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List of the most influential people in Philosophy,

#15201

Judith K. Ockene

#15202

Robert Paul Myers

#15203

Eduard Caspar Jacob von Siebold

Eduard Caspar Jacob von Siebold

1801 - 1861 (60 years)

Eduard Caspar Jacob von Siebold was a German professor of gynecology. He worked at Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Marburg and University of Göttingen. Life and career Von Siebold was born 19 March 1801, the son of gynecologist Adam Elias von Siebold, in Würzburg, in the Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg . He became a medical doctor in 1826, docent in obstetrics in 1827 in Berlin, and professor in this field in 1829 in Marburg. From 1833 until his death in 1861, he was director of the clinic for gynecology and obstetrics at University of Göttingen, succeeding Caspar Julius Mende. Von ...

#15204

Baker Brownell

1887 - 1965 (78 years)

Baker Brownell was an American philosopher. Brownell was born in St. Charles, Illinois, the fifth of six children of Eugene A. and Esther Burr Baker Brownell. He grew up in St. Charles, where he graduated from St. Charles High School.

#15205

Martin Foss

1889 - 1968 (79 years)

Martin Foss was a German-born American philosopher, professor, and scholar. Life and career Martin Foss was born in Berlin, Germany, in 1889 and studied philosophy and law at German and French universities. He married Hilde Schindler, and they had two children, Oliver Foss, a painter, and the composer Lukas Foss. The Jewish family left Germany in 1933 when Adolf Hitler came into power, and for the next four years Martin Fuchs commuted secretly between Paris and Berlin. With the help of the Quaker community in the United States, the family was able to immigrate to the U.S. in 1937. The Quakers...

#15206

Gustav Emil Mueller

1898 - 1987 (89 years)

Gustav Emil Mueller was a Swiss philosopher and Hegelian scholar. Mueller was born in Bern, Switzerland, and received a doctorate in philosophy in 1923 from the University of Bern. He studied also at the University of Heidelberg. After teaching in European universities and joining the faculty of the University of Oregon in 1925, he became a professor of philosophy at the University of Oklahoma in 1930 where he remained on the faculty until his retirement in 1968. He then returned to Bern, where he continued to work and write until the end of his life. Here is a quote:

#15207

Franz Xaver Zippe

Franz Xaver Zippe

1791 - 1863 (72 years)

Franz Xaver Maximilian Zippe , was a Bohemian natural philosopher, scientist and mineralogist. Biography After attending secondary school in Dresden, Zippe studied philosophy at the Prague University from 1807 to 1809. While still a student, he attended lectures of the chemist Karl August Neumann and Josef Johann Steinmann , a professor of general chemistry at the Polytechnic Academy in Prague. Zippe developed a close relationship with Dr. Steinmann. Starting in 1819 Zippe taught mineralogy, first as an adjunct, and beginning in 1822 as an assistant professor at the Polytechnic. In 1835 he b...

#15208

Pope Urban II

1035 - 1099 (64 years)

Pope Urban II , otherwise known as Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death. He is best known for convening the Council of Clermont which ignited the series of Christian conquests known as the Crusades.

#15209

O. P. Kretzmann

1901 - 1975 (74 years)

Otto Paul Kretzmann was a Lutheran pastor, professor, author, and long-tenured president of Valparaiso University. Early life and education Otto Paul Kretzmann was born in Stamford, Connecticut in 1901 and grew up in New York City in a Lutheran family. His father, grandfather, and five brothers were all Lutheran pastors. He was called 'John' by family and close friends, but later went by and published under his initials, 'O. P.'. Kretzmann graduated from Concordia Collegiate Institute in Bronxville, New York in 1920. He attended Concordia Seminary in St. Louis, Missouri and graduated in 1924 with a master's degree in sacred theology.

#15210

Michael Georg Conrad

1846 - 1927 (81 years)

Michael Georg Conrad was a German writer and philosopher. He was the founder and editor of Die Gesellschaft. External links

#15211

Tite Margwelaschwili

1891 - 1946 (55 years)

Tite Margwelaschwili was a Georgian philosopher and writer. He studied at the University of Leipzig and did a doctor's degree in history at the University Halle-Wittenberg in 1914. His career in Georgia was interrupted by the Soviet invasion of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1921.

