychiatric hospital. Early years Heveroch was born in 1869 in Minice, a neighbourhood of Kralupy nad Vltavou. His father, František Heveroch , was a cantor and choir director. He attended primary school in Vepřek and Zlonice, and grammar school in Slaný. He initially studied at Charles University Faculty of Law, however, in 1889, he switched to the Faculty of Medicine, graduating in 1894. He was a student of Karel Kuffner. In 1899, he was studying ...

#14778

Emanuel Rádl

1873 - 1942 (69 years)

Emanuel Rádl was an original Czech biologist, historian of science, philosopher and a critical supporter of Masaryk´s pre-war democratic Czechoslovakia. He earned international renown by his works on the evolution of neural system and as historian of evolution theories.

#14779

John Walker

1893 - 1991 (98 years)

John Walker was a Canadian horticulturist and plant breeder who developed numerous varieties of trees and shrubs. His selections have been used in shelterbelts and landscaping applications across Canada and in northern countries around the world. Some of his selections include:Coronation Triumph PotentillaDensity and Korman SpireaJubilee WillowRadiance Amur MaplePrairie Princess PhloxGarry Pink ViburnumHill PoplarWalker PoplarWalker CaraganaHe was a founding member of the Indian Head Horticultural Society and past president of the Saskatchewan Institute of Agrologists, the Saskatchewan Hortic...

#14780

Anatole Chauffard

Anatole Chauffard

1855 - 1932 (77 years)

Anatole Marie Émile Chauffard was a French internist born in Avignon. He earned his doctorate in 1882, and became médecin des hôpitaux. In 1907 he was appointed professor of internal medicine at the Paris faculty. He was a member of the Académie de Médecine, and in 1911 attained the clinical chair at Hôpital Saint-Antoine.

#14781

William Coldstream

1908 - 1987 (79 years)

Sir William Menzies Coldstream, CBE was an English realist painter and a long-standing art teacher. Biography Coldstream was born at Belford, Northumberland, in northern England, the second son of country doctor George Probyn Coldstream and his wife Susan Jane Lilian, daughter of Maj. Robert Mercer-Tod, of the 43rd Regiment.

#14782

Thomas Stephen Cullen

Thomas Stephen Cullen

1868 - 1953 (85 years)

Thomas Stephen Cullen was a Canadian gynecologist associated with Johns Hopkins Hospital. Born in Bridgewater, Ontario, Cullen was educated at the Toronto Collegiate Institute and the University of Toronto, graduating from the latter school with a Bachelor of Medicine degree in 1890. He began studying at Johns Hopkins University the next year, before traveling to Germany and studying at Johannes Orth's laboratory at the University of Göttingen in 1893. From 1893 to 1896, Cullen was in charge of gynecological pathology at Johns Hopkins, and in 1919 he was named a professor of clinical gynecolo...

#14783

Rudolf von Ficker

1886 - 1954 (68 years)

Rudolf Ficker was an Austrian musicologist. Life Rudolf von Ficker was the son of the historian Julius von Ficker and brother of author/publisher Ludwig von Ficker and meteorologist/physicist Heinrich von Ficker. In 1905 he began his composition studies with Ludwig Thuille and Walter Courvoisier in Munich. He then continued his music studies with the musicologist Guido Adler in the Department of Music at the University of Vienna, where he received his doctorate in 1913. He habilitated at the University of Innsbruck in 1920, and in 1922/23 he was appointed associate professor at the University of Innsbruck.

#14784

Edward Bawden

1903 - 1989 (86 years)

Edward Bawden, was an English painter, illustrator and graphic artist, known for his prints, book covers, posters, and garden metalwork furniture. Bawden taught at the Royal College of Art, where he had been a student, worked as a commercial artist and served as a war artist in World War II. He was a fine watercolour painter but worked in many different media. He illustrated several books and painted murals in both the 1930s and 1960s. He was admired by Edward Gorey, David Gentleman and other graphic artists, and his work and career is often associated with that of his contemporary Eric Ravi...

