The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
Students and researchers now have a fast and reliable way to find influential thinkers from 24 disciplines and 300 sub-disciplines (and growing). If you want to find history’s most influential philsosophers, or the world’s most influential mathematicians currently, now you can.
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List of the most influential people in Physics,
#10151
Jacques Solomon
1908 - 1942 (34 years)
Jacques Solomon was a French physicist and Marxist who played a central role in the debate over quantum mechanics in France in the 1930s and 1940s. He was killed by firing squad at Fort Mont-Valérien in 1942.
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Pierre Lemonnier
1675 - 1757 (82 years)
Pierre Lemonnier was a French astronomer, a professor of Physics and Philosophy at the Collège d'Harcourt , and a member of the French Academy of Sciences. Lemonnier published the 6-volume Latin university textbook Cursus philosophicus ad scholarum usum accommodatus which consisted of the following volumes :Volume 1 - LogicaVolume 2 - MetaphysicaVolume 3 - Physica Generalis including mechanics and geometryVolume 4 - Physica Particularis including astronomy , optics, chemistry, gravity, and Newtonian versus Cartesian dynamicsVolume 5 - Physica Particularis including fluid mechanics, human ...
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Edward Bennett Rosa
1873 - 1921 (48 years)
Edward Bennett Rosa was an American physicist, specialising in measurement science. He received B.S. at Wesleyan University and taught physics at a school in Providence, Rhode Island before graduate studies in physics at Johns Hopkins University, obtaining a Ph.D. in 1891 on the thesis entitled The Specific Inductive Capacity of Electrolytes, advised by Henry Augustus Rowland. After a short stay at University of Wisconsin he was professor of physics at Wesleyan University where he and Wilbur Olin Atwater developed a respiration calorimeter which for human beings confirmed conservation of energy laws and allowed for calculation of caloric values of different foods.
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Abram A. Slutskin
1891 - 1950 (59 years)
Abram A. Slutskin was a Ukrainian scientist and professor who had a major role in shaping radio science in the Soviet Union. He was a pioneer in cavity magnetron development and the application of these devices in radio-location systems.
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František Nušl
1867 - 1951 (84 years)
František Nušl was a Czech astronomer and mathematician. Life After high school in Jindřichův Hradec, he studied physics and astronomy in Prague, where he met among others the future president of Czechoslovakia, T. G. Masaryk, the linguist Jan Gebauer and the historian Josef Goll, with whom he collaborated on Otto's encyclopedia. After 1893 he taught maths on various high schools and met with J. J. Frič, a manufacturer of precision instruments. In 1898 Frič bought a large piece of land in Ondřejov, 50 km south-east from Prague, where they established an astronomical observatory. Since 1904 Nu...
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Petrus Apianus
1495 - 1552 (57 years)
Petrus Apianus , also known as Peter Apian, Peter Bennewitz, and Peter Bienewitz, was a German humanist, known for his works in mathematics, astronomy and cartography. His work on "cosmography", the field that dealt with the earth and its position in the universe, was presented in his most famous publications, Astronomicum Caesareum and Cosmographicus liber . His books were extremely influential in his time, with the numerous editions in multiple languages being published until 1609. The lunar crater Apianus and asteroid 19139 Apian are named in his honour.
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Viktor Knorre
1840 - 1919 (79 years)
Viktor Karlovich Knorre was a Russian astronomer of German ethnic origin. He worked in Nikolaev, Pulkovo and Berlin and is best known for having discovered 158 Koronis and three other minor planets. Knorre's father, Karl Friedrich Knorre, and grandfather, Ernst Friedrich Knorre, were also prominent astronomers. Recently, the main-belt asteroid 14339 Knorre was named in honor of the three generations of Knorre astronomers.
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Charles Lane Poor
1866 - 1951 (85 years)
Charles Lane Poor was an American astronomy professor, noted for his opposition to Einstein's theory of relativity. Biography He was born on January 18, 1866, in Hackensack, New Jersey, to Edward Erie Poor.
