The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
Students and researchers now have a fast and reliable way to find influential thinkers from 24 disciplines and 300 sub-disciplines (and growing). If you want to find history’s most influential philsosophers, or the world’s most influential mathematicians currently, now you can.
We also provide custom rankings of people by discipline as well as interviews with influential academics who are currently active.
To use this tool, select the discipline (and optional subdiscipline) relevant to your research, and specify influential academics by history, world, or US. Even results that are counterintuitive are often enlightening (our algorithm always picks up a signal).
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List of the most influential people in Philosophy,
#19301
Carl Gottlieb Peschel
1798 - 1879 (81 years)
Carl Gottlieb Peschel was a German painter. He was a member of the Nazarene movement. Biography Beginning in 1812, he became a student at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts. When Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein was commissioned to paint the ceilings at the Schloss Pillnitz, Peschel worked as his assistant. He inherited part of his father's military pension and used the money to finance a study trip to Rome with his friend Adolf Zimmermann in 1825-1826. When he returned home, he supported himself by giving drawing lessons and painting snuff cans. After the Saxon Art Association bought his pa...
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Eduard Heinrich Henoch
1820 - 1910 (90 years)
Eduard Heinrich Henoch was a German physician. He taught at the Berlin University . Henoch was of Jewish descent, and was the nephew of Moritz Heinrich Romberg. Work After taking the degree of M.D. at Berlin , he began to practise as a specialist in diseases of children. Until 1850 he was assistant at the children's dispensary of the university. In that year he became privat-docent; in 1858, assistant professor. In 1872 Henoch became director of the hospital and dispensary of the department of pediatrics at the Charité. In 1893 he resigned that position, received the title of Medicinalrath, a...
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Subodh Mitra
1896 - 1961 (65 years)
Dr. Subodh Mitra M.D., F.R.C.S., F.R.C.O.G. was an eminent obstretrician and gynecologist in India. He is the founder of the "Mitra operation" for cervical cancer. Brief biography He was born on 1 November 1896 in Jessore . He graduated from the University of Calcutta in 1922. He saw the plight of female patients as an undergraduate and took up the Obstetrics and Gynecology as his career. He has gone to Germany and completed post graduation in Obstetrics and Gynecology in 2 years. He got M.D. from Berlin University in 1924. He went to Edinburgh and did his Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1925 and F.R.C.O.G.
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George Frederick Armstrong
1842 - 1900 (58 years)
George Frederick Armstrong, , was a distinguished 19th century English academic specialising in railway, civil, and sanitary engineering who served as the Regius Professor of Engineering at the University of Edinburgh. Over the course of his life he became a member of many learned societies and the author of many papers and lectures.
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William Dandridge Peck
1763 - 1822 (59 years)
William Dandridge Peck was an American naturalist, the first native-born entomologist and a pioneer in the field of economic entomology. In 1806 he became the first professor of natural history at Harvard, a position he held until his death in 1822.
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Walter Bayley
1529 - 1593 (64 years)
Walter Bayley , was an English physician. Life Bayley, called in Latin Bailæus and in English books also Baley and Baily, was born at Portesham, Dorset, in which county his father was a squire. He was educated at Winchester School, and became a fellow of New College in 1550. He graduated M.B. 1557, and M.D. 1563. He was already in holy orders, and was a canon of Wells until 1579. In 1561 he had been appointed regius professor of physic at Oxford University.
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Adolf Ferdinand Weinhold
1841 - 1917 (76 years)
Adolf Ferdinand Weinhold was a German chemist, physician and inventor. Life From 1857 to 1861 Weinhold studied chemistry and physics at universities in Göttingen and in Leipzig. His mentors were Otto Linné Erdmann and Friedrich Wöhler. In Germany, Weinhold worked after university studies as chemist and physician. He was appointed professor at Chemnitz University of Technology in 1870. In 1873 he was granted a D. Phil from the University of Leipzig.