#14785

Louisa Aldrich-Blake

Louisa Aldrich-Blake

1865 - 1925 (60 years)

Dame Louisa Brandreth Aldrich-Blake was a pioneering surgeon and one of the first British women to enter the world of modern medicine. Born in Chingford, Essex, she was the eldest daughter of a curate. Louisa Aldrich-Blake graduated in medicine from the Royal Free Hospital in 1893. She obtained her Master of Surgery degree and was a lead surgeon by 1910. Louisa volunteered for military medical service during the First World War. She was one of the first people to perform surgery on rectal and cervical cancers. In recognition of her commitment and achievements, a statue of her was erected in Tavistock Square, London.

#14786

Elizabeth H. West

Elizabeth H. West

1873 - 1948 (75 years)

Elizabeth H. West , was a librarian and archivist active in the United States during the early 20th century. West was appointed the Texas State Librarian in 1918, was two time President of the Texas Library Association, co-founder and first President of the Southwestern Library Association, and was the first Head Librarian of Texas Technological College .

#14787

Albert Brachet

1869 - 1930 (61 years)

Albert Auguste Toussaint Brachet was a Belgian physician and professor of anatomy and embryology at the Free University of Brussels . Brachet was a founder of the field of "causal embryology", the study of embryology and development using experiments.

#14788

Nikolay Lossky

1870 - 1965 (95 years)

Nikolay Onufriyevich Lossky , also known as N. O. Lossky, was a Russian philosopher, representative of Russian idealism, intuitionist epistemology, personalism, libertarianism, ethics and axiology . He gave his philosophical system the name intuitive-personalism. Born in Latvia, he spent his working life in St. Petersburg, New York, and Paris. He was the father of the influential Christian theologian Vladimir Lossky.

#14789

Theodor Kroyer

1873 - 1945 (72 years)

Theodor Kroyer was a German musicologist. Life Kroyer was born in Munich. After he won his Abitur in 1893 at the Wilhelmsgymnasium he studied at the University of Munich and the Akademie für Tonkunst in Munich. He received his doctorate in 1897 and habilitated in 1902 at the University of Munich, where he taught from 1907 as a non-permanent associate professor.

#14790

Austin Gill

1906 - 1990 (84 years)

Austin Gill, was a British scholar of the French language and culture. He was the Marshall Professor of French at the University of Glasgow from 1966 to 1971. Gill's family was of Irish extraction, but he was born in Stockport, England, which is just southeast of Manchester proper. Gill matriculated at the University of Manchester where he studied French and played football. After graduation, he went on to study first at Grenoble, where he played centre-half for FC Grenoble, and then in Paris. In France, Gill was a Faulkner Fellow from 1930 to 1931 and a then back in Manchester a Langton Fellow from 1931 to 1933.

#14791

George Smith

1919 - 1984 (65 years)

George Smith was a 20th century Scottish surgeon who emigrated to the United States of America. Life He was born on 4 June 1919 in Carnoustie the son of John Shand Smith and his wife Lilimina Myles Mathers. He was educated at the Grove Academy. He then studied Medicine at St. Andrews University graduating MB ChB in 1942, and starting as an intern at Dundee Royal Infirmary.

#14792

Susan Grey Akers

Susan Grey Akers

1889 - 1984 (95 years)

Susan Grey Akers was an American librarian and the first woman to hold an academic deanship at the University of North Carolina. Biography Akers was born on April 3, 1889, in Richmond, Kentucky, to Clara Elizabeth Harris and James Tazewell Akers, a language professor at the University of Kentucky. She received a bachelor's degree with a major of Latin and minor in Greek from the University of Kentucky in 1909, following which she taught Latin one year in a high school in Kentucky and fifth and sixth grades one year in Birmingham, Alabama. In 1911, she began work at a public library in Louisvi...

