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List of the most influential people in Philosophy,

#16651

Erich von Hornbostel

1877 - 1935 (58 years)

Erich Moritz von Hornbostel was an Austrian ethnomusicologist and scholar of music. He is remembered for his pioneering work in the field of ethnomusicology, and for the Sachs–Hornbostel system of musical instrument classification which he co-authored with Curt Sachs.

#16652

Ernst L. Wynder

#16653

Persaeus

306 BC - 243 BC (63 years)

Persaeus of Citium, son of Demetrius, was a Greek Stoic philosopher, and a friend and favourite student of Zeno of Citium. Life He lived in the same house as Zeno. Later writers wrote that Persaeus had been Zeno's slave, who had perhaps originally been an amanuensis sent to Zeno by King Antigonus II Gonatas; however, the source of this story seems to be due to a sarcastic remark made about Persaeus by Bion of Borysthenes who, upon seeing a statue of Persaeus inscribed: "Persaeus the pupil of Zeno", sneered that it ought to have been: "Persaeus the Servant of Zeno".

#16654

Austin Woodbury

1899 - 1979 (80 years)

Austin M. Woodbury was an Australian Catholic philosopher. Biography Austin Maloney Woodbury S.M. was born on 2 March 1899 at Lower Mangrove , New South Wales, Australia. He was the sixth child of Austin Herbert Woodbury and his wife Margaret, nee Maloney, who had eleven children. His family was devoutly Catholic. Four of his sisters joined religious orders. From an early age Woodbury showed great intellectual promise and a love of learning. He discerned a vocation to the religious life and entered the Society of Mary in 1918, completing his secondary studies at the juniorate in Sydney and Mittagong .

#16655

Jay DeFeo

1929 - 1989 (60 years)

Jay DeFeo was a visual artist who became celebrated in the 1950s as part of the spirited community of Beat artists, musicians, and poets in San Francisco. Best known for her monumental work The Rose, DeFeo produced courageously experimental works throughout her career, exhibiting what art critic Kenneth Baker called “fearlessness.”

#16656

Mikhail Iovchuk

1908 - 1990 (82 years)

Mikhail Trifonovich Iovchuk was a Soviet philosopher, Communist Party official and Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. Biography Born in to a peasant family, Iovchuk joined the Communist Party in 1926.

#16657

Erich Mühsam

1878 - 1934 (56 years)

Erich Mühsam was a German antimilitarist anarchist essayist, poet and playwright. He emerged at the end of World War I as one of the leading agitators for a federated Bavarian Soviet Republic, for which he served 5 years in prison.

#16658

Gabriel Bonnot de Mably

Gabriel Bonnot de Mably

1709 - 1785 (76 years)

Gabriel Bonnot de Mably , sometimes known as Abbé de Mably, was a French philosopher, historian, and writer, who for a short time served in the diplomatic corps. He was a popular 18th-century writer.

#16659

Pierius

201 - Present (1825 years)

Pierius was a Christian priest and probably head of the Catechetical School of Alexandria, conjointly with Achillas. He flourished while Theonas was bishop of Alexandria, and died at Rome after 309. The Roman Martyrology commemorates him on 4 November.

#16660

Olga Plümacher

1839 - 1895 (56 years)

Olga Marie Pauline Plümacher was a Russian-born Swiss-American philosopher and scholar. She engaged with the philosophies of the German philosophers Arthur Schopenhauer and Eduard von Hartmann, and published three books which contributed to the pessimism controversy in Germany. Her book on the history of philosophical pessimism, Der Pessimismus in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart was influential on Friedrich Nietzsche and Samuel Beckett.

#16661

Heinrich Christoph Kolbe

Heinrich Christoph Kolbe

1771 - 1836 (65 years)

Heinrich Christoph Kolbe was a German painter. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. Life Kolbe was born and died in Düsseldorf. After his education at the 'old' Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, and then went to Paris for ten years to study. He was part of the circle of Friedrich Schlegel and worked on the review "Europa". He later worked in the studio of François Gérard. In 1811 he returned to Düsseldorf, becoming the favorite portraitist of the Rhineland, painting 60 portraits in Barmen and Elberfeld alone. His subjects in Weimar included Goethe, Charles Augustus, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and two of Charles Augustus's mistress Karoline Jagemann.