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Ferdinand Victor Alphons Prosch
1820 - 1885 (65 years)
Ferdinand Victor Alphons Prosch was a Danish doctor, veterinarian and biologist. Prosch's father, Johannes Henrik William Prosch was a secretary in the Danish War Chancery and his mother, Caroline Sophie was French. In 1837 Prosch was a student at the Metropolitan School in Copenhagen and by 1843 he had taken his medical exams. Between 1843 and 1846 Prosch was employed by the university as a prosector, i.e. a preparer of specimens for dissection in the university's Zoological museum.
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Guillaume Cop
1461 - 1532 (71 years)
Guillaume Cop , born in Basel in the 1460s, died in Paris on 2 December 1532, was a Renaissance physician and humanist. Biography He matriculated as a student of the University of Basel in the winter of 1478/79. His tutor was Johannes Heberling of Schwäbisch Gmünd, an enthusiastic listener of Johannes Reuchlin . In his native town he received his license, master of arts, and devoted himself for three years to the study of medicine. After no doubt staying in other cities, he reached Paris around 1488 and enrolled in the faculty of medicine. He received a bachelor's degree in medicine on 19 March 1492, dismissed on 13 April 1496 , then doctor on the following 17 May.
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Andrzej Janikowski
1799 - 1864 (65 years)
Andrzej Janikowski was a Russian Empire ethnic Polish medical doctor and professor of theoretical surgery at the University of Warsaw, a pioneer of forensic medicine in Poland of the nineteenth century.
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Walter Georgi
1871 - 1924 (53 years)
Walter Georgi was a German painter and illustrator; known for his female portraits. Life and work His father, the jurist , was elected Mayor of Leipzig when Walter was five years old. From 1882 to 1888, he attended the . In 1890, he took lessons at the local Academy of Fine Arts, then transferred to the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts, where he studied with Leon Pohle. Finally, in 1893, he enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich. His primary instructor there was Paul Hoecker.
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Alexis Boyer
1757 - 1833 (76 years)
Alexis Boyer was a French surgeon, born in Corrèze. He was the son of a tailor, and he obtained his first medical knowledge in the shop of a barber surgeon. When he moved to Paris, he had the good fortune to attract the attention of renowned surgeons Antoine Louis and Pierre-Joseph Desault . Boyer persevered at his profession, and became notorious for his anatomical knowledge and surgical dexterity. At the age of 37 he was appointed second surgeon to the Hôtel-Dieu in Paris. On the establishment of the École de Sante, he was named chair of operative surgery, but soon exchanged it for the chair of clinical surgery.
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Pehr von Afzelius
1760 - 1843 (83 years)
Pehr von Afzelius was a Swedish medical doctor and professor in Uppsala. Afzelius was the brother of botanist Adam Afzelius, chemist Johan Afzelius, and doctoral advisor of Jacob Berzelius. From 1777 to 1781 he studied at Uppsala University, and in February 1784 began a lengthy study trip, in which he visited several European universities, most notably in Paris and Edinburgh. During the Russo-Swedish War , he served in Finland as a Life Guards regimental doctor. In 1801 he succeeded Johan Gustaf Acrel as professor of medicine at Uppsala, where he twice served as university rector . In 1820 he...
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Maximilian Schwedler
1853 - 1940 (87 years)
Maximilian Schwedler was a German flutist, flute maker and music editor and historian. He was influential as Germany's last major advocate for the conical-bore flute, for which he made many improvements. In 1898 he received a patent for the Reformflöte "System Schwedler-Kruspe" , also known as the Reform flute.
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Alfred Leber
1881 - 1954 (73 years)
Alfred Theodor Leber was a German ophthalmologist born in Antwerp. He was a nephew of renowned ophthalmologist Theodor Leber . Alfred Leber is considered to be the founder of German tropical ophthalmology.
