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List of the most influential people in Philosophy,

#15201

Johannes Bouwmeester

1634 - 1680 (46 years)

Johannes Bouwmeester was a Dutch physician, philosopher and a founding member of the literary society Nil volentibus arduum. He enrolled at Leiden University in 1651 and in 1658 graduated there in medicine. He was a close friend of Lodewijk Meyer, co-founder of Nil volentibus arduum, and acquainted with the philosophers Benedictus de Spinoza and Adriaen Koerbagh. His father, Claes Bouwmeester, was tailor by trade and several family members were builders of musical instruments. He was born in Amsterdam.

#15202

Isaac Orobio de Castro

Isaac Orobio de Castro

1617 - 1687 (70 years)

Balthazar Orobio de Castro , was a Portuguese Jewish philosopher, physician and religious apologist. Life While still a child, he was taken to Seville by his parents, who were Marranos. He studied philosophy at Alcalá de Henares and became teacher of metaphysics at the University of Salamanca. Later he devoted himself to the study of medicine, and became a popular practitioner in Seville, and physician in ordinary to the duke of Medina-Celi and to a family nearly related to the king.

#15203

Paul Nizan

1905 - 1940 (35 years)

Paul-Yves Nizan was a French philosopher and writer. He was born in Tours, Indre-et-Loire and studied in Paris where he befriended fellow student Jean-Paul Sartre at the Lycée Henri IV. He became a member of the French Communist Party, and much of his writing reflects his political beliefs, although he resigned from the party soon after the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact in 1939. He died in the Battle of Dunkirk, fighting against the German army in World War II.

#15204

Julius Schaller

1810 - 1868 (58 years)

Julius Schaller was a German philosopher born in Magdeburg. He studied theology and philosophy at the University of Halle, where in 1834 he received his habilitation. In 1838 he became an associate professor at Halle, where in 1861 he was appointed a full professor.

#15205

Aedesius

280 - 355 (75 years)

Aedesius was a Neoplatonist philosopher and mystic. He was born into a wealthy Cappadocian family, but he moved to Syria, where he was apprenticed to Iamblichos. None of his writings have survived, but there is an extant biography by Eunapius, a Greek sophist and historian of the 4th century who wrote a collection of biographies titled Lives of the Sophists. Aedesius's philosophical doctrine was a mixture between Platonism and eclecticism and, according to Eunapius, he differed from Iamblichus on certain points connected with theurgy and magic.

#15206

Yin Haiguang

1919 - 1969 (50 years)

Yin Haiguang was a Chinese author, educator and philosopher from Taiwan. Biography Yin was born to missionary parents in Huanggang, Hubei in December 1919 and was raised in Wuchang. His uncle, Yin Ziheng , was a revolutionist who took part in Xinhai Revolution.

#15207

Adolph Stöhr

1855 - 1921 (66 years)

Adolph Stöhr was professor of philosophy at the University of Vienna. His lectures and publications covered subjects such as logic, metaphysics, philosophy of language, experimental psychology, psychology of perception, and psychology of association.

#15208

Rudolf Wagner

1805 - 1864 (59 years)

Rudolf Friedrich Johann Heinrich Wagner was a German anatomist and physiologist and the co-discoverer of the germinal vesicle. He made important investigations on ganglia, nerve-endings, and the sympathetic nervess.

#15209

Samuel Bailey

1791 - 1870 (79 years)

Samuel Bailey was a British philosopher, economist and writer. He was called the "Bentham of Hallamshire". Life Bailey was born at Sheffield on 5 July 1791, the son of Joseph Bailey and Mary Eadon. His father was among the first of those Sheffield merchants who went to the United States to establish trade connections. After a few years in his father's business, he retired from all business concerns with an ample fortune, although he remained connected with the Sheffield Banking Company, of which he was a founder in 1831 and served as chairman for many years. Although an ardent liberal, he took little part in political affairs.