#16662

Jean Reynaud

1806 - 1863 (57 years)

Jean Ernest Reynaud was a French mining engineer and socialist philosopher. He was a member of the Saint-Simonianian community. He was a co-founder of the Encyclopédie nouvelle. Life He was born in Lyon on 4 February 1806. He graduated from the Polytechnic School in Lyon in 1827 and joined the School of Mines. In May 1829 he began a four month study tour of Germany including the Harz Mountains, Black Forest, Saxony, Hanover, Oldenbourg and Westphalia. He then spent a further two months studying mines in Belgium and the Netherlands. He graduated from the mining school in 1830.

#16663

Edward Lhuyd

1660 - 1709 (49 years)

Edward Lhuyd was a Welsh naturalist, botanist, herbalist, alchemist, scientist, linguist, geographer and antiquary. He is also named in a Latinate form as Eduardus Luidius. Life Lhuyd was born in 1660, in Loppington, Shropshire, England, the illegitimate son of Edward Lloyd of Llanforda, Oswestry, and Bridget Pryse of Llansantffraid, near Talybont, Cardiganshire in 1660. His family belonged to the gentry of south-west Wales. Though well-established, the family was not wealthy. His father experimented with agriculture and industry in a manner that impinged on the new science of the day. The ...

#16664

Zhi Dun

314 - 366 (52 years)

Zhi Dun was a Chinese Buddhist monk and philosopher. A Chinese author, scholar and confidant of Chinese government officials in 350, he claimed that all who followed Buddhism would, at the end of their life, enter Nirvana.

#16665

Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens

Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens

1704 - 1771 (67 years)

Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens was a French rationalist, author and critic of the Catholic Church, who was a close friend of Voltaire and spent much of his life in exile at the court of Frederick the Great.

#16666

Livingston Farrand

Livingston Farrand

1867 - 1939 (72 years)

Livingston Farrand was an American physician, anthropologist, psychologist, public health advocate and academic administrator. Early life and education Born in Newark, New Jersey, to Dr. Samuel Ashbel Farrand, headmaster of the historic Newark Academy, and Rachel Louise Farrand, Farrand received an undergraduate degree from Princeton in 1888, and went on to the Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, where he earned his M.D. in 1891.

#16667

Thomas Chubb

1679 - 1747 (68 years)

Thomas Chubb was a lay English Deist writer born near Salisbury. He saw Christ as a divine teacher, but held reason to be sovereign over religion. He questioned the morality of religions, while defending Christianity on rational grounds. Despite little schooling, Chubb was well up on the religious controversies. His The True Gospel of Jesus Christ, Asserted sets out to distinguish the teaching of Jesus from that of the Evangelists. Chubb's views on free will and determinism, expressed in A Collection of Tracts on Various Subjects , were extensively criticised by Jonathan Edwards in Freedom of...

#16668

Jinul

1158 - 1210 (52 years)

Jinul Puril Bojo Daesa , often called Jinul or Chinul for short, was a Korean monk of the Goryeo period, who is considered to be the most influential figure in the formation of Korean Seon Buddhism. He is credited as the founder of the Jogye Order, by working to unify the disparate sects in Korean Buddhism into a cohesive organization.

#16669

Alessandro Achillini

Alessandro Achillini

1463 - 1512 (49 years)

Alessandro Achillini was an Italian philosopher and physician. He is known for the anatomic studies that he was able to publish, made possible by a 13th-century edict putatively by Emperor Frederick II allowing for dissection of human cadavers, and which previously had stimulated the anatomist Mondino de Luzzi at Bologna.

#16670

Evarts Ambrose Graham

Evarts Ambrose Graham

1883 - 1957 (74 years)

Evarts Ambrose Graham was an American academic, physician, and surgeon. Early years and military service Born in Chicago, Illinois to a surgeon, David Wilson Graham, and Ida Ansbach Barned Graham, Evarts attended college at Princeton University and received his M.D. degree from Rush Medical College in 1907. Graham then trained as a surgery resident at Presbyterian Hospital in Chicago, and subsequently as a graduate student in chemistry at the University of Chicago. There, he met his wife, Helen Tredway, Ph.D. , a biochemist and pharmacologist. Evarts served as a Major in the U.S. Army Medical Corps from 1917 to 1919, and was initially posted to Camp Lee .

