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List of the most influential people in Philosophy,

#18951

Thomas Erastus

1524 - 1583 (59 years)

Thomas Erastus was a Swiss physician and Calvinist theologian. He wrote 100 theses in which he argued that the sins committed by Christians should be punished by the State, and that the Church should not withhold sacraments as a form of punishment. They were published in 1589, after his death, with the title . His name was later applied to Erastianism.

#18952

Hubert Beckers

1806 - 1889 (83 years)

Hubert Karl Philipp Beckers was a German philosopher known chiefly as an expositor of the philosophy of Schelling. Biography He was born at Munich, and studied at the university there. In 1832 he was appointed professor of philosophy at the Lyceum at Dillingen, and in 1847 professor of philosophy at the University of Munich. In 1853 he became a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences.

#18953

Friedrich Blume

1893 - 1975 (82 years)

Friedrich Blume was professor of musicology at the University of Kiel from 1938 to 1958. He was a student in Munich, Berlin and Leipzig, and taught in the last two of these for some years before being called to the chair in Kiel. His early studies were on Lutheran church music, including several books on J.S. Bach, but broadened his interests considerably later. Among his prominent works were chief editor of the collected Praetorius edition, and he also edited the important Eulenburg scores of the major Mozart Piano Concertos. From 1949 he was involved in the planning and writing of Die Musik...

#18954

Johann Philipp Siebenkees

1759 - 1796 (37 years)

Johann Philipp Siebenkees was a German philosopher. Siebenkees studied theology, philosophy, and philology at the Protestant University of Altdorf. In 1791 he became associate professor of philosophy there, and a full professor of languages in 1795. He also taught archaeology. It has been suggested that he was responsible for the invention of the iron maiden during this period. However, the oldest citation for it in the Oxford English Dictionary is from Johann Georg Keyssler's Travels through Germany, Bohemia, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, and Lorrain - 1st edition, 1756–1757. The quote is v...

#18955

Correa Moylan Walsh

1862 - 1936 (74 years)

Correa Moylan Walsh was an American author. He was an early expert in the field of index numbers. A polymath, he wrote on a wide range of topics: from mathematics, economics, and statistics, on the one hand to philosophy, political science, literature, and philosophy of history, on the other .

#18956

Leonhart Fuchs

1501 - 1566 (65 years)

Leonhart Fuchs , sometimes spelled Leonhard Fuchs and cited in Latin as Leonhartus Fuchsius, was a German physician and botanist. His chief notability is as the author of a large book about plants and their uses as medicines, a herbal, which was first published in 1542 in Latin. It has about 500 accurate and detailed drawings of plants, which were printed from woodcuts. The drawings are the book's most notable advance on its predecessors. Although drawings had been used in other herbal books, Fuchs' book proved and emphasized high-quality drawings as the most telling way to specify what a plan...

#18957

Nathan Birnbaum

Nathan Birnbaum

1864 - 1937 (73 years)

Nathan Birnbaum was an Austrian writer and journalist, Jewish thinker and nationalist. His life had three main phases, representing a progression in his thinking: a Zionist phase ; a Jewish cultural autonomy phase which included the promotion of the Yiddish language; and religious phase when he turned to Orthodox Judaism and became staunchly anti-Zionist.

#18958

Sébastien Basson

1573 - Present (453 years)

Sébastien Basson, Latinized as Sebastianus Basso, was a French physician and natural philosopher of the beginning of the seventeenth century. He was an early theorist of a matter theory based on both atoms and compounds. His natural philosophy draws on several currents of thought, including Italian Renaissance naturalism, alchemy and Calvinist theology. Basson was an atomist, who, independently from Isaac Beeckman, formed the concept of "molecule".

#18959

Takiyettin Mengüşoğlu

1905 - 1984 (79 years)

Takiyettin Mengusoglu was a Turkish philosopher. Mengusoglu was born in Malatya, Turkey. After finishing high school, he went to Germany and became a student of Nicolai Hartmann. He was known as Takiyettin Temuralp at that time and published Über die grenzen der erkennbarkeit bei Husserl und Scheler in German. He is the author of the university level textbook Felsefeye Giriş .

#18960

Peter Mark Roget

Peter Mark Roget

1779 - 1869 (90 years)

Peter Mark Roget was a British physician, natural theologian, lexicographer, and founding secretary of The Portico Library. He is best known for publishing, in 1852, the Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases, a classified collection of related words. He also read a paper to the Royal Society about a peculiar optical illusion in 1824, which is often regarded as the origin of the persistence of vision theory that was later commonly used to explain apparent motion in film and animation.

