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List of the most influential people in Physics,

#10951

Pearl I. Young

1895 - 1968 (73 years)

Pearl I. Young became the first female technical employee of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics , which evolved to become today's NASA. She became Chief Technical Editor at NACA's Langley Instrument Research Laboratory, and an engineering professor.

#10952

Karl Kraus

1938 - 1988 (50 years)

Karl Kraus was a German theoretical physicist who made major contributions to the foundations of quantum physics. Life and work Kraus was born in 1938 in Hohenelbe/Giant Mountains, today Vrchlabí. After the war, he grew up in Elsterwerda and attended local schools. He studied physics from 1955 to 1960 at the Humboldt University of Berlin and the Free University of Berlin . He graduated in 1962 with a thesis about Lorentz's theory of gravity, carried out under the supervision of Kurt Just. Kraus then joined as an assistant to Günther Ludwig at the University of Marburg, where he qualified in 1966.

#10953

Émile Verdet

1824 - 1866 (42 years)

Marcel Émile Verdet was a French physicist. He worked in magnetism and optics, editing the works of Augustin-Jean Fresnel. Verdet did much to champion the early theory of the conservation of energy in France through his editorial supervision of the Annales de chimie et de physique.

#10954

Dean Benjamin McLaughlin

1901 - 1965 (64 years)

Dean Benjamin McLaughlin was an American astronomer. He was a professor of astronomy at the University of Michigan. He was the father of the science fiction author Dean B. McLaughlin, Jr. He received his B.S. , his M.S. and his Ph.D. all from Michigan. McLaughlin married fellow astronomer Laura Elizabeth Hill in 1927.

#10955

Diego Rodríguez

1569 - 1668 (99 years)

Diego Rodríguez was a mathematician, astronomer, educator, and technological innovator in New Spain. He was one of the most important figures in the scientific field in the colony in the second half of the seventeenth century.

#10956

Ron Giovanelli

1915 - 1984 (69 years)

Ronald Gordon Giovanelli, DSc, FAA was an Australian solar researcher, astronomer and physicist, who contributed to the fields of astrophysics, solar physics, radiative transfer, and astronomical optics. His career spanned more than 40 years, commencing prior to World War II. Giovanelli was the recipient of the 1949 Edgeworth David Medal by the Royal Society of New South Wales for the discipline of astrophysics, which recognises distinguished contributions by scientists under the age of 35 years old in their respective fields. He was also elected into the Fellowship of the Australian Academy ...

#10957

Robert of Ketton

1110 - 1160 (50 years)

Robert of Ketton, known in Latin as Rodbertus Ketenensis , was an English astronomer, translator, priest and diplomat active in Spain. He translated several works of Arabic into Latin, including the first translation of the Quran into any Western language. Between 1144 and 1157 he held an archdeaconry in the diocese of Pamplona. In the past he has been confounded with Robert of Chester , another English translator active in Spain in the mid-twelfth century; and at least one modern scholar believes they are the same person.

#10958

Andrey Aleksandrovich Gershun

1903 - 1952 (49 years)

Andrey Aleksandrovich Gershun was a Soviet physicist known for his work in photometry and optics, and was one of the founders of Vavilov State Optical Institute Hydrooptics Science School. Biography Andrey Aleksandrovich Gershun was born in 1903 in the family of Russian physicist Aleksandr L'vovich Gershun. After his father's death in 1915 he lived with his mother Rozaliya Feliksovna Gershun. In 1920 he entered the Physics Department of Peterburg State University and graduated in 1924. He then took a position in the State Optical Institute Photometric Laboratory under the direction of Professor S.

#10959

Wilhelm Schur

1846 - 1901 (55 years)

Adolph Christian Wilhelm Schur, RAS Associate was a German astronomer and professor of astronomy at the University of Göttingen. He held important positions at multiple observatories throughout his career, namely deputy director of the Strasbourg Observatory and director of the Göttingen Observatory. His main work was in astrometry, although he focused on publishing astronomical catalogues in his later life.

#10960

Alexandra Glagoleva-Arkadieva

1884 - 1945 (61 years)

Alexandra Andreevna Glagoleva-Arkadieva was a Russian and Soviet physicist known for her research on medical imaging using X-rays, mechanisms for generating microwaves, and spectrometry in the far infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. She was the first Russian woman to become internationally known for her physics research.