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Wallace John Eckert
1902 - 1971 (69 years)
Wallace John Eckert was an American astronomer, who directed the Thomas J. Watson Astronomical Computing Bureau at Columbia University which evolved into the research division of IBM. Life Eckert was born in Pittsburgh on June 19, 1902. Shortly thereafter, his parents John and Anna Margaret Eckert moved to Erie County, Pennsylvania, where they raised their four sons on a farm in Albion, PA. Wallace graduated from Albion High School in a class of six boys and eight girls. He graduated from Oberlin College in 1925, and earned an MA from Amherst College in 1926.
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Andrew Claude de la Cherois Crommelin
1865 - 1939 (74 years)
Andrew Claude de la Cherois Crommelin was an astronomer of French and Huguenot descent who was born in Cushendun, County Antrim, Ireland. He was educated in England at Marlborough College and Trinity College, Cambridge. After a spell teaching at Lancing College he found permanent employment at the Royal Greenwich Observatory in 1891. He joined the Royal Astronomical Society in 1888 and was its president from 1929-1931. In 1895 he joined the British Astronomical Association and was president from 1904-1906 and directed its comet section 1898-1901 and 1907-1938.
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Josef Schintlmeister
1908 - 1971 (63 years)
Josef 'Sepp' Schintlmeister was an Austrian-German nuclear physicist and alpinist from Radstadt. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranium Club. After World War II, he was sent Russia to work on the Soviet atomic bomb project. After he returned to Vienna, he took positions in East Germany. He was a professor of physics at the Technische Hochschule Dresden as well holding a leading scientific position at the Rossendorf Central Institute for Nuclear Research.
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Abu Nasr Mansur
960 - 1036 (76 years)
Abu Nasri Mansur ibn Ali ibn Iraq al-Jaʿdī was a Persian Muslim mathematician and astronomer. He is well known for his work with the spherical sine law. Abu Nasr Mansur was born in Gilan, Persia, to the ruling family of Khwarezm, the Afrighids. He was thus a prince within the political sphere. He was a student of Abu'l-Wafa and a teacher of and also an important colleague of the mathematician, Al-Biruni. Together, they were responsible for great discoveries in mathematics and dedicated many works to one another.
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Josef Lense
1890 - 1985 (95 years)
Josef Lense was an Austrian physicist. In 1914 Lense obtained his doctorate under Samuel Oppenheim. From 1927-28 he was Professor ordinarius and from 1928–1946 Professor extraordinarius for applied mathematics at the Technical University of Munich. From 1946 until 1961 he was director of the mathematical institute of the same university.
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John Frederic Daniell
1790 - 1845 (55 years)
John Frederic Daniell FRS was an English chemist and physicist. Biography Daniell was born in London. In 1831 he became the first professor of chemistry at the newly founded King's College London; and in 1835 he was appointed to the equivalent post at the East India Company's Military Seminary at Addiscombe, Surrey. His name is best known for his invention of the Daniell cell, an element of an electric battery much better than voltaic cells. He also invented the dew-point hygrometer known by his name, and a register pyrometer; and in 1830 he erected in the hall of the Royal Society a water-barometer, with which he carried out a large number of observations.
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Emile Plantamour
1815 - 1882 (67 years)
Emile Plantamour or Émile Plantamour, was a Swiss astronomer. Biography He was the son of François-Théodore, Hospital director, and of Louise Saladin. He was born in Geneva. He studied astronomy with Jean-Alfred Gautier and worked with François Arago in Paris, Alexander von Humboldt and Johann Franz Encke in Berlin, Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel at the University of Königsberg and Carl Friedrich Gauss at the University of Göttingen.