#15210

Grigory Vyrubov

1843 - 1913 (70 years)

Grigory Nikolayevich Vyrubov, or Grégoire Wyrouboff was a Russian Empire Positivist philosopher and historian of science. History Born in Moscow, Vyrubov was brought up in Italy and France before studying medicine and natural philosophy at the University of Moscow. Heavily influenced by Edmond Nikolayevich Pommier, Vyrubov founded the Positivist journal Philosophie positive with Emile Littré in 1867: he edited the journal until 1881. He befriended Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen, and edited anonymously the first edition of Herzen's works .

#15211

René Leriche

1879 - 1955 (76 years)

Henri Marie René Leriche was a French vascular surgeon and physiologist. He was a specialist in pain, vascular surgery and the sympathetic trunk. He sensitized many who were mutilated in the first World war, he was the first to be interested in pain and to practice gentle surgery with as little trauma as possible.

#15212

John N. Deck

1921 - 1979 (58 years)

John Norbert Deck was a Canadian philosopher. Adhering to neither sartorial nor intellectual fashions, Deck inspired generations of students with his highly idiosyncratic form of idealism, deriving from Plotinus but equally rooted in Thomas Aquinas and Hegel.

#15213

Robert Campin

1375 - 1444 (69 years)

Robert Campin , now usually identified with the Master of Flémalle , was a master painter who, along with Jan van Eyck, initiated the development of Early Netherlandish painting, a key development in the early Northern Renaissance.

#15214

Herbert Schneider

Herbert Schneider

1892 - 1984 (92 years)

Herbert Wallace Schneider was a German American professor of philosophy and a religious studies scholar long associated with Columbia University. Born in Berea, Ohio, Schneider completed his undergraduate and graduate education at Columbia, going on to teach at that school for many years. An early student of John Dewey, he studied pragmatism, ontology, social philosophy, and fascism, and is best remembered for his works The Puritan Mind and A History of American Philosophy . The Herbert Schneider Award, an annual presentation of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy, is name...

#15215

James Syme

1799 - 1870 (71 years)

James Syme was a Scottish pioneering surgeon. Early life James Syme was born on 7 November 1799 at 56 Princes Street in Edinburgh. His father was John Syme WS of Cartmore and Lochore, estates in Fife and Kinross. His father lost most of his fortune in attempting to develop the mineral resources of his property. His father had a legal practice at 23 North Hanover Street, not far from Princes Street in Edinburgh.

#15216

Lucretia Mott

1793 - 1880 (87 years)

Lucretia Mott was an American Quaker, abolitionist, women's rights activist, and social reformer. She had formed the idea of reforming the position of women in society when she was amongst the women excluded from the World Anti-Slavery Convention held in London in 1840. In 1848, she was invited by Jane Hunt to a meeting that led to the first public gathering about women's rights, the Seneca Falls Convention, during which the Declaration of Sentiments was written.

#15217

Elena Cornaro Piscopia

Elena Cornaro Piscopia

1646 - 1684 (38 years)

Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia or Elena Lucrezia Corner , also known in English as Helen Cornaro, was a Venetian philosopher of noble descent who in 1678 became one of the first women to receive an academic degree from a university, and the first to receive a Doctor of Philosophy degree.

#15218

Edmund Pfleiderer

1842 - 1902 (60 years)

Edmund Pfleiderer was a German philosopher and theologian. He entered the ministry and during the Franco-Prussian War served as army chaplain, an experience described in his eines feldgeistlichen im kriege 1870/71 . He was afterwards appointed professor ordinarius of philosophy at Kiel , and in 1878 he was elected to the philosophical chair at Tübingen. He published works on Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, empiricism and scepticism in David Hume's philosophy, modern pessimism, Kantian criticism, English philosophy, Heraclitus of Ephesus and many other subjects.

#15219

Norman Bethune

1890 - 1939 (49 years)

Henry Norman Bethune was a Canadian thoracic surgeon, early advocate of socialized medicine, and member of the Communist Party of Canada. Bethune came to international prominence first for his service as a frontline trauma surgeon supporting the Republican government during the Spanish Civil War, and later supporting the Chinese Communist Party's Eighth Route Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Bethune helped bring modern medicine to rural China, treating both sick villagers and wounded soldiers.

