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Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines

Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.

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List of the most influential people in Philosophy,

#16651

Hans Curschmann

Hans Curschmann

1875 - 1950 (75 years)

Hans Heinrich Curschmann was a German physician and neurologist remembered for Curschmann-Batten-Steinert syndrome. He attended universities in Freiberg, Leipzig and Munich, earning his doctorate in 1900. From 1900 to 1907 he worked in Leipzig, Heidelberg, Berlin and Tübingen, and from 1907 to 1916 he was the senior physician at the city hospital in Mainz. In 1916 he became director of the medical clinic of Rostock, becoming professor in 1921.

#16652

Eliza Haywood

1693 - 1756 (63 years)

Eliza Haywood , born Elizabeth Fowler, was an English writer, actress and publisher. An increase in interest and recognition of Haywood's literary works began in the 1980s. Described as "prolific even by the standards of a prolific age", Haywood wrote and published over 70 works in her lifetime, including fiction, drama, translations, poetry, conduct literature and periodicals. Haywood today is studied primarily as one of the 18th-century founders of the novel in English.

#16653

Ole Worm

1588 - 1654 (66 years)

Ole Worm , who often went by the Latinized form of his name Olaus Wormius, was a Danish physician, natural historian and antiquary. He was a professor at the University of Copenhagen where he taught Greek, Latin, physics and medicine.

#16654

Grace C. Bibb

1842 - 1912 (70 years)

Grace C. Bibb was a feminist and philosopher. She was part of the push for equality between the sexes, as well as an advocate for women's rights, access to higher education, expansion in employment opportunities, a right to equal pay, and a woman's right to vote. She was appointed Dean at the Normal school despite the fact that women were not at that time allowed to attend the College. In her position at the Normal school, Bibb pushed that women be allowed into the College of Education. She later pushed for women to be allowed into all other University departments.

#16655

Henry David Aiken

1912 - 1982 (70 years)

Henry David Aiken was an American professor of philosophy. Life and career Born July 3, 1912, Henry David Aiken was raised in Portland, Oregon. After graduating from Reed College in the same city in 1934, he continued onto Stanford University and Harvard University, where he received his master's and Ph.D. , respectively, in philosophy.

#16656

Fausto Cardoso

1864 - 1906 (42 years)

Fausto de Aguiar Cardoso was a Brazilian lawyer, poet, philosopher, and politician from the state of Sergipe. He was born in a rural part of the state Sergipe, and studied at the Faculty of Law of Recife in Pernambuco. He was elected to political office in 1900, and came into dispute with Olímpio Campos in Rio de Janeiro, the seat of the First Brazilian Republic. Cardoso returned to Sergipe in 1906 and led a revolt against the state government. He was assassinated in 1906 by federal troops summoned to the state by Olímpio Campos. Cardoso's sons, in turn, avenged their father's death and murde...

#16657

John Brown

1800 - 1859 (59 years)

John Brown was a prominent leader in the American abolitionist movement in the decades preceding the Civil War. First reaching national prominence in the 1850s for his radical abolitionism and fighting in Bleeding Kansas, Brown was captured, tried, and executed by the Commonwealth of Virginia for a raid and incitement of a slave rebellion at Harpers Ferry in 1859.

#16658

Edward Wotton

1492 - 1555 (63 years)

Edward Wotton was an English physician, born in Oxford, credited with starting the modern study of zoology, by separating out much of the fanciful and folkloric additions that had been added over time to the body of zoological knowledge.

#16659

Aslam Jairajpuri

Aslam Jairajpuri

1882 - 1955 (73 years)

Aslam Jairajpuri was a scholar of Qur'an, Hadith, and Islamic history who is best known for his books Talimat-e-Qur'an and "History of Qur'an. He was Distinguished Professor of Arabic and Persian at Aligarh Muslim University and Jamia Millia Islamia. He was born on 27 January 1882 in Jairajpur, Azamgarh, in Uttar Pradesh, India, and died on 28 December 1955 in Delhi.

#16660

Stefano Infessura

1436 - 1500 (64 years)

Stefano Infessura was an Italian humanist historian and lawyer. He is remembered through his municipalist Diary of the City of Rome, a partisan chronicle of events at Rome by the Colonna family's point of view. He was in a position to hear everything that circulated in informed Roman circles, for he was the longtime secretary of the Roman Senate. Anecdotes that Infessura relates may be colored by his own partisan nature, but his diary faithfully records news that was making the rounds in the city, whether true or not; "he inserted every fragment of the most preposterous and malevolent gossip ...