#14793

Alexander Nahum Sack

1890 - 1955 (65 years)

Alexander Nahum Sack or Aleksandr Naumovich Zak was a jurisprudence expert and professor of Russian law, specialized in international financial legislation. Sack was born in Moscow. After teaching at Petrograd Imperial University, he left Soviet Russia in 1921 to settle in Estonia, where he advised the government in monetary issues. He also gained Estonian citizenship, but he moved to Paris in 1925. He taught at the Institute of Political Studies in Paris and at the International Law Academy in The Hague before moving to London in 1929 to work as an expert for Equitable Life Insurance. Work for this company led him to New York in 1930.

#14794

Heinz Cassirer

1903 - 1979 (76 years)

Heinrich Walter Cassirer was a Kantianian philosopher, son of a famous German philosopher, Ernst Cassirer. Being Jews, the Cassirer family fled the Nazis in the 1930s. As a refugee scholar, Heinz went to University of Glasgow working with Professor H. J. Paton, who persuaded him to write a book on Kant's third Critique, the Critique of Judgment. Following Paton, he moved to Oxford, lecturing at Corpus Christi College, where his students included Iris Murdoch . He returned to the University of Glasgow in 1946, having been appointed to a permanent lectureship, and remained there until 1960 wh...

#14795

Amelia Earhart

1897 - 1939 (42 years)

Amelia Mary Earhart was an American aviation pioneer and writer. Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She set many other records, was one of the first aviators to promote commercial air travel, wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences, and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots.

#14796

Edwin Stringham

1890 - 1974 (84 years)

Edwin John Stringham was an American composer. Life Stringham was a native of Kenosha, Wisconsin. He earned a bachelor's degree in music from Northwestern University, a doctorate in music from the University of Denver, and a doctorate in teaching from the University of Cincinnati. He also studied at the Royal Academy of Rome, the Italian Academy, and the University of Munich. He died in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

#14797

August Siegrist

1865 - 1947 (82 years)

August Siegrist was a Swiss ophthalmologist remembered for describing Siegrist streaks. He trained at Basel, Zurich, Lausanne, Vienna and Bern, where he received his M.D. in 1892. He studied further in Bern under Emil Theodor Kocher and in Vienna under Ernst Fuchs. He was habilitated in ophthalmology at Basel in 1900, and in 1903 succeeded Ernst Pflüger as professor of ophthalmology and director of the eye clinic at the University of Bern. He maintained these positions at Bern up until 1935. He worked on the correction of keratoconus including the use of early contact lenses.

#14798

Martin F. Angell

1876 - 1930 (54 years)

Martin Fuller Angell was an American football and baseball coach and physics and mathematics professor. Angell was born in Delavan, Wisconsin, in 1878. He attended the University of Wisconsin where he received a bachelor's degree in 1902.

#14799

Ingemar Hedenius

Ingemar Hedenius

1908 - 1982 (74 years)

Per Arvid Ingemar Hedenius was a Swedish philosopher. He was Professor of Practical Philosophy at Uppsala University . He was a famous opponent of organised Christianity. The Swedish Humanist Association, known in Sweden as "Humanisterna", offers the Ingemar Hedenius Award each year to support humanist ideas and critical thinking.

#14800

Albert Kappis

1836 - 1914 (78 years)

Albert Kappis was a German painter and draughtsperson specializing in landscapes and genre motifss. Biography From 1850 to 1857, Kappis trained as a lithographer in his uncle's workshop. he also took drawing lessons and, from 1855 to 1860, attended classes at the Royal Art School in Stuttgart under Heinrich von Rustige and Bernhard von Neher. In 1860, he began his studies at the Academy of Fine Arts Munich under Karl von Piloty. While there, he made friends with fellow painters from Swabia, including Anton Braith, Ludwig Willroider, Friedrich Salzer and Jakob Grünenwald.

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