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Ernst Pflüger
1846 - 1903 (57 years)
Ernst Pflüger was a Swiss ophthalmologist. In 1870 he received his medical doctorate at the University of Bern, then furthered his education in ophthalmology at Utrecht University with Franciscus Donders and at the University of Vienna with Carl Ferdinand von Arlt. Afterwards, he worked as an eye doctor in Lucerne, and in 1876 became an associate professor and successor to Henri Dor at the University of Bern. From 1879 up until his death in 1903, he was a full professor of ophthalmology at the university.
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Johann Nikolaus Stupanus
1542 - 1621 (79 years)
Johann Nikolaus Stupanus was an Italian-Swiss physician, known also as a translator. He was the father of Emmanuel Stupanus . Life He was originally from Pontresina, and joined the faculty of medicine at the University of Basel. He taught theoretical medicine there from 1589 to 1620 and developed a systematic medical semiology.
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Józef Czajkowski
1872 - 1947 (75 years)
Józef Czajkowski; 21 January 1872, in Warsaw – 27 July 1947, in Warsaw Czajowski's arts in all forms sought to distill and improve upon that which was best about Polish tradition, and his aim was to celebrate the culture of the people his art served. He wrote, in 1928, "Poland has been politically resurrected and it shall be reborn internally as well, and as such it must find its visual mode of expression. [...] It was through art that Poland endured from within during the invasion, and it is through art in these times of freedom that it must win the place it deserves in the world of culture, bringing in its own creative values.
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Karl Wessely
1860 - 1931 (71 years)
Karl Wessely was an Austrian palaeographer and papyrus scholar. He examined manuscripts housed at the Austrian National Library and in other important European libraries . Works auf Papyrus, Wiener Studien 4 , 198-214.Analekten. 1. Neue Evangelien-Fragmente auf Papyrus Wiener Studien 7 .ad papyrorum graecorum novam collectionem edendam zu einigen Publicationen auf dem Gebiete der älteren griechischen Paläographie Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer. Führer durch die Ausstellung, Wien 1894.haben die alten Römer geschrieben? plus anciens monuments du christianisme, Patrologia Orientalis IV, 2, .Ein fayum...
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Johannes Andreas Schmitz
1621 - 1652 (31 years)
Johannes Andreas Schmitz was a German physician and the third rector of the University of Harderwijk. Life Schmitz studied medicine in Groningen , Leiden , and Angers. He served as personal physician to Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg, and as city physician in Harderwijk . He became Professor of Medicine and rector of the University of Harderwijk. He married Gertrud Kumpsthoff and had a son Johann Dietrich Schmitz , who became mayor of Cleves, and a daughter Sophia .
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Viktor von Hacker
1852 - 1933 (81 years)
Viktor von Hacker was an Austrian surgeon born in Vienna. In 1878 he received his medical doctorate at the University of Vienna, and after graduation remained in Vienna as an assistant to Theodor Billroth . Later he was a professor of surgery at the Universities of Innsbruck and Graz .
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Otto Martin Torell
1828 - 1900 (72 years)
Prof Otto Martin Torell HFRSE was a Swedish naturalist and geologist. Life He was born in Varberg, Sweden on 5 June 1828 the son of Johan Petter Torell and his wife, Susanna Charlotta Varenius. He was educated at Lund University for the medical profession, but became interested in zoological and geological studies, and being of independent means he devoted himself to science.
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Meer Akselrod
1902 - 1970 (68 years)
Meer Moiseevich Akselrod, also Meyer Axelrod was a Belarusian painter best known for his watercolor paintings of Jewish life in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Life Akselrod was born in Maladzyechna, Russian Empire. As a child, he survived a pogrom and moved to Russia during World War I. In the 1920s, he studied and then taught at the VKhUTEMAS School of Art. His work was barely known outside the former Soviet Union until his daughter, Elena Akselrod, published her father's biography and a representative collection of his works in Israel in 1993.
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Kenji Takagi
1888 - 1963 (75 years)
Professor Kenji Takagi was a Japanese orthopedic surgeon, noted for being one of the first people to carry out a successful arthroscopy of the knee. Takagi was attached to Tokyo University in 1918 when he carried out the ground-breaking operation on a cadaver. He had been influenced by the work of Danish surgeon Severin Nordentoft. In 1922, he went to Germany to study the use of x-ray technology there. Following World War II, Takagi's pupil Masaki Watanabe, carried on his work.
