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List of the most influential people in Philosophy,

#18151

Felix Lewandowsky

1879 - 1921 (42 years)

Felix Lewandowsky was a German dermatologist. Biography In 1902, he earned his doctorate at the University of Strassburg. From 1903 to 1907, he worked at the dermatological clinic in Bern, where he served as an assistant to Josef Jadassohn . Afterwards, he returned to his hometown of Hamburg, where he worked in dermatologist Eduard Arning’s department at St. Georg's Hospital. In 1917, he was appointed director of the dermatological clinic at Basel. While at Basel, he was the author of works on leprosy.

#18152

A. A. Luce

1882 - 1977 (95 years)

Arthur Aston Luce was professor of philosophy at Trinity College Dublin, and also Precentor of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin . Luce held many clerical appointments, including Vice-Provost of Trinity from 1946 to 1952. He was widely known as an authority on the philosopher George Berkeley. His fellowship of Trinity College from 1912 to 1977 is a record.

#18153

Donald Wing

1904 - 1972 (68 years)

Donald Goddard Wing was an Associate Librarian at Yale University from 1939 to 1970, best known for his publication of the bibliographic work A Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and British America and of the English Books Printed in Other Countries, 1641-1700 , and companion work A Gallery of Ghosts; Books Published Between 1641-1700 Not Found in the Short-Title Catalogue . Wing's Short title catalogue was a continuation of the earlier A Short-Title Catalogue of Books….1475-1640 compiled by Pollard and Redgrave. His Short-Title Catalogue became so ...

#18154

Newton Phelps Stallknecht

1906 - 1981 (75 years)

Newton Phelps Stallknecht was an American philosopher and a professor of comparative literature and philosophy at Indiana University. In addition, he was the Director of the School of Letters at Indiana University from 1953-1972. He also served as a president of the Metaphysical Society of America. Stallknecht was educated at Princeton University, achieving his A.B. in 1927, A.M. in 1928, and Ph.D. in 1930. During World War II, he was attached to the United States Army Security Agency in Washington. His publications cover both philosophy and comparative literature, with a philosophical fo...

#18155

Werner Forssmann

Werner Forssmann

1904 - 1979 (75 years)

Werner Theodor Otto Forßmann was a German researcher and physician from Germany who shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Medicine for developing a procedure that allowed cardiac catheterization. In 1929, he put himself under local anesthesia and inserted a catheter into a vein of his arm. Not knowing if the catheter might pierce a vein, he put his life at risk. Forssmann was nevertheless successful; he safely passed the catheter into his heart.

#18156

Josef Kyrle

1880 - 1926 (46 years)

Josef Kyrle was an Austrian pathologist and dermatologist who was a native of Schärding. He studied medicine at the University of Graz, and afterwards was an assistant to Anton Weichselbaum at the clinic of pathological anatomy at the University of Vienna. In 1907 he was an assistant to Ernst Finger at the dermatology clinic in Vienna, and in 1918 he became an associate professor.

#18157

Rush Rhees

1905 - 1989 (84 years)

Rush Rhees was an American philosopher. He is principally known as a student, friend, and literary executor of the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. With G. E. M. Anscombe he was co-editor of Wittgenstein's posthumous Philosophical Investigations , and, with Anscombe and G. H. von Wright, he co-edited Wittgenstein's Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics . He was solely responsible for the editing of Philosophical Grammar and Philosophical Remarks . Rhees taught philosophy at Swansea University from 1940 until 1966, when he took early retirement to devote more time to editing Wittgenstei...

#18158

Karel Frederik Wenckebach

Karel Frederik Wenckebach

1864 - 1940 (76 years)

Professor, Dr Karel Frederik Wenckebach was a Dutch anatomist who was a native of the Hague. He studied medicine in Utrecht, and in 1901 become a professor of medicine at the University of Groningen. Later he was a professor at the Universities of Strasbourg and Vienna .

#18159

Shinobu Ishihara

Shinobu Ishihara

1879 - 1963 (84 years)

Shinobu Ishihara was a Japanese ophthalmologist who created the Ishihara color test to detect colour blindness. He was an army surgeon. Early life and career Ishihara graduated from medicine in 1905 on a military scholarship and immediately joined the Imperial Japanese Army as a doctor, serving mainly as a surgeon. He later changed specialties to ophthalmology. In 1908 he returned to the University of Tokyo where he dedicated himself to ophthalmic research. In 1910 he became an instructor at the Army Medical College. There, in addition to seeing patients, he conducted research on "battlefield ophthalmology" and how to select superior soldiers.

