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Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines

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List of the most influential people in Philosophy,

#16851

Charles Seeger

1886 - 1979 (93 years)

Charles Louis Seeger Jr. was an American musicologist, composer, teacher, and folklorist. He was the father of the American folk singers Pete Seeger , Peggy Seeger , and Mike Seeger ; and brother of the World War I poet Alan Seeger and children's author and educator Elizabeth Seeger .

#16852

Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster

1869 - 1966 (97 years)

Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster was a German academic, educationist, pacifist and philosopher, known for his public opposition to Nazism. His works primarily dealt with the development of ethics through education, sexology, politics and international law.

#16853

Miloš N. Đurić

1892 - 1967 (75 years)

Miloš N. Đurić , was a Serbian classical philologist, hellenist, classical translator, philosopher, university professor and a full member of Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Đurić's textbooks and translations of classic literary works such as the Iliad, the Odyssey and Poetics are still in use. According to Dr. Ksenija Maricki Gađanski, Đurić's numerous contributions to Serbian culture puts him on a scale of earlier Serbian enlighteners such as Saint Sava and Dositej Obradović.

#16854

Jacob Lorhard

1561 - 1609 (48 years)

Jacob Lorhard was a German philosopher and pedagogue based in St. Gallen, Switzerland. Biography Lorhard was born in Münsingen, in the Duchy of Württemberg. He studied at the University of Tübingen. In 1603 he became Rector of the Gymnasium in St. Gallen. In 1606 he published Ogdoas scholastica, which contains the word "ontologia" – probably appearing for the first time ever in a book. He uses "Ontologia" synonymously with "Metaphysica". The following year he received the offer of becoming Professor of Theology at the University of Marburg from Landgrave Maurice of Hesse-Kassel. Rudolph Göckel was also professor in Marburg in logic, ethics, and mathematics at this time.

#16855

Charles Augustus Strong

1862 - 1940 (78 years)

Charles Augustus Strong was an American philosopher and psychologist. He spent the earlier part of his career teaching in the United States, but after his wife died, in 1906 he settled with their daughter in Italy, near Florence. Between 1918 and 1936 he wrote most of his works there.

#16856

Sandie Lindsay, 1st Baron Lindsay of Birker

1879 - 1952 (73 years)

Alexander Dunlop Lindsay, 1st Baron Lindsay of Birker, , known as Sandie Lindsay, was a Scottish academic and peer. Lindsay worked at a number of universities, beginning his career as a fellow in moral philosophy at the University of Edinburgh and as an assistant lecturer at Victoria University of Manchester. He the moved to Balliol College, Oxford where he had been elected a fellow in 1906. He served in the British Army during the First World War. He was Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow from 1922 to 1924, before returning to the University of Oxford as master of Balliol College 1924.

#16857

Karl Vorländer

1860 - 1928 (68 years)

Karl Vorländer was a German neo-Kantian philosopher who taught in Solingen. He published various studies and editions of the works of Immanuel Kant, including studies of the relation between Kantian thought and socialist thought, and of the influence of Kant on the work of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. His 1924 biography of Kant became a classic of Kant scholarship for much of the twentieth century.

#16858

Richard P. Mayeux

#16859

Cassius Longinus

Cassius Longinus

213 - 273 (60 years)

Cassius Longinus was a Greek rhetorician and philosophical critic. Born in either Emesa or Athens, he studied at Alexandria under Ammonius Saccas and Origen the Pagan, and taught for thirty years in Athens, one of his pupils being Porphyry. Longinus did not embrace the Neoplatonism then being developed by Plotinus, but continued as a Platonist of the old type and his reputation as a literary critic was immense. During a visit to the east, he became a teacher, and subsequently chief counsellor to Zenobia, queen of Palmyra. It was by his advice that she endeavoured to regain her independence from Rome.