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Heinrich Streintz
1848 - 1892 (44 years)
Heinrich Streintz was an Austrian physicist. Due to the frequent diseases of their son, the parents of Streintz moved to Graz. There, he visited High School which he passed with great success in 1868. Soon the mathematical abilities of Streintz were discovered, so he occupied the subjects mathematics, physics and chemistry at the University of Graz. Temporarily he studied also in Leipzig, Munich, and Zurich. In Graz he attained a doctorate in 1872, and then he studied for some time under Gustav Robert Kirchhoff and Leo Königsberger in Heidelberg. Afterwards he worked in Vienna under Josef Ste...
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William Sutherland
1859 - 1911 (52 years)
William Sutherland was a Scottish-born Australian theoretical physicist, physical chemist and writer for The Age newspaper. Early life and education Sutherland was born in Glasgow, Scotland, son of George Sutherland, a woodcarver, and his wife Jane, née Smith. William had siblings Alexander Sutherland, George Sutherland and Jane Sutherland. The family emigrated to Australia in 1864, staying in Sydney for six years and then moving to Melbourne in 1870. Sutherland later graduated from Wesley College. The headmaster was Martin Howy Irving who had been the second professor of classics at the University of Melbourne, but the influence of the second master, H.
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Theodore Meliteniotes
1320 - 1393 (73 years)
Theodore Meliteniotes was a Byzantine Greek astronomer, a sakellarios in the Byzantine bureaucracy, a supporter of Gregory Palamas and an opponent of the reunion with the Catholic Church. He became didaskalos ton didaskalon, i.e. the director of the Patriarchal School in 1360.
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Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
1236 - 1311 (75 years)
Qotb al-Din Mahmoud b. Zia al-Din Mas'ud b. Mosleh Shirazi was a 13th-century Persian polymath and poet who made contributions to astronomy, mathematics, medicine, physics, music theory, philosophy and Sufism.
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Hans Oswald Rosenberg
1879 - 1940 (61 years)
Hans Oswald Rosenberg was a German astronomer. He worked in the University of Tübingen before losing his job in Nazi Germany for having Jewish descent. He then moved to the United States of America and then to Turkey. He studied correlations between spectra and magnitude and produced a precursor of the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram in 1910 using stars at similar distances within the Pleiades cluster.
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Kārlis Šteins
1911 - 1983 (72 years)
Kārlis Šteins was a Latvian and Soviet astronomer and populariser of this science. Biography Šteins was born on October 13, 1911 in Kazan, Russian Empire. In 1925 he finished the Riga 2nd Secondary school. In 1929 he started the studies in University of Latvia, the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science. In 1934 he graduated from the University of Latvia. In 1933 he was practicing in Kraków, Poland, at Kraków Astronomical Observatory under supervision of Tadeusz Banachiewicz, and continued there until 1936. In 1933 he calculated the orbit of asteroid 1933 OP, discovered by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth, and named it 1284 Latvia; this is the first minor planet to bear a Latvia-related name.
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Heinrich Vogt
1890 - 1968 (78 years)
Heinrich Vogt was a German astronomer. Early life Vogt was born on October 5, 1890, in Gau-Algesheim, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany to Philipp Vogt, a farmer, and his wife Margaretha. Education In 1911, after graduating from high school in Mainz, Vogt enrolled at the University of Heidelberg to study astronomy, mathematics, and physics, where he was under the tutelage of Max Wolf. His studies were interrupted due to World War I, but he continued his scientific career and earned a PhD in 1919 with a dissertation on the topic "On the theory of Algol variables". In 1921, he completed a Habilita...
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Karl Ledersteger
1900 - 1972 (72 years)
Karl Ledersteger was an important geodesist and geophysicist. After studies of astronomy, mathematics and geodesy he worked in Germany and later in the National Survey of Austria. Later he set up the scientific department of the Federal Office for Metrology and Survey , Vienna. In the 1950s he was appointed as a professor of geodesy and astrometry at the Technical University of Vienna. He was head of many research projects, and author of about 200 scientific articles. Still a standard work of astronomical and physical geodesy is his textbook of Erdmessung published 1969.