#18160

Latunde Odeku

1927 - 1974 (47 years)

E. Latunde Odeku was the first Nigerian neurosurgeon trained in the United States who also pioneered neurosurgery in Africa. Early life and education Of Yoruba heritage, Latunde was born in Lagos, Nigeria. His father was a native of Awe while his mother was a Lagosian. He attended Methodist Boys High School, Lagos. and proceeded to Howard University and graduated summa cum laude in Zoology in 1950. He was subsequently awarded a scholarship to study Medicine at Howard University, earning his MD in 1954.

#18161

Alexander Robertson

1908 - 1990 (82 years)

Sir Alexander Robertson was a Scottish veterinarian and administrator. Life Robertson was born on 3 February 1908 in Aberdeen, the youngest and only surviving child of Barbara Minty Strath and Alexander Robertson, a chauffeur and gardener. He was educated at Mackie Academy in Stonehaven.

#18162

Hugo Leichtentritt

1874 - 1951 (77 years)

Hugo Leichtentritt was a German-Jewish musicologist and composer who spent much of his life in the USA. His pupils include composers Leroy Robertson and Erich Walter Sternberg. Early life Leichtentritt was born to a family of Jewish merchants in Pleschen, German Empire. His German father, Gerson Leichtentritt, was a successful distillery owner. His mother, Frances Caroline Wax, was from Boston, Massachusetts. His great-uncle, Hirsch Leichtentritt, had a high social rank among local nobility, and was responsible for the small Leichtentritt family fortune.

#18163

Heinrich Besseler

1900 - 1969 (69 years)

Heinrich Besseler was a German musicologist born in Hörde. He is particularly known for his colossal work, Die Musik des Mittelalters und der Renaissance , which provided a new perspective on historical musicology by taking a history-of-ideas approach to music history.

#18164

Hans Zinsser

1878 - 1940 (62 years)

Hans Zinsser was an American physician, bacteriologist, and prolific author. The author of over 200 books and medical articles, he was also a published poet. Some of his verses were published in The Atlantic Monthly. His 1940 publication, As I Remember Him: the Biography of R.S., won one of the early National Book Awards, the sixth and last annual award for Nonfiction voted by members of the American Booksellers Association.

#18165

Grace de Laguna

Grace de Laguna

1878 - 1978 (100 years)

Grace Mead de Laguna was an American philosopher who taught at Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania. Life Grace Mead Andrus was born on 28 September 1878 in East Berlin, Connecticut. She was the youngest child, and only daughter, of Wallace R. Andrus and Annis Andrus . Both parents were of Connecticut ancestry dating back to the 17th century. Her mother, Annis, had been a school teacher. Her father had served with the 17th Connecticut Volunteers during the Civil War, He would later work as a land agent for the Northern Pacific Railway whilst it was being built. This led to the family moving, wh...

#18166

Max Ratschow

1904 - 1963 (59 years)

Max Ratschow was a German physician who helped establish the specialist discipline of angiology. Education Ratschow studied medicine at Rostock, Freiburg, Vienna, Munich, Berlin, and Breslau between 1924 and 1929. He qualified as a doctor of medicine in 1930 at the University of Breslau, before being awarded his post-doctoral lecturing qualification in 1936 at the Kiel University Institute of Physiology.

#18167

Humphry Rolleston

Humphry Rolleston

1862 - 1944 (82 years)

Sir Humphry Davy Rolleston, 1st Baronet, was a prominent English physician. Rolleston was the son of George Rolleston and Grace Davy, daughter of John Davy and niece of Sir Humphry Davy, Bt . He was educated at Marlborough College, proceeded to St John's College, Cambridge and graduated in Natural Sciences in 1886. After clinical training at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London he qualified MB in 1888 and MD in 1892.

#18168

Edward Ford

1902 - 1986 (84 years)

Colonel Sir Edward Ford, was an Australian soldier, academic and physician. He played an important role in the anti-malaria campaign in the South West Pacific Area during the Second World War, and in preventative medicine in Australia after the war, but is best known for his Bibliography of Australian Medicine.

#18169

Robert B. Hall

1896 - 1975 (79 years)

Robert Burnett Hall , born in Española, New Mexico, was an American geographer known for his work on Japan. He taught for most of his career at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Honors and positions The Japanese government conferred on him the Order of the Rising Sun, and the Order of the Sacred Treasure, the highest decoration granted to a foreigner by Japan. He was one of seven foreign geographers, and the only American, honored by the Silver Medal of the Tokyo Geographical Society. He served in Japan as the representative of the Asia Foundation 1955–1960, and founding director of University of Michigan Center for Japanese Studies, 1947–1957.