#15212

James Roosevelt Bayley

James Roosevelt Bayley

1814 - 1877 (63 years)

James Roosevelt Bayley was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as the first Bishop of Newark and the eighth Archbishop of Baltimore . Early life and education Bayley's paternal grandfather, Dr. Richard Bayley, was a professor at Columbia College who created New York's quarantine system. Dr. Bayley had three children by his first wife, among whom was Elizabeth Ann Seton, who was canonized in 1975 as the first American-born Roman Catholic saint. After his first wife's death, Dr. Bayley married Charlotte Amelia Barclay, a member of the Roosevelt family, and the couple had seven children, the sixth of whom was Archbishop Bayley's father, Guy Carleton Bayley, born in 1786.

#15213

Sidney Edward Mezes

Sidney Edward Mezes

1863 - 1931 (68 years)

Sidney Edward Mezes was an American philosopher. Biography He was born in what is now the town of Belmont, California, on September 23, 1863, to a Spanish-born father and Italian-born mother. He graduated in 1884 from the University of California, Berkeley in engineering and was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity. After returning to university, he graduated in 1890 from Harvard University, in philosophy, being awarded a doctorate there in 1893. From 1893 to 1894 he taught philosophy at the University of Chicago. From 1894 he was for, 20 years, in positions at the University of Texas, becoming a professor there in 1906.

#15214

Paul Gerson Unna

Paul Gerson Unna

1850 - 1929 (79 years)

Paul Gerson Unna, was a German physician specialized in dermatology and one of the pioneers in dermatopathology. Biography Paul Unna was born to German Jewish parents Moritz Adolph Unna, a physician from Hamburg. Unna was educated at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums and Ida Gerson, who descended from a long line of physicians. He began to study medicine at the University of Heidelberg, but had to interrupt it in order to fight in the Franco-Prussian war, where he was severely wounded. In 1871, he resumed his studies in Heidelberg and later went to the University of Leipzig, finally attaining a doctorate under Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer in Strasbourg.

#15215

Francis Bonnici

1853 - 1905 (52 years)

Francis Bonnici was a Maltese educationist, philanthropist and a minor philosopher. In philosophy he mostly specialised in pedagogy. Life Bonnici was born in Cospicua, Malta, on July 14, 1853. However, when still very young, his family moved to Mqabba. He graduated as Doctor of Theology from the University of Malta in 1872 and was ordained priest in 1876. He taught languages for many years at the bishop’s major seminary at Mdina, and was Rector at the bishop’s minor seminary at Floriana. He was nominated a canon of the bishop’s cathedral chapter in 1882.

#15216

Pietro d'Abano

1250 - 1315 (65 years)

Pietro d'Abano, also known as Petrus de Apono, Petrus Aponensis or Peter of Abano , was an Italian philosopher, astrologer, and professor of medicine in Padua. He was born in the Italian town from which he takes his name, now Abano Terme. He gained fame by writing Conciliator Differentiarum, quae inter Philosophos et Medicos Versantur. He was eventually accused of heresy and atheism, and came before the Inquisition. He died in prison in 1315 before the end of his trial.

#15217

John Gay

1699 - 1745 (46 years)

John Gay , a cousin of the poet John Gay, was an English philosopher, biblical scholar and Church of England clergyman. The greatest happiness principle, Gay supposed, represented a middle ground between the egoism of Hobbes and Hutcheson's moral sense theory.

#15218

Mason Welch Gross

Mason Welch Gross

1911 - 1977 (66 years)

Mason Welch Gross was an American television quiz show personality, philosopher and academic. The namesake of Mason Gross School of the Arts, he served as the sixteenth President of Rutgers University from 1959 to 1971.

#15219

Liu Boming

1887 - 1923 (36 years)

Liu Boming was a Chinese educator and philosopher born in the late Qing Dynasty. Liu Boming is the first Chinese who received a doctor's degree in philosophy. He finished his work The Theory of Chinese Mind Nature in 1913, and The Philosophy of Taoism in 1915 when he was a Doctoral candidate at Northwestern University in the United States. He introduced western philosophy to China when he was a professor of Nanjing University. Under his influence, the scholars of Xueheng School translated a number of books of classic Greek philosophy into Chinese.

