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List of the most influential people in Philosophy,

#17401

John Oswald

1701 - 1793 (92 years)

John Oswald was a Scottish philosopher, writer, poet, social critic, vegetarian and revolutionary. Early life Little is known for certain regarding Oswald's early life. He was born between 1755 and 1760 in Edinburgh. His father is said to have been a coffee-house keeper, or a goldsmith. He became a student goldsmith himself. It is said that Oswald learned Latin and Greek without a tutor, and later learned Arabic.

#17402

Şevket Aziz Kansu

1903 - 1983 (80 years)

Şevket Aziz Kansu was a Turkish physician and academic. He specialised in anthropology and archaeology and was the first rector of Ankara University. Education and academic career Kansu was born in Edirne. He studied medicine at Istanbul University, graduating in 1923. In 1927, after completing compulsory government service and working as a medical doctor for two years in Bala, Ankara, he went to Paris to study anthropology. He received a diploma in anthropological sciences from the Sorbonne in 1929.

#17403

Johannes Orth

1847 - 1923 (76 years)

Johannes Orth was a German pathologist born in Wallmerod. He studied medicine at the universities of Heidelberg, Würzburg and Bonn, receiving his habilitation in 1872 while an assistant to Eduard von Rindfleisch at Bonn. Afterwards, he served as an assistant under Rudolf Virchow in Berlin. In 1878 he became a professor at the University of Göttingen, and in 1902, following the death of Virchow, he returned to Berlin as director of the clinic of pathology.

#17404

Sujoy B. Roy

Sujoy Bhushan Roy was an Indian cardiologist and the founder Head of the department of the Cardiology at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi. He was the president of the Cardiological Society of India in 1972. He was known for medical research in cardiology and was reported to have coined the name, Juvenile Rheumatic Stenosis. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1972, for his contributions to medical science.

#17405

Nikolai Korotkov

Nikolai Korotkov

1874 - 1920 (46 years)

Nikolai Sergeyevich Korotkov was a Russian Empire surgeon, a pioneer of 20th-century vascular surgery, and the inventor of auscultatory technique for blood pressure measurement. Biography Nikolai Korotkov was born to a merchant family at 40 Milenskaia Street in Kursk on February 26, 1874. He attended the Kursk Gymnasium . He entered the medical faculty of Kharkiv University in 1893 and transferred to Moscow University in 1895, where he graduated with distinction in 1898. He was appointed resident intern to professor Alexander Bobrov at the surgical clinic of Moscow University.

#17406

Eyvind Mehle

1895 - 1945 (50 years)

Eyvind Mehle was a Norwegian radio personality, media professor and Nazi collaborator. Background He was born as Eyvind Mæhle, but changed his last name in 1930. He was hired in 1925 in Kringkastingsselskapet, the first broadcaster of Norwegian radio. One of his specialities were half-hour lectures in the form of travel descriptions. He later joined the Norwegian Fascist party Nasjonal Samling in its first year of existence, 1933, and served as its press spokesperson for some years.

#17407

James Eights

1798 - 1882 (84 years)

James Eights was an American physician, scientist, and artist. He was born in Albany, New York, the son of physician Jonathan Eights and Alida Wynkoop. James also became a physician and was appointed an examiner at a local engineering school which is now known as Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

#17408

Otto Friedrich Gruppe

1804 - 1876 (72 years)

Otto Friedrich Gruppe was a German philosopher, scholar-poet and philologist who served as secretary of the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin. Poems by Gruppe were set to music by Johannes Brahms, Richard Strauss, Karl Löwe, Elise Schmezer, and Franz Schreker. He rediscovered the cycle of Latin elegies by the Augustan poet Sulpicia and demonstrated their poetic value.

#17409

Christian Ludwig Ideler

Christian Ludwig Ideler

1766 - 1846 (80 years)

Christian Ludwig Ideler was a German chronologist and astronomer. Life He was born in Gross-Brese near Perleberg. His earliest work was the editing in 1794 of an astronomical almanac for the Prussian government. He taught mathematics and mechanics in the school of woods and forests, and also in the military school. In 1821, he became professor at the University of Berlin, and in 1829 became a foreign member of the Institute of France. From 1816 to 1822 he was tutor to the young princes William Frederick and Charles. He died in Berlin on 10 August 1846.

#17410

Solomon Drowne

1753 - 1834 (81 years)

Dr. Solomon Drowne was a prominent American physician, academic and surgeon during the American Revolution and in the history of the fledgling United States. Early life Drowne was born in Providence, Rhode Island in 1753. His father was a merchant and was heavily involved in the civic affairs of the town. The Drowne family was also active in the First Baptist Church in America. Drowne's great-uncle Shem Drowne made the famous grasshopper weather vane atop of Faneuil Hall in Boston. In 1772, Drown witnessed the burning of a British ship in an event known as the Gaspée Affair. The following y...

