The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
Students and researchers now have a fast and reliable way to find influential thinkers from 24 disciplines and 300 sub-disciplines (and growing). If you want to find history’s most influential philsosophers, or the world’s most influential mathematicians currently, now you can.
We also provide custom rankings of people by discipline as well as interviews with influential academics who are currently active.
To use this tool, select the discipline (and optional subdiscipline) relevant to your research, and specify influential academics by history, world, or US. Even results that are counterintuitive are often enlightening (our algorithm always picks up a signal).
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List of the most influential people in Philosophy,
#18051
Frank Harold Cleobury
1892 - 1981 (89 years)
Frank Harold Cleobury was British idealist philosopher and priest. Cleobury was born in London. He joined the British Civil Service in 1908. He studied philosophy and theology and obtained his BA and PhD from University of London. He was a conscientious objector and joined the Friends' Ambulance Unit. In 1950, he retired from public service as a principal in the administrative grade. He became an ordained priest in the Church of England in 1951. He was Rector of Hertingfordbury until his retirement in 1964.
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Erasmus Oswald Schreckenfuchs
1511 - 1579 (68 years)
Erasmus Oswald Schreckenfuchs was an Austrian humanist, astronomer and Hebraist. Life He was born in Merckenstein, near Bad Vöslau in Lower Austria, and studied in Vienna, Ingolstadt and Tübingen. He became a student and friend of Sebastian Münster. Together they translated the Form of the Earth of Abraham bar Hiyya, with work of Elijah ben Abraham Mizrahi.
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Stephen Tuttle
1907 - 1954 (47 years)
Stephen Davidson Tuttle was a musicologist and chairman of the department of music at the University of Virginia , and an associate professor of music at Harvard University . While at Virginia he directed the Virginia Glee Club, and commissioned Randall Thompson to write The Testament of Freedom for the Glee Club in commemoration of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Thomas Jefferson.
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Elizabeth Smith Shortt
1859 - 1949 (90 years)
Elizabeth Smith Shortt was one of the first three women to earn a medical degree in Canada. She was one of the women medical students expelled from Queen's University, Ontario following a hostile backlash from male staff and students at the presence of women in the medical school. Shortt went on to complete her studies at a newly established women's college and practised medicine in Hamilton, Ontario. She was a long-serving and active member of the National Council of Women of Canada and spearheaded a number of public health and women's welfare initiatives.
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Diogenes of Tarsus
200 BC - 160 BC (40 years)
Diogenes of Tarsus was an Epicurean philosopher, who is described by Strabo as a person clever in composing improvised tragedies. He was the author of several works, which, however, are lost. Among them are:Select lectures , which was probably a collection of essays and dissertations.Epitome of Epicurus’ ethical doctrines , of which Diogenes Laërtius quotes the 12th book.On poetical problems , poetical problems which he endeavoured to solve, and which seem to have had special reference to the Homeric poems.
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Ludwig Rehn
1849 - 1930 (81 years)
Ludwig Wilhelm Carl Rehn was a German surgeon. Rehn was born in 1849, in the village of Allendorf, the youngest of five children. After the visiting the convent school in Bad Hersfeld, he studied medicine at the University of Marburg from 1869 to 1874, where he became a member of the student corps Hasso-Nassovia.His current ancestors include Bodo Rehn.
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Rudolf Berlin
1833 - 1897 (64 years)
Rudolf August Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Berlin , also known as Rudolph Berlin, was a German ophthalmologist. Life and work Rudolf Berlin was born to August Berlin , a physician, and his wife Amalie in Friedland . His grandfather, George Ludwig Berlin , had been a mayor of that city.
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George Him
1900 - 1982 (82 years)
George Him was a Polish born British designer responsible for a number of notable posters, book illustrations and advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients. Biography Him was born Jerzy Himmelfarb in 1900 to a Polish-Jewish family in Lodz, Poland which was then occupied by the Russian Empire After schooling and further education in Warsaw Him studied Roman Law in Moscow but left in 1917 when the Russian Revolution forced the closure of the university he was attending. He moved to Bonn and by 1924 had completed a PhD at the University of Bonn on the comparative history of religions before deciding to study graphic art in Leipzig.