#15220

Leonard Leibovici

#15221

Minnie Earl Sears

Minnie Earl Sears

1873 - 1933 (60 years)

Minnie Earl Sears formulated the Sears List of Subject Headings, a simplification of the Library of Congress Subject Headings. In 1999, American Libraries named her one of the "100 Most Important Leaders We Had in the 20th Century."

#15222

Erik Yudin

1930 - 1976 (46 years)

Erik Grigorevich Yudin was a Russian philosopher and cybernetician. In 1956, Yudin, publicly denounced the Russian invasion of Hungary. His employment was termination, he was expelled from the Communist Party, and then arrested by the KGB and imprisoned. In March 1960, he was released from prison after numerous petitions from his parents. He then started to attended seminars of the Moscow Methodological Group run by Georgy Shchedrovitsky.

#15223

Critolaus

200 BC - 120 BC (80 years)

Critolaus of Phaselis was a Greek philosopher of the Peripatetic school. He was one of three philosophers sent to Rome in 155 BC , where their doctrines fascinated the citizens, but frightened the more conservative statesmen. None of his writings survive. He was interested in rhetoric and ethics, and considered pleasure to be an evil. He maintained the Aristotelian doctrine of the eternity of the world, and of the human race in general, directing his arguments against the Stoics.

#15224

Dominic Borg

1501 - 1601 (100 years)

Dominic Borg was a minor Maltese philosopher who specialised in logic and rhetoric. Life He probably lectured at the Collegium Melitense in Valletta. The extant works of Borg reveal practically nothing in terms of biographical data. What they do attest to is his philosophical prowess and his clarity of thought.

#15225

Robert B. Bourne

#15226

Shishunala Sharif

Shishunala Sharif

1819 - 1889 (70 years)

Santha Shishunala Sharifa was an Indian social reformer, philosopher and poet. Birth and early life Santa Shishunala Sharifa was born on 7 March 1819 in Shishuvinahala, a village in Shigganvi taluk , Karnataka. He was the son of Imam Saheb, who was a disciple of Hajaresha Qadri, whose dream was to unite Hinduism and Islam. Hajaresha Qadri used to give "Linga Deeksha", or initiation by tying a linga around the neck of a disciple, as per the Lingayat tradition. His father used to teach him Ramayana, Mahabharata, and even the teachings of Allama Prabhu. Legend has it that Shishunala Sharifa was ...

#15227

Heinrich Anton de Bary

Heinrich Anton de Bary

1831 - 1888 (57 years)

Heinrich Anton de Bary was a German surgeon, botanist, microbiologist, and mycologist . He is considered a founding father of plant pathology as well as the founder of modern mycology. His extensive and careful studies of the life history of fungi and contribution to the understanding of algae and higher plants established landmarks in biology.

#15228

Dietrich Georg von Kieser

Dietrich Georg von Kieser

1779 - 1862 (83 years)

Dietrich Georg von Kieser was a German physician born in Harburg. He studied medicine at the Universities of Würzburg and Göttingen, receiving his doctorate from the latter institution in 1804. For most of his career he was a professor at the University of Jena, where from 1824 to 1862 he served as a "full professor".

#15229

He Yan

195 - 249 (54 years)

He Yan , courtesy name Pingshu, was a Chinese philosopher and politician of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was a grandson of He Jin, a general and regent of the Eastern Han dynasty. His father, He Xian, died early, so his mother, Lady Yin, remarried the warlord Cao Cao. He Yan thus grew up as Cao Cao's stepson. He gained a reputation for intelligence and scholarship at an early age, but he was unpopular and criticised for being arrogant and dissolute. He was rejected for government positions by both emperors Cao Pi and Cao Rui, but became a minister during the rule of Cao Shuang.

#15230

Judah Leon Abravanel

Judah Leon Abravanel

1460 - 1530 (70 years)

Judah Leon Abravanel or Abrabanel , otherwise known by the pen name of Leo the Hebrew , was a Portuguese–Jewish philosopher, physician, and poet. His work Dialogues of Love was one of the most important philosophical works of his time.

#15231

Lady Mary Shepherd

1777 - 1847 (70 years)

Lady Mary Shepherd, née Primrose was a Scottish philosopher who published two philosophical books, one in 1824 and one in 1827. According to Robert Blakey, in her entry in his History of the Philosophy of the Mind, she exercised considerable influence over the Edinburgh philosophy of her day.