#10961

Shirley Leon Quimby

1893 - 1986 (93 years)

Shirley Leon Quimby was an American physicist. He graduated from University of California at Berkeley in 1915 and received his PhD in physics at Columbia University in 1925. He served as a professor at Columbia from 1943 and became professor emeritus in 1962. In 1915 he married fellow student Edith Hinkley, who would later be noted for her contributions to nuclear medicine and radiology.

#10962

Marcin Bylica

1433 - 1493 (60 years)

Marcin Bylica , also known as Martin Bylica and Marcin z Olkusza, was a Polish astrologer, astronomer, and physician at the court of Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary. Biography Son of burgher Jan, waterworks caretaker of Olkusz. He studied first probably at parish school in Olkusz, and later at the University of Cracow, where he doubtless studied under the astronomer Marcin Król z Żurawicy. Bylica was invited by Johannes Lauratius de Fundis and taught astronomy at the University of Bologna in 1463.

#10963

Eduard Heis

1806 - 1877 (71 years)

Eduard Heis was a German mathematician and astronomer. He completed his education at the University of Bonn in 1827, then taught mathematics at a school in Cologne. In 1832 he taught at Aachen, and remained there until 1852. He was then appointed by King Frederick William IV to a chair position at the Academy of Münster in 1852. In 1869 he became rector of the Academy.

#10964

August Hagenbach

1871 - 1955 (84 years)

August Hagenbach was a Swiss physicist working in spectroscopy. He was the son of physicist Eduard Hagenbach-Bischoff and obtained his Ph.D. in 1894 at the University of Leipzig with a thesis titled "" under the supervision of Gustav Heinrich Wiedemann.

#10965

George Dawson Preston

1896 - 1972 (76 years)

George Dawson Preston FRSE was a 20th century British physicist specialising in crystallography and the structure of alloys. He was one of the first to use x-rays and electron diffraction to study the crystal structure of metals and alloys. Along with André Guinier, Preston gives his name to the Guinier-Preston zone, discovered in 1938.

#10966

Baishali Dutta

#10967

Anatole Leduc

1856 - 1937 (81 years)

Anatole Sylvester Leduc was a French physicist and a professor at the Faculty of Science in Paris. He was one of the independent discoverers of the Thermal Hall effect. Leduc was born in Oust-Marais to farmer Ferdinand and his wife Marie Madeleine Augustin Lottin. He studied at the Douai high school and at Abbeville college before entering the Ecole Polytechnique and the Ecole Normale Supérieure . He graduated in mathematics and physics and received a doctorate in 1888. He taught at Stanislas College from 1880 and from 1883 at the Lycee Saint-Louis. In 1892 he became a lecturer at the Faculty of Sciences and in 1900 he became an assistant professor.

#10968

Tetsuro Oshika

#10969

Louis Agricola Bauer

Louis Agricola Bauer

1865 - 1932 (67 years)

Louis Agricola Bauer was an American geophysicist, astronomer and magnetician. Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, he graduated from the University of Cincinnati in 1888, and he immediately started work for the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. During 1895 and 1896, he was instructor in mathematical physics at the University of Chicago, after which he worked in various positions at different locations. The most important of these was as the first director of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, which was established in 1904. In this position, he set ...

#10970

Abdias Treu

1597 - 1669 (72 years)

Abdias Treu was a German mathematician and academic. He was the professor of mathematics and physical science at the University of Altdorf from 1636-1669. He is best known for his contributions to the field of astronomy. He also contributed writings on the mathematical nature of music theory. He is the grandfather of physician and botanist Christoph Jacob Treu.

#10971

Lewis Salter

1926 - 1989 (63 years)

Lewis Salter was an American theoretical physicist, physics professor, and researcher. He served as the dean of Knox College for 11 years and was the twelfth president of Wabash College. Biography Salter was born in Norman, Oklahoma. He spent three years in the United States Army during World War II, then received his undergraduate education at the University of Oklahoma, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. He was selected as a Rhodes Scholar, and spent 1949 to 1953 at the University of Oxford, where he received his master's degree and doctorate in theoretical physics.

#10972

Betty Louise Turtle

1941 - 1990 (49 years)

Betty Louise Turtle was an Australian astronomer and physicist. In 1971, with her colleague Paul Murdin, she identified the powerful X-ray source Cygnus X-1 as the first clear candidate for a black hole.

