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List of the most influential people in Philosophy,

#16951

Albína Dratvová

1892 - 1969 (77 years)

Albína Dratvová was a Czech philosopher, associate professor of philosophy at Charles University, one of the first few women to be habilitated during the First Czechoslovak Republic. She devoted herself to natural philosophy and methodology, the relationship between natural sciences and positivism. She also contributed significantly with her positions to the emancipation movement of modern women.

#16952

Alfred Sorensen

1890 - 1984 (94 years)

Alfred Julius Emmanuel Sorensen , also known as Sunyata, Shunya, or Sunyabhai, was a Danish mystic, horticulturist and writer who lived in Europe, India and the US. Early life and background Alfred Sorensen was the son of peasant farmer near Aarhus in central Denmark. His formal education ended after the family sold their farm when Sorensen was 14 years old. Sorensen then worked as a gardener on estates in France, Italy and finally England.

#16953

Johann Gottlieb Buhle

1763 - 1821 (58 years)

Johann Gottlieb Buhle , German scholar and philosopher, was born at Brunswick and educated at Göttingen. He became professor of philosophy at Göttingen, Moscow , and Brunswick. Of his numerous publications, the most important are the Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Philosophie und einer kritischen Literatur derselben , and Geschichte der neuern Philosophie seit der Epoche der Wiederherstellung der Wissenschaften . The latter, elaborate and well written, is lacking in critical appreciation and proportion; there are French and Italian translations. He edited Aratus and part of Aristotle .

#16954

Georg Erhard Hamberger

Georg Erhard Hamberger

1697 - 1755 (58 years)

Georg Erhard Hamberger was a German professor of medicine, surgery, and botany. Biography Hamberger was born in Jena, and received his Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Jena in 1721. He studied the physiology of respiration, especially with respect to breathing. He authored a textbook on physiology, covering the thorax muscles, intercostal muscles, and pleural sac. He also studied the reaction of camphor and nitric acid. His writings included the study of gravitation and the ascension of gases.

#16955

Aristo of Chios

300 BC - 300 BC (0 years)

Aristo of Chios , also spelled Ariston, was a Greek Stoic philosopher and colleague of Zeno of Citium. He outlined a system of Stoic philosophy that was, in many ways, closer to earlier Cynic philosophy. He rejected the logical and physical sides of philosophy endorsed by Zeno and emphasized ethics. Although agreeing with Zeno that Virtue was the supreme good, he rejected the idea that morally indifferent things such as health and wealth could be ranked according to whether they are naturally preferred. An important philosopher in his day, his views were eventually marginalized by Zeno's succe...

#16956

Rudolph Nissen

1896 - 1981 (85 years)

Rudolph Nissen was a German surgeon who chaired surgery departments in Turkey, the United States and Switzerland. The Nissen fundoplication, a surgical procedure for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, is named after him.

#16957

Joaquim Carreras i Artau

1894 - 1968 (74 years)

Joaquim Carreras i Artau was a Catalan philosopher. He began his studies of scholastic philosophy at the Girona Seminary, where he stayed for ten years. Later he graduated from the University of Barcelona with BAs in Law and Philosophy. The thesis Ensayo sobre el voluntarismo de J. Duns Scoto gave him a Doctorate in Philosophy at the University of Madrid. He taught both at secondary schools and at the University of Barcelona from 1939 to 1964, first as a teaching assistant and, for the last twelve years, as professor.

#16958

Hans Joachim Moser

1889 - 1967 (78 years)

Hans Joachim Moser was a German musicologist, composer and singer. Moser was the son of the music-professor Andreas Moser , a pupil and important early biographer of Joseph Joachim. He studied the History of Music , German philology and Philosophy in Marburg, Berlin and Leipzig, and studied violin with his father. With the work Musical Confederations in the German Middle Ages he obtained his doctorate in 1910 at Rostock.

#16959

Terpsion

450 BC - Present (2476 years)

Terpsion of Megara is a speaker in Plato's dialogues. In the frame story which serves as the prologue to Plato's Theaetetus, Terpsion asks his friend Euclid of Megara to recount the dialogue between Socrates and Theaetetus. Terpsion also appears in the Phaedo as one of the people who was present at the death of Socrates. Debra Nails states that nothing else reliable can be determined about Terpsion, and all later sources that mention him, such as Plutarch and the pseudonymous Socratic letters, are derived from the account in Plato's dialogues.