#15232

Adolf Bernhard Marx

1795 - 1866 (71 years)

Friedrich Heinrich Adolf Bernhard Marx [A. B. Marx] was a German music theorist, critic, and musicologist. Life Marx was the son of a Jewish doctor in Halle who, though a member of the congregation, was according to his son a convinced atheist. Marx was given the names Samuel Moses at birth, but changed these at his baptism in 1819.

#15233

Yohanan Alemanno

1435 - 1504 (69 years)

Yohanan Alemanno was an Italian Jewish rabbi, noted Kabbalist, humanist philosopher, and exegete, and teacher of the Hebrew language to Italian humanists including Pico della Mirandola. He taught that the Kabbalah was divine magic.

#15234

Jorge Guillermo Borges

1874 - 1938 (64 years)

Jorge Guillermo Borges Haslam was an Argentine lawyer, teacher, writer, philosopher and translator. He was also an anarchist and a follower of Herbert Spencer's philosophy of philosophical anarchism. He was Jorge Luis Borges's father.

#15235

Jules Joseph Lefebvre

Jules Joseph Lefebvre

1834 - 1912 (78 years)

Jules Joseph Lefebvre was a French painter, educator and theorist. Early life Lefebvre was born in Tournan-en-Brie, Seine-et-Marne, on 14 March 1836. He entered the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in 1852 and was a pupil of Léon Cogniet.

#15236

Maximus of Ephesus

310 - 372 (62 years)

Maximus of Ephesus was a Neoplatonist philosopher. He is said to have come from a rich family, and exercised great influence over the emperor Julian, who was commended to him by Aedesius. Maximus pandered to the emperor's love of magic and theurgy and won a high position at court, where his overbearing manner made him numerous enemies. He spent an interval in prison after the death of Julian, and eventually was executed by Valens.

#15237

Song Si-yeol

1607 - 1689 (82 years)

Song Si-yeol , also known by his art names Uam and Ujae or by the honorific Master Song , was a Korean philosopher and politician. Born in Okcheon, North Chungcheong, he was known for his concern with the problems of the common people. He served in governmental service for more than fifty years, and his name features over 3,000 times in the Annals of Joseon Dynasty, the greatest frequency that any individual is mentioned. He was executed by the royal court for writing an inflammatory letter to the king. There is a monument to him in his hometown. He is also known as the calligrapher who ins...

#15238

John Duncan

1839 - 1899 (60 years)

John Duncan, LLD FRCSEd FRSE was a Scottish surgeon best known for his surgical teaching at the University of Edinburgh and the Edinburgh Extramural School of Medicine. He was a pioneer of the use of electricity in surgery both for surgical cautery and for tumour necrosis. On the death of his father James Duncan in 1866 he became a director of the major drug manufacturer Duncan Flockhart & Co, which had been founded by his grandfather, also John Duncan . He served as President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh 1889 to 1891.

#15239

Winthrop Pickard Bell

1884 - 1965 (81 years)

Winthrop Pickard Bell was a Canadian academic who taught philosophy at the University of Toronto and Harvard. He is however perhaps best known for his work as a historian of Nova Scotia. Biography He was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia and educated at Mount Allison University, McGill University, Harvard University , the University of Leipzig, and finally at the University of Göttingen .

#15240

Gaozi

401 BC - Present (2427 years)

Gaozi , or Gao Buhai , was a Chinese philosopher during the Warring States period. Gaozi's teachings are no longer extant, but he was a contemporary of Mencius , and most of our knowledge about him comes from the Mencius book titled "Gaozi".

#15241

Ban Zhao

45 - 116 (71 years)

Ban Zhao , courtesy name Huiban , was a Chinese historian, philosopher, and politician. She was the first known female Chinese historian and, along with Pamphile of Epidaurus, one of the first known female historians. She completed her brother Ban Gu's work on the history of the Western Han, the Book of Han. She also wrote Lessons for Women, an influential work on women's conduct. She also had great interest in astronomy and mathematics and wrote poems, commemorative writings, argumentations, commentaries, essays and several longer works, not all of which survive. She became China's most famous female scholar and an instructor of Taoist sexual practices for the imperial family.