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Theodore H. Berlin
1917 - 1962 (45 years)
Theodore H. Berlin was an American theoretical physicist. Education and career Berlin graduated in 1939 with B.S. in chemical engineering from Cooper Union. He graduated in 1940 with M.S. and in 1944 with Ph.D. from the University of Michigan. His thesis advisor was Kasimir Fajans.
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Jean-Charles Houzeau
1820 - 1888 (68 years)
Jean-Charles Houzeau de Lehaie was a Belgian astronomer and journalist. A French speaker, he moved to New Orleans after getting in trouble for his politics in Belgium. In the U.S. he continued his journalistic, astronomical, and political pursuits. He was an abolitionist and joined with unionists in Texas before the American Civil War. In New Orleans he worked with Dr. Louis Charles Roudanez at the newspapers he founded in the 1860s.
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Leslie Earl Simon
1900 - 1983 (83 years)
Leslie Earl Simon was an American military officer and scientist, and author of the book German Research in World War II: An Analysis of the Conduct of Research. He was a major general in the U.S. Army's Ordnance Department, and director of the Ballistic Research Laboratories at the Aberdeen Proving Ground military facility in Maryland.
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William Peddie
1861 - 1946 (85 years)
William Peddie FRSE LLD was a Scottish physicist and applied mathematician, known for his research on colour vision and molecular magnetism. Life He was born in Papa Westray in Orkney on 31 May 1861 the son of Rev John Peddie and his wife, Marion Beashe. He was educated at Kirkwall Grammar School.
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Kushyar Gilani
971 - 1029 (58 years)
Abul-Hasan Kūshyār ibn Labbān ibn Bashahri Daylami , also known as Kūshyār Daylami , was an Iranian mathematician, geographer, and astronomer from Daylam, south of the Caspian Sea, Iran. Career Kūshyār Daylami's main work was probably done about the beginning of the 11th century, and seems to have taken an important part in the elaboration of trigonometry. He continued the investigations of the 10th century mathematician and astronomer Abul Wáfa, and devoted much space to this in his , which incorporated the improved values of the planetary apogees observed by al-Battani. The tables were translated into the Persian language before the end of the century.
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Elis Strömgren
1870 - 1947 (77 years)
Svante Elis Strömgren was a Swedish–Danish astronomer. Strömgren was born in 1870 in Helsingborg, in the Scania province of Sweden. He received his doctorate at Lund University in 1898, becoming docent there the same year. He worked at the University of Kiel from 1901, and assisted in the publication of Astronomische Nachrichten from 1901 to 1904. He became Professor of Astronomy and director of the Copenhagen Observatory of the University of Copenhagen in 1907. He died in Copenhagen in 1947. The minor planet 1422 Strömgrenia was named in his honour.
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Carl Bremiker
1804 - 1877 (73 years)
Carl Bremiker was a German astronomer and geodesist. First educated as a surveyor, Bremiker worked on the Rhenish-Westphalia survey until 1835. He earned a doctorate and was an assistant to Johann Franz Encke. On 26 October 1840 Bremiker discovered a comet, which is now designated as C/1840 U1 . For this discovery he won the Lalande Prize in 1840. He made entries and revisions for five of the star charts of the Berlin Academy and collaborated on the Berliner Astronomisches Jahrbuch.
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Alexander Meissner
1883 - 1958 (75 years)
Alexander Meissner was an Austrian engineer and physicist. He was born in Vienna and died in Berlin. His field of interest was: antenna design, amplification and detection advanced the development of radio telegraphy. In March 1913 he discovered the principle of positive feedback independently of Edwin Armstrong, and by applying positive feedback to vacuum tube amplifiers, Meissner co-invented the electronic oscillator, which became the basis of radio transmission by 1920 and has innumerable uses today. The inductively-coupled oscillator circuit he invented is today known as the Meissner osci...