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René Le Fort
1869 - 1951 (82 years)
René Le Fort was a French surgeon from Lille known for creating a classification for fractures of the face. Early life René Le Fort was born in 1869, in Lille. His father was a physician and his uncle a renowned surgeon, Léon Clément Le Fort.
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Gustav Veit
1824 - 1903 (79 years)
Aloys Constantin Conrad Gustav Veit was a German gynecologist and obstetrician who was a native of Leobschütz. He was the father of gynecologist Johann Veit . In 1848 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Halle, and following graduation remained in Halle as an assistant to Anton Friedrich Hohl at the institute of maternity. In 1854 he attained the chair of obstetrics at the University of Rostock, and in 1864 moved to the University of Bonn as professor and director of the department of obstetrics. He died in Deyelsdorf.
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Hanuš Schwaiger
1854 - 1912 (58 years)
Hanuš Johann Peter Paul Schwaiger was a Czech painter, designer, graphic artist and professor, best known for his fairy-tale illustrations. Biography He was the only son of six children born to a German-speaking ironmonger, but was baptized as a Catholic. In 1865, he was enrolled at the local gymnasium, but failed his courses and transferred to the Realschule in České Budějovice, where he met a teacher who encouraged his artistic interests. In 1873, despite this, he followed his father's wishes and entered the Vienna Business School. He soon ignored his studies and spent more time at the local art schools, prompting his parents to bring him home to work in the family business.
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Berndt Lindholm
1841 - 1914 (73 years)
Berndt Adolf Lindholm was a Finnish landscape painter . He is usually associated with the Düsseldorf School, but his work also displays early Impressionist elements. He specialized in coastal scenes.
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Johann Friedrich Cartheuser
1704 - 1777 (73 years)
Johann Friedrich Cartheuser was a German physician and naturalist. Biography Cartheuser was born at Hayn. He studied medicine first at Jena and afterward at Halle, where he took the degree of doctor in 1731. He was appointed in 1740 professor of chemistry, pharmacy, and materia medica at the university of Frankfurt an der Oder, and shortly afterward to the chair of anatomy and botany. Still later he was named professor of pathology and therapeutics. He was also appointed rector of the university, and continued to hold his appointments till his death. He was made a member of the academy of sciences, Berlin, in 1758.
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Emanuel Kayser
1845 - 1927 (82 years)
Friedrich Heinrich Emanuel Kayser was a German geologist and palaeontologist, born in Königsberg. He was educated at the universities of Halle, Heidelberg and Berlin, where in 1871 he qualified as a lecturer in geology. From 1873 he worked as a state geologist for the Preußischen Geologischen Landesanstalt , and in 1881 became a professor at the Berlin Mining Academy. In 1885 he succeeded Wilhelm Dunker as professor of geology and paleontology at the University of Marburg.
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Walter Hermann von Heineke
1834 - 1901 (67 years)
Walter Hermann von Heineke was a German surgeon. He was the son of physician Karl Friedrich Heineke . He studied at the Universities of Göttingen, Berlin, Leipzig and Greifswald, where he was a student and assistant to Heinrich Adolf von Bardeleben . At Greifswald he obtained his doctorate in 1858 and his habilitation for surgery in 1863. From 1867 to 1901 he was a professor of surgery at the University of Erlangen.
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Frederik Holst
1791 - 1871 (80 years)
Frederik Holst was a Norwegian medical doctor. He is regarded as an important pioneer in medicine in Norway. Biography Holst was born at Holmestrand in Vestfold, Norway. He was the son of merchant Hans Holst and Inger Christine Backer .
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Arthur Ramos
1903 - 1949 (46 years)
Arthur Ramos de Araujo Pereira was a psychiatrist, professor, and psychologist who was a critical voice in the adoption of psychoanalysis in Brazil. Ramos challenged the White supremacist and eugenic ideologies that Brazilian psychiatrists were adopting in the first half of the 20th century and instead suggested the use of Freudian psychoanalysis to bridge the tensions between Whiteness and Blackness in Brazil.