#15242

Upendranath Brahmachari

Upendranath Brahmachari

1873 - 1946 (73 years)

Rai Bahadur Sir Upendranath Brahmachari was a leading Indian physician and scientist of his time. He synthesised urea-stibamine in 1922 and determined that it was an effective treatment for kala-azar .

#15243

Karl Oskar Medin

Karl Oskar Medin

1847 - 1927 (80 years)

Karl Oskar Medin was a Swedish pediatrician. He was born at Axberg, Örebro and died in Stockholm. He is most famous for his study of poliomyelitis, a condition sometimes known as the Heine-Medin disease, named after Medin and another physician, Jakob Heine. Medin was the first to describe the epidemic character of infantile paralysis.

#15244

Heliodorus of Alexandria

450 - Present (1576 years)

Heliodorus of Alexandria was a Neoplatonist philosopher who lived in the 5th century AD. He was the son of Hermias and Aedesia, and the younger brother of Ammonius. His father, Hermias, died when he was young, and his mother, Aedesia, raised him and his brother in their home city of Alexandria until they were old enough to go to philosophy school. Aedesia took them to Athens where they studied under Proclus. Eventually they returned to Alexandria, where they both taught philosophy. Damascius, who was taught by Heliodorus, describes him as less gifted than his elder brother, and more superfici...

#15245

Johannes de Raey

Johannes de Raey

1618 - 1702 (84 years)

Johannes de Raey was a Dutch philosopher and an early Cartesian. Early life and education De Raey was born in 1622 in the Dutch town of Wageningen as son to Jan Jansz van Ray and Hendersken van Lennep. In 1645 he married his cousin Cunera van Lennep. He died in Amsterdam on 30 November 1702. De Raey studied in Utrecht with Henricus Regius and from 1643 at the university of Leiden. He read philosophy with Prof. Adriaan Heereboord and on 16 July 1647 obtained his doctorate in medicine with Adolphus Vorstius. The previous day he had obtained the title of magister artium.

#15246

Karl Joel

1864 - 1934 (70 years)

Karl Joel was a German philosopher and professor. Joel was born in Hirschberg, Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia, and died in Walenstadt, Switzerland. His father was a rabbi who studied under Schelling. Joel was a professor at the University of Basel from 1902. His father R. Herman Joel, had been a pupil of Schelling and apparently had a great influence on his son's attitude toward philosophy. He was born in Hirschberg, studied in Leipzig, and spent some time in Berlin , where he became a friend of Georg Simmel. In 1897 he was appointed to the University of Basle, where he taught until his death.

#15247

Ziauddin Ahmad

1878 - 1947 (69 years)

Sir Ziauddin Ahmad was an Indian mathematician, parliamentarian, logician, natural philosopher, politician, political theorist, educationist and a scholar. He was a member of the Aligarh Movement and was a professor, principal of MAO College, first pro vice-chancellor, vice chancellor and rector of Aligarh Muslim University, India.

#15248

Rasmus Bartholin

Rasmus Bartholin

1625 - 1698 (73 years)

Rasmus Bartholin was a Danish physician and grammarian. Biography Bartholin was born in Roskilde. He was the son of Caspar Bartholin the Elder and Anna Fincke, daughter of the mathematician Thomas Fincke.

#15249

Edward Forbes

1815 - 1854 (39 years)

Edward Forbes FRS, FGS was a Manx naturalist. In 1846, he proposed that the distributions of montane plants and animals had been compressed downslope, and some oceanic islands connected to the mainland, during the recent ice age. This mechanism, which was the first natural explanation to explain the distributions of the same species on now-isolated islands and mountain tops, was discovered independently by Charles Darwin, who credited Forbes with the idea. He also incorrectly deduced the so-called azoic hypothesis, that life under the sea would decline to the point that no life forms could ex...

#15250

Abraham Cohen de Herrera

1570 - 1635 (65 years)

Abraham Cohen de Herrera , also known as Alonso Nunez de Herrera or Abraham Irira , was a religious philosopher and cabbalist . He is supposed by the historian Heinrich Graetz to have been born in 1570. He is widely supposed to have been descended from a Marrano family: place of birth is unknown but may have been Lisbon, Portugal. Other sources link him to Italy, specifically Tuscany, and as the son of the last Chief Rabbi of Córdoba in Spain.

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