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List of the most influential people in Psychology,

#4601

Kazimierz Dąbrowski

Kazimierz Dąbrowski

1902 - 1980 (78 years)

Kazimierz Dąbrowski was a Polish psychologist, psychiatrist, and physician. He is best known for his theory of "positive disintegration" as a mechanism in personality development. He was also a poet who used the pen name "Paul Cienin, Paweł Cienin".

#4602

Karl Bühler

1879 - 1963 (84 years)

Karl Ludwig Bühler was a German psychologist and linguist. In psychology he is known for his work in gestalt psychology, and he was one of the founders of the Würzburg School of psychology. In linguistics he is known for his organon model of communication and his treatment of deixis as a linguistic phenomenon.

#4603

Alexander Mitscherlich

1908 - 1982 (74 years)

Alexander Harbord Mitscherlich was a German psychoanalyst. Life Alexander Mitscherlich grew up in Munich and took up studies in history, the history of art, and philosophy at Munich University. When Mitscherlich's Jewish-born dissertation thesis supervisor Paul Joachimsen died, in 1932, his chair was passed to an antisemite, Karl Alexander von Müller, who declined to take over the dissertation projects begun by his predecessor. This is why Mitscherlich left Munich for Berlin in order to open a bookstore there, where he sold writings critical of the current developments in Germany, bringing him to the attention of the SA.

#4604

Egon Brunswik

1903 - 1955 (52 years)

Egon Brunswik Edler von Korompa was a psychologist who made contributions to functionalism and the history of psychology. Life Early life and education Brunswik was born in Budapest, Hungary, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He graduated from the Theresianische Akademie in 1921, after studying mathematics, science, classics, and history. He enrolled as a student of psychology at the University of Vienna, where he became an assistant in Karl Bühler's Psychological Institute and received a PhD in 1927. While a graduate student in psychology, he also passed the state examination for G...

#4605

Yūjirō Motora

1858 - 1912 (54 years)

Yūjirō Motora , sometimes also known as Yuzero Motora, was one of the earliest Japanese psychologists. He was known for conducting research on the attention spans of school-aged children, and he set up the first psychological laboratory in Japan.

#4606

James Ward

1843 - 1925 (82 years)

James Ward was an English psychologist and philosopher. He was a Cambridge Apostle. Life Ward was born in Kingston upon Hull, the eldest of nine children. His father was an unsuccessful merchant. Ward was educated at the Liverpool Institute and Mostyn House, but his formal schooling ended when his father became bankrupt.

#4607

Frank Angell

1857 - 1939 (82 years)

Frank Angell was an early American psychologist and the former athletic director at Stanford University. Biography Angell was born in 1857 in Scituate, Rhode Island. He graduated from the University of Vermont with an undergraduate degree in 1878. Angell spent several years teaching high school physics in Washington, DC. He earned his PhD in the Leipzig laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt. He then founded the experimental psychology laboratories at Cornell University and Stanford University . He remained at Stanford for the rest of his career, working primarily on psychophysics and as director of athletics.

#4608

Gustave Gilbert

Gustave Gilbert

1911 - 1977 (66 years)

Gustave Mark Gilbert was an American psychologist best known for his writings containing observations of high-ranking Nazi leaders during the Nuremberg trials. His 1950 book The Psychology of Dictatorship was an attempt to profile the Nazi German dictator Adolf Hitler using as reference the testimonials of Hitler's closest generals and commanders. Gilbert's published work is still a subject of study in many universities and colleges, especially in the field of psychology.

#4609

Knight Dunlap

1875 - 1949 (74 years)

Knight Dunlap was an American psychologist. He founded the Journal of Psychology, was the first editor of the Journal of Comparative Psychology, and was the President of the American Psychological Association. Dunlap authored numerous books and articles regarding psychology and was a talented inventor. His concentration was in experimental psychology and some of his best known inventions were the Dunlap chronoscope, the Dunlap tapping plate, and the Dunlap chair for vestibular investigation.

#4610

Wolfgang Metzger

1899 - 1979 (80 years)

Wolfgang Metzger is considered one of the main representatives of Gestalt psychology in Germany. Metzger's most widely acclaimed work is Psychologie: Die Entwicklung ihrer Grundannahmen seit der Einführung des Experiments . It portrays systematically the foundations of psychology, including the different kinds of psychological reality, the problems associated with reference systems, order, and much more. Pivotal in its discussions is the cumulative knowledge, at that time, of the entire Gestalt school.