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Julius Hirschberg
1843 - 1925 (82 years)
Julius Hirschberg was a German ophthalmologist and medical historian. He was of Jewish ancestry. In 1875, Hirschberg coined the term "campimetry" for the measurement of the visual field on a flat surface and in 1879 he became the first to use an electromagnet to remove metallic foreign bodies from the eye. In 1886, he developed the Hirschberg test for measuring strabismus. His series Geschichte der Augenheilkunde , nine volumes written from 1899 to 1917, is considered by some to be one of his greatest achievements.
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Arthur Kaufmann
1888 - 1971 (83 years)
Arthur Kaufmann was an avant-garde German painter, who was a key figure in the Post-Expressionist and New Objectivity art movements. About He was a founding member in 1919 of Das Jungle Rheinland , a stylistically diverse group co-led by Herbert Eulenberg, Gert Wollheim, and Adolf Uzarski, which was united only by their rejection of academic art. Other members included Otto Dix, Theo Champion, Karl Schwesig, Walter Ophey, and Adalbert Trillhaase. During this era, he created such works as Contemporaries: Düsseldorf's Intellectual Scene and his Portrait of Betty Kohlhaas and Jankel Adler .
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Joseph Waltl
1805 - 1888 (83 years)
Dr. Joseph Waltl was a German physician and naturalist. Waltl was born in Wasserburg am Bodensee and studied at Landshut and Munich, graduating in medicine in 1819. He then travelled in Austria, France and Spain. In 1833 he became a teacher in Passau, and in 1835 a professor of natural history at the university.
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Heinrich Fritsch
1844 - 1915 (71 years)
Heinrich Fritsch was a German gynecologist and obstetrician who was a native of Halle an der Saale. He studied medicine at the Universities of Tübingen, Würzburg and Halle. He became a member of Suevia Tübingen and the Corps Guestphalia Halle . At the University of Halle he earned his medical doctorate in 1869. Afterwards he remained at Halle as an assistant at the clinic of obstetrics under Robert Michaelis von Olshausen . In 1877 he became an associate professor, and in 1882 was a professor and director of the obstetrical clinic at Breslau. From 1893 to 1910 he was a professor at the ...
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Eduard Schleich the Elder
1812 - 1874 (62 years)
Eduard Schleich was a German painter. He is generally referred to as The Elder to distinguish him from his son Eduard, who was also a painter. Biography Schleich was the illegitimate son of the judicial administrator at Schloss Haarbach. In 1833, after the death of his father left him destitute, he went to Munich with the intention of enrolling at the Academy of Fine Arts, but was told he had no artistic talent and was rejected. As a result, he began to paint landscapes on his own, modelling them on the works of Christian Etzdorf, Christian Morgenstern and Carl Rottmann.
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Otto Schirmer
1864 - 1917 (53 years)
Otto Schirmer was a German ophthalmologist from Greifswald. He studied medicine at several universities including the University of Greifswald. In 1896 he attained the chair of ophthalmology at Greifswald, a position earlier held by his father, Rudolf Schirmer . Later he was a professor of ophthalmology at the Universities of Kiel and Strasbourg, and in 1909 emigrated to New York, where he worked at several locations including the Herman Knapp Memorial Eye Hospital.
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Martin H:son Holmdahl
#141777
Overall Influence
1923 - 2015 (92 years)
Svante Martin Henriksson Holmdahl was a Swedish professor of anesthesiology, who was rector magnificus of Uppsala university between 1978 and 1989. Holmdahl began his medical studies in Uppsala in 1942. In 1953 he became responsible for the anesthesiology department at the Academic Hospital in Uppsala.
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Gustav Becking
1894 - 1945 (51 years)
Gustav Wilhelm Becking was a German musicologist who studied with Wolf and Hugo Riemann. Becking did his doctorate in 1920. He worked as a professor at Utrecht from 1929, in Prague from 1930 according to The New Grove.