#16860

Luigi Guido Grandi

Luigi Guido Grandi

1671 - 1742 (71 years)

Dom Guido Grandi, O.S.B. Cam. was an Italian monk, priest, philosopher, theologian, mathematician, and engineer. Life Grandi was born on 1 October 1671 in Cremona, Italy and christened Luigi Francesco Lodovico. When he was of age, he was educated at the Jesuit college there. After he completed his studies there in 1687, he entered the novitiate of the Camaldolese monks at Ferrara and took the name of Guido. In 1693 he was sent to the Monastery of St. Gregory the Great, the Camaldolese house in Rome, to complete his studies in philosophy and theology in preparation for Holy Orders. A year later, Grandi was assigned as professor of both fields at the Camaldolese Monastery of St.

#16861

Gustave Belot

1859 - 1929 (70 years)

Gustave Belot was a French philosopher and educational administrator. Gustave Belot was born 7 August 1859 at Strasbourg, the son of a professor in the faculty of letters at Lyons. He entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1878, taking the philosophy agrégation in 1881, and becoming a provincial philosophy instructor at Brest and elsewhere. In 1899 he succeeded Lucien Lévy-Bruhl as professor of philosophy at the lycée Louis-le-Grand. In 1911 he was appointed Inspector of the Paris Academy, and in 1913 he became Inspector-General of Secondary Instruction. He died in Paris on 21 December 1929....

#16862

Paul Foulquié

1893 - 1983 (90 years)

Paul Foulquié was a French thinker and philosopher known for his books on metaphysics, epistemology, existentialism and psychology. His works have been translated into different languages. Bibliography L'existentialisme Precis de philosophie La volonté La dialectique La psychologie contemporaine Psychologie Dictionnaire de la langue philosophique by Foulquié Paul Diccionario de Pedogogia Dictionnaire de la langue pédagogique by Paul Foulquié and Quadrige Précis de philosophie Tome III Métaphysique l'action. Cours de philosophie Alain Précis de philosophie à l'usage des candidats au baccalau...

#16863

Ferrante de Gemmis

1732 - 1803 (71 years)

Ferrante de Gemmis was an Italian philosopher and literary man. Biography Ferrante de Gemmis was born in Terlizzi, near Bari. His parents were the Baron Tommaso de Gemmis and Francesca Bruni. He was educated in Naples where he graduated in law. He inherited the properties of his uncle Minister Ferrante Maddalena. De Gemmis was a friend of the philosopher and political economist Antonio Genovesi. He founded an Academy in Terlizzi becoming the primary exponent of Illuminism in the region of Apulia. He refused to become a judge so he could continue writing about philosophy even though he wrote i...

#16864

Alfred Delp

1907 - 1945 (38 years)

Alfred Delp was a German Jesuit priest and philosopher of the German Resistance. A member of the inner Kreisau Circle resistance group, he is considered a significant figure in Catholic resistance to Nazism. Falsely implicated in the failed 1944 July Plot to overthrow Adolf Hitler, Delp was arrested and sentenced to death. He was executed in 1945.

#16865

Bernhard Alexander

Bernhard Alexander

1850 - 1927 (77 years)

Bernhard Alexander was a Hungarian writer of Jewish background, and a professor of philosophy and aesthetics. Life and career Bernhard Alexander was born Alexander Márkus in Pest on 13 April 1850, and educated in his native city, later attending German universities, where he pursued studies in the fields of philosophy, aesthetics and pedagogy. On his return to Hungary he was appointed to a teaching post in a Realschule in Budapest, and in 1878 was admitted as a docent into the faculty of philosophy at the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Budapest, where he became a full professor in 1895.

#16866

Louis de Bonald

Louis de Bonald

1754 - 1840 (86 years)

Louis Gabriel Ambroise, Vicomte de Bonald was a French counter-revolutionary philosopher and politician. He is mainly remembered for developing a theoretical framework from which French sociology would emerge.