#16671

Phintys

400 BC - 300 BC (100 years)

Phintys was a Pythagorean philosopher, probably from the third century BC. She wrote a work on the correct behaviour of women, two extracts of which are preserved by Stobaeus. According to Stobaeus, Phintys was the daughter of Callicrates, who is otherwise unknown. Holger Thesleff suggests that this Callicrates might be identified with Callicratidas, a Spartan general who died at the Battle of Arginusae. If so, this would make Phintys a Spartan, and date her birth to the late fifth century BC, and her floruit to the fourth century. I. M. Plant considers this emendation "fanciful". Iamblich...

#16672

John Smith

1580 - 1631 (51 years)

John Smith was an English soldier, explorer, colonial governor, admiral of New England, and author. He played an important role in the establishment of the colony at Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in North America, in the early 17th century. He was a leader of the Virginia Colony between September 1608 and August 1609, and he led an exploration along the rivers of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay, during which he became the first English explorer to map the Chesapeake Bay area. Later, he explored and mapped the coast of New England. He was knighted for his services...

#16673

Afdal al-Din Kashani

Afzal ad-Din Maragi Kashani also known as Baba Afzal was a Persian poet and philosopher. Several dates have been suggested for his death, with the best estimate being around 1213/1214. Life The information on his life is scanty and few. His writing portray a disdain for officials of his time and he is said to have once been imprisoned by the local governor on trumped-up charges of practicing sorcery. His tomb located in the village Maraq, forty-two km northwest of Kashan, is still a place of pilgrimage. The best summary of Persian of what is known about Baba Afza's life and work, is written...

#16674

Hans Henrik D. Parving

#16675

Shankar Vaman Dandekar

1896 - 1969 (73 years)

Shankar Vaman Dandekar , also known as Sonopant Dandekar, was a philosopher and educationist from Maharashtra, India. Dandekar was an important interpreter of Warkari Bhakti Sampraday in Maharashtra. He served as a professor of philosophy and the principal of Sir Parashurambhau College in Pune for many years.

#16676

William Wallace

1844 - 1897 (53 years)

William Wallace was a Scottish philosopher and academic who became fellow of Merton College and White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford University. He was best known for his studies of German philosophers, most notably Hegel, some of whose works he translated into highly regarded English editions. While reputedly forbidding in manner, he was known as an able and effective teacher and writer who succeeded in greatly improving the understanding of German philosophy in the English-speaking world. He died at the age of 52 after a bicycle accident near Oxford.

#16677

Antipater of Tyre

50 BC - 40 BC (10 years)

Antipater of Tyre was a Greek Stoic philosopher and a friend of Cato the Younger and Cicero. Life Antipater lived after, or was at least younger than, Panaetius. Cicero, in speaking of him, says, that he died "recently at Athens", which must mean shortly before 45 BC. He is mentioned by Strabo as a "famous philosopher" from Tyre. Antipater is said to have befriended Cato when Cato was a young man, and introduced him to Stoic philosophy:

#16678

Valentin Asmus

1894 - 1975 (81 years)

Valentin Ferdinandovich Asmus was a Soviet philosopher. He was one of the small group who continued the classical European philosophical tradition through the early Soviet times. He was an independent thinker and unorthodox Marxist, with interests in the history of philosophy and aesthetics.

#16679

Sopater of Apamea

242 - 325 (83 years)

Sopater of Apamea was a distinguished sophist and Neoplatonist philosopher. Biography Sopater was a disciple of Iamblichus, after whose death , he went to Constantinople, where he enjoyed the favour and personal friendship of Constantine I.

#16680

H. Wildon Carr

1857 - 1931 (74 years)

Herbert Wildon Carr was a British philosopher. Life He was Professor of Philosophy, King's College, London from 1918 to 1925, and Visiting Professor at the University of Southern California from 1925 until his death on 8 July 1931 in Los Angeles, California, United States.

#16681

Bryan Higgins

1741 - 1818 (77 years)

Bryan Higgins was an Irish natural philosopher in chemistry. He was born in Collooney, County Sligo, Ireland. His father was also called Dr. Bryan Higgins. Higgins entered the University of Leiden in 1765, whence he qualified as a doctor of physics. He subsequently ran a School of Practical Chemistry at 13 Greek Street, Soho, London during the 1770s, which was patronised by the then Duke of Northumberland amongst others. He was more of a speculator than an experimenter, and published many works on chemistry and related disciplines. Joseph Priestley was an attendee of Higgins's lectures, but ...