#18170

Ralph R. Shaw

1907 - 1972 (65 years)

Ralph Robert Shaw was a librarian, a publisher, and an innovator in library science. In 1999, American Libraries named him one of the "100 Most Important Leaders We Had in the 20th Century". Scarecrow Press Ralph Shaw founded a publishing company called the Scarecrow Press in 1950 in the basement of his Alexandria, Virginia home, “assisted only by his wife Viola”. Shaw wanted to establish a publishing company that would publish scholarly and academic work, unlikely to capture the attention from most companies that were more concerned with making money than the distribution of scholarly ideas.

#18171

Frederick John Teggart

1870 - 1946 (76 years)

Frederick John Teggart was an Irish-American historian and social scientist, known for work on the history of civilizations. Life He was born in Belfast on 9 May 1870, and was educated at Methodist College Belfast and Trinity College, Dublin. He emigrated to the United States and graduated B.A. at Stanford University in 1894. He then worked as a librarian, first at Stanford and then at the Mechanics-Mercantile Library in San Francisco.

#18172

Thomas Okey

1852 - 1935 (83 years)

Thomas Okey was an expert on basket weaving, a translator of Italian, and a writer on art and the topography of architecture and art works in Italy and France. Okey's first experience of the Italian language came when he attended the Extension Lectures at Toynbee Hall in the 1880s.

#18173

Margaret Masterman

1910 - 1986 (76 years)

Margaret Masterman was a British linguist and philosopher, most known for her pioneering work in the field of computational linguistics and especially machine translation. She founded the Cambridge Language Research Unit.

#18174

Hilda D. Oakeley

1867 - 1950 (83 years)

Hilda Diana Oakeley was a British philosopher, educationalist and author. Life and career Hilda Oakeley was born in 1867 in Durham, UK. She was from a privileged upper-middle-class background. Her father, Sir Evelyn Oakeley was a member of a Shropshire gentry family. He and his wife Caroline had five children. In 1878 her father was promoted and the family moved to Manchester. Hilda attended the private Ellerslie Ladies' College. After finishing school she moved to London and independently studied philosophy and psychology. She attended some of the lectures of the philosopher Bernard Bosanqu...

#18175

M. G. Kini

1893 - 1952 (59 years)

Mangalore Gopal Kini , better known as M. G. Kini M.C., M.B., M.Ch., F.R.C.S., was an Indian Orthopedic Surgeon. He was considered by the Indian Orthopedic surgical community as the forerunner of Orthopedic Surgery in India. The "Kini Memorial Oration" has been held by the Indian Orthopaedic Association every year since 1958.

#18176

T.M.P. Mahadevan

1911 - 1983 (72 years)

Telliyavaram Mahadevan Ponnambalam Mahadevan was an Indian writer, philosopher, and Advaita scholar. He was a professor of philosophy at the University of Madras. His doctoral thesis was titled "The Philosophy of Advaita".

#18177

J. A. R. Lenman

1924 - 1985 (61 years)

John Andrew Reginald Lenman FRSE FRCPE was a British neurologist and medical author. Life He was born at Shillong in India in 1924, the son of the Bishop of Bhagalpur. He was educated at the Rudolph Steiner School in London. He then studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, graduating with an MB ChB in 1948. He undertook further training under Sir Stanley Davidson and Professor Norman Dott.

#18178

Henry C. Morrison

1871 - 1945 (74 years)

Henry Clinton Morrison was the New Hampshire state superintendent of public instruction from 1904 to 1917, superintendent of University of Chicago Laboratory Schools from 1919 to 1928, professor of education, and an author.

#18179

Charles Frankel

1917 - 1979 (62 years)

Charles Frankel was an American philosopher, Assistant U.S. Secretary of State, professor and founding director of the National Humanities Center. Early life and personal life Born into a Jewish family in New York City, U.S., he was the son of Abraham Philip and Estelle Edith Frankel. After attending Cornell University, Frankel received Bachelor of Arts with honors in English and philosophy from Columbia University in 1937. He then continued his education at the same university, earning a Doctor of Philosophy in 1946. During World War II, Frankel served as lieutenant in the United States Nav...