#17411

Sidney Toler

1874 - 1947 (73 years)

Sidney Toler was an American actor, playwright, and theatre director. The second European-American actor to play the role of Charlie Chan on screen, he is best remembered for his portrayal of the Chinese-American detective in 22 films made between 1938 and 1946. Before becoming Chan, Toler played supporting roles in 50 motion pictures, and was a highly regarded comic actor on the Broadway stage.

#17412

Francesco Piccolomini

1520 - 1604 (84 years)

Francesco Piccolomini was senior chair of natural philosophy at the University of Padua from 1560–1598, moving there from previous professorial positions at the University of Siena, Macerata, and Perugia. His best-known work, Universa philosophia de moribus , systematizes and extends Aristotle's work on ethics and politics. He sparred intellectually with his fellow Aristotelian professor Jacopo Zabarella.

#17413

Wacker von Wackenfels

1550 - 1619 (69 years)

Johannes Matthaeus Wacker von Wackenfels was an active diplomat, scholar and author, with an avid interest in history and philosophy. A follower of Neostoicism, he sought to resolve the doubts he still had about his conversion to Catholicism, according to STUDIA RUDOLPHINA - Bulletin of the Research Center for Visual Arts and Culture in the Age of Rudolf II. He was born in Konstanz in 1550 in a Lutheran Protestant family and studied in Strasbourg, Geneva and Padua. He was supported and promoted by Johannes Crato von Krafftheim, who put his way into the circle of Renaissance humanism in Northern Europe in Breslau.

#17414

Ibn Shaprut

1400 - Present (626 years)

Shem-Tob ben Isaac Shaprut of Tudela was a Spanish Jewish philosopher, physician, and polemicist. He is often confused with the physician Shem-Tob ben Isaac of Tortosa, who lived earlier. He may also be confused with another Ibn Shaprut, Hasdai Ibn Shaprut, who corresponded with the king of the Khazars in the 900's.

#17415

Xu Guangqi

1562 - 1633 (71 years)

Xu Guangqi or Hsü Kuang-ch'i , also known by his baptismal name Paul, was a Chinese agronomist, astronomer, mathematician, politician, and writer during the Ming dynasty. Xu was appointed by the Chinese Emperor in 1629 to be the leader of the ShiXian calendar reform, which he embarked on with the assistance of Jesuits. Xu was a colleague and collaborator of the Italian Jesuits Matteo Ricci and Sabatino de Ursis and assisted their translation of several classic Western texts into Chinese, including part of Euclid's Elements. He was also the author of the Nong Zheng Quan Shu, a treatise on agriculture.

#17416

Alexander Savvas

1907 - 1981 (74 years)

Alexander Savvas was a Greek Professor of Medicine at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Anatomy. He wrote a number of anatomy books and research protocols, and was influential among Greek physicians for his educational method and proficient use of Greek language and medical terminology.

#17417

Alfred Sokołowski

Alfred Sokołowski

1849 - 1924 (75 years)

Alfred Marcin Sokołowski was a Polish pulmonologist and professor of the University of Warsaw. He specialised in the field of Phthisiatry and he was one of the pioneers of modern treatment to diseases of the respiratory system.

#17418

Abul Hasan Hankari

1018 - 1093 (75 years)

Abul Hasan Hankari Abu Al Hasan Ali Bin Mohammad Qureshi Hashmi Hankari Harithi , town of Mosul , died 1st Moharram 486 AH , in Baghdad, was a Muslim mystic also renowned as one of the most influential Muslim scholar, philosopher, theologian and jurist of his time and Sufi based in Hankar.

#17419

Philip Syng Physick

Philip Syng Physick

1768 - 1837 (69 years)

Philip Syng Physick was an American physician and professor born in Philadelphia. He was the first professor of surgery and later of anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania medical school from 1805 to 1831 during which time he was a highly influential teacher. Physick invented a number of surgical devices and techniques including the stomach tube and absorbable sutures. He has been called the "Father of American Surgery."

#17420

Deng Xi

545 BC - 501 BC (44 years)

Deng Xi was a Chinese philosopher and rhetorician who was associated with the Chinese philosophical tradition School of Names. Once a senior official of the Zheng state, and a contemporary of Confucius, he is regarded as China's earliest known lawyer, with clever use of words and language in lawsuits. The Zuo Zhuan and Annals of Lü Buwei critically credit Deng with the authorship of a penal code, the earliest known statute in Chinese criminology entitled the "Bamboo Law". This was developed to take the place of the harsh, more Confucian criminal code developed by the Zheng statesman Zichan.