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Abraham Cornelius Benjamin
1897 - 1968 (71 years)
Abraham Cornelius Benjamin was an American philosopher of science who taught at University of Chicago and University of Missouri. A. C. Benjamin was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He attended the University of Michigan, graduating with a B.A. in 1920. Continuing there, he studied "the logical atomism of Bertrand Russell", submitted his thesis on the topic, graduating Ph.D. in 1924.
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Euthymius the Athonite
955 - 1028 (73 years)
Euthymius the Athonite was a Georgian monk, philosopher and scholar, who is venerated as a saint. His feast day in the Orthodox Church is May 13. Euthymius was a Georgian, the ethnonym used by the Byzantines as Iberian, that came from the Kingdom of the Iberians. The son of John the Iberian and nephew of the Tornike Eristavi, Euthymius was taken as a political hostage to Constantinople but was later released and became a monk joining the Great Lavra of Athanasios on Mount Athos. He subsequently became the leader of the Georgian Iviron monastery, which had been founded by his father, and emerged as one of the finest Eastern Christian theologians and scholars of his age.
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Kurt Roesch
1905 - 1984 (79 years)
Kurt Ferdinand Roesch was a German born American painter. Biography Roesch was born on December 12, 1905 in Berlin and studied painting with the expressionist Karl Hofer. Roesch immigrated to the United States in 1933, living first in Katonah, New York, and then in New Canaan, Connecticut. He taught at Sarah Lawrence College from 1934 to 1972, and died October 8, 1984, at his home in New Canaan.
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Ferdinand Keller
1842 - 1922 (80 years)
Ferdinand Keller, or von Keller was a German genre and history painter. Life He was born in Karlsruhe to the family of a civil engineer. In 1857, when he was fifteen, his father was awarded a contract to design bridges, roads and dams in Brazil. Ferdinand and his brother Franz were able to accompany him. Over the course of a four-year stay, he was able to teach himself drawing by sketching the tropical landscape. Shortly after their return, he enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe, where he studied with Johann Wilhelm Schirmer, the former Director of the Academy. After Schirmer's de...
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Blasius Merrem
1761 - 1824 (63 years)
Blasius Merrem was a German naturalist, zoologist, ornithologist, mathematician, and herpetologist. In 1804, he became the professor of political economy and botany at the University of Marburg. Early life Merrem was born at Bremen, and studied at the University of Göttingen under Johann Friedrich Blumenbach. He developed an interest in zoology, particularly ornithology.
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Felix Pollak
1909 - 1987 (78 years)
Felix Pollak was an American librarian, translator, and poet. Pollak was born in Vienna, Austria, in 1909 to Geza Pollak and Helene Schneider Pollak. A Jew and liberal anti-fascist, he studied law and theater at the University of Vienna before emigrating to the United States in 1938 following the annexation of Austria by the Third Reich. He briefly worked as a door-to-door salesman in New York City before enrolling at the University of Buffalo, where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in library science in 1941.
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Lambertus de Monte
1430 - 1499 (69 years)
Lambertus de Monte, also Lambertus de Monte Domini or Lambert of Cologne , was a medieval scholastic and Thomist. Originally from 's-Heerenberg , he went to the University of Cologne in 1450, where he was taught by his uncle Gerhardus de Monte, and received his Master of Arts in 1454, holding an arts professorship there from 1455 until 1473, when he became a doctor of theology. He then taught in the faculty of theology until his death.
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William Howard Brett
1846 - 1918 (72 years)
William Howard Brett was head librarian for the Cleveland Public Library from 1884 to 1918. American Libraries described him as one of the "100 most important leaders had in the 20th century" His efforts to provide lifelong learning was the basis for the Cleveland Public Library to be recognized as the "People's University."