#15220

Magnus Hundt

1449 - 1519 (70 years)

Magnus Hundt or Magnus Canis , also known as Parthenopolitanus, was a German philosopher, physician and theologian. Hundt coined the term anthropology, and he and Otto Casmann have been mentioned as founders of anthropology since they used the term in the 16th century.

#15221

Juan Azor

1535 - 1603 (68 years)

Juan Azor was a Spanish philosopher and Jesuit priest. Life Azor was born at Lorca in the province of Murcia, southern Spain. He entered the Society of Jesus on 18 March 1559, and went on to become professor of philosophy and later of theology, both dogmatic and moral, at Piacenza, Alcalá, and Rome. He was a member of the first committee appointed by Father General Acquaviva to draw up the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum.

#15222

Karl. T. Weber

#15223

Al-Shahrazuri

Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Mahmud Shahrazuri was a 13th-century Muslim physician, historian and philosopher. He was of Kurdish origin. It appears that he was alive in AD 1288. However, it is also said that he died in the same year.

#15224

Valentino Annibale Pastore

1868 - 1956 (88 years)

Valentino Annibale Pastore was an Italian philosopher and logician. Pastore was born in Orbassano. He studied literature at the University of Turin under Arturo Graf. His thesis La vita delle forme letterarie was published in 1892 in Turin. Pastore then turned to philosophy, influenced by the works of Pasquale d'Ercole, Friedrich Kiesow, Antonio Garbasso, and Giuseppe Peano, publishing his own thesis Sopra le teorie della scienza: logica, matematica, fisica in 1903.

#15225

Boethus of Sidon

75 BC - 10 BC (65 years)

Boethus of Sidon was a Peripatetic philosopher from Sidon, who lived towards the end of the 1st century BC. None of his work has been preserved and the complete collection of quotings and paraphrases appeared first in 2020.

#15226

Janus Cornarius

Janus Cornarius

1500 - 1558 (58 years)

Janus Cornarius was a Saxon humanist and friend of Erasmus. A gifted philologist, Cornarius specialized in editing and translating Greek and Latin medical writers with "prodigious industry," taking a particular interest in botanical pharmacology and the effects of environment on illness and the body. Early in his career, Cornarius also worked with Greek poetry, and later in his life Greek philosophy; he was, in the words of Friedrich August Wolf, "a great lover of the Greeks." Patristic texts of the 4th century were another of his interests. Some of his own writing is extant, including a book...

#15227

Maxime Hans Kuczyński

Maxime Hans Kuczyński

1890 - 1967 (77 years)

Max "Maxime" Hans Kuczyński was a German physician of Jewish origin. He was the father of the former President of Peru, Pedro Pablo Kuczynski. Biography Maxime Kuczyński was born in Berlin, as the son of Emma and Louis Kuczyński, both of Jewish Polish origin. He studied medicine and natural science at the University of Rostock. In 1913 he received his degree in philosophy, and in 1919 a degree in medicine.

#15228

William Mackintire Salter

1853 - 1931 (78 years)

William Mackintire Salter was the author of several books on philosophy and a critical and enduring major classic on Nietzsche. He was also a special lecturer for the Department of Philosophy in the University of Chicago and a pioneer in the Ethical movement.

#15229

Dawes Hicks

1862 - 1941 (79 years)

George Dawes Hicks FBA was a British philosopher who was the first professor of moral philosophy at University College, London from 1904 until 1928 and professor emeritus thereafter until his death.

#15230

Lawrence Alma-Tadema

Lawrence Alma-Tadema

1836 - 1912 (76 years)

Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, , RWS was a Dutch painter who later settled in the United Kingdom, becoming the last officially recognised denizen in 1873. Born in Dronryp, the Netherlands, and trained at the Royal Academy of Antwerp, Belgium, he settled in London, England in 1870 and spent the rest of his life there.

#15231

Edmundo Cetina Velázquez

1896 - 1959 (63 years)

Edmundo Cetina Velázquez was a Mexican philosopher and writer from Tenosique, Tabasco. He was born in 1896 and died in 1959. He was the son of Joaquin Cetina Moreno and Maria de Jesus Velázquez. He studied at the Instituto Juárez and later became a self-taught physician and a passionate student of philosophy and exact sciences. He wrote several essays on topics such as metaphysics, ethics, logic, mathematics, physics, and biology. Some of his writings are: Algunos balbuceos sobre una filosofía de la vida , Algunos aspectos de la Relatividad , La vida y la muerte , El problema del conocimiento , and El problema del ser .