#16661

Ludwig Nohl

1831 - 1885 (54 years)

Ludwig Nohl was a German music scholar and writer best known for discovering and publishing Beethoven's famous bagatelle, "Für Elise". Life After graduation from the Gymnasium in Duisburg, Nohl studied jurisprudence at the universities in Bonn, Heidelberg, and Berlin, where he received instruction in music from Siegfried Dehn and Friedrich Kiel. From 1853 to 1856 he was a referendary and undertook journeys to France and Italy, and he also taught music in Heidelberg. In 1860 he wrote his thesis on Mozart and earned the rank of privatdozent for "History and Aesthetic of Musical Art."

#16662

Peder Severin Krøyer

Peder Severin Krøyer

1851 - 1909 (58 years)

Peder Severin Krøyer , also known as P. S. Krøyer, was a Danish painter. Life Growing up and early training Krøyer was born in Stavanger, Norway, on 23 July 1851 to Ellen Cecilie Gjesdal. He was raised by Gjesdal's sister, Bertha Cecilie and brother-in-law, the Danish zoologist Henrik Nikolai Krøyer, after his mother was judged unfit to care for him. Krøyer moved to Copenhagen to live with his foster parents soon afterward. Having begun his art education at the age of nine under private tutelage, he was enrolled in Copenhagen's Technical Institute the following year.

#16663

Christopher Wren

#16664

Thomas James

1573 - 1629 (56 years)

Thomas James was an English librarian and Anglican clergyman, the first librarian of the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Life He was born about 1573 at Newport, Isle of Wight. In 1586 he was admitted a scholar of Winchester College and matriculated at New College, Oxford on 28 January 1592. He then graduated B.A. on 3 May 1595, M.A. on 5 February 1599, and B.D. and D.D. on 16 May 1614.

#16665

Martinus Smiglecius

1563 - 1618 (55 years)

Martinus Smiglecius was a Polish Jesuit philosopher and logician, known for his erudite scholastic Logica. Life He was born on 11 November 1564 in Lwów in the Kingdom of Poland . He used the surname Lwowczyk, or Leopolitanus, and later adopted the name Smiglecius . He attended the Jesuit school in Pułtusk and until 1586 studied in Rome, where he joined the Jesuit order in 1581. His education was financed by the prominent Polish statesman Jan Zamojski. He obtained a master's degree in philosophy and a doctor's degree in theology at the Academy of Vilnius, and taught philosophy and theology th...

#16666

Abu Sayeed Ayyub

1906 - 1982 (76 years)

Abu Sayeed Ayyub was an Indian philosopher, teacher, literary critic and writer in both Bengali and English. Though born into a traditional, Urdu-speaking, Muslim family in Calcutta , he was so deeply captivated in his early teenage by the poems of the Indian Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore that he taught himself Bengali so as to appreciate Tagore better. Later, when he started to write, it was mostly in his adopted language, Bengali. During the initial part of his writing career, Ayyub wrote on aesthetics, religion and socialism. However, it was his philosophical and scientific analysis ...

#16667

Joseph Warren

1741 - 1775 (34 years)

Joseph Warren , a Founding Father of the United States, was an American physician who was one of the most important figures in the Patriot movement in Boston during the early days of the American Revolution, eventually serving as President of the revolutionary Massachusetts Provincial Congress. Warren enlisted Paul Revere and William Dawes on April 18, 1775, to leave Boston and spread the alarm that the British garrison in Boston was setting out to raid the town of Concord and arrest rebel leaders John Hancock and Samuel Adams. Warren participated in the Battles of Lexington and Concord the fo...

#16668

Varaztad Kazanjian

Varaztad Kazanjian

1879 - 1974 (95 years)

Varaztad H. Kazanjian was an Armenian American oral surgeon who pioneered techniques for plastic surgery and is considered to be the founder of the modern practice of plastic surgery. He graduated from Harvard School of Dental Medicine in 1905. He served as professor of oral surgery from 1922 to 1939 and he was the first to hold the title of Professor of plastic surgery at Harvard Medical School. He also co-authored the first concise book on plastic surgery.

#16669

John of Reading

1250 - 1346 (96 years)

John of Reading was an English Franciscan theologian and scholastic philosopher. He was an early opponent of William of Ockham, and a follower of Duns Scotus. He wrote a commentary on the Sentences around 1320, at the University of Oxford. He argued for the unity of science.

#16670

J. R. Illingworth

1848 - 1915 (67 years)

John Richardson Illingworth was an English Anglican priest, philosopher, and theologian. He was a notable member of the set of liberal Anglo-Catholic theologians based in Oxford, and he contributed two chapters to the influential Lux Mundi.