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Jonathan Dymond
1796 - 1828 (32 years)
Jonathan Dymond was an English Quaker and an ethical philosopher who is known for his monograph An Enquiry into the Accordancy of War with the Principles of Christianity. Life Jonathan Dymond was the son of a Quaker linen-draper of Exeter, County Devon in England. Both his parents were 'Recorded Ministers' of the Society of Friends. He had little formal education but used his time off from working in his father's shop to read and to write essays on religious and moral problems, as well as composing poetry. He determined that he should devote his energies to 'the honour of advocating peace'. In his view war was "an evil before which, in my estimation, slavery sinks into insignificance".
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Georg Richard Lewin
1820 - 1896 (76 years)
Georg Richard Lewin was a German dermatologist. Biography He was born in Sondershausen and died in Berlin. He was educated at the universities of Halle and Berlin, graduating as doctor of medicine in 1845. After a postgraduate course at the universities of Vienna, Würzburg, and Paris he settled in Berlin, where he practised as a specialist first in otology, and later in dermatology and syphilis. In 1862 Lewin was admitted to the medical faculty of his alma mater as privat-docent in otology. In 1865 he became chief physician in the department of dermatology and syphilis at the Charité Hospital...
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Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare Corti
1822 - 1876 (54 years)
Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare Corti was an Italian anatomist. He born at Gambarana, near Pavia in 1822. Education A famous friend of Corti's father, Antonio Scarpa, may have kindled his boyhood interest in anatomy and medicine. As a medical student he enrolled first at the University of Pavia. Corti's favorite study there was microanatomy with Bartolomeo Panizza and Mario Rusconi. In 1845, against paternal wishes, Corti moved to Vienna to complete his medical studies and to work in the anatomical institute of Joseph Hirtl. There he received the degree in medicine in 1847 under the supervision of pr...
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Johann Nestroy
1801 - 1862 (61 years)
Johann Nepomuk Eduard Ambrosius Nestroy was a singer, actor and playwright in the popular Austrian tradition of the Biedermeier period and its immediate aftermath. He participated in the 1848 revolutions and his work reflects the new liberal spirit then spreading throughout Europe.
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Johann Jakob Bernhardi
1774 - 1850 (76 years)
Johann Jakob Bernhardi was a German doctor and botanist. Biography Johann J. Bernhardi studied Medicine and Botany at the University of Erfurt, and after graduation practiced medicine for a time in his native city. In 1799 he was named director of the botanical garden at Gartenstraße, and in 1809 was appointed professor of botany, zoology, mineralogy and materia medica at the university. He served as director of the botanical garden until his death in 1850, being buried in the central avenue of this botanical garden.
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Ahamed Muhyudheen Noorishah Jeelani
1915 - 1990 (75 years)
Sheikh Noor Ul Mashaikh Sayyid Ahmed Muhiyuddin Jeelani NooriShah Arabic: , known more commonly as NooriShah Jeelani, was a renowned 20th-century muslim, sufi, wali, mystic, orator, faqeeh, theologian, mujaddid and highly acclaimed Islamic scholar of the Qadri, Chisti order from the Indian sub continent. He was the 21st grand son of the famous Sufi saint Ghous-e-Azam Sheikh Mohiyudheen Abdul Qadir Jilani of Baghdad. He was also widely known by his title Noor-ul-Mashaikh. He was the Eponymous founder of the Silsila-e-Nooriya tariqa which is a sub-branch of Qadiriyya and Chistiyya in India.
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Muhammad Amkanagi
#18074
Darwish Muhammad
Khwaja Darwish Muhammad famous Sufi of Naqshbandī Sufi order . He was the nephew of Khwaja Muhammad Zahid Wakhshi.Khwaja Darwish Muhammad died on 1562 AD in Kitab, Uzbekistan, 100 km from Samarkand in the Shakhrisabz region of Uzbekistan. He passed his spiritual order to his son, Khwaja Muhammad Amkanagi. His shrine is in Kitab, Uzbekistan.
