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Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines

Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.

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List of the most influential people in Philosophy,

#16751

Alexander Sutherland

1852 - 1902 (50 years)

Alexander Sutherland was a Scottish-Australian educator, writer and philosopher. Early life and education Sutherland was born at Glasgow, both parents were Scottish, his father, George Sutherland, a carver of ship's figureheads, married Jane Smith, a woman of character and education. The family came to Australia in 1864 on account of the father's health, and Alexander at 14 years of age became a pupil-teacher with the education department at Sydney.

#16752

Quintus Lucilius Balbus

1 BC - 100 (101 years)

Quintus Lucilius Balbus was a Stoic philosopher and a pupil of Panaetius. Balbus appeared to Cicero as comparable to the best Greek philosophers. He is introduced by Cicero in his dialogue On the Nature of the Gods as the expositor of the opinions of the Stoics on that subject, and his arguments are represented as of considerable weight. His name appears in the extant fragments of Cicero's Hortensius, but it is no longer thought that Balbus was a speaker in the dialogue.

#16753

Karl Thiersch

1822 - 1895 (73 years)

Karl Thiersch, also spelled Carl Thiersch , was a German surgeon born in Munich. His father was educationist Friedrich Thiersch, his father-in-law was renowned chemist Justus von Liebig. One brother, Ludwig, was an influential painter, while another, Heinrich Wilhelm Josias, was a theologian.

#16754

Jacob ben Nissim

950 - 1006 (56 years)

Jacob ben Nissim ibn Shahin was a Jewish philosopher and mathematician who lived at Kairouan, Tunisia in the 10th century; he was a younger contemporary of Saadia. At Jacob's request Sherira Gaon wrote a treatise entitled Iggeret, on the redaction of the Mishnah. Jacob is credited with the authorship of an Arabic commentary on the Sefer Yeẓirah .

#16755

Monaldo Leopardi

Monaldo Leopardi

1776 - 1847 (71 years)

Count Monaldo Leopardi was an Italian philosopher, nobleman, politician and writer, notable as one of the main Italian intellectuals of the counter-revolution. His son Giacomo Leopardi was a poet and thinker with completely opposite views, which were probably the root cause of their discord.

#16756

Benedictus Aretius

Benedictus Aretius

1522 - 1574 (52 years)

Benedictus Aretius was a Swiss Protestant theologian, Protestant reformer and natural philosopher. Life He was born at Bätterkinden, in the canton of Bern, Switzerland. He studied at Strasbourg and at Marburg, where he became professor of logic. He was called to Bern as a school-teacher, 1548, and became professor of theology, 1564.

#16757

Robert Plot

1640 - 1696 (56 years)

Robert Plot was an English naturalist, first Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oxford, and the first keeper of the Ashmolean Museum. Early life and education Born in Borden, Kent to parents Robert Plot and Elisabeth Patenden, and baptised on 13 December 1640, Plot was educated at the Wye Free School in Kent. He entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford in 1658 where he graduated with a BA in 1661 and an MA in 1664. Plot subsequently taught and served as dean and vice principal at Magdalen Hall while preparing for his BCL and DCL, which he received in 1671 before moving to University College in ...

#16758

Mehdi Bayani

1906 - 1968 (62 years)

Mehdi Bayani was the founder and the first head of the National Library of Iran, specialist in Persian manuscripts and calligraphy, writer, researcher, and professor at the University of Tehran. Life and careers Mehdi Bayani was born in 1906 in Hamedan, Iran. His father, "Mirza Mohammad Khan Mostofi Farahani", was from the succession of teachers and accountant of Farahan and his maternal ancestor was "Mirza Soleimaan Bayan ol-Saltaneh Farahani", the head of the royal exchequer and the author of "the treatise on the rules of clerking and accounting". At the age of two, his father died and his mother came to Tehran with him and other children.

#16759

Euphraeus

Euphraeus was a philosopher and student of Plato from the town of Oreus in northern Euboea. He appears to have been active in politics in addition to his speculative studies, being first an adviser to Perdiccas III of Macedon and then an opponent of Philip II and his supporters in Oreus. Information regarding his life is scant, however, and few facts about it are mentioned in more than one source. He appears in the Fifth Letter of Plato, Demosthenes' Third Philippic, and Athenaeus' Deipnosophistae .

#16760

John Anderson

1726 - 1796 (70 years)

John Anderson was a Scottish natural philosopher and liberal educator at the forefront of the application of science to technology in the industrial revolution, and of the education and advancement of working men and women. He was a joint founder of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and was the posthumous founder of Anderson's College , which ultimately evolved into the University of Strathclyde.