#16867

John Arbuthnot

1667 - 1735 (68 years)

John Arbuthnot FRS , often known simply as Dr Arbuthnot, was a Scottish physician, satirist and polymath in London. He is best remembered for his contributions to mathematics, his membership in the Scriblerus Club , and for inventing the figure of John Bull.

#16868

George Dalgarno

1616 - 1687 (71 years)

George Dalgarno was a Scottish intellectual interested in linguistic problems. Originally from Aberdeen, he later worked as a schoolteacher in Oxford in collaboration with John Wilkins, although the two parted company intellectually in 1659.

#16869

Philip of Opus

400 BC - 400 BC (0 years)

Philip of Opus , was a philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician. He was a member of Plato’s Academy and after the master's death, edited his last work, Laws. He is generally considered the author of the Platonic Epinomis , a follow-on conversation among the same interlocutors.

#16870

Paolo Ruffini

1765 - 1822 (57 years)

Paolo Ruffini was an Italian mathematician and philosopher. Education and career By 1788 he had earned university degrees in philosophy, medicine/surgery and mathematics. His works include developments in algebra:an incomplete proof that quintic equations cannot be solved by radicals . Abel would complete the proof in 1824.Ruffini's rule, which is a quick method for polynomial division.contributions to group theory.He also wrote on probability and the quadrature of the circle.

#16871

Li Zhi

1527 - 1602 (75 years)

Li Zhi , often known by his pseudonym Zhuowu , was a Chinese philosopher, historian and writer of the late Ming dynasty. A critic of the Neo-Confucianist views espoused by Zhu Xi, which was then the orthodoxy of the Ming government, he was persecuted and committed suicide in prison.

#16872

Albrecht von Haller

Albrecht von Haller

1708 - 1777 (69 years)

Albrecht von Haller was a Swiss anatomist, physiologist, naturalist, encyclopedist, bibliographer and poet. A pupil of Herman Boerhaave, he is often referred to as "the father of modern physiology."

#16873

Rachelle Yarros

1869 - 1946 (77 years)

Rachelle Slobodinsky Yarros was an American physician who supported the use of birth control and the social hygiene movement. A graduate of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, Yarros resided at Hull House for many years and opened the second birth control clinic in the nation there. She was an obstetrician/gynecologist affiliated with the University of Illinois at Chicago and the Chicago Lying-in Hospital.

#16874

Johann Friedrich Gmelin

Johann Friedrich Gmelin

1748 - 1804 (56 years)

Johann Friedrich Gmelin was a German naturalist, chemist, botanist, entomologist, herpetologist, and malacologist. Education Johann Friedrich Gmelin was born as the eldest son of Philipp Friedrich Gmelin in 1748 in Tübingen. He studied medicine under his father at University of Tübingen and graduated with a Master's degree in 1768, with a thesis entitled: , defended under the presidency of Ferdinand Christoph Oetinger, whom he thanks with the words .

#16875

Lucio Fontana

1899 - 1968 (69 years)

Lucio Fontana was an Argentine-Italian painter, sculptor and theorist. He is mostly known as the founder of Spatialism. Early life Born in Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina, to Italian immigrant parents, he was the son of the sculptor Luigi Fontana . Fontana spent the first years of his life in Argentina and then was sent to Italy in 1905, where he stayed until 1922, working as a sculptor with his father, and then on his own. Already in 1926, he participated in the first exhibition of Nexus, a group of young Argentine artists working in Rosario de Santa Fé.

#16876

Jean Philibert Damiron

1794 - 1862 (68 years)

Jean-Philibert Damiron was a French philosopher. Biography Damiron was born at Belleville. At nineteen he entered the École Normale, where he studied under Eugène Burnouf, Abel-Francois Villemain, and Victor Cousin. After teaching for several years in provincial towns, he came to Paris, where he lectured on philosophy in various institutions, and finally became professor in the normal school, and titular professor at the Sorbonne. In 1824 he joined Paul-François Dubois and Théodore Simon Jouffroy in establishing Le Globe; and he was also a member of the committee of the society which took for its motto Aide-toi, le ciel t'aidera.