#18961

Thomé H. Fang

1899 - 1977 (78 years)

Thomé H. Fang was a Chinese philosopher. He was described by Charles A. Moore as the "greatest philosopher of China" and by Vincent Shen as "one of the most creative contemporary Chinese philosophers."

#18962

Willy Ley

1906 - 1969 (63 years)

Willy Otto Oskar Ley was a German and American science writer and proponent of cryptozoology. The crater Ley on the far side of the Moon is named in his honor. Early life and Berlin years Willy Otto Oskar Ley was the son of Julius Otto Ley, a traveling merchant, and Frida May, the daughter of a Lutheran sexton. Ley grew up in his native Berlin during the First World War under the supervision of two aunts. When war erupted his father was in Great Britain. Consequently, he spent the remainder of the war at a detention camp on the Isle of Man. Meanwhile, his mother worked as milliner in a di...

#18963

Patrick Francis Healy

Patrick Francis Healy

1834 - 1910 (76 years)

Patrick Francis Healy was an American Catholic priest and Jesuit who was an influential president of Georgetown University, becoming known as its "second founder". The university's flagship building, Healy Hall, bears his name. Though he considered himself and was largely accepted as White, Healy was posthumously recognized as the first Black American to become a Jesuit, to earn a PhD, and to become the president of a predominantly White university.

#18964

David Baumgardt

1890 - 1963 (73 years)

David Baumgardt was an early 20th-century German Jewish philosopher in the field of philosophical history. He was a professor of philosophy at the University of Berlin. Early life and education Baumgardt was born in Erfurt, German Empire. As a young man he studied at the universities of Freiburg, Vienna, Munich, Heidelberg and Berlin, and served in the military during World War I.

#18965

Erik Ahlman

1892 - 1952 (60 years)

Erik Gustav Ahlman was a Finnish philosopher and linguist. Ahlman initiated his academic career as a classical philologist. Ahlman was born in Turku. He worked as a theoretical science education professor at the Jyväskylä College of Education from 1935 to 1948 and then Professor of Moral Philosophy of the University of Helsinki from 1948–1952. His most important works are Arvojen ja välineiden maailma , Kulttuurin perustekijöitä and Ihmisen probleemi .

#18966

Andreas Jaszlinszky

1715 - 1783 (68 years)

Andreas Jaszlinszky was the Slovak-born author of the early physics textbooks Institutiones physicae pars prima, seu physica generalis and Institutiones physicae pars altera, seu physica particularis .

#18967

Joseph Droz

1773 - 1850 (77 years)

François-Xavier-Joseph Droz was a reactionary French writer on ethics, political science and political economy. Biography He was born at Besançon, where his family had supplied many notable members of the legal profession. Droz's own legal studies led him to Paris in 1792; he arrived the day after the dethronement of King Louis XVI of France, and was present during the massacres of September. On the declaration of war he joined the volunteer battalion of the Doubs, and for the next three years served in the Army of the Rhine. Discharged on health grounds, he obtained a much more congenial pos...

#18968

Henry Aldrich

1647 - 1710 (63 years)

Henry Aldrich was an English theologian, philosopher, architect, and composer. Life Aldrich was educated at Westminster School under Dr Richard Busby. In 1662, he entered Christ Church, Oxford, and in 1689 was made Dean in succession to the Roman Catholic John Massey, who had fled to the Continent. In 1692, he became Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford until 1695. In 1702, he was appointed Rector of Wem in Shropshire, but continued to reside at Oxford, where he died on 14 December 1710. He was buried in Christ Church Cathedral without any memorial, at his own request. However, a medal...

#18969

Léon Dumont

1837 - 1877 (40 years)

Léon Dumont was a French psychologist and philosopher. He influenced William James and is perhaps best known for his treatise on the causes of laughter . Dumont's closing thoughts from the last page of Des causes du rire The miserable beggar said to the King of France, "Thy image is everywhere except in my pocket." One has seen that to laugh is to disarm hate and anger and to extract from some judges indulgence for a sin. In a word, the good joke, applied appropriately to any subject, has the effect of sweetening the deal for us: Ridiculum acri fortius et melius magnus plerumque secat res. - ...