#16960

Saint Lucy

283 - 304 (21 years)

Lucia of Syracuse , also called Saint Lucia was a Roman Christian martyr who died during the Diocletianic Persecution. She is venerated as a saint in the Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, and Eastern Orthodox churches. She is one of eight women explicitly commemorated by Catholics in the Canon of the Mass. Her traditional feast day, known in Europe as Saint Lucy's Day, is observed by Western Christians on 13 December. Lucia of Syracuse was honored in the Middle Ages and remained a well-known saint in early modern England. She is one of the best known virgin martyrs, along with Agatha of Sicily,...

#16961

Giuseppe Furlani

1885 - 1962 (77 years)

Giuseppe Furlani was an Italian archaeologist, orientalist, philologist, and historian of religions, and the founder of Italian Assyriology and Hittite studies. Biography Giuseppe Furlani was born on 10 November 1885 in Pula in Croatia, at the time in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His parents were Francesco and Luigia Damiani. In 1908, he graduated in law, and in 1913 in philosophy at the University of Graz.

#16962

Seo Gyeong-deok

1489 - 1546 (57 years)

Seo Gyeong-deok was a Korean Neo-Confucianist philosopher during the Joseon Dynasty. His philosophy studied materialism and phenomenology based on ancient taoist philosophy theories absorbed by neoconfucianism, like Yin and Yang and Ki.

#16963

Joseph Hillebrand

1788 - 1871 (83 years)

Joseph Hillebrand was a German novelist, philosopher and historian of literature. Biography He was originally a Catholic, studied at Hildesheim and at Göttingen, and in 1815 entered the priesthood and taught at Hildesheim, but resigned his position on accepting Protestant views. Upon Hegel's departure from the University of Heidelberg in 1818, he was appointed a professor of philosophy there, and in 1822 took a like position at the University of Giessen. He was elected to the lower house of the Hessian chamber in 1847, where he took the side of the liberals and became president in 1848. When ...

#16964

Menedemus

340 BC - 265 BC (75 years)

Menedemus of Eretria was a Greek philosopher and founder of the Eretrian school. He learned philosophy first in Athens, and then, with his friend Asclepiades, he subsequently studied under Stilpo and Phaedo of Elis. Nothing survives of his philosophical views apart from a few scattered remarks recorded by later writers.

#16965

Hayashi Gahō

1618 - 1688 (70 years)

Hayashi Gahō, also known as Hayashi Shunsai|林春斎|, was a Japanese Neo-Confucian philosopher and writer in the system of higher education maintained by the Tokugawa bakufu during the Edo period. He was a member of the Hayashi clan of Confucian scholars.

#16966

Paul the Persian

550 - 600 (50 years)

Paul the Persian or Paulus Persa was a 6th-century East Syriac theologian and philosopher who worked at the court of the Sassanid king Khosrau I. He wrote several treatises and commentaries on Aristotle, which had some influence on medieval Islamic philosophy. He is identified by some scholars with Paulus of Nisibis and with Paul of Basra. According to Jackson, he was "a Christian who may have studied Greek philosophy in the schools of Nisibis and Gundeshapur". He is remembered for his writings in Syriac for his royal patron. These include his notes in Syriac on Aristotle's Logic, in which he...

#16967

Benedykt Dybowski

Benedykt Dybowski

1833 - 1930 (97 years)

Benedykt Tadeusz Dybowski was a Polish naturalist and physician. Life Benedykt Dybowski was born in Adamaryni, within the Minsk Governorate of the Russian Empire to Polish nobility. He was the brother of naturalist Władysław Dybowski and the cousin of the French explorer Jean Dybowski.

#16968

Sallustius of Emesa

450 - Present (1576 years)

Sallustius of Emesa was a Cynic philosopher, who lived in the latter part of the 5th century AD. Biography Sallustius' father Basilides was a Syrian; his mother Theoclea a native of Emesa, where probably Sallustius was born, and where he lived during the earlier part of his life. He applied himself first to the study of jurisprudence, and studied the art of oratory under the tuition of Eunoius at Emesa. He subsequently abandoned his forensic studies, and took up the profession of a sophist. He directed his attention especially to the Attic orators, and learnt all the orations of Demosthenes by heart.