#16671

Otto Reinhold Jacobi

Otto Reinhold Jacobi

1812 - 1901 (89 years)

Otto Reinhold Jacobi was a German-Canadian artist. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. Life and work Born in 1830 Königsberg, Jacobi studied in Berlin at the Royal Academy of Arts. He then studied at the Düsseldorf Art Academy with Johann Wilhelm Schirmer. As a landscape and genre painter, he worked in Nassau and Canada. In 1837 he was appointed the court painter to the Duchess of Nassau in Wiesbaden. In those years, Jacobi gave the young Ludwig Knaus his first lessons in oil painting and advised him to study under Karl Ferdinand Sohn at the Düsseldorf Art Academy. His ...

#16672

Allvar Gullstrand

Allvar Gullstrand

1862 - 1930 (68 years)

Allvar Gullstrand was a Swedish ophthalmologist and optician. Life Born at Landskrona, Sweden, Gullstrand was professor successively of eye therapy and of optics at the University of Uppsala. He applied the methods of physical mathematics to the study of optical images and of the refraction of light in the eye. For this work, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1911.

#16673

Rinchen Zangpo

958 - 1055 (97 years)

Lochen Rinchen Zangpo , also known as Mahaguru, was a principal lotsawa or translator of Sanskrit Buddhist texts into Tibetan during the second diffusion of Buddhism in Tibet, variously called the New Translation School, New Mantra School or New Tantra Tradition School. He was a student of the famous Indian master, Atisha. His associates included Legpai Sherab. Zangpo's disciple Guge Kyithangpa Yeshepal wrote Zangpo's biography. He is said to have built over one hundred monasteries in Western Tibet, including the famous Tabo Monastery in Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, Poo in Kinnaur and Rinchenli...

#16674

Georg Otho

1634 - 1713 (79 years)

Georg Otho was a German orientalist, who was born at Sattenhausen, near Cassel. He became professor and librarian at the University of Marburg, and died in that city. Besides a large number of academical discourses, and Latin essays on various points of philosophy and of Biblical exegesis, he wrote, Oratio funebris in obitum Justi Jungmannii : De accentuatione textus Hebraici : Synopsis institutionum Samaritanarum, Rabbinicarum, Arabicarum, Ethiopicarum, et Persicarum, ex. optimis autoribus excerpta Francf. 1701, 8voibid. 1702, 4toMarb. 1692, 4to

#16675

Thomas Hollis

1720 - 1774 (54 years)

Thomas Hollis FRS FRSA was an English political philosopher and author. Early life Hollis was educated at Adams Grammar School in Newport, Shropshire, until the age 10, and then in St. Albans until 15, before learning French, Dutch and accountancy in Amsterdam. After the death of his father in 1735, his guardian was a John Hollister. He was trained in this time in public service by John Ward of Gresham College, London. He took Chambers with Lincoln's Inn from 1740 to 1748, though without ever reading law. By this time he was a man of considerable wealth having inherited from his father, grand...

#16676

Constantin François de Chassebœuf, comte de Volney

Constantin François de Chassebœuf, comte de Volney

1757 - 1820 (63 years)

Constantin François de Chassebœuf, comte de Volney was a French philosopher, abolitionist, writer, orientalist, and politician. He was at first surnamed Boisgirais after his father's estate, but afterwards assumed the name of Volney .

#16677

Rebecca Lee Crumpler

1831 - 1895 (64 years)

Rebecca Lee Crumpler, born Rebecca Davis, , was an American physician, nurse and author. After studying at the New England Female Medical College, in 1864 she became the first African American woman to become a doctor of medicine in the United States. Crumpler was also one of the first female physician authors in the nineteenth century. In 1883, she published A Book of Medical Discourses. The book has two parts that cover the prevention and cure of infantile bowel complaints, and the life and growth of human beings. Dedicated to nurses and mothers, it focuses on maternal and pediatric medical ...

#16678

Billy Bishop

1894 - 1956 (62 years)

Air Marshal William Avery Bishop, was a Canadian flying ace of the First World War. He was officially credited with 72 victories, making him the top Canadian and British Empire ace of the war, and also received a Victoria Cross. During the Second World War, Bishop was instrumental in setting up and promoting the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan.

#16679

Adolf Kussmaul

1822 - 1902 (80 years)

Adolph Kußmaul was a German physician and a leading clinician of his time. He was born as the son and grandson of physicians at Graben near Karlsruhe and studied at Heidelberg. He entered the army after graduation and spent two years as an army surgeon. This was followed by a period as a general practitioner before he went to Würzburg to study for his doctorate under Virchow.