#18970

Gottfried von Hagenau

Gottfried von Hagenau

1270 - 1313 (43 years)

Gottfried von Hagenau was a medieval priest, physician, theologian and poet from Alsace. As his name suggests, he was probably born in Haguenau, before 1275. After having studied medicine and theology in Strasbourg and in Paris, he worked as a headmaster in Basel, Switzerland, before settling as a physician in Strasbourg, where he applied for the post of canon at the St Thomas' Church. He was at first rejected but successfully sued against that decision before the Apostolic Signatura in Rome, and was instated as canon of St Thomas' Church in 1300. He died on 26 September 1313 and is buried in the church, where his ornate Gothic ledger stone is preserved to this day.

#18971

Walter Reed

1851 - 1902 (51 years)

Walter Reed was a U.S. Army physician who in 1901 led the team that confirmed the theory of Cuban doctor Carlos Finlay that yellow fever is transmitted by a particular mosquito species rather than by direct contact. This insight gave impetus to the new fields of epidemiology and biomedicine, and most immediately allowed the resumption and completion of work on the Panama Canal by the United States. Reed followed work started by Finlay and directed by George Miller Sternberg, who has been called the "first U.S. bacteriologist".

#18972

Joseph Franz Molitor

1779 - 1860 (81 years)

Franz Joseph Molitor, or Joseph Franz Molitor was a German writer and philosopher. Life Molitor was born the son of a Kurmainz civil servant. Beginning in 1797, he studied at the University of Mainz and from 1799 at the University of Marburg. He initially studied law but then switched to history and philosophy. He studied the works of Kant, Reinhold, Fichte and Schelling. From 1802, he was co-editor of the short-lived Zeitschrift für eine künftig aufzustellende Rechtswissenschaft nach dem Princip eines transscendentalen Realismus. Under the influence of theosophist Franz Xaver von Baader, h...

#18973

Pierre Lasserre

1867 - 1930 (63 years)

Pierre Lasserre was a French literary critic, journalist and essayist. He became Director of the École des Hautes-Études. He was an agrégé in philosophy, contemporary with Henri Vaugeois and Louis Dimier. As a young man he was a strong nationalist and anti-Dreyfusard. He was the leading literary critic of Action française and the author of the first work on Charles Maurras. Along with Georges Valois, Lasserre was one of the first to work to incorporate Nietzschean themes into neoroyalism.

#18974

K. J. Popma

1903 - 1986 (83 years)

Klaas Johan Popma was one of the second generation of reformational philosophers arising from the Free University in Amsterdam, after the first generation of Herman Dooyeweerd and D. H. Th. Vollenhoven. Other second generationers were: Hendrik Van Riessen, S. U. Zuidema and J. P. A. Mekkes.

#18975

Sebastian Petrycy

Sebastian Petrycy

1554 - 1626 (72 years)

Sebastian Petrycy of Pilzno , in Latin known as Sebastianus Petricius, was a Polish philosopher and physician. He lectured and published notable works in the field of medicine but is principally remembered for his masterly Polish translations of philosophical works by Aristotle and for his commentaries to them. Petrycy made major contributions to nascent Polish philosophical terminology.

#18976

Anselm Feuerbach

Anselm Feuerbach

1829 - 1881 (52 years)

Anselm Feuerbach was a German painter. He was the leading neoclassical painter of the German 19th-century school. Biography Early life Feuerbach was born at Speyer, the son of the archaeologist Joseph Anselm Feuerbach and the grandson of the legal scholar Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach. The house of his birth is now a small museum.

#18977

Adolf Lasson

1832 - 1917 (85 years)

Adolf Lasson was a German Jewish philosophical writer, strident Prussianist, and the father of Georg Lasson. Biography Born into a Jewish family, converted to Christianity, changing name from 'Lazarussohn.'He was educated at the Gymnasium Carolinum, Neu-Strelitz, and the University of Berlin . In 1858 he became teacher at the Friedrichsgymnasium, and from 1859 to 1897 he occupied the same position at the Louisenstädtisches Real-Gymnasium. In 1861 he took the Ph.D. degree at Leipzig University, and in 1877 became privatdozent in philosophy at Berlin University. Since 1874 he lectured on the history of German literature at the Viktoria Lyceum.