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Egbert Adriaan Kreiken
1896 - 1964 (68 years)
Egbert Adriaan Kreiken was a Dutch teacher and astronomer. He was born at Barneveld in the Netherlands, to a family of teachers. After being awarded his Ph.D. in 1923, he would become a professor of astronomy in Amsterdam.
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Aleksandr Yakovlevich Orlov
1880 - 1954 (74 years)
Aleksandr Yakovlevich Orlov was an astronomer and pioneer of geodynamics. Orlov studied at Saint Petersburg University, graduating with distinction in 1902. He subsequently developed his scientific background through study at the University of Paris, at the University of Lund under Carl Charlier then at the University of Göttingen under with Johann Emil Wiechert.
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Elsa Neumann
1872 - 1902 (30 years)
Elsa Neumann was a German physicist. She was the first woman to receive a PhD in physics from the University of Berlin, in 1899. Early life and education Elsa was the daughter of Maximilian and Anna née Meyer, an older brother was the ornithologist Oscar Neumann while a sister Alice was a sculptor. As a woman, Elsa Neumann was generally denied access to higher education. In 1890 she graduated with a Lehrerinnenprüfung , a degree that did not require higher education at that time and was considered less than a Realgymnasium education. Thus she took private lessons with various professors in order to acquire the advanced knowledge and skills necessary for university-level studies.
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Harold Jacoby
1865 - 1932 (67 years)
Harold Jacoby was an American astronomer, born in New York City. Career overview Jacoby received his B.A. from Columbia College in 1885 and his Ph.D. from Columbia in 1895. He applied himself to astronomical research, and was appointed assistant astronomer for the United States eclipse expedition to West Africa .
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Arthur Berson
1859 - 1942 (83 years)
Arthur Josef Stanislaus Berson was a German meteorologist and pioneer of aerology who was a native of Neu Sandez, Galicia . After visiting the gymnasium in Neu Sandez, Berson studied philology in Vienna. He then studied meteorology and geography in Berlin, where he had as instructors Ferdinand von Richthofen and Wilhelm von Bezold. In 1890 he was an assistant to meteorologist Richard Aßmann at the Meteorological Institute in Berlin. During this period of time he was also secretary of the Deutschen Verein zur Förderung der Luftschiffahrt, the first aeronautical organization in Germany. In 1900...
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Federigo Zuccari
1783 - 1817 (34 years)
Federigo, Vincenzo Antonio, Ludovico Zuccari was an Italian astronomer, professor of Astronomy at the Naples University, professor of Mathematical Geography at the Military Academy of Naples and director of the Astronomical Observatory of Naples.
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Noah Ernest Dorsey
1873 - 1959 (86 years)
Noah Ernest Dorsey was an American physicist, known for his contributions to measurement technology. He was born in Annapolis, Maryland and studied at Johns Hopkins University where he obtained a B.A. and a Ph.D. . He worked at the same place a few years, was with U. S. Bureau of Soils and the Department of Agriculture as well, before he eventually joined National Bureau of Standards where he stayed until retirement in 1943. His research was on standards of radioactivity and x-ray measurements , becoming the leader of the Radium Section and publishing a widely used book covering this emer...
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Daniel Kirkwood
1814 - 1895 (81 years)
Daniel Kirkwood was an American astronomer. Kirkwood was born in Harford County, Maryland, to John and Agnes Kirkwood. He graduated in mathematics from the York County Academy in York, Pennsylvania, in 1838. After teaching there for five years, he became Principal of the Lancaster High School in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and after another five years he moved on to become Principal of the Pottsville Academy in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. In 1851, he was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society. The same year he became Professor of Mathematics at Delaware College and in 1856 Prof...