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Sir Thomas Barlow, 1st Baronet
1845 - 1945 (100 years)
Sir Thomas Barlow, 1st Baronet, was a British royal physician, known for his research on infantile scurvy. Early life Barlow was the son of a Lancashire cotton manufacturer and Mayor of Bolton, James Barlow . The family were well known as philanthropists in their home village of Edgworth, Lancashire where they funded charities connected with the Methodist church including the Children's Home.
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John K. Frost
1922 - 1990 (68 years)
John Kingsbury Frost was an American physician specializing in the field of cytopathology - the microscopic study of individual body cells to detect cancer and other diseases. The first area of the body to be studied in this way was the female genital tract, using the Pap smear invented by Georgios Papanikolaou. Frost and other physicians expanded the field to allow for cytopathologic evaluation of the lung, bladder, and many other body sites. Frost was best known as a teacher of cytopathology. He organized and directed a school of cytotechnology and created and led a postgraduate Institute t...
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Al-Mubashshir ibn Fatik
1019 - 1097 (78 years)
Abu al-Wafa' al-Mubashshir ibn Fatik was an Arab philosopher and scholar well versed in the mathematical sciences and also wrote on logic and medicine. He was born in Damascus but lived mainly in Egypt during the 11th century Fatimid Caliphate. He also wrote an historical chronicle of the reign of al-Mustansir Billah. However, the book he is famed for and the only one extant, Kitāb mukhtār al-ḥikam wa-maḥāsin al-kalim , the "Selected Maxims and Aphorisms", is a collection of sayings attributed to the ancient sages translated into Arabic. The date of composition given by the author is 1048–...
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Franz Ignaz Oefele
1721 - 1797 (76 years)
Franz Ignaz Oefele was a German painter, etcher, and miniaturist. His name is sometimes spelled "Öffele" and is occasionally seen as "Oeffele-Piekarski", for reasons unknown. Life His father was a watchmaker from Bavaria, who died before Oefele was a year old, so he was raised by an uncle in Landsberg am Lech who operated a brewery. There, apparently having displayed some artistic inclinations, he took lessons from a local painter, then went on to Ingolstadt, where he studied with and, finally, to Augsburg for lessons with Gottfried Bernhard Göz. He then went to work for Balthasar Augustin Albrecht, the Bavarian court painter.
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Albert Döderlein
1860 - 1941 (81 years)
Albert Sigmund Gustav Döderlein was a German obstetrician and gynecologist. He was the father of gynecologist Gustav Döderlein. Biography He studied medicine at the University of Erlangen, and from 1893 to 1897 was an associate professor of gynecology and obstetrics at the University of Leipzig. Afterwards, he was a full professor at the Universities of Groningen , Tübingen and Munich .
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Marion Murdoch
1849 - 1943 (94 years)
Marion Murdoch was an American minister in Iowa. Murdoch was said to be the first woman in America to receive the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. Early years and education Murdoch was born in Garnavillo, Iowa, October 9, 1849. Her father, Judge Samuel Murdoch, was the last living member of the Territorial legislature of Iowa. He had been a member of the state legislature and judge of the district court. Her mother had come from New York in 1837. Murdoch's early life was spent in outdoor pursuits, developing in her that love of nature and desire for a life of freedom for women. Of the family o...
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William Allen
1770 - 1843 (73 years)
William Allen was an English scientist and philanthropist who opposed slavery and engaged in schemes of social and penal improvement in early 19th-century England. Early life Allen was born in 1770, the eldest son in the Quaker family of Job Allen , a silk manufacturer, and his wife Margaret Stafford . He was educated at a Quaker school in Rochester, Kent, and then went into his father's business. As a young man in the 1790s, he became interested in science. He attended meetings of scientific societies, including lectures at St. Thomas's Hospital and Guy's Hospital, becoming a member of the Chemical Society of the latter establishment.