#16761

Sydney Ringer

1836 - 1910 (74 years)

Sydney Ringer FRS was a British clinician, physiologist and pharmacologist, best known for inventing Ringer's solution. He was born in 1835 in Norwich, England and died following a stroke in 1910 in Lastingham, Yorkshire, England. His gravestone and some other records report 1835 for his birth, some census records and other documents suggest 1836, but his baptismal record at St Mary's Baptist Chapel confirms this was 1835.

#16762

Ludovic Lalanne

1815 - 1898 (83 years)

Ludovic Lalanne was a French historian and librarian. The engineer and politician Léon Lalanne was his brother. Biography Lalanne was a student at the lycée Louis-le-Grand and later at the École des Chartes, where he was graduated archivist paleographer in 1841. He was librarian of the Institut.

#16763

Jacob van Campen

Jacob van Campen

1596 - 1657 (61 years)

Jacob van Campen was a Dutch artist and architect of the Golden Age. Life He was born into a wealthy family at Haarlem, and spent his youth in his home town. Being of noble birth and with time on his hands, he took up painting mainly as a pastime. In 1614, he became a member of the Guild of Saint Luke , and studied painting under Frans de Grebber - a number of Van Campen's oils survive. About 1616 to 1624 he is thought to have lived in Italy. On his return to the Netherlands, Van Campen turned to architecture, applying ideas borrowed from Andrea Palladio, Vincenzo Scamozzi and classical influences from Vitruvius.

#16764

Andronicus Contoblacas

Andronicus Contoblacas was a Greek Renaissance humanist and scholar. Contobacles originated from Constantinople and left after the Ottoman Empire conquered the city. He first travelled to Venice, Italy. From 1458 and 1465 an Andronikos from Constantinople is mentioned as a lecturer in humanist studies at the University of Bologna. A professor for the Greek Language is mentioned for the term 1466/67 at the same university. Coming from Northern Italy, he arrived in Basel where he resided for about three years between 1474 and 1477. He taught Greek to students of the University of Basel, staying at the dorm of Hieronymus Berlin.

#16765

Dawūd al-Qayṣarī

1260 - 1350 (90 years)

Dawūd al-Qayṣarī was an early Ottoman Sufi scholar, philosopher and mystic. He was born in Kayseri, in central Anatolia and was the student of the Iranian scholar, Abd al-Razzaq Kāshānī . He was the author of over a dozen philosophical texts, many of which are still important textbooks in Shi'ite religious schools. The most important is the commentary on Ibn al-'Arabi's Fusus al-Hikam and his criticism of Ibn al-Farid's poetry. Sultan Orhan Gazi built a school for him in the town of İznik, the first case of an Ottoman state-established medrese.

#16766

Robert Greene

1678 - 1730 (52 years)

Robert Greene , was an English philosopher. Early life Greene, the son of Robert Greene, a mercer of Tamworth, Staffordshire, by his wife Mary Pretty of Fazeley, was born about 1678. His father, who according to the son was a repository of all the Christian virtues, died while Greene was a boy, and it was through the generosity of his uncle, John Pretty, rector of Farley, Hampshire, that he was sent to Clare Hall, Cambridge. He graduated B.A. 1699, and M.A. 1703. He became a fellow and tutor of his college and took orders.

#16767

Archibald Pitcairne

Archibald Pitcairne

1652 - 1713 (61 years)

Archibald Pitcairne or Pitcairn was a Scottish physician. He was a physician and poet who first studied law at Edinburgh and Paris graduating with an M.A. from Edinburgh in 1671. He turned his attention to medicine, and commenced to practise in Edinburgh, around 1681. He was appointed professor of physic at Leyden, in 1692, resigning his chair. On returning to Edinburgh, however, around 1693, he was suspected of being at heart an atheist, chiefly on account of his mockery of the puritanical strictness of the Presbyterian church. He was the reput...

#16768

Wally Wood

1927 - 1981 (54 years)

Wallace Allan Wood was an American comic book writer, artist and independent publisher, widely known for his work on EC Comics's titles such as Weird Science, Weird Fantasy, and MAD Magazine from its inception in 1952 until 1964, as well as for T.H.U.N.D.E.R. Agents, and work for Warren Publishing's Creepy. He drew a few early issues of Marvel's Daredevil and established the title character's distinctive red costume. Wood created and owned the long-running characters Sally Forth and Cannon.