#18180

James Bissett Pratt

1875 - 1944 (69 years)

James Bissett Pratt held the Mark Hopkins Chair of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy at Williams College. He was president of the American Theological Society from 1934 to 1935. Born in Elmira, New York, Pratt was the only child of Daniel Ransom Pratt and Katharine Graham Murdoch. He had an early appreciation of being read to by his mother, and particularly admired the idealism of Ralph Waldo Emerson in his youth. Pratt graduated from Elmira Free Academy in 1893, then attended Williams College, graduating in 1898.

#18181

Fred Weick

1899 - 1993 (94 years)

Fred Ernest Weick was an airmail pilot, research engineer, and aircraft designer. Working at the NACA, he won the 1929 Collier Trophy for his design of the NACA cowling for radial air-cooled engines. Weick's aircraft designs include the Ercoupe, Piper PA-25 Pawnee, and Cherokee.

#18182

Leo H. Bartemeier

1895 - 1982 (87 years)

Leo Henry Bartemeier was an American physician, psychoanalyst, and educator. He was President of the American Psychiatric Association. Biography Bartemeier was born on September 12, 1895, in Muscatine, Iowa, into a Roman Catholic family. He attended the local parochial school and then enrolled in St. Mary's College , a Jesuit center, and completed two years of college. He learned shorthand and typing when working for the Associated Press. He transferred and completed college at The Catholic University of America in Washington, DC, earning a Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees, following acceptance of his thesis on animal research.

#18183

Lawrence H. Gipson

1880 - 1971 (91 years)

Lawrence Henry Gipson was an American historian, who won the 1950 Bancroft Prize and the 1962 Pulitzer Prize for History for volumes of his magnum opus, the fifteen-volume history of "The British Empire Before the American Revolution", published 1936–70. He was a leader of the "Imperial school" of historians who studied the British Empire from the perspective of London, and generally praised the administrative efficiency and political fairness of the Empire.

#18184

Brand Blanshard

1892 - 1987 (95 years)

Percy Brand Blanshard was an American philosopher known primarily for his defense of reason and rationalism. A powerful polemicist, by all accounts he comported himself with courtesy and grace in philosophical controversies and exemplified the "rational temper" he advocated.

#18185

Ernest Cruickshank

1888 - 1964 (76 years)

Ernest William Henderson Cruickshank FRSE LLD was a Scottish physician and physiologist. He was the author of several textbooks on nutrition. His book Food and Nutrition was an influential best-seller. It looks at the evolution of human diets, protein needs within the body and problems of world malnutrition.

#18186

Percy Moreau Ashburn

1872 - 1940 (68 years)

Percy Moreau Ashburn was a colonel and medical officer in the United States Army. With then Lieutenant Charles Franklin Craig, Ashburn made the link that mosquitoes were involved in the transmission of Dengue fever. As a major, he served as the sixth commanding officer of the Walter Reed General Hospital, and as a colonel, he served as the first commandant of the Medical Field Service School at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania.

#18187

John Crighton Bramwell

1889 - 1976 (87 years)

John Crighton Bramwell was a British cardiologist, professor of medicine, and one of the founders of cardiology as a specialist subject in the UK. Education and career and Martha Crighton, he was education at Cheltenham College, before matriculated in 1907 at Trinity College, Cambridge. There he was influenced by the physiologist Keith Lucas. In 1911 Bramwell started clinical medical training at the Manchester Royal Infirmary. At the start of WWI he joined the 1st East Lancashire Territorial Field Ambulance in Egypt. In 1915 he was granted leave for two months to take his final examination at the University of Manchester, where he graduated MB CHB.

#18188

R. B. Braithwaite

R. B. Braithwaite

1900 - 1990 (90 years)

Richard Bevan Braithwaite was an English philosopher who specialized in the philosophy of science, ethics, and the philosophy of religion. Life Braithwaite was born in Banbury, Oxfordshire, son of the historian of early Quaker history, William Charles Braithwaite. He was educated at Sidcot School, Somerset , and Bootham School, York, 1914–18. As a conscientious objector in the First World War, he served in the Friends' Ambulance Unit.

#18189

Thomas Ferguson

1900 - 1977 (77 years)

Thomas Ferguson FRSE CBE was a Scottish surgeon and Professor of Public Health from 1944 to 1964 at the University of Glasgow. Much of his early writing and philosophy paved the way for the National Health Service in Britain after the Second World War.