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Jerome Roche
#94630
Overall Influence
1942 - 1994 (52 years)
Jerome Lawrence Alexander Roche was a British musicologist, with a particular interest in Italian church music of the baroque era. Early life and education Roche was born in 1942 in Cairo, Egypt, the son of an army doctor. He was educated at Downside School, a Catholic independent school in Somerset, England, before studying music at St John's College, Cambridge, graduating with a BA in 1962. He went on to study for a PhD, under the supervision of Denis Arnold. His dissertation focussed on the development of vocal duets in Italian baroque church music.
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Henryk Fryderyk Hoyer
1834 - 1907 (73 years)
Henryk Fryderyk Hoyer was a Polish physician and professor at the University of Warsaw who is considered the founder of histology in Poland. He wrote the first textbook on histology in Polish in 1862. He is sometimes referred to as Henryk Hoyer to differentiate him from his son, the anatomist Henryk Ferdynand Hoyer. Hoyer's medium and Hoyer's solution are named after him.
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Michael Skjelderup
1769 - 1852 (83 years)
Michael Skjelderup was a Norwegian physician and educator. Skjelderup was born in the parish of Hof in Vestfold, Norway. He graduated from the Royal Danish Academy of Surgery and first held a position as a professor at the University of Copenhagen . He subsequently became a professor at the University of Oslo . He was the father of Norwegian Government minister Jacob Worm Skjelderup.
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Hans Kundrat
1845 - 1893 (48 years)
Hans Kundrat was a pathologist born in Vienna, Austrian Empire. He studied medicine in Vienna, and as a student he was a demonstrator under Josef Hyrtl and Karl von Rokitansky. In 1868 he received his medical doctorate, and remained in Vienna as an assistant to Rokitansky. In 1873 he obtained his habilitation, and in 1877 attained the chair of pathology at the University of Graz. Five years later he returned to the University of Vienna as chair of pathology, a position he kept until his death. One of his better known students was Richard Paltauf .
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Justus Hecker
1795 - 1850 (55 years)
Justus Friedrich Karl Hecker was a German physician and medical writer, whose works appear in medical encyclopaedias and journals of the time. He particularly studied disease in relation to human history, including plague, smallpox, infant mortality, dancing mania and the sweating sickness, and is often said to have founded the study of the history of disease.
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Johann Gottfried Zinn
1727 - 1759 (32 years)
Johann Gottfried Zinn was a German anatomist and botanist and was a member of the Berlin Academy. Biography Johann Gottfried Zinn was born in Schwabach. Considering his short life span, Zinn made a great contribution to the study of anatomy. In his book Descriptio anatomica oculi humani, he provided the first detailed and comprehensive anatomy of the human eye.
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Jason Herbison
#26634
Overall Influence
1972 - Present (54 years)
Jason Herbison is an Australian television producer, screenwriter and novelist, most recently serving as the executive producer of the soap opera Neighbours. He has written scripts for numerous television serials, and has published several novels.
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Jaques-Louis Reverdin
1842 - 1929 (87 years)
Jaques-Louis Reverdin was a Swiss surgeon who was a native of Cologny. He studied at the University of Paris, becoming an interne of hospitals in 1865. In 1869 he became an assistant to Jean Casimir Félix Guyon in the surgical department at the Hôpital Necker in Paris. Afterwards he moved to Geneva, where he eventually became chief surgeon at the Hôpital Cantonal de Geneve, and a professor at the University of Geneva.
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Caspar Scheuren
1810 - 1887 (77 years)
Caspar Johann Nepomuk Scheuren was a German painter and illustrator. Biography His father, was also an artist. After receiving his initial training at home, he studied landscape painting at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, from 1829 to 1835. His Romantic tendencies were encouraged by his admiration for the works of Johann Wilhelm Schirmer and Carl Friedrich Lessing. He was also inspired by the writings of Sir Walter Scott.
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