#16877

Albert Schwegler

1819 - 1857 (38 years)

Albert Schwegler was a German philosopher and Protestant theologian. Biography Schwegler was born at Michelbach in Württemberg, the son of a country pastor. He entered the University of Tübingen in 1836, and was one of the earliest pupils of F. C. Baur, under whose influence he devoted himself to church history. His first work was Der Montanismus und die christliche Kirche des Zweiten Jahrhunderts , in which he pointed out for the first time that Montanism was much more than an isolated outbreak of eccentric fanaticism in the early church, though he himself introduced fresh misconceptions by connecting it with Ebionitism as he conceived the latter.

#16878

Isaac ben Moses Arama

1420 - 1494 (74 years)

Isaac ben Moses Arama was a Spanish rabbi and author. He was at first principal of a rabbinical academy at Zamora ; then he received a call as rabbi and preacher from the community at Tarragona, and later from that of Fraga in Aragon. He officiated finally in Calatayud as rabbi and head of the Talmudical academy. Upon the expulsion of the Jews in 1492, Arama settled in Naples, where he died in 1494.

#16879

Maitreyi

1000 BC - 1000 BC (0 years)

Maitreyi was an Indian philosopher who lived during the later Vedic period in ancient India. She is mentioned in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad as one of two wives of the Vedic sage Yajnavalkya; she is estimated to have lived around the 8th century BCE. In the Hindu epic Mahabharata and the Gṛhyasūtras, however, Maitreyi is described as an Advaita philosopher who never married. In ancient Sanskrit literature, she is known as a brahmavadini .

#16880

Pietro Bembo

1470 - 1547 (77 years)

Pietro Bembo, was an Italian scholar, poet, and literary theorist who also was a member of the Knights Hospitaller, and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. As an intellectual of the Italian Renaissance , Pietro Bembo greatly influenced the development of the Tuscan dialect as a literary language for poetry and prose, which, by later codification into a standard language, became the modern Italian language. In the 16th century, Bembo's poetry, essays and books proved basic to reviving interest in the literary works of Petrarch. In the field of music, Bembo's literary writing techniques ...

#16881

Leo Kanner

1894 - 1981 (87 years)

Leo Kanner was an Austrian-American psychiatrist, physician, and social activist best known for his work related to infantile autism. Before working at the Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Kanner practiced as a physician in Germany and South Dakota. In 1943, Kanner published his landmark paper Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact, describing 11 children who displayed "a powerful desire for aloneness" and "an obsessive insistence on persistent sameness." He named their condition "early infantile autism". Kanner was in charge of developing the first child psy...

#16882

Protap Chunder Mozoomdar

Protap Chunder Mozoomdar

1840 - 1905 (65 years)

Protap Chunder Mozoomdar was a leader of the Hindu reform movement, the Brahmo Samaj, in Bengal, India, and a close follower of Keshub Chandra Sen. He was a leading exemplar of the interaction between the philosophies and ethics of Hinduism and Christianity, about which he wrote in his book, The Oriental Christ.

#16883

Andrea Pozzo

1642 - 1709 (67 years)

Andrea Pozzo was an Italian Jesuit brother, Baroque painter, architect, decorator, stage designer, and art theoretician. Pozzo was best known for his grandiose frescoes using the technique of quadratura to create an illusion of three-dimensional space on flat surfaces. His masterpiece is the nave ceiling of the Church of Sant'Ignazio in Rome. Through his techniques, he became one of the most noteworthy figures of the Baroque period. He is also noted for the architectural plans of Ljubljana Cathedral , inspired by the designs of the Jesuit churches Il Gesù and S. Ignazio in Rome.