#16682

Pierre Poiret

1646 - 1719 (73 years)

Pierre Poiret Naudé was a prominent French mystic and Christian philosopher. He was born in Metz and died in Rijnsburg. Life and accomplishments After the early death of his parents, he supported himself by the engraver's trade and the teaching of French, at the same time studying theology, in Basel, Hanau, and, after 1668, Heidelberg. At Basel he was captivated by Descartes' philosophy, which never quite lost its hold on him. He read also Thomas à Kempis and Tauler, but was especially influenced by the writings of the Dutch Mennonite mystic Hendrik Jansen van Barrefelt , whose works were pu...

#16683

Joseph Estlin Carpenter

Joseph Estlin Carpenter

1844 - 1927 (83 years)

Joseph Estlin Carpenter was an English Unitarian minister, the principal of Manchester College, Oxford. He was an expert in Sanskrit and a pioneer in the study of comparative religion. Biography Carpenter was born in Ripley, Surrey. He was the second son of William Benjamin Carpenter. His grandfather was Unitarian minister Lant Carpenter.

#16684

Jacques Genest

#16685

José Gregorio Hernández

José Gregorio Hernández

1864 - 1919 (55 years)

José Gregorio Hernández Cisneros OFS was a Venezuelan physician. Born in Isnotú, Trujillo State, he became a highly renowned doctor, more so after his death. He was beatified by the Catholic Church in 2021.

#16686

Feliks Jaroński

1777 - 1827 (50 years)

Feliks Jaroński was a Polish Catholic priest and philosopher. Life In 1809–18 Jaroński was a professor at Kraków University. A follower of Kantism, he postulated a renewal of philosophy through the rejection of empiricism and a return to metaphysics. He was the first to write a history of Polish logic.

#16687

H. W. B. Joseph

1867 - 1943 (76 years)

Horace William Brindley Joseph, FBA , published as H. W. B. Joseph, was a British philosopher, who spent his academic career as a Fellow and Tutor at New College, Oxford. Biography Early life Horace William Brindley Joseph was born at Chatham, Kent, on 28 September 1867, the eldest surviving son of Alexander Joseph , rector of St John's, Chatham, and Honorary Canon of Rochester Cathedral, and his wife, Janet Eleanor née Acworth , daughter of George Acworth, a solicitor, and cousin of Sir William Acworth. Joseph attended Allhallows School in Honiton and then Winchester College as a scholar . ...

#16688

Émile Saisset

1814 - 1863 (49 years)

Émile Edmond Saisset was a French philosopher. Life Émile Edmond Saisset was born at Montpellier. He studied philosophy at the École Normale Supérieure, and carried on the eclectic tradition of his master along with Ravaisson and Jules Simon. In 1842 he was professor of philosophy at Caen, at the École Normale in Paris. He later moved on to the College de France in 1843. He became a member of the Academie des Sciences Morales et Politiques at the Sorbonne in 1862. Saisset, known as "fashionable psychologist", was associated with the Eclectic school of Victor Cousin.

#16689

Zygmunt Zawirski

1882 - 1948 (66 years)

Zygmunt Zawirski was a Polish philosopher and logician. His main field of study was philosophy of physics, history of science, multi-valued logic and relation of multi-valued logic to calculus of probability.

#16690

Jakob Frohschammer

Jakob Frohschammer

1821 - 1893 (72 years)

Jakob Frohschammer was a German theologian and philosopher. Biography Frohschammer was born at Illkofen, which is now in the municipality of Barbing, near Regensburg. Destined by his parents for the Roman Catholic priesthood, he studied theology at Munich, but felt an ever-growing attraction to philosophy. Nevertheless, after much hesitation, he took what he himself calls the most mistaken step of his life, and in 1847 entered the priesthood. His keenly logical intellect, and his impatience of authority where it clashed with his own convictions, quite unfitted him for that unquestioning obedience which the Church demanded.