#4611

James Sully

1842 - 1923 (81 years)

James Sully was an English psychologist, philosopher and writer. Biography James Sully was born at Bridgwater, Somerset, the son of J. W. Sully, a liberal Baptist merchant and ship-owner. He was educated at the Independent College in Taunton, Regent's Park College, at the University of Göttingen, where he studied under Hermann Lotze, and at the Humboldt University of Berlin, where he studied under Emil du Bois-Reymond and Hermann von Helmholtz.

#4612

C. Lloyd Morgan

C. Lloyd Morgan

1852 - 1936 (84 years)

Conwy Lloyd Morgan, FRS was a British ethologist and psychologist. He is remembered for his theory of emergent evolution, and for the experimental approach to animal psychology now known as Morgan's Canon, a principle that played a major role in behaviourism, insisting that higher mental faculties should only be considered as explanations if lower faculties could not explain a behaviour.

#4613

Moritz Lazarus

1824 - 1903 (79 years)

Moritz Lazarus , born at Filehne, in the Grand Duchy of Posen, was a German-Jewish philosopher, psychologist, and a vocal opponent of the antisemitism of his time. Life and education He was born at Filehne, Posen. The son of Aaron Levin Lazarus, a pupil of Akiba Eiger, and himself president of the bet din and the yeshiva of Filehne , he was educated in Hebrew literature and history, and subsequently in law and philosophy at the University of Berlin. In 1850 he obtained his PhD degree; in the same year he married Sarah Lebenheim.

#4614

Edmund Sanford

1859 - 1924 (65 years)

Edmund Clark Sanford was an early American psychologist. He earned his PhD under the supervision of Granville Stanley Hall at Johns Hopkins University, and then moved with Hall to Clark University in 1888, where he became the professor of psychology and the founding director of the psychology laboratory. He is best known for his 1887 Writings of Laura Bridgman and for his 1897 textbook, A Course in Experimental Psychology. This textbook was a manual on how to conduct experiential psychology. He was present at the creation of the American Psychological Association in 1892 and the creation of the Association of American Universities in 1900.

#4615

Konstantin Kornilov

Konstantin Kornilov

1879 - 1957 (78 years)

Konstantin Nikolayevich Kornilov was a Soviet psychologist. Kornilov is known for being the initiator of restructuring the science of psychology on the basis of Marxist philosophy in the Soviet Union, which made him to be considered the "first Soviet psychologist".

#4616

Fred S. Keller

1899 - 1996 (97 years)

Fred Simmons Keller was an American psychologist and a pioneer in experimental psychology. He taught at Columbia University for 26 years and gave his name to the Keller Plan, also known as Personalized System of Instruction, an individually paced, mastery-oriented teaching method that has had a significant impact on college-level science education system. He died at home, age 97, on February 2, 1996, in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

#4617

Karen Horney

1885 - 1952 (67 years)

Karen Horney was a German psychoanalyst who practised in the United States during her later career. Her theories questioned some traditional Freudian views. This was particularly true of her theories of sexuality and of the instinct orientation of psychoanalysis. She is credited with founding feminist psychology in response to Freud's theory of penis envy. She disagreed with Freud about inherent differences in the psychology of men and women, and like Adler, she traced such differences to society and culture rather than biology.

#4618

George Stout

1860 - 1944 (84 years)

George Frederick Stout , usually cited as G. F. Stout, was a leading English philosopher and psychologist. Biography Born in South Shields on 6 January 1860, Stout studied psychology at the University of Cambridge under James Ward. Like Ward, Stout employed a philosophical approach to psychology and opposed the theory of associationism.

#4619

Pyotr Zinchenko

1903 - 1969 (66 years)

Petr Ivanovich Zinchenko was a Soviet developmental psychologist, a student of Lev Vygotsky and Alexei Leontiev and himself one of the major representatives of the Kharkiv School of Psychology. In 1963, Zinchenko founded and headed the department of psychology at Kharkiv University until his death in 1969.

#4620

Robert L. Fantz

1925 - 1981 (56 years)

Robert Lowell Fantz was an American developmental psychologist who pioneered several studies into infant perception. In particular, the preferential looking paradigm introduced by Fantz in the 1961 is widely used in cognitive development and categorization studies among small babies.