#10973

Fritz Fischer

1898 - 1947 (49 years)

Fritz Fischer was a technical physicist, engineer and inventor. He was married to Maud Schätti. Fritz Fischer studied electrical engineering at the ETH Zurich from 1917 till 1921 and graduated as Dr. sc. tech in 1924. Working at the Telephonwerke Albisrieden he improved the transmission quality of speech, whereupon he was called to the central laboratories of the mother company Siemens & Halske in Berlin. There he built the first remotely controlled ships and airplanes and investigated the physical properties of colour film. Over 70 patent applications resulted from his work at Siemens. He wa...

#10974

Richard Krzymowski

1875 - 1960 (85 years)

Richard Krzymowski was a German agricultural scientist. His main research interests were agricultural geography and agricultural history. Krzymowski's main work is "History of German Agriculture" an exemplary textbook for an integrated presentation of agricultural history, agricultural geography, and the history of agricultural production techniques.

#10975

William Morgan

1750 - 1833 (83 years)

William Morgan, FRS was a British physician, physicist and statistician, who is considered the father of modern actuarial science. He is also credited with being the first to record the "invisible light" produced when a current is passed through a partly evacuated glass tube: "the first x-ray tube".

#10976

Morris B. Crawford

1852 - 1940 (88 years)

Morris Barker Crawford was an American academic, and the first professor of physics at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. Early life and education He was born in 1852 in Sing Sing, now Ossining, New York to the Rev. Morris DeCamp Crawford and Charlotte Crawford. Both his father and his grandfather were ministers. He graduated from Wesleyan University in 1874, and he was a member of the Eclectic Society and of Phi Beta Kappa. He earned a Master of Arts degree from Wesleyan in 1877.

#10977

Bohdan Stefanowski

Bohdan Stefanowski

1883 - 1976 (93 years)

Bohdan Stefanowski was a Polish expert in thermodynamics, one of founders of the Warsaw school of thermodynamics, the first rector of Lodz University of Technology. After graduation from the Mechanical Engineering Department of Lviv Polytechnic in 1904, Bohdan Stefanowski pursued a career in industry as a specialist in heat management and then spent several years furthering his education under the supervision of Prof. Mollier in Dresden and Prof. Joss at Königliche Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg.

#10978

Szczepan Szczeniowski

1898 - 1979 (81 years)

Professor Szczepan Eugeniusz Szczeniowski , was a Polish physicist, and author of numerous papers on cosmic rays, electron diffraction and ferromagnetism. In early 1930s, he taught at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lwow, in 1937 moving to the Stefan Batory University in Wilno. After World War II, he settled in Poznań, also cooperating with the Warsaw Polytechnic. Szczeniowski was a member of many prestigious organizations - Technical Science Academy, Polish Academy of Knowledge and Polish Academy of Sciences.

#10979

Georg Joseph Sidler

Georg Joseph Sidler

1831 - 1907 (76 years)

Georg Joseph Sidler was a Swiss mathematician, professor at the university of Bern. Life and work Sidler was born on 31 August 1831 in Zug, Switzerland to Georg Joseph Sidler and Verena Maria Sidler . He was their only son. He also had two half-sisters from his father's first marriage. One of the girls died at the age of seven. Both of Georg's parents came from old-established families in Canton of Zug; Many of his ancestors had been involved in local and cantonal politics. His paternal grandfather, Georg Damian held a number of offices; most notably he served as a Landvogt in the Valle Maggia in Ticino.

#10980

Andrzej Sołtan

1897 - 1959 (62 years)

Andrzej Sołtan was a Polish nuclear physicist. He also worked on spectroscopy in the band between far ultraviolet and X-rays. During his visit to Caltech in 1932–33, together with H. Richard Crane and Charles Christian Lauritsen, he discovered a method for producing neutron beams, by bombarding lithium or beryllium nuclei with accelerated deuterons.

#10981

Konstanty Jodko-Narkiewicz

1901 - 1963 (62 years)

Konstanty Jodko-Narkiewicz, also known as Konstanty Narkiewicz-Jodko , was a Polish geophysicist who specialized in studying cosmic radiation. He was also a mountaineer, Arctic explorer, and balloonist.