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William Marshall Smart
1889 - 1975 (86 years)
William Marshall Smart was a 20th-century Scottish astronomer. Life He was born in Doune in Stirlingshire the son of Peter Fernie Smart and his wife, Isabella Marshall Harrower. He was educated at the McLaren High School, in Callander, and graduated MA from the University of Glasgow in 1910 in mathematics and natural philosophy. He went on to graduate with a triple first in the Mathematical Triposes at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he won the Tyson Medal for astronomy.
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Vincenzo Riccati
1707 - 1775 (68 years)
Vincenzo Riccati was a Venetian Catholic priest, mathematician, and physicist. Life Vincenzo Riccati was born in 1707 in Castelfranco Veneto, a small town about 30 km north of Padua. He was the brother of Giordano Riccati, and the second son of Jacopo Riccati. He began his studies at the College of St. Francis Xavier in Bologna, under the guidance of Luigi Marchenti, a pupil of the French mathematician Pierre Varignon. He entered the Society of Jesus on December 20, 1726. He taught belles lettres in the colleges of the Order in Piacenza , Padua , and Parma . He then went to Rome to study theology.
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Thomas Jefferson Jackson See
1866 - 1962 (96 years)
Thomas Jefferson Jackson See was an American astronomer whose promulgated theories in astronomy and physics were eventually disproven. His educational and professional career were dogged by plagiarism and conflict, including his attacks on relativity. He was fired from his position at two observatories, eventually serving out his professional years at a naval shipyard in California.
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Satyendra Nath Bose
1894 - 1974 (80 years)
Satyendra Nath Bose was an Indian mathematician and physicist specializing in theoretical physics. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, in developing the foundation for Bose–Einstein statistics and the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate. A Fellow of the Royal Society, he was awarded India's second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan, in 1954 by the Government of India.
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Lord Kelvin
1824 - 1907 (83 years)
William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, was a British mathematician, mathematical physicist and engineer born in Belfast. He was the Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Glasgow for 53 years, where he undertook significant research and mathematical analysis of electricity, the formulation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and contributed significantly to unifying physics, which was then in its infancy of development as an emerging academic discipline. He received the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 1883, and served as its president from 1890 to 1895. In 1892, he beca...
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Aryabhata
476 - 550 (74 years)
Aryabhata or Aryabhata I was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. His works include the Āryabhaṭīya and the Arya-siddhanta.
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Igor Kurchatov
1903 - 1960 (57 years)
Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov , was a Soviet physicist who played a central role in organizing and directing the former Soviet program of nuclear weapons. As many of his contemporaries in Russia, Kurchatov, initially educated as a naval architect, was an autodidact in nuclear physics and was brought by Soviet establishment to accelerate the feasibility of the "super bomb". Aided by effective intelligence management by Soviet agencies on American Manhattan Project, Kurchatov oversaw the quick development and testing of the first Soviet nuclear weapon, which was roughly based on the first American ...
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William Rowan Hamilton
1805 - 1865 (60 years)
Sir William Rowan Hamilton MRIA, FRAS was an Irish mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. He was the Andrews Professor of Astronomy at Trinity College Dublin, and Royal Astronomer of Ireland, living at Dunsink Observatory.
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Nikola Tesla
1856 - 1943 (87 years)
Nikola Tesla was a Serbian-American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, and futurist. He is best-known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current electricity supply system.
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Abram Ioffe
1880 - 1960 (80 years)
Abram Fedorovich Ioffe was a prominent Soviet physicist. He received the Stalin Prize , the Lenin Prize , and the Hero of Socialist Labor . Ioffe was an expert in various areas of solid state physics and electromagnetism. He established research laboratories for radioactivity, superconductivity, and nuclear physics, many of which became independent institutes.
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Wilhelm Wien
1864 - 1928 (64 years)
Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien was a German physicist who, in 1893, used theories about heat and electromagnetism to deduce Wien's displacement law, which calculates the emission of a blackbody at any temperature from the emission at any one reference temperature.
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