#4621

Edwin Holt

1873 - 1946 (73 years)

Edwin Bissell Holt was a professor of philosophy and psychology at Harvard from 1901–1918. From 1926–1936 he was a visiting professor of psychology at Princeton University. Biography Holt was born in Winchester, Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard in 1896 and received his Ph.D., also from Harvard, in 1901. His mentors at Harvard were William James, Hugo Münsterberg, and Josiah Royce.

#4622

Ludwig Klages

1872 - 1956 (84 years)

Friedrich Konrad Eduard Wilhelm Ludwig Klages was a German philosopher, psychologist, graphologist, poet, writer, and lecturer, who was a two-time nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature. In the Germanosphere, he is considered one of the most important thinkers of the 20th century. He began his career as a research chemist according to his family's wishes, though soon returned to his passions for poetry, philosophy and classical studies. He held a post at the University of Munich, where in 1905 he founded the ; the latter was forced to close in 1914 with the outbreak of World War I. In 1915...

#4623

Aleksei Leontiev

1903 - 1979 (76 years)

Aleksei Nikolayevich Leontiev , was a Soviet developmental psychologist and philosopher and a founder of activity theory. Biography Aleksei Leontiev's life was closely linked to the Lomonosov Moscow State University . In 1921, he began his studies at the historical-philological faculty of the university. The historical-philological faculty, at the time, included a Department of Philosophy at which Georgy Chelpanov was teaching psychology, and Leontiev studied psychology with him. In 1924, Leontiev graduated from what became the Faculty of Social Sciences. Leontiev worked with Lev Vygotsky and ...

#4624

George Stuart Fullerton

1859 - 1925 (66 years)

George Stuart Fullerton was an American philosopher and psychologist. Early life and education Fullerton was born in Fatehgarh, India, the son of the Rev. Robert Stuart Fullerton and Martha White Fullerton, American Presbyterian missionaries. He moved to Philadelphia with his widowed mother and his siblings, after his father's death in 1865. He graduated in 1879 from the University of Pennsylvania and in 1884 from Yale Divinity School.

#4625

Harry Guntrip

1901 - 1975 (74 years)

Henry James Samuel Guntrip was a British psychoanalyst known for his major contributions to object relations theory or school of Freudian thought. He was a Fellow of the British Psychological Society and a psychotherapist and lecturer at the Department of Psychiatry, Leeds University, and also a Congregationalist minister. He was described by Dr Jock Sutherland as "one of the psychoanalytic immortals".

#4626

Victor Henri

1872 - 1940 (68 years)

Victor Henri was a French-Russian physical chemist and physiologist. He was born in Marseilles as a son of Russian parents. He is known mainly as an early pioneer in enzyme kinetics. He published more than 500 papers in a variety of disciplines including biochemistry, physical chemistry, psychology, and physiology. Aleksey Krylov was his half-brother.

#4627

Edward Wheeler Scripture

1864 - 1945 (81 years)

Edward Wheeler Scripture was an American physician and psychologist. He founded the experimental psychology laboratory at Yale University, directed the Vanderbilt Speech Clinic at Columbia University and was a founder of the American Psychological Association. Trained under experimental psychology pioneer Wilhelm Wundt, Scripture became best known for his contributions to speech science.

#4628

Géza Róheim

1891 - 1953 (62 years)

Géza Róheim was a Hungarian psychoanalyst and anthropologist. Considered by some as the most important anthropologist-psychoanalyst, he is often credited with founding the field of psychoanalytic anthropology; was the first psychoanalytically trained anthropologist to do field research; and later developed a general cultural theory.

#4629

Charles Baudouin

1893 - 1963 (70 years)

Charles Baudouin was a French psychoanalyst and pacifist. His psychoanalytical work combined Freudianism with elements of the thought of Carl Jung and Alfred Adler. Biography Baudouin was born in Nancy, France. After studying literature, Charles Baudouin continued his education in philosophy at the Sorbonne, where he became interested by the personalities of Pierre Janet and Henri Bergson. In 1913, as a young graduate in philosophy, Baudouin was interested by the work of Emile Coué and contributed to making him famous.

#4630

Robert Morris Ogden

1877 - 1959 (82 years)

Robert Morris Ogden was an American psychologist and academic. He served as the dean of the Cornell University College of Arts and Sciences from 1923 to 1945. He was the first proponent of Gestalt psychology in the United States.