#18190

Marvin Farber

1901 - 1980 (79 years)

Marvin Farber was an American philosopher and educator. Early life and education He was born in Buffalo, New York to Jewish parents Simon and Matilda Farber. He was the second oldest of their 14 children. One of his brothers was pathologist and cancer researcher Sidney Farber.

#18191

G. E. Moore

1873 - 1958 (85 years)

George Edward Moore was an English philosopher, who with Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein and earlier Gottlob Frege was among the initiators of analytic philosophy. He and Russell began deemphasizing the idealism which was then prevalent among British philosophers and became known for advocating common-sense concepts and contributing to ethics, epistemology and metaphysics. He was said to have an "exceptional personality and moral character". Ray Monk later dubbed him "the most revered philosopher of his era".

#18192

Michael Mulholland

1900 - Present (126 years)

Michael W. Mulholland is an American surgeon who is Professor of Surgery and the Chairman of the Department of Surgery at the University of Michigan. Biography Mulholland was educated at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois and gained his medical degree from Northwestern University Medical School in Chicago. This was followed by postgraduate training in General Surgery at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, where he also gained his Ph.D. From 1985-1988, Mulholland was an Assistant Professor of Surgery at the University of Washington in Seattle. He joined the faculty at the University of Michigan in 1988.

#18193

Edward Conze

1904 - 1979 (75 years)

Edward Conze, born Eberhard Julius Dietrich Conze was a scholar of Marxism and Buddhism, known primarily for his commentaries and translations of the Prajñāpāramitā literature. Biography Conze's parents, Dr. Ernst Conze and Adele Louise Charlotte Köttgen , both came from families involved in the textile industry in the region of Langenberg, Germany. Ernst had a doctorate in Law and served in the Foreign Office and later as a judge. Conze was born in London while his father was Vice Consul and thus entitled to British citizenship.

#18194

Claude Fortier

1921 - 1986 (65 years)

Claude Fortier was a Canadian physiologist and expert on the pituitary gland. From 1974 to 1975, he was the president of the Royal Society of Canada. Honours In 1970, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada.In 1980, he was awarded the Quebec government's Prix Marie-Victorin.In 1998, he was inducted into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame.

#18195

Mária Telkes

1900 - 1995 (95 years)

Mária Telkes was a Hungarian-American biophysicist and inventor who worked on solar energy technologies. She moved to the United States in 1925 to work as a biophysicist. She became an American citizen in 1937 and started work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to create practical uses of solar energy in 1939.

#18196

Michael Oakeshott

Michael Oakeshott

1901 - 1990 (89 years)

Michael Joseph Oakeshott FBA was an English philosopher and political theorist who wrote about the philosophies of history, religion, aesthetics, education, and law. Biography Early life and education Oakeshott was the son of Joseph Francis Oakeshott, a civil servant and member of the Fabian Society, and Frances Maude, daughter of George Thistle Hellicar, a well-off Islington silk-merchant. Though there is no evidence that he knew her, he was related by marriage to the women's rights activist Grace Oakeshott, and to the economist and social reformer Gilbert Slater.

#18197

George Packer Berry

1898 - 1986 (88 years)

George Packer Berry was an American physician and medical educator. He served as dean of Harvard Medical School for sixteen years and is credited with greatly modernizing that institution's medical education program.

#18198

Pierre Lecomte du Noüy

1883 - 1947 (64 years)

Pierre Lecomte du Noüy was a French biophysicist and philosopher. He is probably best remembered by scientists for his work on the surface tension, and other properties, of liquids. Life and work Du Noüy was a descendant of the French dramatist Pierre Corneille. His mother wrote many novels, one of which, Amitié Amoureuse, was translated into 16 languages and ran for 600 editions in France. Born and educated in France, du Noüy obtained the degrees of LL.B., Ph.B., Sc.B., Ph.D., and Sc.D.

#18199

Bernard Keen

1890 - 1981 (91 years)

Sir Bernard Augustus Keen FRS was a British soil scientist and Fellow of University College London. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1935. Further reading ‘KEEN, Sir Bernard ’, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007 accessed 4 June 2011

#18200

Horace Kallen

1882 - 1974 (92 years)

Horace Meyer Kallen was a German-born American philosopher who supported pluralism and Zionism. Biography Horace Meyer Kallen was born on August 11, 1882, in the town of Bernstadt, Prussian Silesia . His parents were Jacob David Kallen, an Orthodox rabbi, and Esther Rebecca Glazier. In 1887, the family emigrated to the United States. Kallen studied philosophy at Harvard University under George Santayana; in 1903, he received a BA magna cum laude.

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