#16769

Qaem Amrohvi

1919 - 1990 (71 years)

Qaem Amrohvi was an Urdu poet, philosopher and thinker. Qaem Amrohvi was a well known pakistani urdu poet, his real name was Syed Zariful Hasan. He was born in 1919 in Amroha, India. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, he migrated to Pakistan. He belonged to the Naqvi Syed family. In 1974, he moved to Kuwait and settled there. During the days of Gulf War, he moved back to Pakistan. He died in 1990 in Karachi.

#16770

Franz Zacharias Ermerins

Franz Zacharias Ermerins

1808 - 1871 (63 years)

Franz Zacharias Ermerins was a Dutch physician and medical editor whose literary work encompassed Hippocrates and ancient Greek medicine. He was born into an eminent Zeeland family in Middelburg. In 1826, he graduated from the Latin school there. After the outbreak of the Belgian Revolution while he was a medical student at Leyden University, he joined the Leidse Jagers, a volunteer company of soldiers drawn from the Leyden student body, and participated in the Ten Days' Campaign. Upon his safe return, he continued his studies. He received a doctoral degree on November 3, 1832, with his ...

#16771

George Romney

1734 - 1802 (68 years)

George Romney was an English portrait painter. He was the most fashionable artist of his day, painting many leading society figures – including his artistic muse, Emma Hamilton, mistress of Lord Nelson.

#16772

Robert Ernest Hume

1877 - 1948 (71 years)

Robert Ernest Hume was an Indian-born American author and professor of the History of Religions at Union Theological Seminary, Christian missionary in India, and congregational minister. His translation of The Thirteen Principle Upanishads is seen as the standard for the work.

#16773

David Walker

1785 - 1830 (45 years)

David Walker was an American abolitionist, writer, and anti-slavery activist. Though his father was enslaved, his mother was free; therefore, he was free as well . In 1829, while living in Boston, Massachusetts, with the assistance of the African Grand Lodge , he published An Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, a call for black unity and a fight against slavery.

#16774

Robert Sibbald

1641 - 1722 (81 years)

Sir Robert Sibbald was a Scottish physician and antiquary. Life He was born in Edinburgh, the son of David Sibbald and Margaret Boyd . Educated at the Royal High School and the Universities of Edinburgh, Leiden, and Paris, he took his doctor's degree at the University of Angers in 1662, and soon afterwards settled as a physician working in Edinburgh. He resided at "Kipps Castle" near Linlithgow. In 1667 with Sir Andrew Balfour he started the botanical garden in Edinburgh, and he took a leading part in establishing the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, of which he was elected president in 1684.

#16775

Wang Wei

699 - 759 (60 years)

Wang Wei was a Chinese musician, painter, poet, and politician of the middle Tang dynasty. He is regarded as one of the most famous men of arts and letters of his era. Many of his poems survive and 29 of them are included in the 18th-century anthology Three Hundred Tang Poems. Many of his best poems were inspired by the local landscape.

#16776

Ioan Cantacuzino

Ioan Cantacuzino

1863 - 1934 (71 years)

Ioan I. Cantacuzino was a renowned Romanian physician and bacteriologist, a professor at the School of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of Bucharest, and a titular member of the Romanian Academy. He established the fields of microbiology and experimental medicine in Romania, and founded the Ioan Cantacuzino Institute.

#16777

Koorathalvar

1010 - Present (1016 years)

Koorathalvar was the chief disciple of the prominent Vaishnavite saint Ramanuja. According to popular tradition, he was a humble man who assisted Ramanuja in all of his endeavours. Early life Koorathalvar was born as Kuresan in a small hamlet 'Kooram' near Kanchi, in the year of 1010 A.D in an affluent family. He belonged to the clan of Haritha, who were popular landlords. Koorathalvar was married at a young age to Andal, a devout and pious lady. Both of them were recorded to have led a happy and peaceful life. They were deeply devoted to the deity Varadaraja Perumal. The couple were renowned in the holy town of Kanchipuram for their unstinting philanthropy and kindness.

#16778

Spencer Fullerton Baird

Spencer Fullerton Baird

1823 - 1887 (64 years)

Spencer Fullerton Baird was an American naturalist, ornithologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist, and museum curator. Baird was the first curator to be named at the Smithsonian Institution. He eventually served as assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian from 1850 to 1878, and as Secretary from 1878 until 1887. He was dedicated to expanding the natural history collections of the Smithsonian which he increased from 6,000 specimens in 1850 to over 2 million by the time of his death. He also served as the U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries from 1871 to 1887 and published over 1,000 works durin...

#16779

Aristodemus of Cydathenaeum

450 BC - Present (2476 years)

Aristodemus of Cydathenaeum was an ancient Athenian follower of the philosopher Socrates. He is best remembered as a character and narrative source in Plato's Symposium, and is also preserved in Xenophon's Memorabilia and a fragment from Aristophanes.