#16680

Saib Shawkat

1896 - 1984 (88 years)

Saib Shawkat was an Iraqi doctor and politician who was an Arab nationalist leader in Iraq. Medical career He was from an upscale patriotic Baghdadian family of Georgian origin and studied at a medical school in Istanbul 1913-1918, completing post-graduate studies in general surgery in Germany. Shawkat was the first Iraqi doctor to teach anatomy at the Iraqi Royal College of Medicine of which he became the dean later in the 1940s. He was one of the pioneers in general surgery in Iraq, serving as Director General of Baghdad Hospital in the 1930s. In 1932 he became a founding committee member of the Iraqi Red Crescent Society.

#16681

August Buchner

1591 - 1661 (70 years)

August Buchner was a German philologist, poet and literary scholar, an influential professor of poetry and rhetoric at the University of Wittenberg. Career Buchner was born in Dresden the son of Paul Buchner and his wife Maria, the daughter of the mayor of Dresden . After private education, he attended from 17 November 1604 the Landesschule Pforta, where he received education in religion, classical languages and the liberal arts. He studied at the University of Wittenberg from 19 November 1610, first law and philosophy. He studied poetry with and , ethics with , Greek with , and rhetoric w...

#16682

Giorgio Nataletti

1907 - 1972 (65 years)

Giorgio Nataletti was an Italian musicologist, the first director of the Ethnomusicological Archives at the National Academy of Santa Cecilia in Rome. He was in charge of a vast project from 1948–72 to record traditional Italian music. It was done under the auspices of RAI, the Italian Radio and Television agency. The results are preserved in the RAI archives as well as those of the National Academy of Santa Cecilia.

#16683

Mahmood Anjir-Faghnawi

Mahmood Anjir-Faghnawi

1231 - 1317 (86 years)

#16684

John Nash

1893 - 1977 (84 years)

John Northcote Nash was a British painter of landscapes and still-lives, and a wood engraver and illustrator, particularly of botanic works. He was the younger brother of the artist Paul Nash. Early life Nash was born in London, the younger son of lawyer William Harry Nash who served as recorder of Abingdon and Caroline Maude Jackson. His mother came from a family with a naval tradition; she was mentally unstable and died in a mental asylum in 1910. In 1901 the family moved to Iver Heath, Buckinghamshire. Nash was educated at Langley Place in Slough and afterwards at Wellington College, Berkshire.

#16685

Max Schneider

1875 - 1967 (92 years)

Max Schneider was a German music historian. Life Born in Eisleben, Schneider studied musicology at the University of Leipzig with Hermann Kretzschmar and Hugo Riemann and composition with Salomon Jadassohn. After his time as second Kapellmeister in Halle from 1897 to 1901, he continued his studies of music history with Kretzschmar. In 1904, he moved to Berlin, where he worked from 1905 to 1915 as a "scientific assistant" at the Alte Bibliothek.

#16686

Etta Lemon

1860 - 1953 (93 years)

Margaretta "Etta" Louisa Lemon was an English bird conservationist and a founding member of what is now the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds . She was born into an evangelical Christian family in Kent, and after her father's death she increasingly campaigned against the use of plumage in hatmaking which had led to billions of birds being killed for their feathers. She founded the Fur, Fin and Feather Folk with Eliza Phillips in Croydon in 1889, which two years later merged with Emily Williamson's Manchester-based Society for the Protection of Birds , also founded in 1889. The new or...

#16687

Louis Figuier

1819 - 1894 (75 years)

Louis Figuier was a French scientist and writer. He was the nephew of Pierre-Oscar Figuier and became Professor of chemistry at L'Ecole de pharmacie of Montpellier. Louis Figuier was married to French writer Louise Juliette Bouscaren.

#16688

Heinrich Husmann

1908 - 1983 (75 years)

Heinrich Husmann was a German musicologist and university professor. Biography At the University of Göttingen, Husmann was a pupil of Friedrich Ludwig and then of Johannes Wolf, Arnold Schering, Friedrich Blume and Erich Moritz von Hornbostel at the Humboldt University, Berlin, where he received his doctorate in 1932.

#16689

Otto Heurnius

1577 - 1652 (75 years)

Otto Heurnius was a Dutch physician, theologian and philosopher. Life He studied at Leiden University. He subsequently succeeded his father Johannes Heurnius as professor of medicine at Leiden University, and took over anatomy teaching from Pieter Pauw from 1617. Alongside his practical anatomy teaching, he had the care of a very various collection of zoological and botanical specimens. The aims of the collection included reconstruction of the life of the Israelites in Egypt, as in the Book of Exodus.