#17421

Károly Ferenczy

Károly Ferenczy

1862 - 1917 (55 years)

Károly Ferenczy was a Hungarian painter and leading member of the Nagybánya artists' colony. He was among several artists who went to Munich for study in the late nineteenth century, where he attended free classes by the Hungarian painter, Simon Hollósy. Upon his return to Hungary, Ferenczy helped found the artists colony in 1896, and became one of its major figures. Ferenczy is considered the "father of Hungarian impressionism and post-impressionism" and the "founder of modern Hungarian painting".

#17422

Robert Tuttle Morris

1857 - 1945 (88 years)

Robert Tuttle Morris , also known as Bob Morris, was an American surgeon and writer. Life Early life and the call of medicine Robert Tuttle Morris was born in Seymour, Connecticut on May 14, 1857, the eldest of six children. His father was a lawyer, probate judge, and Governor of Connecticut. His mother Eugenia was an author. He attended Hopkins Grammar School in New Haven before studying biology at Cornell University in Ithaca from 1875-1879. As a child he developed an acute interest in nature and animals and continually observed the phenomena of the natural world. While still in high school in New Haven he planned to attend the biology program organised by Dr.

#17423

Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt

1901 - 1988 (87 years)

Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt was a German composer, musicologist, and historian and critic of music. Life Stuckenschmidt was born in Strasbourg. At as early an age as 19, he was the Berlin-based music critic/correspondent for the Prague-based periodical Bohemia, and lived as a freelance music writer in Hamburg, Vienna, Paris, Berlin and Prague, becoming personally acquainted with numerous composers of avant-garde music.

#17424

Claude Aubery

1501 - 1596 (95 years)

Claude Aubery, Claude Auberi or Claudius Alberius Triuncurianus was a French Reformed Protestant physician, philosopher and theologian. His doctrine, close to that of Sebastian Castellio or Andreas Osiander, was called Alberianism.

#17425

Frank Jeremiah Armstrong

1877 - 1946 (69 years)

Frank Jeremiah Armstrong was an American physician who was the first African-American graduate of Cornell College. He was the assistant of Booker T. Washington and later became a physician. He was murdered in his office in 1946, possibly by a burglar after a hospital's narcotics.

#17426

Charles Conrad Abbott

Charles Conrad Abbott

1843 - 1919 (76 years)

Charles Conrad Abbott was an American archaeologist and naturalist. Biography Abbott was born at Trenton, New Jersey, son of Timothy and Susan Abbott; grandson of Joseph and Anne Abbott, and a descendant of John and Anne Abbott, settlers, from England, in New Jersey in 1684. He studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. During the American Civil War, he served as a surgeon in the Union Army. He received his M.D. degree from University of Pennsylvania in 1865, but never entered into the practice of the profession.

#17427

Guillaume Dupuytren

Guillaume Dupuytren

1777 - 1835 (58 years)

Baron Guillaume Dupuytren was a French anatomist and military surgeon. Although he gained much esteem for treating Napoleon Bonaparte's hemorrhoids, he is best known today for his description of Dupuytren's contracture which is named after him and on which he first operated in 1831 and published in The Lancet, in 1834.

#17428

John Charnley

1911 - 1982 (71 years)

Sir John Charnley, was an English orthopaedic surgeon. He pioneered the hip replacement operation, which is now one of the most common operations both in the UK and elsewhere in the world, and created the "Wrightington centre for hip surgery". He also demonstrated the fundamental importance of bony compression in operations to arthrodese joints, in particular the knee, ankle and shoulder.

#17429

Heinrich Schmidt

1874 - 1935 (61 years)

Heinrich Schmidt was a German archivist, naturalist, philosopher, professor and a student of Ernst Haeckel. Early life and education Schmidt was born in Heubach in the German State of Thuringia. From 1890 to 1894 he attended a teacher training school in Hildburghausen and then worked as an elementary school teacher. In 1897 he moved on to scientific training in Jena. He studied there under the financial support of Ernst Haeckel and in 1900 became his private secretary. Since Schmidt lacked formal college training, Haeckel sent him the University of Zurich to study under his former student, Arnold Lang.

#17430

Gaspare Aselli

1581 - 1626 (45 years)

Gaspare Aselli was an Italian physician noted for the discovery of the lacteal vessels of the lymphatic system. Aselli discovered the chylous vessels, and studied systematically the significance of these vascular structures.