#16780

Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis

Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis

1875 - 1911 (36 years)

Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis was a Lithuanian composer, painter, choirmaster, cultural figure, and writer in Polish. Čiurlionis contributed to symbolism and art nouveau, and was representative of the fin de siècle epoch. He has been considered one of the pioneers of abstract art in Europe. During his short life, he composed about 400 pieces of music and created about 300 paintings, as well as many literary works and poems. The majority of his paintings are housed in the M. K. Čiurlionis National Art Museum in Kaunas, Lithuania. His works have had a profound influence on modern Lithuanian...

#16781

Dorotea Bucca

1360 - 1436 (76 years)

Dorotea Bocchi was an Italian noblewoman known for studying medicine and philosophy. Dorotea was associated with the University of Bologna, though there are differing beliefs regarding the extent of her participation at the university ranging, from whether she taught or held a position there. Despite these debates, there is consensus that she flourished and was active at the university for more than 40 years, beginning from 1390 onwards.

#16782

Stephanus of Athens

601 - 700 (99 years)

Stephanus of Athens , also called Stephanus the Philosopher, was a Byzantine Greek physician and writer. A Christian native of Athens, he studied at Alexandria under a certain Asclepius, possibly Asclepius of Tralles. He later practised and taught medicine there.

#16783

Fakhr al-Din Iraqi

1213 - 1289 (76 years)

Fakhr al-Din Iraqi was a Persian Sufi poet of the 13th-century. He is principally known for his mixed prose and poetry work, the Lama'at , as well as his divan , most of which were written in the form of a ghazal.

#16784

Virginia M. Alexander

Virginia M. Alexander

1900 - 1949 (49 years)

Virginia M. Alexander was an American physician, public health researcher, and the founder of the Aspiranto Health Home in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Early life Virginia M. Alexander was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on February 4, 1899, to Hilliard Alexander and Virginia Pace, who were both born into slavery in the US. She had four siblings, including the prominent attorney Raymond Pace Alexander. Alexander's mother died when she was 4 years old, and at age 13 her father's riding academy closed. Alexander withdrew from school to help relieve the resulting economic strain on her family...

#16785

Nicoletto Vernia

1420 - 1499 (79 years)

Nicoletto Vernia was an Italian Averroist philosopher, at the University of Padua. Life He studied at Pavia, under Paolo da Pergola in Venice, and with Gaetano da Thiene in Padua, graduating with a doctorate in 1458. His first work was on the unitas intellectus, the theory of Averroes on the unity of the soul and intellect.

#16786

Paraskev Stoyanov

Paraskev Stoyanov

1871 - 1941 (70 years)

Paraskev Ivanchov Stoyanov was a surgeon, anarchist, historian and professor. He is considered one of the fathers of Bulgarian and Romanian anarchism. Biography The son of Ivancho Stoyanov, a Bulgarian active militant for national liberation from Roussé, and Gabriela von Walter, a German woman, Paraskev was born on January 30, 1871, in the city of Giurgiu, Romania, where his father had fled to escape persecution from the Ottomans. Belonging to a wealthy environment, Paraskev Stoyanov enjoyed a solid education, he studied at Bucharest's "Saint Sava" high school and at medical universities in Romania, France and Switzerland.

#16787

Simon Rawidowicz

Simon Rawidowicz

1897 - 1957 (60 years)

Simon Rawidowicz was a Polish-born American Jewish philosopher. Early life Simon Rawidowicz was born in 1896 in Grajewo, Poland to Chaim Yitzchak Rawidowicz , a Zionist activist, a travelling merchant, a writer, and a pioneer farmer, and to Chana Batya . A second of ten children – seven of whom survived childhood – he studied at the modern Yeshiva at Lida. Rawidowicz received a traditional Jewish education, during the course of which he became attracted to the Haskalah and Modern Hebrew literature. He was drawn to the reviving Hebrew language and literature, and before turning 18 he became a teacher at the Cheder Metukan.

#16788

Mohammad-Hadi Abdekhodaei

1317 - Present (709 years)

Sheikh Mohammad-Hadi Abdekhodaei , is an Iranian Ayatollah He is currently a member of the Fifth term of the Assembly of Experts. He was previously the 11th Ambassador of Iran to the Vatican, and also served in the Iranian Parliament for 3 terms.