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Sethus Calvisius
1556 - 1615 (59 years)
Sethus Calvisius or Setho Calvisio, originally Seth Kalwitz , was a German music theorist, composer, chronologer, astronomer, and teacher of the late Renaissance. Biography He was born into a peasant family at Gorsleben in present-day Thuringia. By the exercise of his musical talents he earned money enough for the start, at Helmstedt, of a university career, which the aid of a wealthy patron enabled him to continue at Leipzig. He became director of the music-school at Pforta in 1572. In 1594 he was transferred to Leipzig in the same post, including directing the Thomanerchor at the Thomaskirche.
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Nikolaus Eglinger
1645 - 1711 (66 years)
Nikolaus Eglinger was a Swiss physician, based in Basel. Eglinger studied medicine at the University of Basel under Emmanuel Stupanus and Johann Bauhin. He produced a dissertation in 1661. In 1690, Johann Bernoulli produced his dissertation under the supervision of Eglinger.
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Alfred Whitehead
1887 - 1974 (87 years)
Alfred Ernest Whitehead was an English-born Canadian composer, organist, choirmaster, music educator, painter, whose works are held in a number of important private collections, and an internationally recognized authority in the field of philately. His The Squared-Circle Cancellations of Canada received its third edition shortly after his death.
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Kate Isabel Campbell
1899 - 1986 (87 years)
Dame Kate Isabel Campbell, DBE, FRCOG was a noted Australian physician and paediatrician. Campbell's discovery, that blindness in premature babies was caused by high concentrations of oxygen, resulted in the alteration of the treatment of premature babies world-wide and for this she received global recognition.
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Claudius Maximus
200 - 200 (0 years)
Gaius Claudius Maximus was a Roman politician, a Stoic philosopher and a teacher of Marcus Aurelius. No works by him are known to exist; however, he is mentioned in a few prestigious works from classical literature.
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Jacob van Schuppen
1670 - 1751 (81 years)
Jacob van Schuppen was a French-Austrian painter who was known for his portraits, history paintings and genre scenes. He was court painter in Vienna. Biography Jacob van Schuppen was born in Fontainebleau, France, as the son of Elisabeth de Mesmaker and the Flemish painter-engraver Pieter van Schuppen, who was originally from Antwerp. He worked in the Netherlands before moving to Vienna. He was taught to paint by his father and his uncle Nicolas de Largillière.
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John Redman Coxe
1773 - 1864 (91 years)
John Redman Coxe was a physician and professor of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Early life and education Born in Trenton, New Jersey, Coxe, was reportedly descended from a long line of medical and surgical ancestors, several of whom, at different periods, were physicians to the kings and queens of England. He was educated under the care of his European-educated grandfather, Dr. John Redman, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Jan Stussy
1921 - 1990 (69 years)
Jan Stussy was an American artist, film producer, and professor. He was a professor emeritus from the University of California, Los Angeles , he taught there for 42 years. He was awarded an Academy Award for the documentary film, Gravity Is My Enemy . Stussy was a prolific painter and printmaker.
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Josef Ignaz Mildorfer
1719 - 1775 (56 years)
Josef Ignaz Mildorfer , was an Austrian painter. Biography Mildorfer was born in Innsbruck, and was initially trained by his father Michael Ignaz Mildorfer. He later apprenticed with Paul Troger. In 1745 Mildorfer became a member of the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, and starting in 1751 taught as a professor of painting. That same year he was appointed court painter to Princess Eleonora of Savoy, where he was commissioned to paint frescoes for the Menagerie Pavilion at Schönbrunn. Mildorfer primarily painted religious-themed altarpieces and frescoes.
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Martin Bernhardt
1844 - 1915 (71 years)
Martin Bernhardt was a German neuropathologist. Bernhardt was a native of Potsdam. His family was Jewish. In 1867 he received his medical doctorate at the University of Berlin, where he was a student of Rudolf Virchow and Ludwig Traube . Subsequently, he became an assistant to Ernst Viktor von Leyden at the university clinic at Königsberg, and afterwards worked at the Berlin-Charité under Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal . After military service in the Franco-Prussian War, he returned to Berlin as a specialist in neuropathology, and in 1882 attained the title of "professor extraordinarius".