#16969

Wilmar Maarten Wiersinga

#16970

Maria Bezobrazova

Maria Bezobrazova

1857 - 1914 (57 years)

Maria Vladimirovna Bezobrazova was a philosopher, historiographer, educator, journalist and women's rights activist from the Russian Empire. She was "the first among Russian women to receive training in philosophy".

#16971

Nariman Narimanov

1870 - 1925 (55 years)

Nariman Karbalayi Najaf oghlu Narimanov was an Azerbaijani Bolshevik revolutionary, writer, publicist, politician and statesman. For just over one year beginning in May 1920, Narimanov headed the government of Soviet Azerbaijan. He was subsequently elected chairman of the Union Council of the Transcaucasian SFSR. He was also Party Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union from 30 December 1922 until the day of his death.

#16972

Isaak Iselin

1728 - 1782 (54 years)

Isaak Iselin was a Swiss philosopher of history and politics. Iselin studied law and philosophy at the University of Basel and the University of Göttingen. In 1756 he became secretary of the republic of Basel. He was a co-founder of the Helvetic Society, the first national Swiss reform society.

#16973

Teodoro de Almeida

1722 - 1804 (82 years)

Teodoro de Almeida was a Portuguese Catholic priest, member of the Congregation of the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri, a writer and philosopher, and a leading personage of the Portuguese Enlightenment.

#16974

Johann Friedrich Flatt

Johann Friedrich Flatt

1759 - 1821 (62 years)

Johann Friedrich Flatt was a German Protestant theologian and philosopher. Life Johann Friedrich Flatt was born in Tübingen. His brother, Karl Christian Flatt , was also a theologian. He studied philosophy and theology in Tübingen, afterwards continuing his education in Göttingen. In 1785 he became a professor of philosophy at the University of Tübingen, where in 1792 he was appointed an associate professor of theology. In 1798 he succeeded Gottlob Christian Storr as a full professor of theology at Tübingen.

#16975

Hendrik van Eikema Hommes

1930 - 1984 (54 years)

Hendrik Jan van Eikema Hommes was a noted Dutch legal scholar and successor to Herman Dooyeweerd in the post of philosopher and judicial scholar at Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Van Eikema Hommes wrote an Introduction to the Philosophy of Dooyeweerd, along with numerous legal studies. He was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1983.

#16976

Johann Christoph Wichmannshausen

Johann Christoph Wichmannshausen

1663 - 1727 (64 years)

Johann Christoph Wichmannshausen was a 17th-century German philologist. Biography He received his master's degree from the University of Leipzig in 1685. His dissertation, titled Disputationem Moralem de Divortiis Secundum Jus Naturae , was written under the direction of his father in law and advisor Otto Mencke. He was from 1692 until the time of his death a professor of Near Eastern languages and university librarian at the University of Wittenberg, and gave courses there in Philosophy and Hebrew.

#16977

Oliva Sabuco

1562 - 1622 (60 years)

Oliva Sabuco de Nantes Barrera was a Spanish writer in holistic medical philosophy in the late 16th – early 17th century. She was interested in the interaction between the physical and psychological phenomena; therefore she wrote a collection of medical and psychological treatises that target human nature and explain the effects of emotions on the body and soul. She analyzed theoretical claims of ancient philosophers and wrote an early theory of what is now considered applied psychology.

#16978

Karl Friedrich Eusebius Trahndorff

1782 - 1863 (81 years)

Karl Friedrich Eusebius Trahndorff was a German philosopher and theologian. Life He was born in Berlin. The son of a musician, from the age of twelve Trahndorff attended the school in Oels , where his father had been appointed chapel director by the Prinz von Brunswick-Lüneburg, Frederick August I. From 1801 he studied theology and philology in Königsberg, and on completion of his studies he began a career as a high-school teacher, mostly at the Friedrich-Wilhelm Gymnasium in Berlin but with several years in Białystok .

#16979

Alton Ochsner

1896 - 1981 (85 years)

Alton Ochsner Sr. was an American surgeon and medical researcher who worked at Tulane University and other New Orleans hospitals before he established The Ochsner Clinic. Now known as Ochsner Medical Center, the clinic is the flagship hospital of Ochsner Health System. Among its many services are heart transplants.