#16690

Gumersindo de Azcárate

Gumersindo de Azcárate

1840 - 1917 (77 years)

Gumersindo de Azcárate was a Spanish philosopher, jurist and politician. Biography After law studies in Oviedo, he taught comparative law in Madrid since 1864 and represented León in the Cortes. In the 1870s, he joined Francisco Giner de los Ríos and Julián Sanz del Río to teach at the Institución Libre de Enseñanza .

#16691

Teofil Rutka

1622 - 1700 (78 years)

Teofil Rutka SJ - Polish Jesuit. Rhetorician, philosopher, theologian and missionary. Biography Born in the region of Kyiv, he received his secondary education at the Jesuit College in Ostroh. On 13 August 1643, he joined the Jesuit Order in Kraków and was ordained priest in Poznań in 1652. He was a professor of rhetorics, philosophy, polemical theology and moral theology in many Jesuit schools in Poland . He served as a professor in the years 1653–76, with short breaks for being a court missionary , a missionary to the Crimean Khanate , a poenitentiarius in Loreto , and a missionary to Constantinople .

#16692

William Thomas Blanford

William Thomas Blanford

1832 - 1905 (73 years)

William Thomas Blanford was an English geologist and naturalist. He is best remembered as the editor of a major series on The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Biography Blanford was born in London to William Blanford and Elizabeth Simpson. His father owned a factory next to their house on Bouverie street, Whitefriars. He was educated in private schools in Brighton and Paris . He joined his family business in carving and gilding and studied at the School of Design in Somerset House. Suffering from ill health, he spent two years in a business house at Civitavecchia owned by a friend of his father.

#16693

Michał Falkener

1460 - 1533 (73 years)

Michael Falkener, Michał z Wrocławia, Michał Wrocławczyk, Michael de Wratislava, Michael Vratislaviensis was a Silesian Scholastic philosopher, astronomer, astrologer, mathematician, theologian, philologist, and professor of the Kraków Academy.

#16694

David Williams

1738 - 1816 (78 years)

David Williams was a Welsh philosopher of the Enlightenment period. He was an ordained minister, theologian and political polemicist, and was the founder in 1788 of the Royal Literary Fund, of which he had been a proponent since 1773.

#16695

John William Turner

John William Turner

1790 - 1835 (45 years)

John William Turner MD FRSE was a 19th-century Scottish physician who served as Professor of Surgery at the University of Edinburgh. Life He was born in England in 1790. His family moved to Newbattle south of Edinburgh around 1795.

#16696

Saverius Pace

1501 - 1601 (100 years)

Saverius Pace was a minor Maltese philosopher who specialised in physics. Life Little is known about the private life of Saverius Pace. Neither his dates of birth and death nor his birthplace in Malta are identified as yet. He might have lectured at the Collegium Melitense see in Valletta. Only one work of Pace's has survived. No portrait of Pace is known to exist so far.

#16697

Newton Spaulding Manross

1825 - 1862 (37 years)

Newton Spaulding Manross was an American scientist and engineer. Early life and education He was born in Bristol, Connecticut. He graduated from Yale College in 1850. He sailed for Europe the day after graduation, and spent a year and a half in studying chemistry at the University of Göttingen. He received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from that university in 1852.

#16698

William Roxburgh

William Roxburgh

1751 - 1815 (64 years)

William Roxburgh FRSE FRCPE FLS was a Scottish surgeon and botanist who worked extensively in India, describing species and working on economic botany. He is known as the founding father of Indian botany. He published numerous works on Indian botany, illustrated by careful drawings made by Indian artists and accompanied by taxonomic descriptions of many plant species. Apart from the numerous species that he named, many species were named in his honour by his collaborators.

#16699

James Whale

1889 - 1957 (68 years)

James Whale was an English film director, theatre director and actor, who spent the greater part of his career in Hollywood. He is best remembered for several horror films: Frankenstein , The Old Dark House , The Invisible Man and Bride of Frankenstein , all considered classics. Whale also directed films in other genres, including the 1936 film version of the musical Show Boat.

#16700

Fukuzawa Yukichi

Fukuzawa Yukichi

1835 - 1901 (66 years)

Fukuzawa Yukichi was a Japanese educator, philosopher, writer, entrepreneur and samurai who founded Keio University, the newspaper Jiji-Shinpō, and the Institute for Study of Infectious Diseases. Fukuzawa was an early advocate for reform in Japan. His ideas about the organization of government and the structure of social institutions made a lasting impression on a rapidly changing Japan during the Meiji period. He appears on the current 10,000-Japanese yen banknote.

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