#16884

Đuro Arnold

1853 - 1941 (88 years)

Đuro Arnold was a Croatian writer and philosopher. Early life and study Arnold was born as the 19th of 24 children of Ivan, a tax gatherer, and Sofija, née Vukanić. His ancestors arrived from Switzerland during the French Revolution. He was born in Ivanec and spent his early childhood in Krapina. He attended primary school in Zagreb, and high school in Varaždin and Zagreb, where he graduated in 1873.

#16885

Mahmoud Mohammed Taha

1909 - 1985 (76 years)

Mahmoud Mohammed Taha, also known as Ustaz Mahmoud Mohammed Taha, was a Sudanese religious thinker, leader, and trained engineer. He developed what he called the "Second Message of Islam", which postulated that the verses of the Qur'an revealed in Medina were appropriate in their time as the basis of Islamic law, , but that the verses revealed in Mecca represented the ideal and universal religion, which would be revived when humanity had reached a stage of development capable of implementing them, ushering in a renewed era of Islam based on the principles of freedom and equality. He was execu...

#16886

Emma Goldman

1869 - 1940 (71 years)

Emma Goldman was a Lithuanian-born anarchist revolutionary, political activist, and writer. She played a pivotal role in the development of anarchist political philosophy in North America and Europe in the first half of the 20th century.

#16887

Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg

Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg

1783 - 1853 (70 years)

Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg was a Danish painter. He was born in Blåkrog in the Duchy of Schleswig . He went on to lay the foundation for the period of art known as the Golden Age of Danish Painting, and is referred to as the "Father of Danish painting".

#16888

Fernando González

Fernando González

1895 - 1964 (69 years)

Fernando González Ochoa , was a Colombian writer and existentialist philosopher known as "el filósofo de Otraparte" . He wrote about sociology, history, art, morality, economics, epistemology and theology in a humorous, and creative style, in various genres of literature. González is considered one of the most original writers of Colombia during the 20th century. His ideas were controversial and had a great influence in the Colombian society at his time and still today. González work inspired Nadaism, a literary and cultural movement founded by Gonzalo Arango an some other writers, poets and painters that surrounded him.

#16889

Swami Shraddhanand

Swami Shraddhanand

1856 - 1926 (70 years)

Swami Shraddhanand , also known as Mahatma Munshi Ram Vij, was an Arya Samaj sannyasi and an Indian Independence activist who propagated the teachings of Dayananda Saraswati. This included the establishment of educational institutions, like the Gurukul Kangri University, and played a key role on the Sangathan and the Shuddhi , a Hindu reform movement in the 1920s.

#16890

Francesco Bonatelli

1830 - 1911 (81 years)

Francesco Bonatelli was a 19th-century Italian philosopher of the Roman Catholic spiritualist tradition. Francesco Bonatelli was born in Iseo, Brescia, Italy on 25 April 1830. He first studied philosophy at the University of Vienna and later taught that subject at the universities of Bologna and Padua . He was also one of the principal editors of Filosofia delle scuole italiane, a review founded in 1870 by Terenzio Mamiani which was dedicated to defending a Platonizing position. However, he resigned in 1874 when the Platonist Giovanni Maria Bertini published criticisms of Catholicism that Bonatelli considered too bold.

#16891

Jorge Romero Brest

Jorge Romero Brest

1905 - 1989 (84 years)

Jorge Aníbal Romero Brest was an influential art critic in Argentina, who helped popularize avant-garde art in his country. Life and work Born in Buenos Aires in 1905, Romero Brest enjoyed multiple interests in his youth, and excelled in a variety of sports. His father, Enrique Romero Brest, established the National Institute of Physical Education. Jorge Brest began writing for his father's sports magazine, Revista de Educación Física. His research for these articles familiarized him with André Dunoyer de Segonzac's illustrations on the subject, and he developed an intellectual interest in art.