#10982

Ludwig Becker

1860 - 1947 (87 years)

Ludwig Wilhelm Emil Ernst Becker FRSE was Regius Professor of Astronomy at the University of Glasgow from 1893 until 1935 when he retired. Life Born in Wesel, Kingdom of Prussia, Becker was educated at the University of Bonn. After two years as an assistant in the Berlin Observatory, the Earl of Crawford and Balcarres appointed him in 1885 to take charge of his large private observatory at Dunecht, near Aberdeen. When that institution was wound up in the autumn of 1888, the instruments were passed on to the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury for a new Royal Observatory. A site on Blackford Hill in Edinburgh was selected in 1889 and Becker was included on the staff.

#10983

John Leigh Smeathman Hatton

1865 - 1933 (68 years)

Professor John Leigh Smeathman was a mathematician and Principal of East London College, England, one of the founding colleges of what is now Queen Mary College, part of London University. He was also Vice Chancellor of London University in the 1930s.

#10984

Ahmad Fazlur Rahman

Ahmad Fazlur Rahman

1889 - 1945 (56 years)

Sir Ahmad Fazlur Rahman , also known as A. F. Rahman, was a Bengali academic. He served as the first Bengali Vice-chancellor of the University of Dhaka during 1934–1936. He was knighted by the British Government of India in 1942.

#10985

Viktor Kirpichov

Viktor Kirpichov

1845 - 1913 (68 years)

Viktor Lvovich Kirpichov was a Russian Empire engineer, physicist, and educational organizer, known especially for his work on applied and structural mechanics as well as for establishing the foundations for technical education in the Russian Empire.

#10986

Harald Wergeland

Harald Wergeland

1912 - 1987 (75 years)

Harald Nicolai Storm Wergeland was a Norwegian physicist. He was a professor at the Norwegian Institute of Technology. He was born in Norderhov as a son of forest manager Harald Nicolay Storm Wergeland and Ebba Marie Weien . In 1937 he married Hedvig Louise Ording, a sister of Fredrik Ording.

#10987

Arnold Nordsieck

1911 - 1971 (60 years)

Arnold Theodore Nordsieck was an American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work with Felix Bloch on the infrared problem in quantum electrodynamics. He developed the inertial electrostatic gyroscope used as part of the inertial navigation system of nuclear submarines that allows them to remain underwater without having to surface to ascertain their location.

#10988

Leonhard Sohncke

Leonhard Sohncke

1842 - 1897 (55 years)

Leonhard Sohncke was a German mathematician who classified the 65 space groups in which chiral crystal structures form, called Sohncke groups. He was a professor of physics at the Technische Hochschule Karlsruhe from 1871 to 1883, at Jena from 1883 to 1886, and at the Technical University of Munich from 1886 to 1897.

#10989

Anders Lindstedt

Anders Lindstedt

1854 - 1939 (85 years)

Anders Lindstedt was a Swedish mathematician, astronomer, and actuarial scientist, known for the Lindstedt-Poincaré method. Life and work Lindstedt was born in a small village in the district of Sundborns, Dalecarlia a province in central Sweden. He obtained a PhD from the University of Lund aged 32 and was subsequently appointed as a lecturer in astronomy. He later went on to a position at the University of Dorpat where he worked for around seven years on theoretical astronomy. He combined practical astronomy with an interest in theory, developing especially an interest in the three-body...

#10990

Karl L. Littrow

Karl L. Littrow

1811 - 1877 (66 years)

Karl Ludwig Edler von Littrow was an Austrian astronomer. Born in Kazan, Russian Empire, he was the son of astronomer Joseph Johann Littrow. He studied mathematics and astronomy at the universities of Vienna and Berlin, receiving his doctorate at the University of Krakow in 1832. In 1842 he succeeded his father as director of the Vienna Observatory. Under his leadership, construction of a new observatory began in Währing in 1872; he died, however, prior to its completion. He was the husband of Auguste von Littrow.

#10991

Emil Rupp

1898 - 1979 (81 years)

Philipp Heinrich Emil Rupp was a German physicist, regarded by many as a respectable and important experimentalist in the late 1920s. He was later forced to recant all five of the papers he had published in 1935, admitting that his findings and experiments had been fictions. There is evidence that most if not all of his earlier experimental results were forged as well.