#4631

Orval Hobart Mowrer

1907 - 1982 (75 years)

Orval Hobart Mowrer was an American psychologist and professor of psychology at the University of Illinois from 1948 to 1975 known for his research on behaviour therapy. Mowrer practiced psychotherapy in Champaign-Urbana and at Galesburg State Research Hospital. In 1954 Mowrer held the position of president of the American Psychological Association. Mowrer founded Integrity Groups and was instrumental in establishing GROW groups in the United States. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Mowrer as the 98th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

#4632

Walther Poppelreuter

1886 - 1939 (53 years)

Walther Poppelreuter was a German psychologist and neurologist. He dealt mainly with brain injuries of soldiers during the First World War and developed psychometric examination procedures that were used in the treatment of brain-injured patients and in industrial aptitude tests. He was among the first high school teachers who advocated openly for Nazism before the "seizure of power" . His psychometric tests are often used in visual neuropsychology, especially the Poppelreuter figure visual perceptual function test.

#4633

James Drever

1873 - 1950 (77 years)

Sir James Drever FRSE was a Scottish psychologist and academic who was the first Professor of Psychology at a Scottish university. Early life Sir James Drever was born on 8 April 1873 in Balfour, on Shapinsay Island, Orkney. After an argument between Drever's father and their landlord, he evicted the family from their home. Drever's family then migrated to Stromness. He was a rather delicate and sickly child who quickly grew fond of reading. Drever was gifted with the ability to learn and memorize things rapidly as well as retain the information. He could repeat several pages of his favorite author's works.

#4634

Alice Hamlin Hinman

1869 - 1934 (65 years)

Alice Hamlin Hinman was a psychologist who changed the public school education system from backwards to progressive from 1907 to 1919 through her influence and membership on the Lincoln Board of Education.

#4635

Constance Davey

Constance Davey

1882 - 1963 (81 years)

Constance Muriel Davey was an Australian psychologist who worked in the South Australian Department of Education, where she introduced the state's first special education classes. Biography Davey was born in 1882 in Nuriootpa, South Australia, to Emily Mary and Stephen Henry Davey. She began teaching at a Port Adelaide private school in 1908 and at St Peter's Collegiate Girls' School in 1909. She attended the University of Adelaide as a part-time student, completing a B.A. in philosophy in 1915 and an M.A. in 1918. In 1921 she won a Catherine Helen Spence Memorial Scholarship which allowed ...

#4636

Josephine Tilden

Josephine Tilden

1869 - 1957 (88 years)

Josephine Elizabeth Tilden was an American expert on pacific algae. She was the first woman scientist employed by the University of Minnesota. Tilden established a research station in British Columbia which lasted only until 1906. When Tilden became an assistant Professor in 1903, she was the first female scientist employed by the University of Minnesota. In 1910, despite not having a doctorate, Tilden was promoted to full professor.

#4637

Max Ettlinger

1877 - 1929 (52 years)

Max Ettlinger was a German psychologist, philosopher, pedagogist, and aesthetician. Literary works Ettlinger. 1905. Pierre Bonnier: Le sens du retour. Revue philos. 56 , 30–50. 1903. Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane 38: 56Ettlinger. 1905. Gaston Rageot: Les formes simples de l'attention. Revue philos. 56 , 113–141. 1903. Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane 38: 58-60Ettlinger. 1905. Henri Piéron: L'association médiate. Revue philos. 56 , 142–149. 1903. Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane 38: 60Ettlinger. 1905. Gustave Loisel: La sexualité.

#4638

Jan Waterink

1890 - 1966 (76 years)

Jan Waterink was a Dutch pastor, psychologist and educationist who pioneered approaches to the testing and instruction of children with special needs. Waterink was born in Den Hulst where his family, originally from Nieuwleusen, lived. His father was a pastor and he went to the Gymnasium at Kampen followed by theological studies. He worked as a pastor in Appelscha and then at Zutphen. He studied social geography at the University of Bonn and received a doctorate in theology from the Free University in Amsterdam in March 1923. He then taught at the Lyceum in Zutphen and served as professor of pedagogy.