#16980

Giuseppe Rensi

1871 - 1941 (70 years)

Giuseppe Rensi was an Italian philosopher. Early life and education Giuseppe Rensi's father Gaetano was a doctor; his mother was Emilia Wallner, and he also had a sister, Teresa. He attended high school in Verona, then studied law, first in Padua and then in Rome, where he graduated in 1893. As a young man he began to collaborate on socialist-inspired periodicals, for example the Rivista popolare, directed by Napoleone Colajanni, and the Critica Sociale, directed by Filippo Turati. At Turati's invitation he moved to Milan where he began regularly to frequent socialist circles. He also worked...

#16981

Damaris Cudworth Masham

1659 - 1708 (49 years)

Damaris Cudworth, Lady Masham was an English writer, philosopher, theologian, and advocate for women's education who is often characterized as a proto-feminist. She overcame some weakness of eyesight and lack of access to formal higher education to win high regard among eminent thinkers of her time. With an extensive correspondence, she published two works, A Discourse Concerning the Love of God and Thoughts in reference to a Vertuous or Christian Life . She is particularly noted for her long, mutually-influential friendship with the philosopher John Locke.

#16982

Brian Houghton Hodgson

Brian Houghton Hodgson

1800 - 1894 (94 years)

Brian Houghton Hodgson was a pioneer naturalist and ethnologist working in India and Nepal where he was a British Resident. He described numerous species of birds and mammals from the Himalayas, and several birds were named after him by others such as Edward Blyth. He was a scholar of Newar Buddhism and wrote extensively on a range of topics relating to linguistics and religion. He was an opponent of the British proposal to introduce English as the official medium of instruction in Indian schools.

#16983

Francesco Robortello

Francesco Robortello

1516 - 1567 (51 years)

Francesco Robortello was a Renaissance humanist, nicknamed Canis grammaticus for his confrontational and demanding manner. As scholar Robortello, who was born in Udine, was an editor of rediscovered works of Antiquity, who taught philosophy and rhetoric, as well as ethics , and Latin and Greek, roving from Padua through universities at Lucca, Pisa, Venice, Padua, and Bologna before finally returning to Padua in 1560.

#16984

C. E. M. Joad

1891 - 1953 (62 years)

Cyril Edwin Mitchinson Joad was an English philosopher, author, teacher and broadcasting personality. He appeared on The Brains Trust, a BBC Radio wartime discussion programme. He popularised philosophy and became a celebrity, before his downfall in a scandal over an unpaid train fare in 1948.

#16985

Khalifa Abdul Hakim

1893 - 1959 (66 years)

Khalifa Abdul Hakeem was a Pakistani philosopher, poet, critic, researcher, philologist, translator, and former professor of philosophy at Osmania University. He was the former director of Islamic Culture Institute, Lahore.

#16986

Bolus of Mendes

300 BC - 300 BC (0 years)

Bolus of Mendes was a philosopher, a neopythagorean writer of works of esoterica and medicine, in Ptolemaic Egypt. Both the Suda, and a later work mistakenly attributed to Eudokia Makrembolitissa—; Bed of Violets, probably a 16th-century forgery by Constantine Paleocappa—write of a Pythagorean philosopher of Mendes in Egypt. He is described as one who wrote on marvels, potent remedies, and astronomical phenomena. The Suda, however, also describes a separate Bolus who was a philosopher of the school of Democritus, who wrote Inquiry, and Medical Art, containing "natural medical remedies from so...

#16987

Sir John Pringle, 1st Baronet

Sir John Pringle, 1st Baronet

1707 - 1782 (75 years)

Sir John Pringle, 1st Baronet was a British physician who has been called the "father of military medicine" . Biography Youth and early career John Pringle was the youngest son of Sir John Pringle, 2nd Baronet, of Stichill, Roxburghshire , by his spouse Magdalen , daughter of Sir Gilbert Eliott, 3rd Baronet, of Stobs.

#16988

Miura Baien

1723 - 1789 (66 years)

In Japanese names here, surname is first. "Baien" was a pen-name, "plum garden". was a Japanese philosopher and scholar of the Tokugawa era. Life Born as Miura Susumu into the family of a village physician in the present Ōita Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū, he became himself a physician and declined invitations to take office in the service of a local feudal lord. Complex and enigmatic, his philosophical work fell into obscurity after his death until the two volumes of Baien Zenshū were published in 1912. They received little attention apart from the 1953 publication of Saegusa Hiroto...