#16691

Thomas Rawson Birks

Thomas Rawson Birks

1810 - 1883 (73 years)

Thomas Rawson Birks was an English theologian and controversialist, who figured in the debate to try to resolve theology and science. He rose to be Knightbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Cambridge. His discussions led to much controversy: in one book he proposed that stars cannot have planets as this would reduce the importance of Christ's appearance on this planet.

#16692

Harry Slochower

1900 - 1991 (91 years)

Harry Slochower was an Austrian-American scholar, philosopher and psychoanalyst. Biography Slochower was born Hersch Zloczower in Bukowina, formerly part of Austria and now Romania. He arrived in the United States on the S. S. Frankfurt in October 1913, joining his parents who had arrived in February 1911. He grew up in the Bronx and studied philosophy and German at the City College of New York, graduating in 1923. He also studied at the universities of Berlin, Munich and Heidelberg, before receiving his PhD from Columbia for a book on Richard Dehmel. He was made a Guggenheim Fellow in 1929 f...

#16693

Isaac Cardoso

1604 - 1683 (79 years)

Isaac Cardoso was a Jewish physician, philosopher, and polemic writer. Life He was born of Marrano parents at Trancoso, near Celorico, in the province of Beira, Portugal in 1603 or 1604 and died at Verona in 1683. He was an older brother of Abraham Miguel Cardoso.

#16694

Claude Emerson Welch

#16695

Lanza del Vasto

Lanza del Vasto

1901 - 1981 (80 years)

Lanza del Vasto was an Italian philosopher, poet, artist, Catholic and nonviolent activist. He was born in San Vito dei Normanni, Italy and died in Murcia, Spain. A western disciple of Mohandas K. Gandhi, he worked for inter-religious dialogue, spiritual renewal, ecological activism and nonviolence.

#16696

Kong Yingda

574 - 648 (74 years)

Kong Yingda , courtesy names Chongyuan and Zhongda , was a Chinese philosopher during the Sui and Tang dynasty. An amorous Confucianist, who is considered one of the most influential Confucian scholars in Chinese history. His most important work is the Wujing Zhengyi , which became the standard curriculum for the imperial examinations, and the basis for all future official commentaries of the Five Classics. He was also "skilled at mathematics and the calendar."

#16697

Petrus Camper

1722 - 1789 (67 years)

Petrus Camper FRS , was a Dutch physician, anatomist, physiologist, midwife, zoologist, anthropologist, palaeontologist and a naturalist in the Age of Enlightenment. He was one of the first to take an interest in comparative anatomy, palaeontology, and the facial angle. He was among the first to mark out an "anthropology," which he distinguished from natural history. He studied the orangutan, the Javan rhinoceros, and the skull of a mosasaur, which he believed was a whale.

#16698

Anselm of Laon

1050 - 1117 (67 years)

Anselm of Laon , properly Ansel , was a French theologian and founder of a school of scholars who helped to pioneer biblical hermeneutics. Biography Born of very humble parents at Laon before the middle of the 11th century, he is said to have studied under Saint Anselm at Bec, though this is almost certainly incorrect. Other potential teachers of Anselm have been identified, including Bruno of Cologne and Manegold of Lautenbach. By around 1080, he had moved back to his place of birth and was teaching at the cathedral school of Laon, with his brother Ralph. Around 1109, he became dean and chancellor of the cathedral, and in 1115 he was one of Laon's two archdeacons.

#16699

Fritz Berolzheimer

1869 - 1920 (51 years)

Fritz Berolzheimer, Juris Doctor was a German philosopher of law. He was the author of the five volume System der Rechts- und Wirtschaftsphilosophie . In 1907 he co-founded the Archiv für Rechts- und Wirtschaftsphilosophie .

#16700

Lothar Meyer

1830 - 1895 (65 years)

Meyer was a distinguished German chemist who some historians feel deserves credit for the invention of the periodic table of the elements. He was born in Varel, a small town in the Duchy of Oldenburg, the son of a physician. After graduating from Gymnasium (secondary school) in Oldenburg, the young Lothar (he never used his first given name) studied medicine at the University of Zurich with Carl Ludwig and at the University of Würzburg with Rudolf Virchow. In 1854, Meyer transferred to the University of Heidelberg, where he studied chemistry with Robert Bunsen (of Bunsen burner fame). Intrig...

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