#4639

Adolf Zeising

1810 - 1876 (66 years)

Adolf Zeising was a German psychologist, whose main interests were mathematics and philosophy. Among his theories, Zeising claimed to have found the golden ratio expressed in the arrangement of branches along the stems of plants and of veins in leaves. He extended his research to the skeletons of animals and the branchings of their veins and nerves, to the proportions of chemical compounds and the geometry of crystals, even to the use of proportion in artistic endeavors. In these phenomena he saw the golden ratio operating as a universal law,

#4640

Dianne M. Finkelstein

#4641

Mary Dorothy Lyndon

1877 - 1924 (47 years)

Mary Dorothy Lyndon was the first female graduate from the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia. Early life and education Lyndon was born in 1877 in Newnan, Georgia. She graduated from Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia in 1896 as its first Dramatic Arts degree holder. She continued her education in Dramatic Arts and History at Columbia University in New York City before beginning her studies at the University of Georgia during Summer school sessions.

#4642

Elizabeth Blanchard

1834 - 1891 (57 years)

Elizabeth Blanchard was an American educator who was the seventh president of Mount Holyoke College . Blanchard graduated from Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in 1858, and taught there for twelve years before becoming the Associate Principal from 1872-1883. She served as Principal from 1883-1888. When Mount Holyoke Female Seminary received its collegiate charter and became Mount Holyoke College, she served as Acting President from 1888-1889.

#4643

J. Hillis Miller Sr.

J. Hillis Miller Sr.

1899 - 1953 (54 years)

J. Hillis Miller Sr. was an American university professor, education administrator and university president. Miller was a native of Virginia, and earned bachelor's, master's and doctorate degrees before embarking on an academic career. He served as a psychology professor at the College of William & Mary and Bucknell University, the president of Keuka College, a senior administrator with the New York Department of Education, and the president of the University of Florida.

#4644

Oscar Clute

1837 - 1902 (65 years)

Oscar Clute was president of the U.S. state of Michigan's State Agricultural College from 1889 to 1893. Early years Oscar Clute was born in Albany, New York. Career 1855–1859 From 1855 to 1859 Clute taught high school.

#4645

Josef Schiller

1877 - 1960 (83 years)

Josef Schiller was an Austrian phycologist and hydrobiologist. He studied natural sciences at the University of Vienna, earning his doctorate in 1905. Afterwards he was an assistant at the zoological station in Trieste , where he developed an expertise involving benthic algae and phytoplankton. From 1918 he worked as a lecturer of botanical hydrobiology at the University of Vienna, and in 1927 he became an associate professor on the aforementioned subject.

#4646

Luther L. Bernard

1881 - 1951 (70 years)

Luther Lee Bernard was an American sociologist and psychologist. He was the 22nd President of the American Sociological Association . He has been described as "among the best known U.S. sociologist in the country... between the 1920 and the 1940,".

#4647

Thomas Loveday

1875 - 1966 (91 years)

Thomas Tudor Loveday was an English academic who was Principal of Southampton University College and later Vice Chancellor of the University of Bristol . Early life Loveday was born in Cropredy, Oxfordshire, the son of John Edward Taylor Loveday, a landowner, and Margaret Cheape of Scotland, the granddaughter of John Arbuthnott, 8th Viscount of Arbuthnott. His great-great-grandfather was the antiquary John Loveday. He was educated at Fettes College in Edinburgh and later attended Magdalen College, Oxford, where he obtained an MA. He won the John Locke Scholarship in 1900, and worked as an As...

#4648

Carolyn Sherif

1922 - 1982 (60 years)

Carolyn Wood Sherif was an American social psychologist who helped to develop social judgment theory and contributed pioneering research in the areas of the self-system, group conflict, cooperation, and gender identity. She also assumed a leading role in psychology both nationally as well as internationally. In addition to performing seminal social psychology research, Wood Sherif devoted herself to teaching her students and was recognized for her efforts with an American Psychological Association award named in her honor that is presented annually.

#4649

Leta Stetter Hollingworth

1886 - 1939 (53 years)

Leta Stetter Hollingworth was an American psychologist, educator, and feminist. Hollingworth also made contributions in psychology of women, clinical psychology, and educational psychology. She is best known for her work with gifted children.

#4650

Elton Mayo

1880 - 1949 (69 years)

George Elton Mayo was an Australian born psychologist, industrial researcher, and organizational theorist. Mayo was formally trained at the University of Adelaide, acquiring a Bachelor of Arts Degree graduating with First Class Honours, majoring in philosophy and psychology, and was later awarded an honorary Master of Arts Degree from the University of Queensland .

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