#18978

Edgar Bauer

1820 - 1886 (66 years)

Edgar Bauer was a German political philosopher and a member of the Young Hegelians. He was the younger brother of Bruno Bauer. According to Lawrence S. Stepelevich, Edgar Bauer was the most anarchistic of the Young Hegelians, and "...it is possible to discern, in the early writings of Edgar Bauer, the theoretical justification of political terrorism." German anarchists such as Max Nettlau and Gustav Landauer credited Edgar Bauer with founding the anarchist tradition in Germany. In the mid-1840s, Marx' and Engels' critique of the Bauer brothers marked the beginning of their collaboration and an important stage in the development of Marxist thought.

#18979

Yvonne Picard

1920 - 1943 (23 years)

Yvonne Picard was a French philosopher and a member of the French Resistance during the Second World War. She and her brother, the historian Gilbert Charles-Picard, were the children of the archaeologist Charles Picard.

#18980

Klement Jug

1898 - 1924 (26 years)

Klement Jug was a Slovene philosopher, essayist and mountaineer who died while climbing Mount Triglav. Although he did not publish many works during his lifetime, he became one of the most influential thinkers of the younger generations of Slovenian intellectuals in the interwar period.

#18981

Georg Perthes

1869 - 1927 (58 years)

Georg Clemens Perthes was a German surgeon and X-ray diagnostic pioneer. Biography Perthes was born in Moers, Kingdom of Prussia. In 1891 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Bonn, and later was a surgeon in Bonn and Leipzig where he worked with Friedrich Trendelenburg . In 1910 he succeeded Paul von Bruns as head of the surgical clinic at Tübingen. In 1900–01 he was a military surgeon at the German colonial seaport of Qingdao .

#18982

Kazimierz Stabrowski

Kazimierz Stabrowski

1869 - 1929 (60 years)

Kazimierz Stabrowski was a Polish painter, and director of the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. He also founded the first lodges of the Theosophical Society in Poland. Biography Kazimierz Stabrowski came from a Polish landed gentry family. His father Antoni was a military in the Russian Army and his mother Zofia Pilecka came from a rich Polish family.

#18983

Rufus Cole

1872 - 1966 (94 years)

Rufus Cole was an American medical doctor and the first director of the Rockefeller University Hospital. Under his leadership significant advances in treatment of bacterial pneumonia and later against tuberculosis were made. In 1912 Cole and Alphonse Dochez developed a serum against Type 1 pneumococcus and also developed a method for testing whether an infection is caused by this or some other type of the bacterium. The New York Times in its obituary for Cole called him "a pioneer in clinical medicine" and "an authority on lobar pneumonia". The New York Times also wrote in the same obituary t...

#18984

James Elliot Cabot

James Elliot Cabot

1821 - 1903 (82 years)

James Elliot Cabot was an American philosopher and author, born in Boston to Samuel Cabot Jr., and Eliza Cabot. Education and career Having received his bachelor's degree from Harvard Law School in 1845, Elliot started a law firm.

#18985

Johann Christoph Schwab

Johann Christoph Schwab

1743 - 1821 (78 years)

Johann Christoph Schwab was a Württemberg philosopher. Life Johann Christoph Schwab was born in Ilsfeld, a small country town in the hills north of Stuttgart. His father was an accountant employed in the public service.

#18986

Józef Gołuchowski

Józef Gołuchowski

1797 - 1858 (61 years)

Józef Wojciech Gołuchowski was a Polish philosopher. Gołuchowski, a professor at Vilnius University, was co-creator of the Polish Romanticist "national philosophy." He preached the concept of the nation as a creation of God, with a peculiar "national spirit," that realized the ideal of a hierarchical society in which each individual is a necessary fragment of the whole. He opposed 18th-century materialist philosophy from an irrationalist position. In the theory of knowledge, he preached the primacy of feeling and intuition over reason.

#18987

Matteo Liberatore

1810 - 1892 (82 years)

Matteo Liberatore, SJ was an Italian Jesuit philosopher, theologian, and writer. He helped popularize the Jesuit periodical Civiltà Cattolica in close collaboration with the papacy in the last half of the 19th century.

#18988

J. W. N. Sullivan

1886 - 1937 (51 years)

John William Navin Sullivan was an English popular science writer and literary journalist, and the author of a study of Beethoven. He wrote some of the earliest non-technical accounts of Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, and was known personally to many important writers in London in the 1920s, including Aldous Huxley, John Middleton Murry, Wyndham Lewis, Aleister Crowley and T. S. Eliot.

#18989

Julio Ugarte y Ugarte

1890 - 1949 (59 years)

Julio Ugarte y Ugarte was a Peruvian writer and founder of the Society of Transcendental Philosophy in Brazil. Personal life Julio Ugarte y Ugarte was born in Lima, the son of Luis Ugarte and Fidelia Rosa Ugarte.