#17431

Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick

Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick

1852 - 1937 (85 years)

Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick was a German ophthalmologist who invented the contact lens. He was the nephew of the German physiologist Adolf Eugen Fick, and the son of the German anatomy professor Franz Ludwig Fick.

#17432

George Blewett

1873 - 1912 (39 years)

George John Blewett was a Canadian philosopher and theologian. Biography Born on 9 December 1873, in Yarmouth Township in Elgin County, Ontario, the son of William Blewett, a farmer, and Mary Baker, he was raised on a farm near St. Thomas, Ontario. In 1897, he graduated from Victoria University in the University of Toronto. He studied at the University of Würzburg in 1899 and received a Doctor of Philosophy degree in philosophy in 1900 from Harvard University. He also did postgraduate work at Oxford University and Cambridge University.

#17433

Charles Delucena Meigs

Charles Delucena Meigs

1792 - 1869 (77 years)

Charles Delucena Meigs was an American obstetrician who worked as chair of obstetrics and diseases of women at Jefferson Medical College from 1841 to 1861. He worked as editor of The North American Medical and Surgical Journal and published multiple papers and books on various topics in obstetrics including thrombosis as a cause of sudden death in women during childbirth, diseases of the cervix and postpartum infections. He was a fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia and served as president from 1845 to 1855.

#17434

Fritz Roeber

1851 - 1924 (73 years)

Fritz Roeber was a German illustrator, lithographer and history painter, associated with the Düsseldorfer Malerschule. As Director of the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, he carried out some significant organizational changes.

#17435

Nicolaus Mulerius

Nicolaus Mulerius

1564 - 1630 (66 years)

Nicolaus Mulerius was a professor of medicine and mathematics at the University of Groningen. Education and career Mulerius was born Nicolaas Des Muliers, son of Pierre Des Muliers and Claudia Le Vettre. He grew up in Bruges, where he was taught by Jacobus Cruquius, among others. Mulerius first studied Philology, Philosophy and Theology and from 1582 he also studied Medicine and Mathematics at the University of Leiden, where Lipsius, Vulcanius, Snellius and Heurnius were teachers. In 1589 he married Christina Six and set up practice for 13 years in Harlingen. In 1603 he became leading physician in Groningen, in 1608 he took the position as school master of the Leeuwarden gymnasium.

#17436

George Bacon Wood

George Bacon Wood

1797 - 1879 (82 years)

George Bacon Wood was an American physician, professor, and writer from Pennsylvania. A native of Greenwich, New Jersey, Wood was educated at the University of Pennsylvania, from which he received his medical degree in 1818. Four years later he became professor of chemistry in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, and in 1821 took the chair of materia medica in the same institution, which he resigned in 1835 to accept the same branch in the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania. In 1850, having been continuously connected with the latter institution in the position mentioned, h...

#17437

Kiyoshi Shiga

1871 - 1957 (86 years)

Kiyoshi Shiga was a Japanese physician and bacteriologist. He had a well-rounded education and career that led to many scientific discoveries. In 1897, Shiga was credited with the discovery and identification of the Shigella dysenteriae microorganism which causes dysentery, and the Shiga toxin which is produced by the bacteria. He conducted research on other diseases such as tuberculosis and trypanosomiasis, and made many advancements in bacteriology and immunology.

#17438

Isaac Nathan ben Kalonymus

Isaac Nathan ben Kalonymus

1350 - 1480 (130 years)

Isaac Nathan ben Kalonymus was a French Jewish philosopher and controversialist. He lived at Arles, perhaps at Avignon also, and in other places in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. He belonged to the well-known Nathan family, which claimed its descent from David; he was probably the grandson of the translator Maestro Bongodas Judah Nathan. According to the statement of Isaac himself, in the introduction to his concordance , he was completely ignorant of the Bible until his fifteenth year, his studies having been restricted to the Talmud and to religious philosophy.

#17439

Luca Ghini

1490 - 1556 (66 years)

Luca Ghini was an Italian physician and botanist, notable as the creator of the first recorded herbarium, as well as the first botanical garden in Europe. Biography Ghini was born in Casalfiumanese, son of a notary, and studied medicine at the University of Bologna. By 1527 he was lecturing there on medicinal plants, and eventually became a professor.

#17440

Walter Serauky

1903 - 1959 (56 years)

Walter Karl August Serauky was a German musicologist and Handel scholar. Life Born in Halle , Serauky, a Lutheran, was the son of an insurance agent and a housewife. After his Abitur in 1922 at the of the Franckesche Stiftungen in Halle, he studied musicology as well as German language and literature, history and philosophy at the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg and the University of Leipzig. From 1923 to 1933 he was a member of the Freie Volksbühne. In 1928 he received his doctorate from the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Halle with the dissertation Die musikalische Na...