#16989

Ernst Marcus

1856 - 1928 (72 years)

Ernst Moses Marcus was a German lawyer and philosopher. He developed a theory of aether based on Immanuel Kant's posthumous work Opus Postumum, however sharply disagreeing with Erich Adickes interpretation. He used this to mount a criticism of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. He was a major influence on Salomo Friedlaender.

#16990

Roberto Bernabei

#16991

Gómez Pereira

1500 - 1567 (67 years)

Gómez Pereira was a Spanish philosopher, doctor, and natural humanist from Medina del Campo. Pereira worked hard to dispel medieval concepts of medicine and proposed the application of empirical methods; as for his philosophy, it is of the standard direction and his reasonings are a clear precedent of René Descartes. He was the first to propose the famous "Cogito ergo sum", in 1554, commonly attributed to Descartes. He was famous for his practice of medicine, although he had many diverse occupations, such as owning businesses, engineering, and philosophy.

#16992

Hendrik Verwoerd

1901 - 1966 (65 years)

Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd , also known as H. F. Verwoerd, was a South African politician, scholar, and newspaper editor who served as Prime Minister of South Africa and is commonly regarded as the architect of apartheid. Verwoerd played a significant role in socially engineering apartheid, the country's system of institutionalized racial segregation and white supremacy, and implementing its policies, as Minister of Native Affairs and then as prime minister . Furthermore, Verwoerd played a vital role in helping the far-right National Party come to power in 1948, serving as their political strategist and propagandist, becoming party leader upon his premiership.

#16993

Hermann Conring

Hermann Conring

1606 - 1681 (75 years)

Hermann Conring was a German intellectual. He made significant contributions to the study of medicine, politics and law. Descended from Lutheran clergy on both sides of his family, second-youngest of ten children, Conring showed early promise as a student. During his life as a professor in North Germany, Conring addressed himself first to medicine, producing significant studies on blood circulation, and later in his career addressed himself to politics.

#16994

Tafazzul Husain Kashmiri

1727 - 1801 (74 years)

Tafazzul Husain Khan Kashmiri , also known as Khan-e-Allama, was a Twelver Shia scholar, physicist, and philosopher. He produced an Arabic translation of Sir Isaac Newton's Principia. Some of his descendants who are currently living in Lucknow are Husain Abbas, Asher Husain, Muntazir Abbas, Amaan Ali Abbas, Ali Jafar, Rahbar Abbas, Wasif Abbas, Furqan Abbas, Salman Abbas, Nadeem Abbas, etc.

#16995

Constantine Samuel Rafinesque

Constantine Samuel Rafinesque

1783 - 1840 (57 years)

Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimately settling in Ohio in 1815, where he made notable contributions to botany, zoology, and the study of prehistoric earthworks in North America. He also contributed to the study of ancient Mesoamerican linguistics, in addition to work he had already completed in Europe.

#16996

Arulenus Rusticus

35 - 93 (58 years)

Quintus Junius Arulenus Rusticus was a Roman Senator and a friend and follower of Thrasea Paetus, and like him an ardent admirer of Stoic philosophy. Arulenus Rusticus attained a suffect consulship in the nundinium of September to December 92 with Gaius Julius Silanus as his colleague. He was one of a group of Stoics who opposed the perceived tyranny and autocratic tendencies of certain emperors, known today as the Stoic Opposition.

#16997

Christopher John Bulpitt

#16998

Katharine Gilbert

1886 - 1952 (66 years)

Katharine Everett Gilbert , an American philosopher who studied aesthetics, was one of the first women to be president of the American Philosophical Society. She was also the first female professor at Duke University and, during her lifetime, the only female chairman of a liberal arts department.

#16999

Heber C. Kimball

Heber C. Kimball

1801 - 1868 (67 years)

Heber Chase Kimball was a leader in the early Latter Day Saint movement. He served as one of the original twelve apostles in the early Church of the Latter Day Saints, and as first counselor to Brigham Young in the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints for more than two decades, from 1847 until his death.

#17000

Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi

Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi

1236 - 1311 (75 years)

Qotb al-Din Mahmoud b. Zia al-Din Mas'ud b. Mosleh Shirazi was a 13th-century Persian polymath and poet who made contributions to astronomy, mathematics, medicine, physics, music theory, philosophy and Sufism.

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