#18990

Henry Calderwood

1830 - 1897 (67 years)

Rev Henry Calderwood FRSE LLD was a Scottish minister and philosopher. Life He was born in Peebles on 10 May 1830, the son of William Calderwood, a corn merchant, and his wife Elizabeth Mitchell. He was educated at the Edinburgh Institution and then the High School in Edinburgh, and later attended University of Edinburgh. He studied for the ministry of the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland, and in 1856 was ordained pastor of the Greyfriars church, Glasgow. He also examined in mental philosophy for the University of Glasgow from 1861 to 1864, and from 1866 conducted the moral philosophy c...

#18991

Zera Yacob

1599 - 1692 (93 years)

Zera Yacob was an Ethiopian philosopher from the city of Aksum in the 17th century. His 1667 treatise, developed around 1630 and known in the original Ge'ez language as the Hatata , has been compared to René Descartes' Discours de la méthode .

#18992

Charles Edward Garman

Charles Edward Garman

1850 - 1907 (57 years)

Charles Edward Garman was a professor of philosophy at Amherst College. He taught pupils such as Calvin Coolidge and Robert S. Woodworth. He is credited with influencing Woodworth towards a career in psychology.

#18993

Athenodoros Cordylion

50 BC - 1 BC (49 years)

Athenodoros Cordylion was a Stoic philosopher, born in Tarsus. He was the keeper of the library at Pergamon, where he was known to cut out passages from books on Stoic philosophy if he disagreed with them:

#18994

Dardanus of Athens

160 BC - 85 BC (75 years)

Dardanus was a Stoic philosopher, who lived c. 160 – c. 85 BC. He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon and Antipater of Tarsus. Cicero mentions him as being one of the leaders of the Stoic school at Athens together with Mnesarchus at a time when Antiochus of Ascalon was turning away from scepticism . After the death of Panaetius , the Stoic school at Athens seems to have fragmented, and Dardanus was probably one of several leading Stoics teaching in this era.

#18995

Boethus of Sidon

200 BC - Present (2226 years)

Boethus was a Stoic philosopher from Sidon, and a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon. Philosophy He is said to have denied, contrary to the standard Stoic view, that the cosmos is an animate being, and he suggested that it was not the whole world which was divine, but only the ether or sphere of the fixed stars. He argued that the world was eternal, in particular, he rejected the Stoic conflagration because god or the World-Soul would be inactive during it, whereas it exercises Divine Providence in the actual world.

#18996

Francisco Elías de Tejada y Spínola

1917 - 1978 (61 years)

Francisco Elías de Tejada y Spínola Gómez was a Spanish scholar and a Carlist politician. He is considered one of top intellectuals of the Francoist era, though not necessarily of Francoism. As theorist of law he represented the school known as iusnaturalismo, as historian of political ideas he focused mostly on Hispanidad, and as theorist of politics he pursued a Traditionalist approach. As a Carlist he remained an ideologue rather than a political protagonist.

#18997

Benedykt Dybowski

Benedykt Dybowski

1833 - 1930 (97 years)

Benedykt Tadeusz Dybowski was a Polish naturalist and physician. Life Benedykt Dybowski was born in Adamaryni, within the Minsk Governorate of the Russian Empire to Polish nobility. He was the brother of naturalist Władysław Dybowski and the cousin of the French explorer Jean Dybowski.

#18998

Sallustius of Emesa

450 - Present (1576 years)

Sallustius of Emesa was a Cynic philosopher, who lived in the latter part of the 5th century AD. Biography Sallustius' father Basilides was a Syrian; his mother Theoclea a native of Emesa, where probably Sallustius was born, and where he lived during the earlier part of his life. He applied himself first to the study of jurisprudence, and studied the art of oratory under the tuition of Eunoius at Emesa. He subsequently abandoned his forensic studies, and took up the profession of a sophist. He directed his attention especially to the Attic orators, and learnt all the orations of Demosthenes by heart.

#18999

Wilmar Maarten Wiersinga

#19000

Maria Bezobrazova

Maria Bezobrazova

1857 - 1914 (57 years)

Maria Vladimirovna Bezobrazova was a philosopher, historiographer, educator, journalist and women's rights activist from the Russian Empire. She was "the first among Russian women to receive training in philosophy".

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