#15232

Crates of Mallus

Crates of Mallus

200 BC - 145 BC (55 years)

Crates of Mallus was a Greek grammarian and Stoic philosopher, leader of the literary school and head of the library of Pergamum. He was described as the Crates from Mallus to distinguish him from other philosophers by the same name. His chief work was a critical and exegetical commentary on Homer. He is also famous for constructing the earliest known globe of the Earth.

#15233

Uku Masing

1909 - 1985 (76 years)

Uku Masing was an Estonian philosopher. He was a significant figure in Estonian religious philosophy. Masing also wrote poetry, mostly on religious issues. Masing authored one novel, Rapanui vabastamine ehk Kajakad jumalate kalmistul in the late 1930s, which was published posthumously in 1989. As a folklorist, he was a distinguished researcher of fairy tales, contributing to the international Encyclopedia of the Folktale. He was awarded the Righteous Among The Nations by Yad Vashem and the Israeli Supreme Court for his participation during the Holocaust in helping a Jew in Estonia escape capture from 1941 until the end of the war.

#15234

Boris Chicherin

Boris Chicherin

1828 - 1904 (76 years)

Boris Nikolayevich Chicherin was a Russian jurist and political philosopher, who worked out a theory that Russia needed a strong, authoritative government to persevere with liberal reforms. By the time of the Russian Revolution, Chicherin was probably the most reputable legal philosopher and historian in Russia.

#15235

Francis Asbury

1745 - 1816 (71 years)

Francis Asbury was a British-born Methodist minister who became one of the first two bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States. During his 45 years in the colonies and the newly independent United States, he devoted his life to ministry, traveling on horseback and by carriage thousands of miles to those living on the frontier.

#15236

Claire Bombardier

#15237

William of Champeaux

1070 - 1121 (51 years)

Guillaume de Champeaux , known in English as William of Champeaux and Latinised to Gulielmus de Campellis, was a French philosopher and theologian. Biography William was born at Champeaux near Melun. After studying under Anselm of Laon and Roscellinus, he taught in the school of the cathedral of Notre-Dame, of which he was made canon in 1103. Among his pupils was Peter Abelard, whom he had a disagreement with because Abelard challenged some of his ideas, and because William thought Abelard was too arrogant. Abelard calls him the "supreme master" of dialectic after he replaced his master as the new teacher.

#15238

Ecphantus the Pythagorean

Ecphantus or Ecphantos or Ephantus was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher. He is identified as a Pythagorean of the 4th century BCE from Syracuse, Magna Graecia, but the details concerning his life are historically obscure; he may have not been a historical person, but rather a fictional character invented by Heraclides of Pontus for use in his philosophical dialogues. He also may have been the same figure as the attested Ecphantus of Croton.

#15239

Miyake Setsurei

Miyake Setsurei

1860 - 1945 (85 years)

Miyake Setsurei was a Japanese philosopher and author. He helped found the Society for Political Education and its magazine Nihonjin . Biography He graduated from the University of Tokyo's Department of Philosophy in 1883.

#15240

Maurice Utrillo

Maurice Utrillo

1883 - 1955 (72 years)

Maurice Utrillo , born Maurice Valadon; 26 December 1883 – 5 November 1955 Biography Utrillo was the son of the artist Suzanne Valadon , who was then an eighteen-year-old artist's model. She never revealed the father of her child; speculation exists that he was the offspring of a liaison with an equally young amateur painter named Boissy, or with the well-established painter Pierre-Cécile Puvis de Chavannes, or even with Renoir. . In 1891 a Spanish artist, Miquel Utrillo, signed a legal document acknowledging paternity, although the question remains as to whether he was in fact the child's fa...