#16789

Balcomb Greene

1904 - 1990 (86 years)

Balcomb Greene was an American artist and teacher. He and his wife, artist Gertrude Glass Greene, were heavily involved in political activism to promote mainstream acceptance of abstract art and were founding members of the American Abstract Artists organization. His early style was completely non-objective. Juan Gris and Piet Mondrian as well as Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse influenced his early style. From the 1940s his work "opened out to the light and space of natural form." He painted landscapes and figure. "He discerned the pain of a man, and hewed to it integrally from beginning to end….

#16790

Scott Gottlieb

#16791

Heinrich Czolbe

1819 - 1873 (54 years)

Heinrich Adam Friedrich Czolbe was a German physician and materialist philosopher. Literary works Neue Darstellung des Sensualismus, 1855Entstehung des Selbstbewußtseins. Eine Antwort an Herrn Professor Lotze, Leipzig 1856 Die Grenzen und der Ursprung des menschlichen Erkentniss, 1865

#16792

João Zeferino da Costa

João Zeferino da Costa

1840 - 1916 (76 years)

João Zeferino da Costa was a Brazilian painter and designer. Life and work He began his studies in 1857 at the Academia Imperial de Belas Artes under the direction of Victor Meirelles. While there, he won several awards and was granted a fellowship to study in Europe. In 1869, he went to Rome and enrolled at the Accademia di San Luca, becoming a student of Cesare Mariani. He studied there for three years, winning several more awards, which allowed him to extend his visit for a few more years. Some of his best-known paintings were done during this period.

#16793

Robert Sharrock

1630 - 1684 (54 years)

Robert Sharrock was an English churchman and botanist. He is now known for The History of the Propagation and Improvement of Vegetables by the Concurrence of Art and Nature , for philosophical work directed against Thomas Hobbes, and as an associate of Robert Boyle

#16794

Hippo

500 BC - 460 BC (40 years)

Hippo was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. He is variously described as coming from Rhegium, Metapontum, Samos, and Croton, and it is possible that there was more than one philosopher with this name.

#16795

Joseph von Mering

Joseph von Mering

1849 - 1908 (59 years)

Josef, Baron von Mering was a German physician. Working at the University of Strasbourg, Mering was the first person to discover that one of the pancreatic functions is the production of insulin, a hormone which controls blood sugar levels.

#16796

Antoni Leśniowski

1867 - 1940 (73 years)

Antoni Leśniowski was a Polish surgeon, credited with publishing what may have been the earliest reports of the condition which later became known as Crohn's disease. He graduated in medicine from the University of Warsaw in 1890, and studied further in Berlin. From 1892 to 1912 he worked as a surgeon at the Infant Jesus Hospital in Warsaw, specialising in urology. Despite this, his most notable reports were on several cases of inflammatory bowel disease. On May 10, 1903, Medycyna, a weekly medical newspaper, published an article in which he described several cases of intestinal disease, conc...

#16797

Samuel Manuwa

1903 - 1976 (73 years)

Oloye Sir Samuel Layinka Ayodeji Manuwa, CMG, OBE was a Nigerian surgeon, Inspector General of Medical Services and former Chief Medical Adviser to the Federal Government of Nigeria. He was the first Nigerian to pass the FRCS and he obtained the postgraduate Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Edinburgh in 1934. In 1966, he was elected president of the World Federation for Mental Health.

#16798

Nicola Spedalieri

1740 - 1795 (55 years)

Nicola Spedalieri was an Italian priest, theologian, and philosopher. Life He studied and was ordained a priest in the seminary of Monreale, then among the most prominent in Sicily. In Monreale, he was appointed professor of philosophy and mathematics, and later of theology. At the same time he cultivated the arts of poetry, music, and painting. Disgusted at the opposition stirred up by certain theological theses, which were branded as heretical at Palermo, but approved at Rome, he withdrew from Monreale to Rome , where for ten years, while although leading a penurious life, he participated in fruitful study and labour.

#16799

Francesco Bianchini

Francesco Bianchini

1662 - 1729 (67 years)

Francesco Bianchini was an Italian philosopher and scientist. He worked for the curia of three popes, including being camiere d'honore of Clement XI, and secretary of the commission for the reform of the calendar, working on the method to calculate the astronomically correct date for Easter in a given year.

#16800

Giambattista Toderini

1728 - 1799 (71 years)

Giambattista Toderini was a Venetian philosopher, writer, and former Jesuit abbot. Biography Son of Domenico Maria and Anna Maria Cestari, he was the descendant of the Gagliardis dalla Volta counts palatine. Toderini studied philosophy and archaeology, but tended toward contemplative and religious life since his youth and joined the Society of Jesus. He was employed in teaching, dedicating himself to philosophy in Verona and Forlì.

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