#10992

Jan Tesánek

1728 - 1788 (60 years)

Jan Tesánek was a Bohemian scholar and author of scientific literature. Biography Tesánek studied at a gymnasium in Prague and later at Faculty of Philosophy of Charles University. In 1745, he became a Jesuit and studied mathematics, physics and astronomy under Joseph Stepling, a student of Ignatz Mühlwenzel. Stepling introduced Tesánek to the works of Isaac Newton. After finishing under the Faculty of Philosophy, Tesánek continued with study of theology. He was then ordained a priest and became professor of physics at Charles University. Later, he taught mathematics at the University of Olomouc.

#10993

Joseph Zähringer

1929 - 1970 (41 years)

Joseph Zähringer was a German physicist. From 1949 until 1954 he attended the Universität Freiburg, studying physics, mathematics, chemistry and mineralogy. In 1955 he became an assistant at the university, and in 1956 he came to the Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York. By 1958 he joined the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany as an assistant. He eventually became the director of the institute in 1965.

#10994

Rao Yutai

1891 - 1968 (77 years)

Rao Yutai was a Chinese physicist, one of the founders of modern physics in China. He was a founding member of Academia Sinica in 1948 and of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955. Early years Rao was born in Linchuan, Jiangxi, Qing Empire in December 1891. His father was a government officer in Qing Dynasty. He studied Chinese classical literature in childhood. In 1905, he went to study in a high school in Shanghai. Dr. Hu Shih taught his English.

#10995

Margaret Eliza Maltby

Margaret Eliza Maltby

1860 - 1944 (84 years)

Margaret Eliza Maltby was an American physicist notable for her measurement of high electrolytic resistances and conductivity of very dilute solutions. Maltby was the first woman to earn a Bachelor of Science degree from MIT, where she had to enroll as a "special" student because the institution did not accept female students. Maltby was also the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Göttingen in 1895.

#10996

August Köhler

1866 - 1948 (82 years)

August Karl Johann Valentin Köhler was a German professor and early staff member of Carl Zeiss AG in Jena, Germany. He is best known for his development of the microscopy technique of Köhler illumination, an important principle in optimizing microscopic resolution power by evenly illuminating the field of view. This invention revolutionized light microscope design and is widely used in traditional as well as modern digital imaging techniques today.

#10997

Karl Scheel

1866 - 1936 (70 years)

Karl Friedrich Franz Christian Scheel was a German physicist. He was a senior executive officer and head of Department IIIb at the Reich Physical and Technical Institute. Additionally, he served as editor of the journal , the semi-monthly bibliographic section of the journal Physikalische Berichte, the Verhandlungen of the German Physical Society, and the society’s journal Zeitschrift für Physik. From 1926 to 1935, he was editor of the Handbuch der Physik. An endowment by Scheel and his wife Melida funds the annual awarding of the Karl Scheel Prize by the Physical Society in Berlin.

#10998

Paul Guldin

1577 - 1643 (66 years)

Paul Guldin was a Swiss Jesuit mathematician and astronomer. He discovered the Guldinus theorem to determine the surface and the volume of a solid of revolution. Guldin was noted for his association with the German mathematician and astronomer Johannes Kepler. Guldin composed a critique of Cavalieri's method of Indivisibles.

#10999

Asen Zlatarov

1885 - 1936 (51 years)

Asen Zlatarov was a Bulgarian biochemist, writer and social activist. Life He was born in Haskovo on 4 February 1885. He studied chemistry at the University of Geneva . In 1908 he became a Ph.D. in Chemistry and Physics at Grenoble University. He taught in Plovdiv, and in Munich . He edited the magazines "Chemistry and Industry" and "Nature and Science" and the libraries "Naturfilosophical Reading" and "Science and Life".

#11000

Theodor von Oppolzer

Theodor von Oppolzer

1841 - 1886 (45 years)

Theodor von Oppolzer was an Austrian astronomer and mathematician of Bohemian origin. The son of the physician Johann Ritter von Oppolzer, Theodor was born in Prague. He completed his graduate studies in medicine at the University of Vienna, gaining a Ph.D. in 1865. He also owned a private observatory. He began teaching theoretical astronomy and geodesics at the University of Vienna in 1866. By 1875 he was appointed a professor. In 1873 he became the director of the Austrian Geodetic Survey, and in 1886 he was elected president of the International Geodetic Association.

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