#15241

Eubulides

500 BC - 400 BC (100 years)

Eubulides of Miletus was a philosopher of the Megarian school who is famous for his paradoxes. Life According to Diogenes Laërtius, Eubulides was a pupil of Euclid of Megara, the founder of the Megarian school. He was a contemporary of Aristotle, against whom he wrote with great bitterness. He taught logic to Demosthenes, and he is also said to have taught Apollonius Cronus, the teacher of Diodorus Cronus, and the historian Euphantus.

#15242

Joseph Lister

1827 - 1912 (85 years)

Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister, was a British surgeon, medical scientist, experimental pathologist and a pioneer of antiseptic surgery and preventative medicine. Joseph Lister revolutionised the craft of surgery in the same manner that John Hunter revolutionised the science of surgery.

#15243

Brajendra Nath Seal

Brajendra Nath Seal

1864 - 1938 (74 years)

Sir Brajendra Nath Seal was a Bengali Indian humanist philosopher. He served as the second vice chancellor of Mysore University. He began his career as a lecturer at the Scottish Church College. His research works were published in some of leading journals during the British Raj, such as the Calcutta Review, Modern Review, New India, Dawn, Bulletin of Mathematical Society, Indian Culture, Hindustan Standard, British Medical Journal, Prabasi, Sabuj Patra, and Visva-Bharati.

#15244

G. R. G. Mure

1893 - 1979 (86 years)

Geoffrey Reginald Gilchrist Mure was a British idealist philosopher and Oxford academic, who specialised in the works of the German philosopher, Hegel. Biography Mure was born on 8 April 1893, the son of Reginald James Mure and Anna Charlotte Neave. He was educated at Eton College and Merton College, Oxford, where he studied philosophy under the tutelage of Harold Joachim. He took a First in Classical Moderations in 1913. With the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 he enlisted in the Warwicks Royal Horse Artillery. He served in France and Belgium, 1915–18, and was awarded the Military Cr...

#15245

František Klácel

František Klácel

1808 - 1882 (74 years)

František Matouš Klácel was a Czech author, philosopher, pedagogue, and journalist. Since 1827 he was an Augustinian friar in Brno, co-brother of Gregor Mendel. A Varied Man During his rich and varied life Klácel used several pseudonyms He also called himself Matouš František K.- Matouš had been his monastic name. He was born into a poor family, and his father was a cobbler. After basic school in Třebová and junior school he went to grammar school in Litomyšl and after graduating spent the next two years studying philosophy. In 1827 he went to the Augustinian monastery in Brno where he became a member of the order and spent the years 1829–32 studying at the Brno theological institute.

#15246

Abraham Tucker

1705 - 1774 (69 years)

Abraham Tucker was an English country gentleman, who devoted himself to the study of philosophy. He wrote The Light of Nature Pursued under the name of Edward Search. Biography Tucker was born in London of a Somerset family, the son of a wealthy city merchant. His parents died during his infancy, and he was brought up by his uncle, Sir Isaac Tillard. In 1721, he entered Merton College, Oxford, as a gentleman commoner, and studied philosophy, mathematics, French, Italian and music. He afterwards studied laws at the Inner Temple, but was never called to the bar.

#15247

Olive Schreiner

Olive Schreiner

1855 - 1920 (65 years)

Olive Schreiner was a South African author, anti-war campaigner and intellectual. She is best remembered today for her novel The Story of an African Farm , which has been highly acclaimed. It deals boldly with such contemporary issues as agnosticism, existential independence, individualism, the professional aspirations of women, and the elemental nature of life on the colonial frontier.

#15248

Ioan Zalomit

1823 - 1885 (62 years)

Ioan Zalomit was a Romanian philosopher, professor and rector of the University of Bucharest. Biography Ioan Zalomit was born in Bucharest, in a family of merchants. His parents were probably of Greek origin, but they were born in Wallachia.

#15249

Adam of Bockenfield

1220 - Present (806 years)

Adam of Bockenfield was an English Franciscan philosopher, who taught at the University of Oxford in the early 1240s. He was an early commentator on a number of Aristotle's works, in particular those dealing with natural philosophy.

#15250

Benjamin Paul Blood

1832 - 1919 (87 years)

Benjamin Paul Blood was an American philosopher, mystic and poet. His idiosyncratic work explored his development of his pluralist philosophy, culminating in the posthumously published book Pluriverse.

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