#16892

Cornelis Willem Opzoomer

Cornelis Willem Opzoomer

1821 - 1892 (71 years)

Cornelis Willem Opzoomer was a Dutch jurist, positivist philosopher and theologian. He was professor of philosophy at Utrecht University from 1846 to 1889. In 1856 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

#16893

Hammalawa Saddhatissa

Hammalawa Saddhatissa

1914 - 1990 (76 years)

Hammalawa Saddhatissa Maha Thera was an ordained Buddhist monk, missionary and author from Sri Lanka, educated in Varanasi, London, and Edinburgh. He was a contemporary of Walpola Rahula, also of Sri Lanka.

#16894

Arthur Thomson

1861 - 1933 (72 years)

Sir John Arthur Thomson was a Scottish naturalist who authored several notable books and was an expert on soft corals. Life He was born at Pilmuir east of East Saltoun, East Lothian, the second son of Isabella Landsborough and the Rev Arthur Thomson , a minister in the Free Church of Scotland, originally from Muckhart.

#16895

Francis Wade

1907 - 1987 (80 years)

Francis C. Wade was an American Jesuit and professor of philosophy at Marquette University. Biography Wade was born on November 11, 1907, in Whitesboro, Texas, where he was baptized in St. Thomas Church. He was the son of George H. Wade and Virginia M. Wade. He was educated at Whitesboro Public School and at St. Mary's College High School, St. Marys, Kansas. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1925. He was awarded his B.A. from Xavier University in 1930, his M.A. from Saint Louis University in 1932, and his S.T.L. from Saint Louis University in 1939.

#16896

Giulio Romano

1499 - 1546 (47 years)

Giulio Pippi , known as Giulio Romano , was an Italian painter and architect. He was a pupil of Raphael, and his stylistic deviations from High Renaissance classicism help define the sixteenth-century style known as Mannerism. Giulio's drawings have long been treasured by collectors; contemporary prints of them engraved by Marcantonio Raimondi were a significant contribution to the spread of sixteenth-century Italian style throughout Europe.

#16897

Antonin Sertillanges

Antonin Sertillanges

1863 - 1948 (85 years)

Antonin-Gilbert Sertillanges, O.P. , also known as Antonin-Dalmace Sertillanges, was a French Catholic philosopher and spiritual writer. Biography Born Antonin-Gilbert, he took the name Antonin-Dalmace when he entered the Dominican order. In 1893 he founded the Revue Thomiste and later became professor of moral philosophy at the Institut Catholique de Paris. Henri Daniel-Rops wrote that it was rumored that President Raymond Poincaré asked Léon-Adolphe Cardinal Amette, Archbishop of Paris, for a reply to Pope Benedict XV's peace proposals, and that Amette passed the request along to Sertillan...

#16898

Julius Ebbinghaus

1885 - 1981 (96 years)

Julius Ebbinghaus was a German philosopher, one of the closest followers of Immanuel Kant active in the twentieth century. He was influenced by the Heidelberg school of neo-Kantianism of Wilhelm Windelband, and wrote on philosophy of law and the categorical imperative. Professor at Marburg University since 1940; 1954 professor emeritus, continuing lectures until 1966. In October 1945, he became installed as Rector Magnificus by order of the American occupation forces. He was the son of famous psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus.

#16899

Hermann Heller

1891 - 1933 (42 years)

Hermann Heller was a German legal scholar and philosopher of Jewish descent. He was active in the non-Marxist wing of the Social Democratic Party of Germany during the Weimar Republic. He attempted to formulate the theoretical foundations of the social-democratic relations to the state, and nationalism. He was politically active in the relatively conservative Hofgeismarer Kreis of the SPD and is believed to have authored the group's statement of principles.

#16900

Antonio Banfi

1886 - 1957 (71 years)

Antonio Banfi was an Italian philosopher and senator. He is also noted for founding the Italian philosophical school called critical rationalism. Although influenced by the Marburg neo-Kantians and Edmund Husserl, whom he knew personally, Banfi moved away from Idealism and instead focused on Marxism, in particular, historical materialism.

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