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Ben Webster
1864 - 1947 (83 years)
Benjamin Webster was an English actor, the husband of the actress May Whitty, and father of the actress and director Margaret Webster. After a long career on the English stage, Webster, together with his wife, moved to Hollywood, where they made numerous films in their later years.
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Henry of Harclay
1270 - 1317 (47 years)
Henry Harclay was an English medieval philosopher and university chancellor. Biography Harclay was born in the Diocese of Carlisle near the English and Scottish borders. Harclay's family descended from "an old but minor knightly family" of modest origins that gave them their surname Harclay from Hartley; the family name had "considerable variation in the spelling… including: Herkeley, Harkeley, Archilay, Harcla, [etc.]" . Harclay had one sister and six brothers; one of which also brings celebrity to the family name. Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle was a controversial figure in his time ...
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Jacob of Mies
1372 - 1429 (57 years)
Jacob of Mies was a Czech reformer from the Kingdom of Bohemia and colleague of Jan Hus. Life Jacob was born in 1372 in Stříbro near Pilsen in Bohemia . He studied at the University of Prague, receiving both bachelor's and the master's degrees in theology, and became pastor of the Church of St. Michael and an outspoken supporter of Jan Hus.
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Ernest Septimus Reynolds
1861 - 1926 (65 years)
Ernest Septimus Reynolds FRCP was emeritus professor of clinical medicine at the University of Manchester. In 1900 he wrote "An Epidemic of Peripheral Neuritis Amongst Beer Drinkers in Manchester and District" for the British Medical Journal, the first of a series of papers which caused a national sensation when they revealed the presence of dangerous levels of arsenic in local beer.
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Eduard Zuckmayer
1890 - 1972 (82 years)
Eduard Zuckmayer was a German music educator, composer, conductor and pianist. He was the older brother of the famous German writer Carl Zuckmayer . Family and Youth He was the first son of wealthy factory owner Carl Zuckmayer who produced tamper-evident lids for wine bottles in Nackenheim, a wine-growing village on the Rhine front. The parents of his mother, Amalie Zuckmayer , were converted from Judaism to Protestantism whereas he was raised as a Catholic.
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Edward Christopher Williams
1871 - 1929 (58 years)
Edward Christopher Williams was the first African-American professionally trained librarian in the United States. His sudden death in 1929 ended his career the year he was expected to receive the first Ph.D. in librarianship. Williams was born on February 11, 1871, in Cleveland, Ohio, to an African-American father and an Irish mother. Upon his graduation with distinction from Adelbert College of Western Reserve University in 1892, he was appointed Assistant Librarian of Hatch Library at WRU. Two years later, he was promoted to librarian of Hatch Library until 1909, when he resigned to assume the responsibility of the Principal of M Street High School in Washington, D.C.
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David White Finlay
1840 - 1923 (83 years)
David White Finlay FRSE FRCP was a Scottish physician and yachtsman. He was Regius Professor of Medicine at Aberdeen University 1891 to 1912. He was Honorary Physician to the King in Scotland to both King Edward VII and King George V.
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Friedrich Karl Kasimir von Creutz
1724 - 1770 (46 years)
Friedrich Karl Kasimir von Creutz was a German poet, philosopher, writer and politician. He was born in Bad Homburg, where he also died, and was a councillor and ally of Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg.
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Oskar Kaul
1885 - 1968 (83 years)
Hermann Friedrich Oskar Kaul was a German musicologist and professor at the University of Würzburg. Life Kaul was born in 1885 as the son of the chemist Alexander Kaul and Clara Hoffmanns in Upper Bavaria, Bruckmühl community. After elementary school he attended a Humanistisches Gymnasium in Cologne, then in 1905 he went to study music at the Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln there. Among others, he was student of Max van de Sandt, Lazzaro Uzielli, Fritz Steinbach, Ewald Straeßer and Waldemar von Baußnern. At the same time he studied German literature and philosophy at the University of Bonn.
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