#17441

Martin Kirschner

Martin Kirschner

1879 - 1942 (63 years)

Martin Kirschner was a German surgeon. Kirschner was born in Breslau, the son of Margarethe Kalbeck and Judge Martin Kirschner , who later served as city councillor of Breslau since 1873 and a member of the city parliament as of 1879. In 1892, he became burgomaster of Berlin and advanced to its Lord Mayor holding that office between 1899 and 1912.

#17442

Telecles

201 BC - 167 BC (34 years)

Telecles , of Phocis or Phocaea, was the pupil and successor of Lacydes, and was joint leader of the Academy at Athens together with Evander. In the final ten years of Lacydes' life , Evander and Telecles had helped run the Academy due to Lacydes being seriously ill. They continued running the Academy after the death of Lacydes, without formally being elected scholarchs. On Telecles' death in 167/6 BC, Evander remained scholarch for a few more years. Evander himself was succeeded by his pupil Hegesinus. Concerning the opinions and writings of this philosopher nothing is known except that he...

#17443

Antonio Musa Brassavola

Antonio Musa Brassavola

1500 - 1555 (55 years)

Antonio Musa Brassavola was an Italian physician and one of the most famous of his time. He studied under Niccolò Leoniceno and Giovanni Manardo. He was the friend and physician of Ercole II, the duke of Este. He was also the consulting physician of Kings Francis I, Charles V, Henry VIII and Popes Paul III, Leo X, Clement VIII and Julius III. He performed the first successful tracheotomy, and published an account of it in 1546. He was the chair of philosophy in Ferrara and also studied botany and medicine. A genus of orchid, called Brassavola, is named after him.

#17444

Johann Juncker

1679 - 1759 (80 years)

Johann Juncker was a German physician and chemist. Juncker was a leader in the Pietist reform movement as it applied to medicine. He directed the Francke Foundations and initiated approaches to medical practice, charitable treatment, and education at the University of Halle that influenced others internationally. He was a staunch proponent of Georg Ernst Stahl and helped to more clearly present Stahl's phlogiston theory of combustion.

#17445

John White Webster

John White Webster

1793 - 1850 (57 years)

John White Webster was an American professor of chemistry and geology at Harvard Medical College. In 1850, he was convicted of murder in the Parkman–Webster murder case and hanged. Biography Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Webster was well-connected both by family and by profession: his grandfather was a successful merchant; his mother, Hannah Webster, was a Leverett, a member of one of the great Harvard College dynasties, and a descendant of John Leverett, an early governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony; his wife's sister married into the Prescotts, descendants of William Prescott, who commanded patriot troops at the Battle of Bunker Hill, and after whom the town of Prescott was named.

#17446

Tominaga Nakamoto

1715 - 1746 (31 years)

was a Japanese philosopher. He was educated at the Kaitokudō academy founded by members of the mercantile class of Osaka, but was ostracised shortly after the age of 15. Tominaga belonged to a Japanese rationalist school of thought and advocated a Japanese variation of atheism, mukishinron . He was also a merchant in Osaka. Only a few of his works survive; his Setsuhei has been lost and may have been the reason for his separation from the Kaitokudō, and around nine other works' titles are known. The surviving works are his Okina no Fumi , Shutsujō Gogo , and three other works on ancient music...

#17447

Salvador Zubirán

1898 - 1998 (100 years)

Salvador Zubirán Anchondo was one of Mexico's most prominent physicians and nutritionists. Biography He received his MD from the National University of Mexico Faculty of Medicine and visited the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, from 1924 to 1925, where he received a diploma.

#17448

Niels Ryberg Finsen

Niels Ryberg Finsen

1860 - 1904 (44 years)

Niels Ryberg Finsen was a Faroese physician and scientist. In 1903, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology "in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science."

#17449

Johann von Dumreicher

Johann von Dumreicher

1815 - 1880 (65 years)

Johann von Dumreicher, full name Johann Heinrich Georg Freiherr Dumreicher von Österreicher , was an Austrian surgeon. He was the father of Armand von Dumreicher , a politician known for educational reforms.

#17450

John Levy

1910 - 1976 (66 years)

John Levy was a British mystic, artist, and musician, best known for translating the works of his guru Sri Atmananda Krishna Menon, Atma Darshan and Atma Niviriti into English. Born into a wealthy aristocratic family, Levy was an expert in Asian folk music, especially that of India. At one point in his life, he gave up his entire fortune and went to live in India with only a loincloth. In India, Levy was a student of V. K. Krishna Menon.

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